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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549
________________
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________
Commission file number 001-15827
VISTEON CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

State of | Delaware |  | 38-3519512
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Village Center Drive, | Van Buren Township, | Michigan | 48111
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (800)-VISTEON
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $.01 Per Share | VC | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ü No__
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ü No __
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company" and “emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ü Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ü
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ü No ☐
As of October 21, 2021, the registrant had outstanding 27,996,638 shares of common stock.
Exhibit index located on page number 40.
1

Visteon Corporation and Subsidiaries
Index

Part I - Financial Information | Page
| Item 1 - Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
| Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
| Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 37
| Item 4 - Controls and Procedures | 38
Part II - Other Information | 39
| Item 1 - Legal Proceedings | 39
| Item 1A - Risk Factors | 39
| Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 39
| Item 6 - Exhibits | 39
Exhibit Index | 40
Signatures | 40

2

Part I
Financial Information
Item 1.Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In millions except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net sales | $ | 631 |  |  | $ | 747 |  |  | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | 1,761 |
Cost of sales | (584) |  |  | (648) |  |  | (1,832) |  |  | (1,605) |
Gross margin | 47 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 156 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (42) |  |  | (45) |  |  | (131) |  |  | (140) |
Restructuring, net | 2 |  |  | (32) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (69) |
Interest expense | (2) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (14) |
Interest income | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Other income, net | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 10 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 11 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 35 |  |  | (49) |
Provision for income taxes | (4) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (19) |
Net income (loss) | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (68) |
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (2) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (6) |
Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (74) |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (80) |
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (1) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (9) |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (89) |
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (2.65) |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | (2.65) |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions)

| (Unaudited) |  |
| September 30, |  | December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
ASSETS
Cash and equivalents | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 496 |
Restricted cash | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Accounts receivable, net | 423 |  |  | 484 |
Inventories, net | 253 |  |  | 177 |
Other current assets | 156 |  |  | 180 |
Total current assets | 1,233 |  |  | 1,341 |
Property and equipment, net | 393 |  |  | 436 |
Intangible assets, net | 120 |  |  | 127 |
Right-of-use assets | 148 |  |  | 172 |
Investments in non-consolidated affiliates | 49 |  |  | 60 |
Other non-current assets | 117 |  |  | 135 |
Total assets | $ | 2,060 |  |  | $ | 2,271 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Short-term debt | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts payable | 416 |  |  | 500 |
Accrued employee liabilities | 74 |  |  | 83 |
Current lease liability | 29 |  |  | 32 |
Other current liabilities | 187 |  |  | 209 |
Total current liabilities | 711 |  |  | 824 |
Long-term debt, net | 349 |  |  | 349 |
Employee benefits | 285 |  |  | 322 |
Non-current lease liability | 125 |  |  | 146 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 26 |  |  | 28 |
Other non-current liabilities | 71 |  |  | 92 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock (par value $0.01, 50 million shares authorized, none outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020) | — |  |  | — |
Common stock (par value $0.01, 250 million shares authorized, 55 million shares issued, 28 million shares outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020) | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,344 |  |  | 1,348 |
Retained earnings | 1,633 |  |  | 1,623 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (310) |  |  | (304) |
Treasury stock | (2,269) |  |  | (2,281) |
Total Visteon Corporation stockholders’ equity | 399 |  |  | 387 |
Non-controlling interests | 94 |  |  | 123 |
Total equity | 493 |  |  | 510 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,060 |  |  | $ | 2,271 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Operating Activities |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (68) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided from (used by) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 82 |  |  | 75 |
Non-cash stock-based compensation | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Equity in net loss (income) of non-consolidated affiliates, net of dividends remitted | 14 |  |  | (4) |
Other non-cash items | 4 |  |  | 1 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 50 |  |  | 38 |
Inventories | (82) |  |  | 5 |
Accounts payable | (68) |  |  | 11 |
Other assets and other liabilities | (40) |  |  | 26 |
Net cash (used by) provided from operating activities | (12) |  |  | 97 |
Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures, including intangibles | (54) |  |  | (83) |
Contributions to equity method investments | (3) |  |  | (1) |
Loan repayments from non-consolidated affiliates | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Other | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Net cash used by investing activities | (50) |  |  | (77) |
Financing Activities |  |  |
Borrowings on revolving credit facility | — |  |  | 400 |
Payments on revolving credit facility | — |  |  | (400) |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | (16) |
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests | (33) |  |  | (7) |
Short-term debt, net | 6 |  |  | (37) |
Other | 1 |  |  | — |
Net cash used by financing activities | (26) |  |  | (60) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (11) |  |  | 6 |
Net decrease in cash, equivalents, and restricted cash | (99) |  |  | (34) |
Cash, equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the period | 500 |  |  | 469 |
Cash, equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the period | $ | 401 |  |  | $ | 435 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(In millions)
(Unaudited)

| Total Visteon Corporation Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Visteon Corporation Stockholders' Equity |  | Non-Controlling Interests |  | Total Equity
December 31, 2020 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,348 |  |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | (304) |  |  | $ | (2,281) |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 510 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17) |  |  | — |  |  | (17) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (18) |
Stock-based compensation, net | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Dividends declared to non-controlling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |
March 31, 2021 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,337 |  |  | $ | 1,639 |  |  | $ | (321) |  |  | $ | (2,272) |  |  | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 506 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |
Stock-based compensation, net | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Cash dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Dividends declared to non-controlling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31) |  |  | (31) |
June 30, 2021 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 1,628 |  |  | $ | (305) |  |  | $ | (2,271) |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 487 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (6) |
Stock-based compensation, net | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
September 30, 2021 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | (310) |  |  | $ | (2,269) |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 493 |

