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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Financial Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the level within the fair value hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis as at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
As at September 30, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
1,387.8

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,387.8

U.S. agency

 
46.4

 

 
46.4

Municipal

 
52.1

 

 
52.1

Corporate

 
2,266.0

 

 
2,266.0

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 
90.8

 

 
90.8

Non-U.S. government
270.4

 
135.0

 

 
405.4

Asset-backed

 
18.5

 

 
18.5

Agency mortgage-backed

 
909.4

 

 
909.4

Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
1,658.2

 
3,518.2

 

 
5,176.4

Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
109.9

 
10.5

 

 
120.4

Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
165.9

 

 

 
165.9

Municipal

 
20.7

 

 
20.7

Corporate

 
874.9

 

 
874.9

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 

 

 

Non-U.S. government
49.4

 
178.1

 

 
227.5

Asset-backed

 
4.9

 

 
4.9

Agency mortgage-backed

 
113.3

 

 
113.3

Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
215.3

 
1,191.9

 

 
1,407.2

Short-term investments trading, at fair value
0.5

 
3.8

 

 
4.3

Equity investments trading, at fair value

 

 

 

Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value

 
37.4

 

 
37.4

Other investments (1)

 

 

 
100.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives at fair value — foreign exchange contracts

 
6.4

 

 
6.4

Liabilities under derivative contracts — foreign exchange contracts

 
(3.1
)
 

 
(3.1
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value (included within accrued expenses and other payables)

 

 
(12.3
)
 
(12.3
)
Total
$
1,983.9

 
$
4,765.1

 
$
(12.3
)
 
$
6,837.2


(1) 
Other investments represents our investment in a real estate fund and is measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. As a result this has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The investment the real estate fund is subject to restrictions as detailed in Note 16.
Transfers of assets into or out of a particular level are recorded at their fair values as of the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. There were no significant transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The Company settled $78.4 million of Level 3 liabilities in respect of the Loan Notes issued by Silverton for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. As at September 30, 2018, there were no the assets classified as Level 3 and the Company’s Level 3 liabilities consisted solely of the Loan Notes issued by Silverton.
 
As at December 31, 2017
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
1,159.4

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,159.4

U.S. agency

 
52.1

 

 
52.1

Municipal

 
54.9

 

 
54.9

Corporate

 
2,415.7

 

 
2,415.7

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 
91.3

 

 
91.3

Non-U.S. government
341.2

 
143.7

 

 
484.9

Asset-backed

 
26.2

 

 
26.2

Agency mortgage-backed

 
946.5

 

 
946.5

Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
1,500.6

 
3,730.4

 

 
5,231.0

Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
87.3

 
2.6

 

 
89.9

Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
161.9

 

 

 
161.9

Municipal

 
32.2

 

 
32.2

Corporate

 
1,046.3

 

 
1,046.3

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 
1.0

 

 
1.0

Non-U.S. government
24.5

 
178.0

 

 
202.5

Asset-backed

 
9.9

 

 
9.9

Agency mortgage-backed

 
195.5

 

 
195.5

Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
186.4

 
1,462.9

 

 
1,649.3

Short-term investments trading, at fair value
73.0

 

 

 
73.0

Equity investments trading, at fair value
491.0

 

 

 
491.0

Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value

 
32.4

 

 
32.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives at fair value – foreign exchange contracts

 
6.4

 

 
6.4

Liabilities under derivative contracts – foreign exchange contracts

 
(1.0
)
 

 
(1.0
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value

 

 
(44.2
)
 
(44.2
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value (included within accrued expenses and other payables)

 

 
(42.4
)
 
(42.4
)
Total
$
2,338.3

 
$
5,233.7

 
$
(86.6
)
 
$
7,485.4


Reconciliation of Liabilities Using Level 3 Inputs
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
Reconciliation of Liabilities Using Level 3 Inputs
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Balance at the beginning of the period
 
 
$
25.3

 
$
115.1

Distributed to third party
 
 
(14.7
)
 
(1.4
)
Total change in fair value included in the statement of operations
 
1.7

 
(9.8
)
Balance at the end of the period (1)
 
 
$
12.3

 
$
103.9



Pricing Sources Used in Pricing Fixed Income Investments
Pricing sources used in pricing fixed income investments as at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
As at September 30, 2018
 
As at December 31, 2017
Index providers
85
%
 
84
%
Pricing services
13

 
11

Broker-dealers
2

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
Summary of Securities Priced Using Pricing Information from Index Providers
A summary of securities priced using pricing information from index providers as at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is provided below:
 
As at September 30, 2018
 
As at December 31, 2017
 
Fair Market
Value Determined
using Prices from
Index Providers
 
% of Total
Fair Value by
Security Type
 
Fair Market
Value Determined
using Prices from
Index Providers
 
% of Total
Fair Value by
Security Type
 
($ in millions, except for percentages)
U.S. government
$
1,553.6

 
100
%
 
$
1,321.3

 
100
%
U.S. agency
44.6

 
96
%
 
43.4

 
83
%
Municipal
22.3

 
31
%
 
37.4

 
43
%
Corporate
2,980.9

 
95
%
 
3,299.6

 
83
%
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate
40.0

 
44
%
 
44.0

 
48
%
Non-U.S. government
360.4

 
57
%
 
399.4

 
58
%
Asset-backed
7.7

 
33
%
 
13.5

 
37
%
Agency mortgage-backed
553.1

 
54
%
 
605.0

 
53
%
Total fixed income securities
$
5,562.6

 
85
%
 
$
5,763.6

 
84
%
Equities

 
%
 
491.0

 
100
%
Total fixed income securities and equity investments
$
5,562.6

 
85
%
 
$
6,254.6

 
85
%
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information
The observable and unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the Loan Notes as at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are presented in the tables below:
As at September 30, 2018
 
Fair Value
Level 3
 
Valuation Method
 
Observable (O) and
 Unobservable (U) inputs
 
Low
 
High
 
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Loan Notes
 
$
12.3

(1) 
Internal Valuation Model
 
Gross premiums written (O)
 
$
50.1

 
$
61.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for losses (U)
 
$
4.2

 
$
61.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract period (O)
 
N/A

 
365 days

 
 
 
 
 
 
Initial value of issuance (O)
 
$
325.0

 
$
325.0


As at December 31, 2017
 
Fair Value
Level 3
 
Valuation Method
 
Observable (O) and
 Unobservable (U) inputs
 
Low
 
High
 
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Loan Notes
 
$
86.6

(1) 
Internal Valuation Model
 
Gross premiums written (O)
 
$
50.1

 
$
61.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for losses (U)
 
$
4.2

 
$
61.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract period (O)
 
N/A

 
365 days

 
 
 
 
 
 
Initial value of issuance (O)
 
$
325.0

 
$
325.0


(1) The amounts classified within accrued expenses and other payables were $12.3 million and $42.4 million as at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.