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Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Matters | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Matters | Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Matters Share-Based Compensation Plans In May 2017, COPT adopted the 2017 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) following the approval of such plan by our common shareholders. COPT may issue equity-based awards under this plan to officers, employees, non-employee trustees and any other key persons of us and our subsidiaries, as defined in the plan. The plan provides for a maximum of 3.4 million common shares in COPT to be issued in the form of options, share appreciation rights, restricted share unit awards, restricted share awards, unrestricted share awards, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards and for the granting of cash-based awards. In November 2018, we amended the 2017 Plan to provide for the future grant of awards in the form of PIUs; PIUs are a special class of common unit structured to qualify as “profit interests” for tax purposes which are similar to restricted shares and PSUs, except that upon vesting recipients will receive common units in COPLP. This plan expires on May 11, 2027. Shares for the 2017 Plan are issued under a registration statement on Form S-8 that became effective upon filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In connection with awards of common shares granted by COPT under the 2017 Plan, COPLP issues to COPT an equal number of equity instruments with identical terms. The table below sets forth our reporting for share based compensation cost (in thousands):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
General, administrative and leasing expenses |  | $ | 5,385 |  |  | $ | 5,748 |  |  | $ | 5,415 |
Property operating expenses |  | 1,119 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 961 |
Capitalized to development activities |  | 556 |  |  | 742 |  |  | 587 |
Share-based compensation cost |  | $ | 7,060 |  |  | $ | 7,456 |  |  | $ | 6,963 |
The amounts included in our consolidated statements of operations for share-based compensation reflected an estimate of pre-vesting forfeitures of 0% for PSUs, PIUs and deferred share awards and 0% to 8% for restricted shares. As of December 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested awards included: •$5.6 million on restricted shares expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years; •$2.2 million on performance-based PIUs (“PB-PIUs”) expected to be recognized over a weighted average performance period of approximately two years; •$2.1 million on time-based PIUs (“TB-PIUs”) expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately three years; and •$121,000 on deferred share awards expected to be recognized through October 2021. Restricted Shares The following table summarizes restricted shares under the share-based compensation plans for 2018, 2019 and 2020:
|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2017 |  | 425,626 |  |  | $ | 30.37 |
Granted |  | 219,716 |  |  | 25.62 |
Forfeited |  | (25,419) |  |  | 30.02 |
Vested |  | (181,238) |  |  | 29.49 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2018 |  | 438,685 |  |  | 28.38 |
Granted |  | 195,520 |  |  | 26.56 |
Forfeited |  | (56,341) |  |  | 29.44 |
Vested |  | (185,001) |  |  | 28.01 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2019 |  | 392,863 |  |  | 27.49 |
Granted |  | 166,918 |  |  | 25.22 |
Forfeited |  | (25,773) |  | (1) | 27.12 |
Vested |  | (173,191) |  |  | 28.14 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2020 |  | 360,817 |  |  | $ | 26.16 |
Unvested shares as of December 31, 2020 that are expected to vest |  | 330,605 |  |  | $ | 26.14 |
(1)Includes 9,064 restricted shares previously awarded to our former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer that were forfeited upon his resignation. Restricted shares granted to employees vest based on increments and over periods of time set forth under the terms of the respective awards provided that the employee remains employed by us. Restricted shares granted to non-employee Trustees vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, provided that the Trustee remains in his or her position. The aggregate intrinsic value of restricted shares that vested was $4.4 million in 2020, $4.9 million in 2019 and $4.6 million in 2018. PIUs Commencing in 2019, we offered our executives and Trustees the opportunity to select PIUs as a form of long-term compensation in lieu of, or in combination with, other forms of share-based compensation awards (restricted shares, deferred share awards and PSUs). Our executives and certain of our Trustees selected PIUs as their form of share-based compensation for their 2019 and 2020 grants. We granted two forms of PIUs: TB-PIUs; and PB-PIUs. TB-PIUs are subject to forfeiture restrictions until the end of the requisite service period, at which time the TB-PIUs automatically convert into vested PIUs. PB-PIUs are subject to a market condition in that the number of earned awards are determined at the end of the performance period (as described further below) and then settled in vested PIUs. Vested PIUs carry substantially the same rights to redemption and distributions as non-PIU common units. TB-PIUs TB-PIUs granted to executives vest based on increments and over periods of time set forth under the terms of the respective awards provided that the employee remains employed by us. TB-PIUs granted to non-employee Trustees vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, provided that the Trustee remains in his or her position. Prior to vesting, TB-PIUs carry substantially the same rights to distributions as non-PIU common units but carry no redemption rights. The following table summarizes TB-PIUs under the share-based compensation plan for 2019 and 2020:
|  | Number of TB-PIUs |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2018 |  | — |  |  | N/A
Granted |  | 61,820 |  |  | $ | 26.01 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2019 |  | 61,820 |  |  | 26.01 |
Granted |  | 98,318 |  |  | 25.47 |
Forfeited |  | (20,622) |  | (1) | 25.50 |
Vested |  | (25,182) |  |  | 26.30 |
Unvested as of December 31, 2020 |  | 114,334 |  |  | $ | 25.57 |
Unvested TB-PIUs as of December 31, 2020 that are expected to vest |  | 114,334 |  |  | $ | 25.57 |
(1)Represents TB-PIUs previously awarded to our former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer that were forfeited upon his resignation. The aggregate intrinsic value of TB-PIUs that vested was $640,000 in 2020. PB-PIUs We made the following grants of PB-PIUs to executives in 2019 and 2020: (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
Grant Date |  | Number of PB-PIUs Granted |  | Performance Period Commencement Date |  | Performance Period End Date |  | Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of PB-PIUs Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 (1)
1/1/2019 |  | 193,682 |  |  | 1/1/2019 |  | 12/31/2021 |  | $ | 2,415 |  |  | 156,104 |
1/1/2020 |  | 176,758 |  |  | 1/1/2020 |  | 12/31/2022 |  | $ | 2,891 |  |  | 141,152 |
(1)Excludes 73,184 PB-PIUs previously awarded to our former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer that were forfeited upon his resignation. The PB-PIUs each have a three-year performance period concluding on the earlier of the respective performance period end dates, or the date of: (1) termination by us without cause, death or disability of the executive or constructive discharge of the executive (collectively, “qualified termination”); or (2) a sale event. The number of earned awards at the end of the performance period will be determined based on the percentile rank of COPT’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to a peer group of companies, as set forth in the following schedule:
Percentile Rank |  | Earned Awards Payout %
75th or greater |  | 100% of PB-PIUs granted
50th (target) |  | 50% of PB-PIUs granted
25th |  | 25% of PB-PIUs granted
Below 25th |  | 0% of PB-PIUs granted
If the percentile rank exceeds the 25th percentile and is between two of the percentile ranks set forth in the table above, then the percentage of the earned awards will be interpolated between the ranges set forth in the table above to reflect any performance between the listed percentiles. If COPT’s TSR during the measurement period is negative, the maximum number of earned awards will be limited to the target level payout percentage. During the performance period, PB-PIUs carry rights to distributions equal to 10% of the distribution rights of non-PIU common units but carry no redemption rights. At the end of the performance period, we will settle the award by issuing vested PIUs equal to the number of earned awards in settlement of the award plan and paying cash equal to the excess, if any, of: the aggregate distributions that would have been paid with respect to vested PIUs issued in settlement of the earned awards through the date of settlement had such vested PIUs been issued on the grant date; over the aggregate distributions made on the PB-PIUs during the performance period. If a performance period ends due to a sale event or qualified termination, the number of earned awards is prorated based on the portion of the three-year performance period that has elapsed. If employment is terminated by the employee or by us for cause, all PB-PIUs are forfeited. We computed grant date fair values for PB-PIUs using Monte Carlo models and are recognizing these values over the respective performance periods. The grant date fair value and certain of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo models for the PB-PIUs granted in 2019 and 2020 are set forth below:
Grant Date |  | Grant Date Fair Value Per PB-PIU |  | Baseline Common Share Value |  | Expected Volatility of Common Shares |  | Risk-free Interest Rate
1/1/2019 |  | $ | 12.47 |  |  | $ | 21.03 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | 2.51 | %
1/1/2020 |  | $ | 16.36 |  |  | $ | 29.38 |  |  | 18.0 | % |  | 1.65 | %
PSUs We made the following grants of PSUs to executives from 2016 through 2018 (dollars in thousands):
Grant Date |  | Number of PSUs Granted |  | Performance Period Commencement Date |  | Performance Period End Date |  | Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of PSUs Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 |