| Total Visteon Corporation Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Visteon Corporation Stockholders' Equity |  | Non-Controlling Interests |  | Total Equity
December 31, 2019 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | 1,679 |  |  | $ | (267) |  |  | $ | (2,275) |  |  | $ | 480 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 595 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (36) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (37) |  |  | — |  |  | (37) |  |  | — |  |  | (37) |
Stock-based compensation, net | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Repurchase of shares of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |
Cash dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | (7) |
March 31, 2020 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,337 |  |  | $ | 1,644 |  |  | $ | (304) |  |  | $ | (2,284) |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 501 |
Net (income) loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (45) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (45) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (42) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Stock-based compensation, net | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
June 30, 2020 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 1,599 |  |  | $ | (299) |  |  | $ | (2,284) |  |  | $ | 358 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 468 |
Net (income) loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 20 |
Stock-based compensation, net | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
September 30, 2020 | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | $ | 1,605 |  |  | $ | (282) |  |  | $ | (2,283) |  |  | $ | 385 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 502 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation - Interim Financial Statements
The condensed consolidated financial statements of Visteon Corporation (the "Company" or "Visteon") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments, except as otherwise disclosed) that management believes are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, stockholders' equity, and cash flows of the Company for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full-year results.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported herein. Considerable judgment is involved in making these determinations and the use of different estimates or assumptions could result in significantly different results. Management believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate. However, actual results could differ from those reported herein. Events and changes in circumstances arising after September 30, 2021, including those resulting from the impacts of COVID-19 and the subsequent semiconductor supply shortage, as further described in Note 14, "Commitments and Contingencies", will be reflected in management's estimates in future periods.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: The Com pany establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable based on the current expected credit loss impairment model (“CECL”). The Company applies a historical loss rate based on historic write-offs by region to aging categories. The historical loss rate is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future losses, as necessary. The Company may also record a specific reserve for individual accounts when the Company becomes aware of specific customer circumstances, such as in the case of a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customer's operating results or financial position.
The following table provides a rollforward of changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Beginning balance | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Provision | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Recoveries | — |  |  | (3) |
Write-offs charged against the allowance | — |  |  | (4) |
Ending balance | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Reference Rate Reform - In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting." Subsequently, in 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform", to further clarify and expand certain aspects of ASC 848. ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 provide optional expedients and exceptions related to certain contract modifications and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another rate that is expected to be discontinued. The guidance was effective upon issuance and is generally applied to applicable contract modifications and hedge relationships prospectively through December 31, 2022. The adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
7

NOTE 2. Non-Consolidated Affiliates
Investments in Affiliates
The Company's investments in non-consolidated equity method affiliates include the following:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Yanfeng Visteon Investment Co., Ltd. ("YFVIC") (50%) | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Other | 15 |  |  | 10 |
Total investments in non-consolidated affiliates | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 60 |

Variable Interest Entities
The Company evaluates whether joint ventures in which it has invested are Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”) at the start of each new venture and when a reconsideration event has occurred. The Company consolidates a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE having both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company determined that YFVIC is a VIE. The Company holds a variable interest in YFVIC primarily related to its ownership interests and subordinated financial support. The Company and Yangfeng Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd. ("YF") each own 50% of YFVIC and neither entity has the power to control the operations of YFVIC; therefore, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of YFVIC and does not consolidate the joint venture.
The Company's investments in YFVIC consists of the following:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Payables due to YFVIC | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Exposure to loss in YFVIC: |  |  |
Investment in YFVIC | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Receivables due from YFVIC | 36 |  |  | 53 |
Subordinated loan receivable from YFVIC | — |  |  | 6 |
Maximum exposure to loss in YFVIC | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 109 |

During the nine months ended 2021, YFVIC declared and made a $16 million dividend to the Company.
Equity Investments
In 2018, the Company committed to make a $15 million investment in two funds managed by venture capital firms principally focused on the automotive sector pursuant to limited partnership agreements. As a limited partner in each fund, the Company will periodically make capital contributions toward this total commitment amount. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has contributed a total of $7 million toward the aggregate investment commitments. These limited partnerships are classified as equity method investments.
NOTE 3. Restructuring Activities
Given the economically-sensitive and highly competitive nature of the automotive electronics industry, the Company continues to closely monitor current market factors and industry trends, including potential impacts related to COVID-19 and the related semiconductor shortage, taking action as necessary which may include restructuring actions. However, there can be no assurance that any such actions will be sufficient to fully offset the impact of adverse factors o n the Company or its results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company released $2 million of net restructuring expense due to a change in estimate related to previous restructuring actions.
8

During the second quarter of 2021, the Company approved and recorded $2 million of net restructuring expense for various restructuring actions, primarily impacting Brazil. As of September 30, 2021, $1 million remains accrued related to these programs.
During 2020 the Company approved various restructuring programs impacting engineering, administrative and manufacturing functions to improve efficiency and rationalize the Company’s footprint. The Company recorded $69 million of net restructuring expense for cash severance, retention, and termination costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related to these programs. As of September 30, 2021, $12 million remains accrued related to these programs. The Company anticipates that the activities associated with the current restructuring programs will be substantially complete by the end of 2022.
During 2018, the Company approved a restructuring program impacting legacy employees at a South America facility due to the wind-down of certain products. As of September 30, 2021, $2 million remains accrued related to this program.
As of September 30, 2021, the Company retained restructuring reserves as part of the Company's divestiture of the majority of its global Interiors business (the "Interiors Divestiture") of $1 million associated with completed programs for the fundamental reorganization of operations at facilities in Brazil and France.
Restructuring Reserves
The Company’s restructuring reserves and related activity are summarized below and include amounts associated with discontinued operations.

(In millions) |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2020 | $ | 49 |  |  |  |  |
Expense | — |  |  |  |  |
Change in estimate | (1) |  |  |  |  |
Utilization | (16) |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency | (1) |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2021 | $ | 31 |  |  |  |  |
Expense | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Change in estimate | (1) |  |  |  |  |
Utilization | (9) |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency | — |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2021 | $ | 23 |  |  |  |  |
Expense | — |  |  |  |  |
Change in estimate | (2) |  |  |  |  |
Utilization | (4) |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency | — |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2021 | $ | 17 |  |  |  |  |

NOTE 4. Inventories
Inventories, net consist of the following components:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Raw materials | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | 114 |
Work-in-process | 26 |  |  | 25 |
Finished products | 34 |  |  | 38 |
| $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 177 |

9

NOTE 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net are comprised of the following:

|  |  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(In millions) | Estimated Weighted Average Useful Life (years) |  | Gross Intangibles |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Intangibles |  | Gross Intangibles |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Intangibles
Definite-Lived: |  |  |  |  |  |
Developed technology | 10 |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | $ | 3 |
Customer related | 10 |  | 95 |  |  | (71) |  |  | 24 |  |  | 95 |  |  | (64) |  |  | 31 |
Capitalized software development | 5 |  | 47 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 38 |  |  | 44 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 37 |
Other | 32 |  | 15 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 7 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 7 |
Subtotal |  |  | 197 |  |  | (126) |  |  | 71 |  |  | 194 |  |  | (116) |  |  | 78 |
Indefinite-Lived: |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |
Total |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | (126) |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | (116) |  |  | $ | 127 |

