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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Financial Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the level within the fair value hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis as at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
As at March 31, 2019
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
1,359.1

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,359.1

U.S. agency

 
39.5

 

 
39.5

Municipal

 
48.2

 

 
48.2

Corporate

 
2,162.7

 

 
2,162.7

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 
98.3

 

 
98.3

Non-U.S. government
224.6

 
137.0

 

 
361.6

Asset-backed

 
16.1

 

 
16.1

Agency mortgage-backed

 
955.0

 

 
955.0

Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
1,583.7

 
3,456.8

 

 
5,040.5

Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
149.4

 
11.5

 

 
160.9

Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
218.8

 

 

 
218.8

Municipal

 
3.0

 

 
3.0

Corporate

 
763.9

 

 
763.9

Non-U.S. government
48.9

 
203.6

 

 
252.5

Asset-backed

 
2.3

 

 
2.3

Agency mortgage-backed

 
48.8

 

 
48.8

Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
267.7

 
1,021.6

 

 
1,289.3

Short-term investments trading, at fair value
76.8

 
4.2

 

 
81.0

Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value

 
38.1

 

 
38.1

Other investments (1)

 

 

 
104.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives at fair value — foreign exchange contracts

 
10.8

 

 
10.8

Liabilities under derivative contracts — foreign exchange contracts

 
(7.2
)
 

 
(7.2
)
Liabilities under derivative contracts — interest rate swaps

 
(49.5
)
 

 
(49.5
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value (included within accrued expenses and other payables)

 

 
(5.9
)
 
(5.9
)
Total
$
2,077.6

 
$
4,486.3

 
$
(5.9
)
 
$
6,662.0


(1) 
Other investments represents our investment in a real estate fund and is measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. As a result this has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The investment in the real estate fund is subject to restrictions as detailed in Note 17.
Transfers of assets into or out of a particular level are recorded at their fair values as of the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. There were no significant transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
The Company settled $0.2 million of Level 3 liabilities in respect of the Loan Notes issued by Silverton for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As at March 31, 2019, there were no the assets classified as Level 3 and the Company’s Level 3 liabilities consisted solely of the Loan Notes issued by Silverton.
 
As at December 31, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
$
1,404.2

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,404.2

U.S. agency

 
47.4

 

 
47.4

Municipal

 
47.2

 

 
47.2

Corporate

 
2,206.2

 

 
2,206.2

Non-U.S. government-backed corporate

 
93.2

 

 
93.2

Non-U.S. government
268.0

 
134.6

 

 
402.6

Asset-backed

 
17.3

 

 
17.3

Agency mortgage-backed

 
1,012.6

 

 
1,012.6

Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
1,672.2

 
3,558.5

 

 
5,230.7

Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
93.7

 
11.9

 

 
105.6

Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government
147.7

 

 

 
147.7

Municipal

 
2.7

 

 
2.7

Corporate

 
720.2

 

 
720.2

Non-U.S. government
68.2

 
197.2

 

 
265.4

Asset-backed

 
2.4

 

 
2.4

Agency mortgage-backed

 
49.4

 

 
49.4

Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
215.9

 
971.9

 

 
1,187.8

Short-term investments trading, at fair value
4.5

 
5.0

 

 
9.5

Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value

 
36.2

 

 
36.2

Other investments (1)

 

 

 
102.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives at fair value – foreign exchange contracts

 
14.6

 

 
14.6

Liabilities under derivative contracts – foreign exchange contracts

 
(15.1
)
 

 
(15.1
)
Loan notes issued by variable interest entities, at fair value (included within accrued expenses and other payables)

 

 
(4.6
)
 
(4.6
)
Total
$
1,986.3

 
$
4,583.0

 
$
(4.6
)
 
$
6,667.2



Reconciliation of Liabilities Using Level 3 Inputs
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
Reconciliation of Liabilities Using Level 3 Inputs
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Balance at the beginning of the period
 
 
$
4.6

 
$
86.6

Distributed to third party
 
 
(0.2
)
 
(45.8
)
Total change in fair value included in the statement of operations
 
1.5

 
(1.0
)
Balance at the end of the period (1)
 
 
$
5.9

 
$
39.8



Pricing Sources Used in Pricing Fixed Income Investments
Pricing sources used in pricing fixed income investments as at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
As at March 31, 2019
 
As at December 31, 2018
Index providers
84
%
 
84
%
Pricing services
14

 
13

Broker-dealers
2

 
3

Total
100
%
 
100
%
Summary of Securities Priced Using Pricing Information from Index Providers
A summary of securities priced using pricing information from index providers as at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is provided below:
 
As at March 31, 2019
 
As at December 31, 2018
 
Fair Market
Value Determined
using Prices from
Index Providers
 
% of Total
Fair Value by
Security Type
 
Fair Market
Value Determined
using Prices from
Index Providers
 
% of Total
Fair Value by
Security Type
 
($ in millions, except for percentages)
U.S. government
$
1,577.9

 
100
%
 
$
1,551.9

 
100
%
U.S. agency
38.3

 
97
%
 
45.7

 
96
%
Municipal
15.5

 
30
%
 
14.7

 
30
%
Corporate
2,755.9

 
94
%
 
2,775.7

 
95
%
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate
44.1

 
45
%
 
43.3

 
47
%
Non-U.S. government
368.2

 
60
%
 
366.1

 
56
%
Asset-backed
7.8

 
42
%
 
7.7

 
39
%
Agency mortgage-backed
532.2

 
53
%
 
567.5

 
53
%
Total fixed income securities
$
5,339.9

 
84
%
 
$
5,372.6

 
84
%
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information
The observable and unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the Loan Notes as at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented in the tables below:
As at March 31, 2019
 
Fair Value
Level 3
 
Valuation Method
 
Observable (O) and
 Unobservable (U) inputs
 
Low
 
High
 
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Loan Notes
 
$
5.9

(1) 
Internal Valuation Model
 
Gross premiums written (O)
 
$
50.1

 
$
61.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for losses (U)
 
$
4.2

 
$
61.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract period (O)
 
N/A

 
365 days

 
 
 
 
 
 
Initial value of issuance (O)
 
$
325.0

 
$
325.0


As at December 31, 2018
 
Fair Value
Level 3
 
Valuation Method
 
Observable (O) and
 Unobservable (U) inputs
 
Low
 
High
 
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
Loan Notes
 
$
4.6

(1) 
Internal Valuation Model
 
Gross premiums written (O)
 
$
50.1

 
$
61.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for losses (U)
 
$
4.2

 
$
61.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract period (O)
 
N/A

 
365 days

 
 
 
 
 
 
Initial value of issuance (O)
 
$
325.0

 
$
325.0


(1) The amounts classified within accrued expenses and other payables were $5.9 million and $4.6 million as at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.