3/1/2016 |  | 26,299 |  |  | 1/1/2016 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | — |  |
1/1/2017 |  | 39,351 |  |  | 1/1/2017 |  | 12/31/2019 |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | — |  |
1/1/2018 |  | 59,110 |  |  | 1/1/2018 |  | 12/31/2020 |  | $ | 1,890 |  |  | 46,912 |  | (1)
(1)Excludes 12,198 PSUs previously awarded to our former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer that were forfeited upon his resignation. The PSUs each had three-year performance periods concluding on the earlier of the respective performance period end dates set forth above or the date of: (1) termination by us without cause, death or disability of the executive or constructive discharge of the executive (collectively, “qualified termination”); or (2) a sale event. The number of PSUs earned (“earned PSUs”) at the end of the performance period were determined based on the percentile rank of COPT’s TSR relative to a peer group of companies, as set forth in the following schedule:
Percentile Rank |  | Earned PSUs Payout %
75th or greater |  | 200% of PSUs granted
50th (target) |  | 100% of PSUs granted
25th |  | 50% of PSUs granted
Below 25th |  | 0% of PSUs granted
If the percentile rank exceeded the 25th percentile and was between two of the percentile ranks set forth in the table above, then the percentage of the earned PSUs was interpolated between the ranges set forth in the table above to reflect any performance between the listed percentiles. At the end of the performance period, we settled the award by issuing fully-vested COPT shares equal to the number of earned PSUs in settlement of the award plan and either: •for awards granted January 1, 2017 and prior thereto, issuing fully-vested COPT shares equal to the aggregate dividends that would have been paid with respect to the common shares issued in settlement of the earned PSUs through the date of settlement had such shares been issued on the grant date, divided by the share price on such settlement date, as defined under the terms of the agreement; or •for awards issued subsequent to January 1, 2017, paying cash equal to the aggregate dividends that would have been paid with respect to the common shares issued in settlement of the earned PSUs through the date of settlement had such shares been issued on the grant date. If a performance period ends due to a sale event or qualified termination, the number of earned PSUs was prorated based on the portion of the three-year performance period that had elapsed. If employment was terminated by the employee or by us for cause, all PSUs were forfeited. PSUs do not carry voting rights. Based on COPT’s TSR relative to its peer group of companies: •for the 2016 PSUs issued to executives that vested on December 31, 2018, we issued 44,757 common shares in settlement of the PSUs on January 18, 2019; •for the 2017 PSUs issued to executives that vested on December 31, 2019, we issued 23,181 common shares in settlement of the PSUs on January 13, 2020; and •for the 2018 PSUs issued to executives that vested on December 31, 2020, we issued 93,824 common shares in settlement of the PSUs on February 3, 2021. We computed grant date fair values for PSUs using Monte Carlo models and recognized these values over the performance periods. The 2018 grant date fair value of $31.97 was computed using a Monte Carlo model that included the following assumptions: baseline common share value of $29.20; expected volatility for common shares of 17.0%; and a risk-free interest rate of 2.04%. Deferred Share Awards We made the following grants of deferred share awards to nonemployee members of our Board of Trustees in 2018, 2019 and 2020 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
Year of Grant |  | Number of Deferred Share Awards Granted |  | Aggregate Grant Date Fair Value |  | Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
2018 |  | 13,832 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 28.08 |
2019 |  | 3,432 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 27.60 |
2020 |  | 10,679 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 23.68 |
Deferred share awards vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, provided that the Trustee remains in his or her position. We settle deferred share awards by issuing an equivalent number of common shares upon vesting of the awards or a later date elected by the Trustee (generally upon cessation of being a Trustee). We issued the following common shares in settlement of deferred shares in 2018, 2019 and 2020 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
Year of Settlement |  | Number of Common Shares Issued |  | Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
2018 |  | 5,515 |  |  | $ | 29.32 |  |  | $ | 154 |
2019 |  | 3,097 |  |  | $ | 26.77 |  |  | $ | 86 |
2020 |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | N/A
OptionsWe have not issued options since 2009, the last of which expired in 2019, and all of our options were vested and fully expensed prior to 2018.

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