Capitalized software development consists of software development costs intended for integration into customer products.
NOTE 6. Other Assets
Other current assets are comprised of the following components:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Recoverable taxes | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 52 |
Joint venture receivables | 37 |  |  | 53 |
Contractually reimbursable engineering costs | 34 |  |  | 31 |
Prepaid assets and deposits | 24 |  |  | 18 |
Royalty agreements | 4 |  |  | 7 |
China bank notes | — |  |  | 15 |
Other | 5 |  |  | 4 |
| $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 180 |

The Company receives bank notes from certain customers in China to settle trade accounts receivable. The collection of such bank notes are included in operating cash flows based on the substance of the underlying transactions which are operating in nature. The Company redeemed $114 million and $104 million of China bank notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Remaining amounts outstanding at third-party institutions related to sold bank notes will mature by the end of the first quarter of 2022.
10

Other non-current assets are comprised of the following components:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Deferred tax assets | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 55 |
Contractually reimbursable engineering costs | 35 |  |  | 31 |
Recoverable taxes | 11 |  |  | 21 |
Royalty agreements | 2 |  |  | 8 |
Joint venture notes receivable | — |  |  | 7 |
Other | 15 |  |  | 13 |
| $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 135 |

Current and non-current contractually reimbursable engineering costs are related to pre-production design and development costs incurred pursuant to long-term supply arrangements that are contractually guaranteed for reimbursement by customers. The Company expects to receive cash reimbursement payments of $10 million during the remainder of 2021, $31 million in 2022, $18 million in 2023, $6 million in 2024 and $4 million in 2025 and beyond.
NOTE 7. Other Liabilities
Other current liabilities are summarized as follows:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Product warranty and recall accruals | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 52 |
Deferred income | 45 |  |  | 46 |
Non-income taxes payable | 18 |  |  | 15 |
Restructuring reserves | 15 |  |  | 39 |
Royalty reserves | 14 |  |  | 13 |
Joint venture payables | 11 |  |  | 9 |
Income taxes payable | 8 |  |  | 5 |
Dividends payable to non-controlling interests | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Other | 27 |  |  | 28 |
| $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 209 |

Other non-current liabilities are summarized as follows:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Derivative financial instruments | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 38 |
Product warranty and recall accruals | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Deferred income | 12 |  |  | 7 |
Income tax reserves | 7 |  |  | 6 |
Royalty agreements | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Restructuring reserves | 2 |  |  | 10 |
Other | 15 |  |  | 13 |
| $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 92 |

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NOTE 8. Debt
The Company’s debt consists of the following:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Short-Term Debt: |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
Long-Term Debt: |  |  |
Term debt facility, net | $ | 349 |  |  | $ | 349 |

Short-Term Debt
Short-term borrowings are related to affiliate borrowings and are primarily payable in Brazilian real. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has $5 million short-term borrowing and there is $191 million available capacity under affiliate credit facilities.
Long-Term Debt
As of September 30, 2021, the Company has an amended credit agreement ("Credit Agreement") which includes a $350 million Term Facility maturing March 24, 2024 and a $400 million Revolving Credit Facility which matures the earlier of (i) December 24, 2024, (ii) 90 days prior to the scheduled maturity of the Term Facility, or (iii) the date of the termination of the Company's credit agreement.
On March 19, 2020, the Company borrowed the entire amount of revolving loans available under the Revolving Credit Facility to increase its cash position and maximize its flexibility in response to unprecedented uncertainty related to the impact of COVID-19. On September 24, 2020, the Company fully repaid the amount borrowed under the Revolving Credit Facility following stronger than expected industry recovery and improved Company performance in the third quarter of 2020. The Company has no outstanding borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2021.
Interest on the Term Facility loans accrue at a rate equal to a LIBOR-based rate plus an applicable margin of 1.75% per annum. Loans under the Company's Revolving Credit Facility accrue interest at a rate equal to a LIBOR-based rate plus an applicable margin of between 1.00% - 2.00%, as determined by the Company's total gross leverage ratio.
The Credit Agreement requires compliance with customary affirmative and negative covenants and contains customary events of default. The Revolving Credit Facility also requires that the Company maintain a total net leverage ratio no greater than 3.50:1.00. During any period when the Company’s corporate and family ratings meet investment grade ratings, certain of the negative covenants are suspended. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all its debt covenants.
The Revolving Credit Facility also provides $75 million availability for the issuance of letters of credit and a maximum of $20 million for swing line borrowings. Any amount of the facility utilized for letters of credit or swing line loans outstanding will reduce the amount available under the existing Revolving Credit Facility. The Company may request increases in the limits under the Credit Agreement and may request the addition of one or more term loan facilities. Outstanding borrowings may be prepaid without penalty (other than borrowings made for the purpose of reducing the effective interest rate margin or weighted average yield of the loans). There are mandatory prepayments of principal in connection with: (i) excess cash flow sweeps above certain leverage thresholds, (ii) certain asset sales or other dispositions, (iii) certain refinancing of indebtedness and (iv) over-advances under the Revolving Credit Facility. There are no excess cash flow sweeps required at the Company’s current leverage level.
All obligations under the Credit Agreement and obligations with respect to certain cash management services and swap transaction agreements between the Company and its lenders are unconditionally guaranteed by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, any amounts outstanding are secured by a first-priority perfected lien on substantially all property of the Company and the subsidiaries party to the security agreement, subject to certain limitations.
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Other
The Company has a $5 million letter of credit facility, whereby the Company is required to maintain a cash collateral account equal to 103% (110% for non-U.S. dollar denominated letters) of the aggregate stated amount of issued letters of credit and must reimburse any amounts drawn under issued letters of credit. The Company had $2 million of outstanding letters of credit issued under this facility secured by restricted cash, as of September 30, 2021. Additionally, the Company had $11 million of locally issued letters of credit with less than $1 million of collateral as of September 30, 2021, to support various tax appeals, customs arrangements and other obligations at its local affiliates.
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NOTE 9. Employee Benefit Plans
The Company's net periodic benefit costs for all defined benefit plans for the three month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| U.S. Plans |  | Non-U.S. Plans
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Costs Recognized in Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension service cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |
Pension financing benefits (cost): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (2) |
Expected return on plan assets | 9 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Amortization of losses and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Total pension financing benefits: | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Restructuring related pension cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Special termination benefits | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net pension benefit (cost) | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (1) |

