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Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Accounting standards define fair value as the exit price, or the amount that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standards also establish a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy of these inputs is broken down into three levels: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs include (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets and (3) inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is most significant to the fair value measurement. Recurring Fair Value Measurements COPT has a non-qualified elective deferred compensation plan for Trustees and certain members of our management team that permits participants to defer up to 100% of their compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on such deferrals. The assets held in the plan (comprised primarily of mutual funds and equity securities) and the corresponding liability to the participants are measured at fair value on a recurring basis on COPT’s consolidated balance sheet using quoted market prices, as are other marketable securities that we hold. The balance of the plan, which was fully funded, totaled $5.4 million as of December 31, 2016 and $5.8 million as of December 31, 2015, and is included in the accompanying COPT consolidated balance sheets in the line entitled restricted cash and marketable securities. The offsetting liability associated with the plan is adjusted to fair value at the end of each accounting period based on the fair value of the plan assets and reported in other liabilities on COPT’s consolidated balance sheets. The assets of the plan and other marketable securities that we hold are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The liability associated with the plan is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of our interest rate derivatives are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate market data and implied volatilities in such interest rates. While we determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our interest rate derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default. However, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivatives and determined that these adjustments are not significant. As a result, we determined that our interest rate derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. As discussed further in Note 6, our partners in two real estate joint ventures, LW Redstone Company, LLC and Stevens Investors, LLC, have the right to require us to acquire their respective interests at fair value; accordingly, we classify the fair value of our partners’ interests as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the mezzanine section of our consolidated balance sheets. We determine the fair value of the interests based on unobservable inputs after considering the assumptions that market participants would make in pricing the interest. We apply a discount rate to the estimated future cash flows allocable to our partners from the properties underlying the respective joint ventures. Estimated cash flows used in such analyses are based on our plans for the properties and our views of market and economic conditions, and consider items such as current and future rental rates, occupancies for the properties and comparable properties and estimated operating and capital expenditures. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other assets (excluding investing receivables) and accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short maturities of these instruments. As discussed in Note 8, we estimated the fair values of our investing receivables based on the discounted estimated future cash flows of the loans (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rates used approximate current market rates for loans with similar maturities and credit quality, and the estimated cash payments include scheduled principal and interest payments. For our disclosure of debt fair values in Note 10, we estimated the fair value of our unsecured senior notes based on quoted market rates for publicly-traded debt (categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy) and estimated the fair value of our other debt based on the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rates used approximate current market rates for loans, or groups of loans, with similar maturities and credit quality, and the estimated future payments include scheduled principal and interest payments. Fair value estimates are made as of a specific point in time, are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Settlement at such fair value amounts may not be possible and may not be a prudent management decision. For additional fair value information, please refer to Note 8 for investing receivables, Note 10 for debt and Note 11 for interest rate derivatives. COPT and Subsidiaries The tables below set forth financial assets and liabilities of COPT and its subsidiaries that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the hierarchy level of inputs used in measuring their respective fair values under applicable accounting standards (in thousands):
Description |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets(Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs(Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs(Level 3) |  | Total
December 31, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities in deferred compensation plan (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  | $ | 5,346 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,346 |
Other |  | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |
Interest rate derivatives (2) |  | — |  |  | 158 |  |  | — |  |  | 158 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,437 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,595 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan liability (3) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,437 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,437 |
Interest rate derivatives |  | — |  |  | 1,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,572 |
Redeemable preferred shares of beneficial interest (4) |  | — |  |  | 26,583 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,583 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,592 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,592 |
December 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities in deferred compensation plan (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  | $ | 5,658 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,658 |
Other |  | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105 |
Interest rate derivatives (2) |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,763 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,816 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan liability (3) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,763 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,763 |
