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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Financial Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the level within the fair value hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis as at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
As at December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
U.S. government$1,202.6 $— $— $1,202.6 
U.S. agency— 7.2 — 7.2 
Municipal— 128.1 — 128.1 
Corporate— 1,959.3 — 1,959.3 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 100.7 — 100.7 
Non-U.S. government200.4 73.4 — 273.8 
Agency commercial mortgage-backed— 5.8 — 5.8 
Agency residential mortgage-backed— 445.1 — 445.1 
Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
1,403.0 2,719.6 — 4,122.6 
Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
86.7 6.9 — 93.6 
Privately-held investments available for sale, at fair value— — 14.9 14.9 
Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
U.S. government245.5 — — 245.5 
Municipal— 3.1 — 3.1 
Corporate— 171.5 — 171.5 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 8.3 — 8.3 
High yield loans— 92.1 — 92.1 
Non-U.S. government13.0 21.8 — 34.8 
Asset-backed— 908.2 — 908.2 
Agency mortgage-backed— 22.2 — 22.2 
Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
258.5 1,227.2 — 1,485.7 
Short-term investments trading, at fair value
0.2 1.9 — 2.1 
Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value
— 1.6 — 1.6 
Privately-held investments trading, at fair value
— — 475.0 475.0 
Other investments (1)
— — — 209.3 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
Derivative assets — foreign exchange contracts
— 31.7 — 31.7 
Derivative liabilities — foreign exchange contracts
— (9.3)— (9.3)
Derivative liabilities — loss portfolio transfer (2)
— (16.5)(16.5)
Total
1,748.4 3,979.6 473.4 6,410.7 
________________
(1)Other investments represents our investments in investment funds operating strategies in real estate, infrastructure and lending and are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. As a result the investments are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table above are intended to permit
reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets. The investment in the funds is subject to restrictions as detailed in Note 21(a), “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.”
(2)The loss portfolio transfer contract includes a funds withheld arrangement that provides variable interest expense based on Aspen’s investment performance. As a result, the funds withheld arrangement is considered an embedded derivative and accounted for as an option-based derivative.
At December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
($ in millions)
Available for sale financial assets, at fair value
U.S. government$953.0 $— $— $953.0 
U.S. agency— 8.8 — 8.8 
Municipal— 149.5 — 149.5 
Corporate— 1,845.0 — 1,845.0 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 110.4 — 110.4 
Non-U.S. government145.3 68.3 — 213.6 
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed— 5.6 — 5.6 
Agency mortgage-backed— 502.7 — 502.7 
Total fixed income securities available for sale, at fair value
1,098.3 2,690.3 — 3,788.6 
Short-term investments available for sale, at fair value
51.9 0.1 — 52.0 
Held for trading financial assets, at fair value
U.S. government261.6 — — 261.6 
Municipal— 3.6 — 3.6 
Corporate— 162.1 — 162.1 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 11.6 — 11.6 
High yield loans— 88.3 — 88.3 
Non-U.S. government10.6 19.8 — 30.4 
Asset-backed— 896.5 — 896.5 
Agency mortgage-backed— 21.4 — 21.4 
Total fixed income securities trading, at fair value
272.2 1,203.3 — 1,475.5 
Short-term investments trading, at fair value
6.3 — — 6.3 
Catastrophe bonds trading, at fair value
— 2.9 — 2.9 
Privately-held investments
— — 533.0 533.0 
Other investments (1)
— — — 221.3 
Other financial assets and liabilities, at fair value
Derivative assets — foreign exchange contracts
— 56.2 — 56.2 
Derivative liabilities — foreign exchange contracts
— (3.2)— (3.2)
Derivative liabilities — loss portfolio transfer(2)
— — (31.7)(31.7)
Total
$1,428.7 $3,949.6 $501.3 $6,100.9 
________________
(1)Other investments represents our investments in investment funds operating strategies in real estate, infrastructure and lending and are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. As a result the investments are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table above are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets. The investment in the funds is subject to restrictions as detailed in Note 21(a), “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.”
(2)The loss portfolio transfer contract includes a funds withheld arrangement that provides variable interest expense based on Aspen’s investment performance. As a result, the funds withheld arrangement is considered an embedded derivative and accounted for as an option-based derivative.