Pension financing benefits, net of $4 million and $3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are classified as Other income, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
The Company's net periodic benefit costs for all defined benefit plans for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| U.S. Plans |  | Non-U.S. Plans
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Costs Recognized in Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension service cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (1) |
Pension financing benefits (costs): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | (5) |
Expected return on plan assets | 28 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Amortization of losses and other | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |
Total pension financing benefits: | 13 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Restructuring related pension cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Special termination benefits | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Net pension benefit (cost) | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (3) |

Pension financing benefits, net of $13 million and $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are classified as Other income, net on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, cash contributions to the Company's defined benefit plans were approximately $12 million for the U.S. plans and $5 million for the non-U.S. plans. The Company estimates that total cash contributions to its pension plans during 2021 will be $19 million.
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NOTE 10. Income Taxes
During the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a provision for income tax of $4 million and $20 million, respectively, which reflects income tax expense in countries where the Company is profitable; accrued withholding taxes; ongoing assessments related to the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax benefits; the inability to record a tax benefit for pretax losses and/or recognize expense for pretax income in certain jurisdictions (including the U.S.) due to valuation allowances; and other non-recurring tax items, including enacted tax law changes. Pretax losses in jurisdictions where valuation allowances are maintained and no income tax benefits are recognized totaled $48 million and $106 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, resulting in an increase in the Company's effective tax rate in those years.
The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate against income before income taxes, excluding equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates for the period. Effective tax rates vary from period to period as separate calculations are performed for those countries where the Company's operations are profitable and whose results continue to be tax-effected and for those countries where full deferred tax valuation allowances exist and are maintained. In determining the estimated annual effective tax rate, the Company analyzes various factors, including but not limited to, forecasts of projected annual earnings, taxing jurisdictions in which the pretax income and/or pretax losses will be generated and available tax planning strategies. The changing and volatile macro-economic conditions connected with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic including the semiconductor supply shortage and other supply chain impacts may cause fluctuations in forecasted earnings before income taxes. As such, the Company's effective tax rate could be subject to volatility as forecasted earnings before income taxes are impacted by events which cannot be predicted. The Company’s estimated annual effective tax rate is updated each quarter and may be significantly impacted by changes to the mix of forecasted earnings by tax jurisdiction. The tax impact of adjustments to the estimated annual effective tax rate are recorded in the period such estimates are revised. The Company is also required to record the tax impact of certain other non-recurring tax items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and uncertain tax positions, and changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.
The need to maintain valuation allowances against deferred tax assets in the U.S. and other affected countries will cause variability in the Company’s quarterly and annual effective tax rates. Full valuation allowances against deferred tax assets in the U.S. and applicable foreign countries will be maintained until sufficient positive evidence exists to reduce or eliminate them. The Company evaluates its deferred income taxes quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency, and amount of recent losses, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, and tax planning strategies. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. If (i) recent improvements to financial results continue in the U.S., or (ii) recovery of the global economy after the COVID-19 pandemic including the semiconductor shortages occurs faster than expected, the Company believes it is possible that sufficient positive evidence may be available to release all, or a portion, of its U.S. valuation allowance in the next nine to 24 months.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $15 million and $14 million, respectively. Of these amounts, approximately $8 million and $7 million, respectively, represent the amount of unrecognized benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. The gross unrecognized tax benefit differs from that which would impact the effective tax rate due to uncertain tax positions embedded in other deferred tax attributes carrying a full valuation allowance. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a $2 million increase in tax expense related to uncertain tax positions attributable to certain related party transactions. The Company records interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense and related amounts accrued at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $2 million in both years.
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With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for years before 2014, or state, local or non-U.S. income tax examinations for years before 2003, although U.S. net operating losses carried forward into open tax years technically remain open to adjustment. Although it is not possible to predict the timing of the resolution of all ongoing tax audits with accuracy, it is reasonably possible that certain tax proceedings in the U.S., Europe, Asia and Mexico could conclude within the next twelve months and result in a significant increase or decrease in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits. Given the number of years, jurisdictions, and positions subject to examination, the Company is unable to estimate the full range of possible adjustments to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits. The long-term portion of uncertain income tax positions (including interest) of $7 million is included in Other non-current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, while $3 million is reflected as a reduction of a deferred tax asset related to a net operating loss included in Other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
During 2012, Brazil tax authorities issued tax assessment notices to Visteon Sistemas Automotivos (“Sistemas”) related to the sale of its chassis business, in connection with this assessment the Company recorded a long-term tax deposit during 2013. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company received a favorable judgement related to this deposit. The Company reclassified $9 million associated with this deposit to other current assets and expects to receive settlement during the fourth quarter of 2021. The remaining deposit of approximately $2 million has been applied against other long-term labor-related tax debts pursuant to the judgement. Income tax refund claims associated with other jurisdictions, total $5 million as of September 30, 2021, and are included in Other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 11. Stockholders’ Equity and Non-controlling Interests
Non-Controlling Interests
The Company's non-controlling interests are as follows:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Shanghai Visteon Automotive Electronics, Co., Ltd. | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Yanfeng Visteon Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd. | 29 |  |  | 57 |
Changchun Visteon FAWAY Automotive Electronics, Co., Ltd. | 19 |  |  | 20 |
Other | 2 |  |  | 2 |
| $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 123 |

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) and reclassifications out of AOCI by component include:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Changes in AOCI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (305) |  |  | $ | (299) |  |  | $ | (304) |  |  | $ | (267) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax | (7) |  |  | 18 |  |  | (11) |  |  | (13) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (2) |
Ending balance | $ | (310) |  |  | $ | (282) |  |  | $ | (310) |  |  | $ | (282) |
Changes in AOCI by Component: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (131) |  |  | $ | (185) |  |  | $ | (115) |  |  | $ | (153) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax (a) | (13) |  |  | 28 |  |  | (29) |  |  | (4) |
Ending balance | (144) |  |  | (157) |  |  | (144) |  |  | (157) |
Net investment hedge |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (5) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 4 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax (a) | 5 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 18 |  |  | (1) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (5) |
Ending balance | (1) |  |  | (2) |  | (1) |  |  | (2)
Benefit plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (162) |  |  | (111) |  |  | (165) |  |  | (114) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax (b) | 1 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |
Ending balance | (160) |  |  | (112) |  |  | (160) |  |  | (112) |
Unrealized hedging gain (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (7) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (4) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification, net of tax (c) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (8) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |
Ending balance | (5) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (11) |
Total AOCI | $ | (310) |  |  | $ | (282) |  |  | $ | (310) |  |  | $ | (282) |

