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Segment Reporting
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting
Segment Reporting
The Company has two reporting business segments: Insurance and Reinsurance. In addition to the way the Company manages its business, the Company has considered similarities in economic characteristics, products, customers, distribution, the regulatory environment of the Company’s business segments and quantitative thresholds to determine the Company’s reportable segments. Segment profit or loss for each of the Company’s business segments is measured by underwriting profit or loss. Underwriting profit is the excess of net earned premiums over the sum of losses and loss expenses, amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and general and administrative expenses. Underwriting profit or loss provides a basis for management to evaluate the business segment’s underwriting performance.
Reinsurance Segment. The reinsurance segment consists of property catastrophe reinsurance (including the business written through Aspen Capital Markets), other property reinsurance (risk excess, pro rata and facultative), casualty reinsurance (U.S. treaty, international treaty and global facultative) and specialty insurance and reinsurance (credit and surety, mortgage reinsurance and insurance, agriculture insurance and reinsurance, marine, aviation, terrorism, engineering, cyber and other specialty lines). ACM forms part of our property catastrophe reinsurance line of business as it focuses primarily on property catastrophe business through the use of alternative capital. For a more detailed description of this business segment, see Part I, Item 1, “Business — Business Segments — Reinsurance” in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Insurance Segment. The insurance segment consists of property and casualty insurance, marine, aviation and energy insurance and financial and professional lines insurance. For a more detailed description of this business segment, see Part I, Item 1 “Business — Business Segments — Insurance” in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Non-underwriting Disclosures. The Company has provided additional disclosures for corporate and other (non-underwriting) income and expenses. Corporate and other income and expenses include net investment income, net realized and unrealized investment gains or losses, expenses associated with managing the Group, certain strategic and non-recurring costs, changes in fair value of derivatives and changes in fair value of the loan notes issued by variable interest entities, interest expenses, net realized and unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses, and income taxes, none of which are allocated to the business segments. Corporate expenses are not allocated to the Company’s business segments as they typically do not fluctuate with the levels of premiums written and are not directly related to the Company’s business segment operations. The Company does not allocate its assets by business segment as it evaluates underwriting results of each business segment separately from the results of the Company’s investment portfolio.
The following tables provide a summary of gross and net written and earned premiums, underwriting results, ratios and reserves for each of the Company’s business segments for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
 
Reinsurance
 
Insurance
 
Total
 
 
($ in millions)
 
Underwriting Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross written premiums
$
565.3

 
$
432.7

 
$
998.0

 
Net written premiums
448.2

 
238.0

 
686.2

 
Gross earned premiums
327.6

 
423.7

 
751.3

 
Net earned premiums
277.5

 
303.6

 
581.1

 
Underwriting Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
143.1

 
185.1

 
328.2

 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
59.5

 
54.2

 
113.7

 
General and administrative expenses
43.9

 
61.8

 
105.7

 
Underwriting income
$
31.0

 
$
2.5

 
33.5

 
Corporate expenses
 
 
 
 
(13.4
)
 
Non-operating expenses
 
 
 
 
(2.2
)
 
Net investment income
 
 
 
 
47.7

 
Realized and unrealized investment gains
 
 
 
 
51.2

 
Realized and unrealized investment losses
 
 
 
 
(5.0
)
 
Change in fair value of loan notes issued by variable interest entities
 
 
 
 
(2.9
)
 
Change in fair value of derivatives
 
 
 
 
3.1

 
Interest expense on long term debt
 
 
 
 
(7.4
)
 
Net realized and unrealized foreign exchange gains
 
 
 
 
(8.9
)
 
Net other income
 
 
 
 
3.6

 
Income before tax
 
 
 
 
$
99.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net reserves for loss and loss adjustment expenses
$
2,445.4

 
$
2,284.7

 
$
4,730.1

 
Ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss ratio
51.6
%
 
61.0
%
 
56.5
%
 
Policy acquisition expense ratio
21.4

 
17.9

 
19.6

 
General and administrative expense ratio
15.8

 
20.4

 
20.9

(1) 
Expense ratio
37.2

 
38.3

 
40.5

 
Combined ratio
88.8
%
 
99.3
%
 
97.0
%
 
 
(1) 
The general and administrative expense ratio in the total column includes corporate expenses and non-operating expenses.
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
 
 
Reinsurance
 
Insurance
 
Total
 
 
( $ in millions)
 
Underwriting Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross written premiums
$
517.6

 
$
458.1

 
$
975.7

 
Net written premiums
449.5

 
350.2

 
799.7

 
Gross earned premiums
306.8

 
445.6

 
752.4

 
Net earned premiums
280.3

 
382.8

 
663.1

 
Underwriting Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
134.5

 
222.9

 
357.4

 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
59.4

 
70.8

 
130.2

 
General and administrative expenses
44.1

 
58.6

 
102.7

 
Underwriting income
$
42.3

 
$
30.5

 
72.8

 
Corporate expenses
 
 
 
 
(17.1
)
 
Net investment income
 
 
 
 
49.5

 
Realized and unrealized investment gains
 
 
 
 
65.6

 
Realized and unrealized investment losses
 
 
 
 
(20.6
)
 
Change in fair value of loan notes issued by variable interest entities
 
 
 
 
(4.4
)
 
Change in fair value of derivatives
 
 
 
 
(7.2
)
 
Interest expense on long term debt
 
 
 
 
(7.4
)
 
Net realized and unrealized foreign exchange (losses)
 
 
 
 
(15.7
)
 
Net other income
 
 
 
 
1.4

 
Income before tax
 
 
 
 
$
116.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net reserves for loss and loss adjustment expenses
$
2,433.0

 
$
2,212.5

 
$
4,645.5

 
Ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss ratio
48.0
%
 
58.2
%
 
53.9
%
 
Policy acquisition expense ratio
21.2

 
18.5

 
19.6

 
General and administrative expense ratio
15.7

 
15.3

 
18.1

(1) 
Expense ratio
36.9

 
33.8

 
37.7

 
Combined ratio
84.9
%
 
92.0
%
 
91.6
%
 
 
(1) 
The general and administrative expense ratio in the total column includes corporate expenses.

The Company uses underwriting ratios as measures of performance. The loss ratio is the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The policy acquisition expense ratio is the ratio of amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs to net earned premiums. The general and administrative expense ratio is the ratio of general, administrative and corporate expenses to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio, the policy acquisition expense ratio and the general and administrative expense ratio.