The following tables present the level within the fair value hierarchy at which the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis as at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
As at September 30, 2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
($ in millions)
Fixed income securities, available for sale
U.S. government$1,326.4 $— $— $1,326.4 
U.S. agency— 7.4 — 7.4 
Municipal— 79.4 — 79.4 
Corporate— 1,964.2 — 1,964.2 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 144.2 — 144.2 
Non-U.S. government214.2 58.7 — 272.9 
Asset-backed— 200.1 — 200.1 
Agency commercial mortgage-backed— 4.5 — 4.5 
Agency residential mortgage-backed— 556.7 — 556.7 
Total fixed income securities, available for sale
1,540.6 3,015.2 — 4,555.8 
Short-term investments, available for sale
64.0 2.5 — 66.5 
Privately-held investments, available for sale
— — 25.3 25.3 
Fixed income securities, trading
U.S. government267.1 — — 267.1 
Municipal— 2.0 — 2.0 
Corporate— 152.6 — 152.6 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 6.3 — 6.3 
High yield loans— 107.0 — 107.0 
Non-U.S. government10.3 13.9 — 24.2 
Asset-backed— 688.7 — 688.7 
Agency mortgage-backed— 33.4 — 33.4 
Total fixed income securities, trading
277.4 1,003.9 — 1,281.3 
Short-term investments, trading
3.2 — — 3.2 
Privately-held investments, trading
— — 341.2 341.2 
Catastrophe bonds, trading
— 1.0 — 1.0 
Other investments (1)
— — — 204.7 
Other financial assets and liabilities
Derivative assets — foreign exchange contracts
— 26.0 — 26.0 
Derivative liabilities — foreign exchange contracts
— (3.1)— (3.1)
Derivative liabilities — loss portfolio transfer (2)
— — (4.6)(4.6)
Total
$1,885.2 $4,045.5 $361.9 $6,497.3 
________________
(1)Other investments represents our investments in investment funds operating strategies in real estate, infrastructure and lending and are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. As a result the investments are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table above are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets. The investment in the funds is subject to restrictions as detailed in Note 13(a), “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.”
(2)The loss portfolio transfer contract includes a funds withheld arrangement that provides variable interest expense based on Aspen’s investment performance. As a result, this funds withheld arrangement is considered an embedded derivative and accounted for as an option-based derivative.
As at December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
($ in millions)
Fixed income securities, available for sale
U.S. government$1,202.6 $— $— $1,202.6 
U.S. agency— 7.2 — 7.2 
Municipal— 128.1 — 128.1 
Corporate— 1,959.3 — 1,959.3 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 100.7 — 100.7 
Non-U.S. government200.4 73.4 — 273.8 
Agency commercial mortgage-backed— 5.8 — 5.8 
Agency residential mortgage-backed— 445.1 — 445.1 
Total fixed income securities, available for sale
1,403.0 2,719.6 — 4,122.6 
Short-term investments, available for sale
86.7 6.9 — 93.6 
Privately-held investments, available for sale
— — 14.9 14.9 
Fixed income securities, trading
U.S. government245.5 — — 245.5 
Municipal— 3.1 — 3.1 
Corporate— 171.5 — 171.5 
Non-U.S. government-backed corporate— 8.3 — 8.3 
High yield loans— 92.1 — 92.1 
Non-U.S. government13.0 21.8 — 34.8 
Asset-backed— 908.2 — 908.2 
Agency mortgage-backed— 22.2 — 22.2 
Total fixed income securities, trading
258.5 1,227.2 — 1,485.7 
Short-term investments, trading
0.2 1.9 — 2.1 
Privately-held investments, trading
— — 475.0 475.0 
Catastrophe bonds, trading
— 1.6 — 1.6 
Other investments (1)
— — — 209.3 
Other financial assets and liabilities
Derivative assets — foreign exchange contracts
— 31.7 — 31.7 
Derivative liabilities — foreign exchange contracts
— (9.3)— (9.3)
Derivative liabilities — loss portfolio transfer (2)
— — (16.5)(16.5)
Total
$1,748.4 $3,979.6 $473.4 $6,410.7 
________________
(1)Other investments represents our investments in real estate, infrastructure and direct lending funds and are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. As a result this has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table above are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets. The investment in the real estate funds is subject to restrictions as detailed in Note 13(a), “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.”
(2)The loss portfolio transfer contract includes a funds withheld arrangement that provides variable interest expense based on Aspen’s investment performance. As a result, this funds withheld arrangement is considered an embedded derivative and accounted for as an option-based derivative.
