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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The COPT consolidated financial statements include the accounts of COPT, the Operating Partnership, their subsidiaries and other entities in which COPT has a majority voting interest and control. The COPLP consolidated financial statements include the accounts of COPLP, its subsidiaries and other entities in which COPLP has a majority voting interest and control. We also consolidate certain entities when control of such entities can be achieved through means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) if we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of such entities. We eliminate all intercompany balances and transactions in consolidation. We use the equity method of accounting when we own an interest in an entity and can exert significant influence over but cannot control the entity’s operations. We discontinue equity method accounting if our investment in an entity (and net advances) is reduced to zero unless we have guaranteed obligations of the entity or are otherwise committed to provide further financial support for the entity. When we own an equity investment in an entity and cannot exert significant influence over its operations, we measure the investment at fair value, with changes recognized through net income. For an investment without a readily determinable fair value, we measure the investment at cost, less any impairments, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. These interim financial statements should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments that are necessary, in the opinion of management, to fairly state our financial position and results of operations. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the accounting policies described in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K as updated for our adoption of recent accounting pronouncements discussed below. Reclassifications We reclassified certain amounts from prior periods to conform to the current period presentation of our consolidated financial statements with no effect on previously reported net income or equity. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that changes how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance replaces the current incurred loss model with an expected loss approach, resulting in a more timely recognition of such losses. The guidance applies to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables (excluding those arising from operating leases), loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases and off-balance-sheet credit exposures (e.g. loan commitments and guarantees). Under this guidance, we recognize an estimate of our expected credit losses on these asset types as an allowance, as the guidance requires that financial assets be measured on an amortized cost basis and be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective transition method under which we recognized a $5.5 million allowance for credit losses by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to cumulative distributions in excess of net income of the Company (or common units of the Operating Partnership), and did not adjust prior comparative reporting periods. Our consolidated statements of operations reflect adjustments for changes in our expected credit losses occurring subsequent to adoption of this guidance. Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB that modifies disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The resulting changes in disclosure did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB that aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. FASB guidance did not previously address the accounting for such implementation costs. Our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Credit Losses, Financial Assets and Other Instruments As discussed above, effective January 1, 2020, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB that changed how we measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments not measured at fair value through net income from an incurred loss model to an expected loss approach. Our items within the scope of this guidance included the following:
• | investing receivables, as disclosed in Note 7;
• | tenant notes receivable;
• | other assets comprised of non-lease revenue related accounts receivable (primarily from construction contract services) and contract assets from unbilled construction contract revenue; and
• | off-balance sheet credit exposures, which included $4.8 million in unfunded commitments to fund tenant loans and a tax incremental financing obligation disclosed in Note 17.
Under this guidance, we recognize an estimate of our expected credit losses on these items as an allowance, as the guidance requires that financial assets be measured on an amortized cost basis and be presented at the net amount expected to be collected (or as a separate liability in the case of off-balance sheet credit exposures). The allowance represents the portion of the amortized cost basis that we do not expect to collect (or loss we expect to incur in the case of off-balance sheet credit exposures) due to credit over the contractual life based on available information relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows, which includes consideration of past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions (including consideration of asset- or borrower-specific factors). The guidance requires the allowance for expected credit losses to reflect the risk of loss, even when that risk is remote. An allowance for credit losses is measured and recorded upon the initial recognition of a financial asset (or off-balance sheet credit exposures), regardless of whether it is originated or purchased. Quarterly, the expected losses are re-estimated, considering any cash receipts and changes in risks or assumptions, with resulting adjustments recognized in the line entitled “credit loss expense” on our consolidated statements of operations. We estimate expected credit losses for in-scope items using historical loss rate information developed for varying classifications of credit risk and contractual lives of such items. Due to our limited quantity of items within the scope of this guidance and the unique risk characteristics of such items, we individually assign each in-scope item a credit risk classification. The credit risk classifications assigned by us are determined based on credit ratings assigned by ratings agencies (as available) or are internally-developed based on available financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, other publicly available information and current economic trends. In addition, for certain items in which the risk of credit loss is affected by the economic performance of a real estate development project, we develop probability weighted scenario analyses for varying levels of performance in estimating our credit loss allowance (applicable to our investing receivable from the City of Huntsville disclosed in Note 7 and a tax incremental financing obligation disclosed in Note 17). The table below sets forth the activity for the allowance for credit losses (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
| Investing Receivables |  | Tenant Notes Receivable (1) |  | Other Assets (2) |  | Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures (3) |  | Total
December 31, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (97 | )
Cumulative effect of change for adoption of credit loss guidance | (3,732 | ) |  | (325 | ) |  | (144 | ) |  | (1,340 | ) |  | (5,541 | )
Credit loss expense | 134 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (77 | ) |  | (769 | ) |  | (689 | )
March 31, 2020 | $ | (3,598 | ) |  | $ | (399 | ) |  | $ | (221 | ) |  | $ | (2,109 | ) |  | $ | (6,327 | )
(1) | Included in the line entitled “accounts receivable, net” on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2) The balance as of March 31, 2020 included $181,000 in the line entitled “accounts receivable, net” and $40,000 in the line entitled “prepaid expenses and other assets, net” on our consolidated balance sheets. (3) Included in the line entitled “other liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets. Most of our credit loss expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was attributable to a new commitment to fund a tenant note receivable for improvements in a property. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of our investing receivables and tenants notes receivable by credit risk classification, by origination year as of March 31, 2020 (in thousands):
| Origination Year |  |
| 2015 and Earlier |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | Total as of March 31, 2020
Investing receivables: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit risk classification: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade | $ | 59,833 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 866 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 60,699 |
Non-investment grade | 3,020 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,076 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,096 |
Total | $ | 62,853 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 866 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,076 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,795 |
Tenant notes receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit risk classification: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,299 |
Non-investment grade | 97 |  |  | 219 |  |  | — |  |  | 185 |  |  | 2,079 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,580 |
Total | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,285 |  |  | $ | 2,179 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,879 |
Our investment grade credit risk classification represents entities with investment grade credit ratings from ratings agencies (such as Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or Fitch Ratings Ltd.), meaning that they are considered to have at least an adequate capacity to meet their financial commitments, with credit risk ranging from minimal to moderate. Our non-investment grade credit risk classification represents entities with either no credit agency credit ratings or ratings deemed to be sub-investment grade; we believe that there is significantly more credit risk associated with this classification. An insignificant portion of the investing and tenant notes receivables set forth above were past due, which we define as being delinquent by more than three months from the due date. When we believe that collection of interest income on an investing or tenant note receivable is not probable, we place the receivable on nonaccrual status, meaning interest income is recognized when payments are received rather than on an accrual basis. We had a tenant note receivable on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 with an amortized cost basis of $97,000, which was fully reserved as of each date. We did not recognize any interest income during the three months ended March 31, 2020 on receivables on nonaccrual status. We write off receivables when we believe the facts and circumstances indicate that continued pursuit of collection is no longer warranted. When cash is received in connection with receivables for which we have previously recognized credit losses, we recognize reductions in our credit loss expense.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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