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Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Matters | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Matters | Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Matters Share-Based Compensation Plans In May 2017, COPT adopted the 2017 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) following the approval of such plan by our common shareholders. COPT may issue equity-based awards under this plan to officers, employees, non-employee trustees and any other key persons of us and our subsidiaries, as defined in the plan. The plan provides for a maximum of 3.4 million common shares in COPT to be issued in the form of options, share appreciation rights, restricted share unit awards, restricted share awards, unrestricted share awards, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards and for the granting of cash-based awards. In November 2018, we amended the 2017 Plan to provide for the future grant of awards in the form of Profit Interest Units, which will be similar to restricted shares and PSUs, except that upon vesting recipients will receive common units in COPLP. This plan expires on May 11, 2027. In May 2010, COPT adopted the Amended and Restated 2008 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan following the approval of such plan by our common shareholders. This plan, which was replaced by the 2017 Plan, provided for the award of options, share appreciation rights, deferred share awards, restricted share awards, unrestricted share awards, performance shares, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards and for the granting of cash-based awards. Awards under these plans to nonemployee Trustees generally vest on the first anniversary of the grant date provided that the Trustee remains in his or her position. Awards granted to employees vest based on increments and over periods of time set forth under the terms of the respective awards provided that the employees remain employed by us. Options expire ten years after the date of grant. Shares for each of the share-based compensation plans are issued under registration statements on Form S-8 that became effective upon filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In connection with awards of common shares granted by COPT under such share-based compensation plans, COPLP issues to COPT an equal number of equity instruments with identical terms. The table below sets forth our reporting for share based compensation cost (in thousands):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
General, administrative and leasing expenses |  | $ | 5,415 |  |  | $ | 4,649 |  |  | $ | 5,816 |
Property operating expenses |  | 961 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 1,027 |
Capitalized to development activities |  | 587 |  |  | 480 |  |  | 610 |
Share-based compensation cost |  | $ | 6,963 |  |  | $ | 6,095 |  |  | $ | 7,453 |
The amounts included in our consolidated statements of operations for share-based compensation reflected an estimate of pre-vesting forfeitures of 0% for PSUs and deferred share awards and 0% to 6% for restricted shares. As of December 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested awards included:
• | $7.9 million on restricted shares expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years;
• | $1.7 million on PSUs expected to be recognized over a weighted average performance period of approximately two years; and
• | $137,000 on deferred share awards expected to be recognized through May 2019.
Our TRS is subject to Federal and state income taxes. We realized a windfall tax loss of $13,000 in 2017 and $331,000 in 2016 on options exercised and vesting restricted shares in connection with employees of that subsidiary. Restricted Shares The following table summarizes restricted shares under the share-based compensation plans for 2016, 2017 and 2018:
|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2015 |  | 378,200 |  |  | $ | 27.58 |
Granted |  | 231,937 |  |  | 24.77 |
Forfeited |  | (22,907 | ) |  | 25.31 |
Vested |  | (215,983 | ) |  | 27.19 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2016 |  | 371,247 |  |  | 26.20 |
Granted |  | 239,479 |  |  | 33.84 |
Forfeited |  | (27,056 | ) |  | 27.80 |
Vested |  | (158,044 | ) |  | 26.27 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2017 |  | 425,626 |  |  | 30.37 |
Granted |  | 219,716 |  |  | 25.62 |
Forfeited |  | (25,419 | ) |  | 30.02 |
Vested |  | (181,238 | ) |  | 29.49 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2018 |  | 438,685 |  |  | $ | 28.38 |
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2018 that are expected to vest |  | 413,273 |  |  | $ | 28.35 |
The aggregate intrinsic value of restricted shares that vested was $4.6 million in 2018, $5.3 million in 2017 and $5.4 million in 2016. PSUs We made the following grants of PSUs to executives from 2014 through 2018 (dollars in thousands):
Grant Date |  | Number of PSUs Granted |  | Performance Period Commencement Date |  | Performance Period End Date |  | Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of PSUs Outstanding as of December 31, 2018
3/6/2014 |  | 49,103 |  |  | 1/1/2014 |  | 12/31/2016 |  | $ | 1,723 |  |  | — |
3/5/2015 |  | 45,656 |  |  | 1/1/2015 |  | 12/31/2017 |  | $ | 1,678 |  |  | — |
3/1/2016 |  | 26,299 |  |  | 1/1/2016 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | 24,850 |
1/1/2017 |  | 39,351 |  |  | 1/1/2017 |  | 12/31/2019 |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | 39,351 |
1/1/2018 |  | 59,110 |  |  | 1/1/2018 |  | 12/31/2020 |  | $ | 1,890 |  |  | 59,110 |
In 2017, we also modified certain provisions of the PSUs granted in 2015, 2016 and 2017, resulting in incremental compensation cost totaling $236,000 based on the difference between the pre-modification and post-modification award fair values on the date of modification. The PSUs each have three-year performance periods concluding on the earlier of the respective performance period end dates set forth above or the date of: (1) termination by us without cause, death or disability of the executive or constructive discharge of the executive (collectively, “qualified termination”); or (2) a sale event. The number of PSUs earned (“earned PSUs”) at the end of the performance period will be determined based on the percentile rank of COPT’s total shareholder return relative to a peer group of companies, as set forth in the following schedule:
Percentile Rank |  | Earned PSUs Payout %
75th or greater |  | 200% of PSUs granted
50th or greater |  | 100% of PSUs granted
25th or greater |  | 50% of PSUs granted
Below 25th |  | 0% of PSUs granted
If the percentile rank exceeds the 25th percentile and is between two of the percentile ranks set forth in the table above, then the percentage of the earned PSUs will be interpolated between the ranges set forth in the table above to reflect any performance between the listed percentiles. At the end of the performance period, we will settle the award by issuing fully-vested COPT shares equal to the number of earned PSUs in settlement of the award plan and either:
• | for awards granted January 1, 2017 and prior thereto, issuing fully-vested COPT shares equal to the aggregate dividends that would have been paid with respect to the common shares issued in settlement of the earned PSUs through the date of settlement had such shares been issued on the grant date, divided by the share price on such settlement date, as defined under the terms of the agreement; or
• | for awards issued subsequent to January 1, 2017, paying cash equal to the aggregate dividends that would have been paid with respect to the common shares issued in settlement of the earned PSUs through the date of settlement had such shares been issued on the grant date.