Fair Value, Measured on a Recurring Basis, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023Balance at beginning of yearPurchases and issuancesTransfers inTransfers (out)Settlements and sales
Increase/(decrease) in fair value included in net income(1) / OCI(2)
Balance at end of year
Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at end of year (1) (2)
Assets
Privately-held investments — available for sale
Asset-backed securities$— $14.7 $— $— $— $0.2 $14.9 $0.2 
Privately-held investments — trading
Commercial mortgage loans$312.1 $40.6 $— $— $(61.5)$(16.3)$274.9 $(17.9)
Middle market loans and other private debt106.9 18.3 — — (41.9)1.5 84.8 0.5 
Asset-backed securities66.8 21.9 5.3 (5.5)(7.6)2.0 82.9 1.7 
Global corporate securities15.0 — — — (0.4)(0.2)14.4 (0.2)
Equity securities6.6 — — (6.6)— — — — 
Short-term investments25.6 18.2 — — (25.8)— 18.0 — 
Total Level 3 assets
$533.0 $113.7 $5.3 $(12.1)$(137.2)$(12.8)$489.9 $(15.7)
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities — loss portfolio transfer$(31.7)$— $— $— $— $15.2 $(16.5)$15.2 
Total Level 3 liabilities
$(31.7)$— $— $— $— $15.2 $(16.5)$15.2 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022
Assets
Privately-held investments — trading
Commercial mortgage loans$211.5 $215.7 $— $— $(113.1)$(2.0)$312.1 $(0.5)
Middle market loans and other private debt65.3 61.8 — — (19.3)(0.9)106.9 (2.1)
Asset-backed securities26.7 54.5 — — (12.6)(1.8)66.8 (2.0)
Global corporate securities— 15.1 — — — (0.1)15.0 — 
Equity securities3.6 5.5 — — (2.4)(0.1)6.6 — 
Short-term investments— 25.6 — — — — 25.6 — 
Total Level 3 assets$307.1 $378.2 $— $— $(147.4)$(4.9)$533.0 $(4.6)
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities — loss portfolio transfer$— $(17.2)$— $— $— $(14.5)$(31.7)$— 
Total Level 3 liabilities$— $(17.2)$— $— $— $(14.5)$(31.7)$— 
______________
(1)Increases/(decreases) in the fair value of privately-held investments - trading are included in realized and unrealized investment losses in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive (loss). Increases/(decreases) in the fair value of derivative liabilities - loss portfolio transfer are included within change in fair value of derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive (loss).
(2)Increases/(decreases) in the fair value of privately-held investments - available for sale are included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).
The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024Balance at beginning of periodPurchases and issuancesTransfers in / (out)ReclassificationsSettlements and sales
Increase/(decrease) in fair value included in net income (1) / OCI (2)
Balance at end of period
Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets/liabilities held at end of period (1) (2)
Assets
Privately-held investments, available for sale
Asset-backed securities$14.8 $10.0 $— $— $— $0.5 $25.3 $(0.1)
Privately-held investments, trading
Commercial mortgage loans240.4 — — — (101.6)(5.1)133.7 5.7 
Middle market loans and other private debt57.3 0.3 — 10.9 (4.8)0.3 64.0 0.3 
Asset-backed securities133.5 0.1 — — (4.8)0.4 129.2 0.5 
Global corporate securities14.1 — — — (0.1)0.3 14.3 0.3 
Short-term investments14.1 — — (10.9)(3.2)— — — 
Total Level 3 assets
$474.2 $10.4 $— $— $(114.5)$(3.6)$366.5 $6.7 
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - loss portfolio transfer$(9.7)$— $— $— $— $5.1 $(4.6)$5.1 
Total Level 3 liabilities$(9.7)$— $— $— $— $5.1 $(4.6)$5.1 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Assets
Privately-held investments, available for sale
Asset-backed securities$14.9 $10.0 $— $— $— $0.4 $25.3 $0.2 
Privately-held investments, trading
Commercial mortgage loans274.9 0.4 — — (118.8)(22.8)133.7 (12.0)
Middle market loans84.8 0.3 — 10.9 (32.6)0.6 64.0 0.3 
Asset-backed securities82.9 54.1 — — (8.1)0.3 129.2 0.4 
Global corporate securities14.4 — — — (0.3)0.2 14.3 0.2 
Short-term investments18.0 — — (10.9)(7.1)— — — 
Total Level 3 assets
$489.9 $64.8 $— $— $(166.9)$(21.3)$366.5 $(10.9)
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - loss portfolio transfer
$(16.5)$— $— $— $— $11.9 $(4.6)$11.9 
Total Level 3 liabilities