(a) There were no income tax effects for either period due to the valuation allowance.
(b) Net tax expense was less than $1 million related to benefit plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
(c) There were no income tax effects related to unrealized hedging gain (loss) for either period due to the valuation allowance.
Share Repurchase Program
During the first quarter of 2020, the Company purchased a total of 233,769 shares of Visteon common stock at an average price of $67.87 for an aggregate purchase amount of $16 million pursuant to an agreement with a third-party financial institution.
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NOTE 12. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Visteon by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding. Performance based share units are considered contingently issuable shares and are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share based on the number of shares that would be issuable if the reporting date were the end of the contingency period and if the result would be dilutive.
The table below provides details underlying the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (74) |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average common stock outstanding - basic | 28.0 |  |  | 27.8 |  |  | 27.9 |  |  | 27.9 |
Dilutive effect of performance based share units and other | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |
Diluted shares | 28.4 |  |  | 28.0 |  |  | 28.3 |  |  | 27.9 |
Basic and Diluted Per Share Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Visteon | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | (2.65) |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Visteon: | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | (2.65) |

Performance based share units of approximately 181,000 were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because the effect of including them would have been anti-dilutive for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
NOTE 13. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurements
The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the observability of the inputs utilized in the valuation. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and lowest priority to unobservable inputs.
•Level 1 – Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in an active market that the Company has the ability to access.
•Level 2 – Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
•Level 3 – Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The Company is exposed to various market risks including, but not limited to, changes in currency exchange rates arising from the sale of products in countries other than the manufacturing source, foreign currency denominated supplier payments, debt, dividends and investments in subsidiaries. The Company manages these risks, in part, through the use of derivative financial instruments. The maximum length of time over which the Company hedges the variability in the future cash flows related to transactions, excluding those transactions as related to the payment of variable interest on existing debt, is eighteen months. The maximum length of time over which the Company hedges forecasted transactions related to variable interest payments is the term of the underlying debt.
Hedge instruments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis under an income approach using industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, volatility factors, current market and contractual prices for the
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underlying and non-performance risk. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument or may derived from observable data. Accordingly, the Company's currency instruments are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
The Company presents its derivative positions and any related material collateral under master netting arrangements that provide for the net settlement of contracts, by counterparty, in the event of default or termination. Derivative financial instruments are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. There is no cash collateral on any of these derivatives.
Currency Exchange Rate Instruments: The Company primarily uses forward contracts denominated in euro, Japanese yen, Thai baht, Brazilian real, and Mexican peso intended to mitigate the variability of cash flows denominated in currency other than the hedging entity's functional currency.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had foreign currency economic derivative instruments with notional amounts of $21 million and $18 million, respectively. At September 30, 2021, these instruments are undesignated hedges of local currency value of recognized net monetary balances that are denominated in a currency other than the particular entity's functional currency. The aggregate fair value of these derivative instruments is an asset of less than $1 million and an asset of $1 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Cross Currency Swaps: The Company has executed cross-currency swap transactions intended to mitigate the variability of the U.S. dollar value of its investment in certain of its non-U.S. entities. These transactions are designated as net investment hedges and the Company has elected to assess hedge effectiveness under the spot method. Accordingly, periodic changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments attributable to factors other than spot exchange rate variability are excluded from the measurement of hedge ineffectiveness and reported directly in earnings each reporting period.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had cross currency swaps with an aggregate notional value of $250 million. The aggregate fair value of these derivatives is a non-current liability of $12 million and $27 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, a gain of $5 million is expected to be reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings within the next 12 months.
Interest Rate Swaps: The Company utilizes interest rate swap instruments to manage its exposure and to mitigate the impact of interest rate variability. The instruments are designated as cash flow hedges, accordingly, the effective portion of the periodic changes in fair value is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders' equity. Subsequently, the accumulated gains and losses recorded in equity are reclassified to income in the period during which the hedged cash flow impacts earnings.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value of $300 million. The aggregate fair value of these derivative transactions is a non-current liability of $6 million and $11 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, a loss of $6 million is expected to be reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings within the next twelve months.
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Financial Statement Presentation
Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

| Recorded Income (Loss) into AOCI, net of tax |  | Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Loss) |  | Recorded in (Income) Loss |  |
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency risk - Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate risk - Interest expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Net investment hedges | 5 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency risk - Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate risk - Interest expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | (1) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Net investment hedges | 18 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 17 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |

Items Not Carried at Fair Value
The Company's fair value of debt was $353 million and $347 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Fair value estimates were based on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities. Accordingly, the Company's debt fair value disclosures are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments including cash equivalents, derivative contracts, and accounts receivable, expose the Company to counter-party credit risk for non-performance. The Company’s counterparties for cash equivalents and derivative contracts are banks and financial institutions that meet the Company’s credit rating requirements. The Company’s counterparties for derivative contracts are substantial investment and commercial banks with significant experience using such derivatives. The Company manages its credit risk pursuant to written policies that specify minimum counterparty credit profile and by limiting the concentration of credit exposure amongst its multiple counterparties.
The Company's credit risk with any single customer does not exceed ten percent of total accounts receivable except for Ford and its affiliates which represent 16% and 13% of the Company's balance as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
NOTE 14. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation and Claims
In 2003, the Local Development Finance Authority of the Charter Township of Van Buren, Michigan issued approximately $28 million in bonds finally maturing in 2032, the proceeds of which were used at least in part to assist in the development of the Company’s U.S. headquarters located in the Township. During January 2010, the Company and the Township entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) that, among other things, reduced the taxable value of the headquarters property to current market value. The Settlement Agreement also provided that the Company would negotiate in good faith with the Township, pursuant to the terms of the Settlement Agreement, in the event that property tax payments were inadequate to
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permit the Township to meet its payment obligations with respect to the bonds. In October 2019, the Township notified the Company that the Township had incurred a shortfall under the bonds of less than $1 million and requested that the Company meet to discuss payment. The parties met in November 2019 but no agreement was reached. On December 9, 2019, the Township commenced litigation against the Company in Michigan’s Wayne County Circuit Court claiming damages of $28 million related to what the Township alleges to be the current shortfall and projected future shortfalls under the bonds. The Company disputes the factual and legal assertions made by the Township and intends to defend the matter vigorously. The Company is not able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss in connection with this matter.
In November 2013, the Company and Halla Visteon Climate Control Corporation (“HVCC”), jointly filed an Initial Notice of Voluntary Self-Disclosure statement with the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) regarding certain sales of automotive HVAC components by a minority-owned, Chinese joint venture of HVCC into Iran. The Company updated that notice in December 2013, and subsequently filed a voluntary self-disclosure regarding these sales with OFAC in March 2014. In May 2014, the Company voluntarily filed a supplementary self-disclosure identifying additional sales of automotive HVAC components by the Chinese joint venture, as well as similar sales involving an HVCC subsidiary in China, totaling $12 million, and filed a final voluntary-self disclosure with OFAC on October 17, 2014. OFAC is currently reviewing the results of the Company’s investigation. Following that review, OFAC may conclude that the disclosed sales resulted in violations of U.S. economic sanctions laws and warrant the imposition of civil penalties, such as fines, limitations on the Company's ability to export products from the United States, and/or referral for further investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice. Any such fines or restrictions may be material to the Company’s financial results in the period in which they are imposed, but the Company is not able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss in connection with this matter. Additionally, disclosure of this conduct and any fines or other action relating to this conduct could harm the Company’s reputation and have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition. The Company cannot predict when OFAC will conclude its own review of voluntary self-disclosures or whether it may impose any of the potential penalties described above.
The Company's operations in Brazil are subject to highly complex labor, tax, customs and other laws. While the Company believes that it is in compliance with such laws, it is periodically engaged in litigation regarding the application of these laws. The Company maintained accruals of $9 million for claims aggregating $54 million in Brazil as of September 30, 2021. The amounts accrued represent claims that are deemed probable of loss and are reasonably estimable based on the Company's assessment of the claims and prior experience with similar matters.
The adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant reduction in vehicle production in the first half of 2020, which was followed by increased consumer demand and vehicle production schedules in the second half of 2020, particularly in the fourth quarter. Because semiconductor suppliers have been unable to rapidly reallocate production to serve the automotive industry, the surge in demand has led to a worldwide semiconductor supply shortage. The Company's semiconductor suppliers, along with most automotive component supply companies that use semiconductors, have been unable to fully meet the vehicle production demands of our customers due to events which are outside the Company's control, including but not limited to, the COVID-19 pandemic, the global semiconductor shortage, a fire at a semiconductor fabrication facility in Japan, significant weather events impacting semiconductor supplier facilities in the southern United States, and other extraordinary events. The Company is working closely with suppliers and customers to attempt to minimize potential adverse impacts of these events. Certain customers have communicated that they expect the Company to absorb some of the financial impact of their reduced production and are reserving their rights to claim damages arising from supply shortages, however, the Company believes it has a number of legal defenses to such claims and intends to defend any such claims vigorously. The Company has also notified semiconductor suppliers that it will seek compensation from them for failure to deliver sufficient quantities. The Company is not able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss in connection with this matter at this time.
While the Company believes its accruals for litigation and claims are adequate, the final amounts required to resolve such matters could differ materially from recorded estimates and the Company's results of operations and cash flows could be materially affected.
Guarantees and Commitments
As part of the agreements involving the divestiture of the Climate business (the "Climate Transaction") and Interiors Divestiture, the Company continues to provide lease guarantees to divested Climate and Interiors entities. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has $5 million and $2 million of outstanding guarantees, related to the divested Climate and Interiors entities, respectively. The guarantees represent the maximum potential amount that the Company could be required to pay under the guarantees in the event of default by the guaranteed parties. The guarantees will generally cease upon expiration of current lease agreement which expire in 2026 and 2024 for the Climate and Interiors entities, respectively.
21

Product Warranty and Recall
Amounts accrued for product warranty and recall claims are based on management’s best estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be required to settle such items. The Company’s estimates for product warranty and recall obligations are developed with support from its sales, engineering, quality and legal functions and include due consideration of contractual arrangements, past experience, current claims and related information, production changes, industry and regulatory developments, and various other considerations. The Company can provide no assurances that it will not experience material claims in the future or that it will not incur significant costs to defend or settle such claims beyond the amounts accrued or beyond what the Company may recover from its suppliers.
The following table provides a rollforward of changes in the product warranty and recall claims liability:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Beginning balance | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 49 |
Provisions | 12 |  |  | 16 |
Changes in estimates | 1 |  |  | (2) |
Currency/other | (3) |  |  | 1 |
Settlements | (16) |  |  | (14) |
Ending balance | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 50 |

Other Contingent Matters
Various legal actions, governmental investigations and proceedings and claims are pending or may be instituted or asserted in the future against the Company, including those arising out of alleged defects in the Company’s products; governmental regulations relating to safety; employment-related matters; customer, supplier and other contractual relationships; intellectual property rights; product warranties; product recalls; product liability claims; and environmental matters. Some of the foregoing matters may involve compensatory, punitive or antitrust or other treble damage claims in very large amounts, or demands for recall campaigns, environmental remediation programs, sanctions, or other relief which, if granted, would require very large expenditures. The Company enters into agreements that contain indemnification provisions in the normal course of business for which the risks are considered nominal and impracticable to estimate.
Contingencies are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual litigated matters is not predictable with assurance. Reserves have been established by the Company for matters discussed in the immediately foregoing paragraphs where losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. It is possible, however, that some of the matters discussed in the foregoing paragraphs could be decided unfavorably to the Company and could require the Company to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts, or a range of amounts, that cannot be estimated as of September 30, 2021 and that are in excess of established reserves. The Company does not reasonably expect, except as otherwise described herein, based on its analysis, that any adverse outcome from such matters would have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, although such an outcome is possible.
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NOTE 15. Segment Information and Revenue Recognition
The Company’s single reportable segment is Electronics. The Company's Electronics segment provides vehicle cockpit electronics products to customers, including instrument clusters, information displays, infotainment systems, audio systems, telematics solutions, head-up displays, as well as battery monitoring systems. As the Company has one reportable segment, total assets, depreciation, amortization, and capital expenditures are equal to consolidated results.
Financial results for the Company's reportable segment have been prepared using a management approach, which is consistent with the basis and manner in which financial information is evaluated by the Company's chief operating decision maker in allocating resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the performance of the Company’s segment primarily based on net sales, before elimination of inter-company shipments, Adjusted EBITDA (a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure, as defined below), and operating assets.
Adjusted EBITDA
The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income attributable to the Company adjusted to eliminate the impact of depreciation and amortization, restructuring expense, net interest expense, equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates, gain and loss on divestiture, provision for income taxes, discontinued operations, net income attributable to non-controlling interests, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, and other gains and losses not reflective of the Company's ongoing operations.
Adjusted EBITDA is presented as a supplemental measure of the Company's financial performance that management believes is useful to investors because the excluded items may vary significantly in timing or amounts and/or may obscure trends useful in evaluating and comparing the Company's operating activities across reporting periods. Not all companies use identical calculations and, accordingly, the Company's presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under U.S. GAAP and does not purport to be a substitute for net income as an indicator of operating performance or cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management's discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments, and debt service requirements. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA as a factor in incentive compensation decisions and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company's business strategies. In addition, the Company's credit agreements use measures similar to Adjusted EBITDA to measure compliance with certain covenants.
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Segment Adjusted EBITDA and reconciliation to net income (loss) attributable to Visteon is as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (74) |
Depreciation and amortization | 27 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 75 |
Non-cash, stock-based compensation expense | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Provision for income taxes | 4 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 19 |
Interest expense, net | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 10 |
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Restructuring, net | (2) |  |  | 32 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 69 |
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (4) |
Other | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 117 |

