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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Financial Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the level within the fair value hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 
As at December 31, 2018
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
 
$
1,404.2

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,404.2

U.S. agency
 

 
47.4

 

 
47.4

Municipal
 

 
47.2

 

 
47.2

Corporate
 

 
2,206.2

 

 
2,206.2

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate
 

 
93.2

 

 
93.2

Non-U.S. government
 
268.0

 
134.6

 

 
402.6

Asset-backed
 

 
17.3

 

 
17.3

Agency mortgage-backed
 

 
1,012.6

 

 
1,012.6

Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
 
1,672.2

 
3,558.5

 

 
5,230.7

Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
 
93.7

 
11.9

 

 
105.6

Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
 
147.7

 

 

 
147.7

Municipal
 

 
2.7

 

 
2.7

Corporate
 

 
720.2

 

 
720.2

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate
 

 

 

 

Non-U.S. government
 
68.2

 
197.2

 

 
265.4

Asset-backed
 

 
2.4

 

 
2.4

Agency Mortgage-Backed
 

 
49.4

 

 
49.4

Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
 
215.9

 
971.9

 

 
1,187.8

Short-term investments trading, at fair value
 
4.5

 
5.0

 

 
9.5

Equity investments trading, at fair value
 

 

 

 

Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value
 

 
36.2

 

 
36.2

Other investments (1)
 

 

 

 
102.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives at fair value — foreign exchange contracts
 

 
14.6

 

 
14.6

Liabilities under derivative contracts — foreign exchange contracts
 

 
(15.1
)
 

 
(15.1
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value
 

 

 

 

Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value (included within accrued expenses and other payables)
 

 

 
(4.6
)
 
(4.6
)
Total
 
$
1,986.3

 
$
4,583.0

 
$
(4.6
)
 
$
6,667.2

______________
(1) 
Other investments represents our investment in a real estate fund and is measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. As a result this has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table above are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The investment in the real estate fund is subject to restrictions as detailed in Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies.”
Transfers of assets into or out of a particular level are recorded at their fair values as of the end of each reporting period consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, the Company transferred $6.4 million of non-U.S. government securities from Level 1 to Level 2. There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.
The Company settled $86.4 million Level 3 liabilities in respect of the Loan Notes issued by Silverton for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. As at December 31, 2018, there were no assets classified as Level 3 and the Company’s Level 3 liabilities consisted solely of the Loan Notes issued by Silverton.
 
At December 31, 2017
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
1,159.4

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,159.4

U.S. agency

 
52.1

 

 
52.1

Municipal

 
54.9

 

 
54.9

Corporate

 
2,415.7

 

 
2,415.7

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 
91.3

 

 
91.3

Non-U.S. government
341.2

 
143.7

 

 
484.9

Asset-backed

 
26.2

 

 
26.2

Agency mortgage-backed

 
946.5

 

 
946.5

Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
1,500.6

 
3,730.4

 

 
5,231.0

Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
87.3

 
2.6

 

 
89.9

Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
161.9

 

 

 
161.9

Municipal

 
32.2

 

 
32.2

Corporate

 
1,046.3

 

 
1,046.3

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 
1.0

 

 
1.0

Non-U.S. government
24.5

 
178.0

 

 
202.5

Asset-backed

 
9.9

 

 
9.9

Agency mortgage-backed

 
195.5

 

 
195.5

Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
186.4

 
1,462.9

 

 
1,649.3

Short-term investments trading, at fair value
73.0

 

 

 
73.0

Equity investments trading, at fair value
491.0

 

 

 
491.0

Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value

 
32.4

 

 
32.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives at fair value — foreign exchange contracts

 
6.4

 

 
6.4

Liabilities under derivative contracts — foreign exchange contracts

 
(1.0
)
 

 
(1.0
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value

 

 
(44.2
)
 
(44.2
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value (included within accrued expenses and other payables)

 

 
(42.4
)
 
(42.4
)
Total
$
2,338.3

 
$
5,233.7

 
$
(86.6
)
 
$
7,485.4

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
Reconciliation of Liabilities Using Level 3 Inputs
 
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Balance at the beginning of the period (1)
 
$
86.6

 
$
223.4

Distributed to third party
 
(86.4
)
 
(115.6
)
Total change in fair value included in the statement of operations
 
4.4

 
(21.2
)
Balance at the end of the period (1) 
 
$
4.6

 
$
86.6


 ______________
(1)
The amount classified as other payables was $4.6 million and $42.4 million as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Pricing Sources Used in Pricing Fixed Income Investments
Pricing sources used in pricing fixed income investments as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
 
As at December 31, 2018
 
At December 31, 2017
Index providers
 
84
%
 
84
%
Pricing services
 
13

 
11

Broker-dealers
 
3

 
5

Total
 
100
%
 
100
%
Summary of Securities Priced Using Pricing Information from Index Providers
A summary of securities priced using pricing information from index providers as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is provided below:
 
 
As at December 31, 2018
 
At December 31, 2017
 
 
Fair Market
Value Determined
using Prices from
Index Providers
 
% of Total
Fair Value from
Index Providers
 
Fair Market
Value Determined
using Prices from
Index Providers
 
% of Total
Fair Value from
Index Providers
 
 
($ in millions, except for percentages)
U.S. government
 
$
1,551.9

 
100%
 
$
1,321.3

 
100%
U.S. agency
 
45.7

 
96%
 
43.4

 
83%
Municipal
 
14.7

 
30%
 
37.4

 
43%
Corporate
 
2,775.7

 
95%
 
3,299.6

 
83%
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate
 
43.3

 
47%
 
44.0

 
48%
Non-U.S. government
 
366.1

 
56%
 
399.4

 
58%
Asset-backed
 
7.7

 
39%
 
13.5

 
37%
Agency mortgage-backed
 
567.5

 
53%
 
605.0

 
53%
Total fixed income securities
 
$
5,372.6

 
84%
 
$
5,763.6

 
84%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equities
 
$

 
—%
 
$
491.0

 
100%
Total fixed income securities and equity investments
 
$
5,372.6

 
84%
 
$
6,254.6

 
85%
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information
The observable and unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the Loan Notes as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, are presented in the tables below:
At December 31, 2018
 
Fair Value
Level 3
 
Valuation Method
 
Observable (O) and
 Unobservable (U) inputs
 
Low
 
High
 
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Loan Notes
 
$
4.6

(1) 
Internal Valuation Model
 
Gross premiums written (O)
 
$
50.1

 
$
61.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for losses (U)
 
$
4.2

 
$
61.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract period (O)
 
N/A

 
365 days

 
 
 
 
 
 
Initial value of issuance (O)
 
$
325.0

 
$
325.0

 
At December 31, 2017
 
Fair Value
Level 3
 
Valuation Method
 
Observable (O) and
 Unobservable (U) inputs
 
Low
 
High
 
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Loan Notes
 
$
86.6

(1) 
Internal Valuation Model
 
Gross premiums written (O)
 
$
50.1

 
$
61.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for losses (U)
 
$
4.2

 
$
61.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract period (O)
 
N/A

 
365 days

 
 
 
 
 
 
Initial value of issuance (O)
 
$
325.0

 
$
325.0

 ______________
(1)
The amount classified as other payables was $4.6 million and $42.4 million as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.