$(16.5)$— $— $— $— $11.9 $(4.6)$11.9 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Balance at beginning of periodPurchases and issuancesTransfers inTransfers outSettlements and sales
Increase/(decrease) in fair value included in net income (1)
Balance at end of period
Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets/liabilities held at end of period (1)
Assets
Privately-held investments, trading
Commercial mortgage loans$295.0 $23.5 $— $— $(26.0)$(4.4)$288.1 $(3.7)
Middle market loans and other private debt102.1 4.0 — — (21.3)— 84.8 — 
Asset-backed securities58.4 31.2 — — (29.0)— 60.6 — 
Global corporate securities14.8 — — — (0.1)(0.3)14.4 (0.2)
Equity securities12.1 2.4 — — — 0.3 14.8 0.3 
Short-term investments— 18.2 — — — — 18.2 — 
Total Level 3 assets
$482.4 $79.3 $— $— $(76.4)$(4.4)$480.9 $(3.6)
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - loss portfolio transfer
$(23.4)$— $— $— $— $— $(23.4)$— 
Total Level 3 liabilities
$(23.4)$— $— $— $— $— $(23.4)$— 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Assets
Privately-held investments — trading
Commercial mortgage loans$312.1 $39.4 $— $— $(49.2)$(14.2)$288.1 $(14.1)
Middle market loans106.9 4.1 — — (26.7)0.5 84.8 0.2 
Asset-backed securities66.8 31.2 — (5.5)(32.8)0.9 60.6 0.4 
Global corporate securities15.0 — — — (0.3)(0.3)14.4 (0.2)
Equity securities6.6 9.4 — (1.2)(0.2)0.2 14.8 0.3 
Short-term investments25.6 18.2 — — (25.6)— 18.2 — 
Total Level 3 assets
$533.0 $102.3 $— $(6.7)$(134.8)$(12.9)$480.9 $(13.4)
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - loss portfolio transfer
$(31.7)$— $— $— $— $8.3 $(23.4)$8.3 
Total Level 3 liabilities
$(31.7)$— $— $— $— $8.3 $(23.4)$8.3 
________________
(1)Increases/(decreases) in the fair value of privately-held investments - trading are included in realized and unrealized investment losses in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive (loss). Increases/(decreases) in the fair value of derivative liabilities - loss portfolio transfer are included within change in fair value of derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive (loss).
(2)Increases/(decreases) in the fair value of privately-held investments - available for sale are included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).
Fair Value Inputs, and Valuation Techniques
The following table summarizes the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities investments categorized as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 2023:
At December 31, 2023Fair Value
Level 3
Valuation TechniquesUnobservable (U) inputsRangesWeighted Average
($ in millions)
Privately-held investments — Trading
Commercial mortgage loans$274.9 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate3.8 %– 20.0 %7.7 %
Middle market loans and other private debt84.8 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate7.7 %18.5 %11.0 %
Asset-backed securities82.9 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate5.9 %– 9.7 %7.0 %
Global corporate securities14.4 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate6.6 %– 6.6 %6.6 %
Short-term investments18.0 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate9.3 %18.5 %9.3 %
Privately-held investments — Available for sale
Asset-backed securities14.9 Transaction valuen/an/an/an/a
Total
$489.9 
The following table summarizes the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities investments categorized as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy as at September 30, 2024:
As at September 30, 2024Fair Value
Level 3
Valuation TechniquesUnobservable InputsRangesWeighted Average
($ in millions)
Privately-held investments, available for sale
Asset-backed securities$15.3 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate4.9 %%6.8 %
Asset-backed securities10.0 Transaction Valuen/an/an/an/a
Privately-held investments, trading
Commercial mortgage loans133.7 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate3.8 %26.0 %9.0 %
Middle market loans and other private debt64.0 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate6.9 %16.8 %9.4 %
Asset-backed securities129.2 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate4.9 %8.0 %6.8 %
Global corporate securities14.3 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate6.4 %6.4 %6.4 %
Total
$366.5