Revenue Recognition
Disaggregated net sales by geographical market and product lines is as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Geographical Markets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Europe | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 707 |  |  | $ | 667 |
Americas | 158 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 519 |  |  | 446 |
China Domestic | 145 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 323 |
China Export | 51 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 145 |
Other Asia-Pacific | 94 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 261 |
Eliminations | (29) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (80) |  |  | (81) |
| $ | 631 |  |  | $ | 747 |  |  | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | 1,761 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Product Lines |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Instrument clusters | $ | 345 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 1,062 |  |  | $ | 901 |
Audio and infotainment | 122 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 333 |
Information displays | 71 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 298 |
Body and security | 25 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 66 |
Telematics | 15 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 43 |
Climate controls | 13 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 31 |
Other | 40 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 89 |
| $ | 631 |  |  | $ | 747 |  |  | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | 1,761 |

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, revenue recognized related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods represented less than 1% of consolidated net sales. The Company has no material contract assets, contract liabilities, or capitalized contract acquisition costs as of September 30, 2021.
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Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows of Visteon Corporation (“Visteon” or the “Company”). MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 18, 2021 and the financial statements and accompanying notes to the financial statements included elsewhere herein.
Executive Summary
Strategic Priorities
Visteon is a global automotive supplier that designs, engineers, and manufactures innovative automotive electronics and connected car solutions for the world’s major vehicle manufacturers. The automotive electronics market is expected to grow faster than underlying vehicle production volumes as the vehicle shifts from analog to digital and towards device and cloud connectivity, electric vehicles, and more advanced safety features.
The Company has laid out the following strategic priorities:
•Technology Innovation - The Company is an established global leader in automotive electronics and is positioned to provide solutions as the industry transitions to the next generation automotive experience. The cockpit is becoming fully digital, connected, automated, learning, and voice enabled while vehicles are also becoming electric and featuring more advanced safety capabilities. Visteon's broad portfolio of cockpit electronics technology, the industry's first wireless battery management system, and the development of the DriveCore™ advanced safety platform positions Visteon to support these macro trends in the automotive industry.
•Long-Term Growth and Margin Expansion - The Company has continued to win business at a rate that exceeds current sales levels by demonstrating product quality, technical and development capability, new product innovation, reliability, timeliness, product design, manufacturing capability, and flexibility, as well as overall customer service.
•Enhance Shareholder Returns - The Company has returned approximately $3.3 billion to shareholders since 2015 through a combination of ongoing share repurchases and a onetime $1.75 billion special distribution in 2016.
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Financial Results
The pie charts below highlight the net sales breakdown for Visteon for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
*Regional net sales are based on the geographic region where sales originate and not where customer is located (excludes inter-regional eliminations).
Global Automotive Market Conditions
The automotive industry was negatively impacted in 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic, with industry production coming to a stop at most locations at varying times throughout the first half of the year, followed by a faster than anticipated recovery in the second half of 2020. The recovery continued throughout the first three quarters of 2021, although retail demand has been muted in the third quarter due to ongoing inventory shortages at many dealerships due to the worldwide semiconductor supply shortage.
The surge in demand in the second half of 2020 has led to a worldwide semiconductor supply shortage, both in automotive and in other industries, through the third quarter of 2021. In addition, unusual events during the first quarter of 2021 including unusually cold weather in Austin, Texas in February and a supplier fire in Japan have led to reduced semiconductor availability. These factors have been further exacerbated by the continued COVID-19 pandemic, which has disrupted many parts of the supply chain, including the back-end processing of semiconductors in Malaysia. The magnitude of the impact on the financial statements and results of operations and cash flows will depend on the evolution of the semiconductor supply shortage, related plant production schedules and supply chain impacts.
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Results of Operations - Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
The Company's consolidated results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Net sales | $ | 631 |  |  | $ | 747 |  |  | $ | (116) |
Cost of sales | (584) |  |  | (648) |  |  | 64 |
Gross margin | 47 |  |  | 99 |  |  | (52) |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (42) |  |  | (45) |  |  | 3 |
Restructuring, net | 2 |  |  | (32) |  |  | 34 |
Interest expense, net | (2) |  |  | (5) |  |  | 3 |
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Other income, net | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |
Provision for income taxes | (4) |  |  | (12) |  |  | 8 |
Net income (loss) | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (3) |
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (2) |  |  | (4) |  |  | 2 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (1) |
Adjusted EBITDA* | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | (45) |
* Adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP financial measure, as further discussed below.

Net Sales, Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

(In millions) | Net Sales |  | Cost of Sales |  | Gross Margin |
Three months ended September 30, 2020 | $ | 747 |  |  | $ | (648) |  |  | $ | 99 |  |
Volume, mix, and net new business | (130) |  |  | 88 |  |  | (42) |  |
Currency | 13 |  |  | (11) |  |  | 2 |  |
Customer pricing | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |
Engineering costs, net * | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |
Cost performance, design changes and other | (7) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (18) |  |
Three months ended September 30, 2021 | $ | 631 |  |  | $ | (584) |  |  | $ | 47 |  |
*Excludes the impact of currency. |  |  |  |  |  |