Interest rate derivatives |  | — |  |  | 3,160 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,160 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,923 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,923 |
(1) Included in the line entitled “restricted cash and marketable securities” on COPT’s consolidated balance sheet. (2) Included in the line entitled “prepaid expenses and other assets” on COPT’s consolidated balance sheet. (3) Included in the line entitled “other liabilities” on COPT’s consolidated balance sheet. (4) See disclosure regarding our Series K Preferred Shares in Note 13. COPLP and Subsidiaries The tables below set forth financial assets and liabilities of COPLP and its subsidiaries that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the hierarchy level of inputs used in measuring their respective fair values under applicable accounting standards (in thousands):
Description |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets(Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs(Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs(Level 3) |  | Total
December 31, 2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 158 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,572 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,572 |
Redeemable preferred units of general partner (2) |  | — |  |  | 26,583 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,583 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,155 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,155 |
December 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,160 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,160 |
(1) Included in the line entitled “prepaid expenses and other assets” on COPLP’s consolidated balance sheet. (2) See disclosure regarding our Series K Preferred Units in Note 14. 2016 Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements In the first quarter of 2016, we set a goal to raise cash from sales of properties in 2016 considerably in excess of the $96.8 million in assets held for sale at December 31, 2015. The specific properties we would sell to achieve this goal had not been identified when the goal was established. Throughout 2016, we engaged in the process of identifying properties we would sell. In the first quarter of 2016, we reclassified: most of our properties in Greater Philadelphia (included in our Regional Office segment); two properties in the Fort Meade/BW Corridor sub-segment; and our remaining land holdings in Colorado Springs, Colorado (“Colorado Springs”) to held for sale and recognized $2.4 million of impairment losses. As of March 31, 2016, we had $225.9 million of assets held for sale. During the second quarter of 2016, as part of our closing process, we conducted our quarterly review of our portfolio for indicators of impairment considering the refined investment strategy of our then newly-appointed Chief Executive Officer and the goals of the asset sales program and concluded that we would: (1) not hold our operating properties in Aberdeen, Maryland (“Aberdeen”) for the long-term; (2) not develop commercial properties on land in Frederick, Maryland; (3) sell specific properties in our Northern Virginia Defense/IT and Fort Meade/BW Corridor sub-segments; and (4) sell the remaining operating property in Greater Philadelphia that had not previously been classified as held for sale. Accordingly, we performed recoverability analyses for each of these properties and recorded the following impairment losses:
• | $34.4 million on operating properties in Aberdeen (included in our Other segment). After shortening our estimated holding period for these properties, we determined that the carrying amount of the properties would not likely be recovered from the operation and eventual dispositions of the properties during the shortened holding period. Accordingly, we adjusted the properties to their estimated fair values;
• | $4.4 million on land in Aberdeen. In performing our analysis related to the operating properties in Aberdeen, we determined that the weakening leasing and overall commercial real estate conditions in that market indicated that our land holdings in the market may be impaired. As a result, we determined that the carrying amount of the land was not recoverable and adjusted the land to its estimated fair value;
• | $8.2 million on land in Frederick, Maryland. We determined that the carrying amount of the land would not likely be recovered from its sale and adjusted the land to its estimated fair value;
• | $14.1 million on operating properties in our Northern Virginia and Fort Meade/BW Corridor sub-segments that we reclassified to held for sale during the period whose carrying amounts exceeded their estimated fair values less costs to sell;
• | $6.2 million on the property in Greater Philadelphia (included in our Regional Office segment) that we reclassified to held for sale during the period and adjusted to fair value less costs to sell; and
• | $2.4 million primarily on land in Colorado Springs and operating properties in White Marsh, Maryland (“White Marsh”) (included in our Regional Office Segment) classified as held for sale whose carrying amounts exceeded their estimated fair values less costs to sell based on updated negotiations with prospective buyers.
There were no property sales in the second quarter of 2016 and as of June 30, 2016, we had $300.6 million of assets held for sale. During the third quarter of 2016, as part of our closing process, we conducted our quarterly review of our portfolio for indicators of impairment considering refinements to our disposition strategy made during the third quarter of 2016 to sell an additional operating property in our Northern Virginia Defense/IT sub-segment, an additional operating property in our Fort Meade/BW Corridor sub-segment and our remaining operating properties and land in White Marsh that had not previously been classified as held for sale. In connection with our determinations that we planned to sell these properties, we performed recoverability analyses for each of these properties and recorded the following impairment losses:
• | $13.3 million on the operating property in our Northern Virginia Defense/IT sub-segment. Communication with a major tenant in the building during the quarter led us to conclude that there was significant uncertainty with respect to the tenant renewing its lease expiring in 2019. As a result of this information and continuing sub-market weakness, we determined that this property no longer met our long-term hold strategy and we placed it into our asset sales program. Accordingly, we adjusted the carrying amount of the property to its estimated fair value less costs to sell; and
• | $2.9 million on the other properties that we reclassified as held for sale, primarily associated with a land parcel in White Marsh. As of June 30, 2016, this land was under a sales contract subject to a re-zoning contingency. During the third quarter, we were denied favorable re-zoning and the contract was canceled. As a result, we determined this property will be sold as is, reclassified it to held for sale and adjusted its carrying value to its estimated fair value less costs to sell.