If a performance period ends due to a sale event or qualified termination, the number of earned PSUs is prorated based on the portion of the three-year performance period that has elapsed. If employment is terminated by the employee or by us for cause, all PSUs are forfeited. PSUs do not carry voting rights. Based on COPT’s total shareholder return relative to its peer group of companies:
• | for the 2014 and 2015 PSUs issued to a former executive who departed on March 31, 2016, we issued 10,326 common shares on May 30, 2016 in settlement of such PSUs;
• | for the 2014 and 2015 PSUs issued to a former executive who departed on May 12, 2016, we issued 20,569 common shares on July 12, 2016 in settlement of such PSUs;
• | for the 2014, 2015 and 2016 PSUs issued to a former executive who departed on August 31, 2016, we issued 2,248 common shares on October 30, 2016 in settlement of such PSUs;
• | for the 2014 PSUs issued to Steven E. Budorick, our Chief Executive Officer, that vested on December 31, 2016, we issued 9,763 common shares in settlement of the PSUs on February 7, 2017; and
• | for the 2015 PSUs issued to executives that vested on December 31, 2017, we issued 13,328 common shares in settlement of the PSUs on February 22, 2018.
We computed grant date fair values for PSUs using Monte Carlo models and are recognizing these values over the performance periods. The grant date fair value and certain of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo models for the PSUs granted in 2016, 2017 and 2018 are set forth below:
Grant Date |  | Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Baseline Common Share Value |  | Expected Volatility of Common Shares |  | Risk-free Interest Rate
3/1/2016 |  | $ | 38.21 |  |  | $ | 23.90 |  |  | 20.4 | % |  | 0.96 | %
1/1/2017 |  | $ | 38.43 |  |  | $ | 31.22 |  |  | 19.0 | % |  | 1.47 | %
1/1/2018 |  | $ | 31.97 |  |  | $ | 29.20 |  |  | 17.0 | % |  | 2.04 | %
Deferred Share Awards We made the following grants of deferred share awards to nonemployee members of our Board of Trustees in 2016, 2017 and 2018 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
Year of Grant |  | Number of Deferred Share Awards Granted |  | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value |  | Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
2016 |  | 24,944 |  |  | $ | 671 |  |  | $ | 26.89 |
2017 |  | 10,032 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 32.47 |
2018 |  | 13,832 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 28.08 |
Deferred share awards vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, provided that the Trustee remains in his or her position. We settle deferred share awards by issuing an equivalent number of common shares upon vesting of the awards or a later date elected by the Trustee (generally upon cessation of being a Trustee). We issued the following common shares in settlement of deferred shares in 2016, 2017 and 2018 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Number of common shares issued |  | 5,515 |  |  | 15,590 |  |  | 12,028 |
Grant date fair value per share |  | $ | 29.32 |  |  | $ | 26.89 |  |  | $ | 26.70 |
Aggregate intrinsic value |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 508 |  |  | $ | 322 |
Options We have not issued options since 2009, and all of our options were vested and fully expensed prior to 2018. The table below sets forth information regarding our outstanding options as of the following dates (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
|  | Options Outstanding and Exercisable |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
December 31, 2015 |  | 425,347 |  |  | $42.75 |  | 1 |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2016 |  | 201,100 |  |  | $43.35 |  | 1 |  | $ | 31 |
December 31, 2017 |  | 60,000 |  |  | $35.17 |  | 1 |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2018 |  | 30,000 |  |  | $32.52 |  | 0.4 |  | $ | — |
The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $18,000 in 2017. No options were exercised in 2018 or 2016. Executive Transition Costs Our Board of Trustees appointed Stephen E. Budorick, our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since September 2011, to become our President and Chief Executive Officer effective May 12, 2016, the date of the Company’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. On that date, our previous President and Chief Executive Officer, left the Company to pursue other interests, and he was not nominated for reelection as a Trustee. In addition, other executives departed the Company to pursue other interests effective March 31, 2016 and August 31, 2016. We recognized executive transition costs of approximately $6.5 million in 2016 primarily for termination benefits in connection with these departures.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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