During our review we also recognized additional impairment losses of $11.5 million on properties previously classified as held for sale. Approximately $10 million of these losses pertained to properties in White Marsh due to our assessment that certain significant tenants will likely exercise lease termination rights and to reflect market conditions. The remainder of these losses pertained primarily to properties in San Antonio, Texas (in our Other segment), where prospective purchasers reduced offering prices late in the third quarter. We executed property sales of $210.7 million in the third quarter of 2016 (discussed further in Note 5), and had $161.5 million of assets held for sale as of September 30, 2016. We executed property sales of $54.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 (discussed further in Note 5), and had $94.7 million of assets held for sale as of December 31, 2016. As part of our closing process for the fourth quarter, we conducted our quarterly review of our portfolio for indicators of impairment and found there to be no impairment losses for the quarter other than additional impairment losses of $1.3 million on properties previously classified as held for sale in White Marsh, where prospective purchasers reduced offering prices, and $0.3 million of losses on properties that were sold during the period. Changes in the expected future cash flows due to changes in our plans for specific properties (especially our expected holding period) could result in the recognition of additional impairment losses. In addition, because properties held for sale are carried at the lower of carrying value or estimated fair values less costs to sell, declines in their estimated fair values due to market conditions and other factors could result in the recognition of additional impairment losses. The table below sets forth the fair value hierarchy of the valuation technique we used to determine nonrecurring fair value measurements of these assets as of December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
|  | Fair Values as of December 31, 2016 |
|  | Quoted Prices in |  |  |  | Significant |  |  |
|  | Active Markets for |  | Significant Other |  | Unobservable |  |  |
|  | Identical Assets |  | Observable Inputs |  | Inputs |  |  |
Description |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets held for sale, net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79,685 |  |  | $ | 79,685 |  |
The table below sets forth quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used for the Level 3 fair value measurements reported above as of December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):
Valuation Technique |  | Fair Values on Measurement Date |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Discounted cash flow |  | $ | 77,203 |  |  | Discount rate |  | 9.3% - 11.3% (9.9%)
|  |  |  | Terminal capitalization rate |  | 7.8% - 8.5% (8.1%)
Yield analyses |  | $ | 2,482 |  |  | Investor yield requirement |  | 9.0% (1)
(1) Only one fair value applied for this unobservable input. 2015 Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements In 2015, we recognized the following impairment losses resulting from nonrecurring fair value measurements:
• | $12.8 million on land in Colorado Springs. We classified some of this land as held for sale in the fourth quarter of 2015, at which time we adjusted the land to its estimated fair value less costs to sell. Due to the impairment loss on the land held for sale, we updated our estimates of fair value for other land owned in Colorado Springs and determined that the carrying value of some of this land exceeded such land’s estimated fair value, which resulted in recognition of an additional impairment loss;
• | $6.6 million on land in Aberdeen. After concluding during the fourth quarter that we no longer expected to develop operating properties on the land, we determined that the carrying amount of the land would not likely be recovered from the sale of this property over the likely remaining holding period. Accordingly, we adjusted the land to its estimated fair value;
• | $2.6 million on operating properties in White Marsh (included in our Regional Office segment) that we decided to sell and whose carrying amounts exceeded their estimated fair values less costs to sell. These properties were reclassified as held for sale during the year; and
• | $1.3 million on an operating property in Northern Virginia (included in our Regional Office segment) that we sold on July 27, 2015 following receipt of an unsolicited offer. This property’s carrying value exceeded its fair value less costs to sell.
2014 Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements In 2014, we recognized impairment losses totaling $1.4 million primarily in connection with certain of our operating properties in White Marsh that we decided to sell and whose carrying amounts exceeded the cash flows from the operations and sales of the properties over the shortened period. These properties were subsequently disposed during the year.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66048111&loc=d3e19207-110258 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 30 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14172-108612 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 28 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14064-108612 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13537-108611 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 16 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13504-108611 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73719730&loc=d3e13433-108611 + Details
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