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $631 million, representing a decrease of $116 million compared with the same period of 2020. Volumes and net new business decreased net sales by $130 million. Favorable currency increased net sales by $13 million, primarily attributable to the euro, Brazilian real, and Chinese renminbi. Favorable customer pricing increased net sales by $8 million primarily driven by customer recoveries related to supply chain and material cost increases associated with the worldwide semiconductor supply shortage. Cost performance, design changes and other decreased net sales by $7 million, primarily as a result of the non-recurrence of other revenue claims.
Cost of sales decreased by $64 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the same period in 2020. Volume, mix and net new business decreased cost of sales by $88 million. Foreign currency increased cost of sales by $11 million, primarily attributable to the euro, Brazilian real, and Chinese renminbi. Net engineering costs, excluding currency, increased cost of sales by $2 million. Unfavorable cost performance, design changes and other increased cost of sales by $11 million primarily due supply chain and material cost impacts associated with the worldwide semiconductor supply shortage and the non-recurrence of certain 2020 temporary austerity measures.
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A summary of net engineering costs is shown below:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Gross engineering costs | $ | (80) |  |  | $ | (79) |
Engineering recoveries | 28 |  |  | 31 |
Engineering costs, net | $ | (52) |  |  | $ | (48) |

Gross engineering costs relate to forward model program development and advanced engineering activities and exclude contractually reimbursable engineering costs. Net engineering costs of $52 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, including the impacts of currency, were $4 million higher than the same period of 2020. This increase is primarily related to the reclassification of certain program expenses from selling, general and administrative expenses to align with the Company's optimized structure and the non-recurrence of certain 2020 temporary austerity measures. These increases were partially offset by the benefits of previously announced restructuring actions and ongoing cost reduction efforts.
The Company's gross margin was $47 million or 7.4% of net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $99 million or 13.3% of net sales for the same period of 2020. Unfavorable volumes of $42 million were partially offset by favorable customer pricing of $8 million primarily due to customer recoveries. Favorable foreign currency impacts increased gross margin by $2 million, primarily attributable to the euro, Brazilian real, and Chinese renminbi. Unfavorable cost performance, design changes and other decreased gross margin by $18 million primarily due to supply chain and material cost impacts associated with the worldwide semiconductor supply shortage and the non-recurrence of certain 2020 austerity measures and revenue claims.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $42 million and $45 million, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Selling, general, and administrative expenses benefited from the reclassification of certain expenses to gross engineering and restructuring savings, partially offset by the non-recurrence of temporary austerity measures.
Restructuring, Net
During the third quarter of 2021, the Company released $2 million of restructuring expenses related to various 2020 programs based on a change in estimate.
During the third quarter of 2020, in response to COVID-19 and to improve efficiency and rationalize the Company’s footprint, the Company approved a plan related to cash severance, retention, and termination costs. The Company has incurred $30 million in restructuring costs related to this plan.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $2 million and $5 million, respectively. The decrease in interest expense for the three months is primarily due to the non-recurrence of interest expense incurred during the third quarter of 2020 related to the borrowings on the Company's $400 million revolving credit facility.
Equity in Net Income of Non-Consolidated Affiliates
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates was $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The decrease in income is primarily attributable due to decreased volumes at the Company's equity investment in Yanfeng Visteon Investment Co., Ltd.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net of $4 million and $3 million for the three-month periods ending September 30, 2021 and 2020 is primarily due to net pension financing benefits.
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Income Taxes
The Company's provision for income taxes of $4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 represents a decrease of $8 million compared with $12 million in the same period of 2020. The decrease in tax expense includes approximately $4 attributable to the overall decrease in year-over-year earnings, including changes in the mix of earnings and differing tax rates between jurisdictions, and withholding taxes. The decrease also reflects the non-recurrence of a $4 million income tax expense adjustment recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2020 related to the reassessment of the valuation allowances in connection with the realization of deferred tax assets in Germany.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure, as defined in Note 15, "Segment Information") was $42 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, representing a decrease of $45 million when compared to $87 million for the same period of 2020. Unfavorable volumes of $42 million and increased costs due to supply chain and material cost impacts associated with the worldwide semiconductor supply shortage as well as the non-recurrence of 2020 temporary austerity measures and revenue claims were partially offset by favorable customer pricing of $8 million.
The reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Visteon to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (1) |
Depreciation and amortization | 27 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2 |
Provision for income taxes | 4 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (8) |
Non-cash, stock-based compensation expense | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Interest expense, net | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (3) |
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (2) |
Restructuring expense, net | (2) |  |  | 32 |  |  | (34) |
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |
Other | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | (45) |

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Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
The Company's consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Net sales | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | 1,761 |  |  | $ | 226 |
Cost of sales | (1,832) |  |  | (1,605) |  |  | (227) |
Gross margin | 155 |  |  | 156 |  |  | (1) |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (131) |  |  | (140) |  |  | 9 |
Restructuring, net | 2 |  |  | (69) |  |  | 71 |
Interest expense, net | (6) |  |  | (10) |  |  | 4 |
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (2) |
Other income, net | 13 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3 |
Provision for income taxes | (20) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (1) |
Net income (loss) | 15 |  |  | (68) |  |  | 83 |
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (5) |  |  | (6) |  |  | 1 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (74) |  |  | $ | 84 |
Adjusted EBITDA* | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 19 |
* Adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP financial measure, as further discussed below.

Net Sales, Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

(In millions) | Net Sales |  | Cost of Sales |  | Gross Margin |
Nine months ended September 30, 2020 | $ | 1,761 |  |  | $ | (1,605) |  |  | $ | 156 |  |
Volume, mix, and net new business | 208 |  |  | (181) |  |  | 27 |  |
Currency | 49 |  |  | (37) |  |  | 12 |  |
Customer pricing | (24) |  |  | — |  |  | (24) |  |
Engineering costs, net * | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |  |
Cost performance, design changes and other | (7) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (31) |  |
Nine months ended September 30, 2021 | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | (1,832) |  |  | $ | 155 |  |
*Excludes the impact of currency. |  |  |  |  |  |

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $1,987 million, representing an increase of $226 million compared with the same period of 2020. Volume, mix, and net new business increased net sales by $208 million. Favorable currency increased net sales by $49 million, primarily attributable to the euro, Brazilian real, and Chinese renminbi. Annual customer pricing partially offset by customer recoveries decreased net sales by $24 million. Cost performance, design changes and other decreased net sales by $7 million primarily due to the non-recurrence of revenue claims.
Cost of sales increased by $227 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the same period in 2020. Volume, mix and net new business increased cost of sales by $181 million. Foreign currency increased cost of sales by $37 million, primarily attributable to the euro, Brazilian real, and Chinese renminbi. Net engineering costs, excluding currency, decreased cost of sales by $15 million. Unfavorable cost performance of $24 million was primarily due to supply chain and material cost impacts associated with the worldwide semiconductor supply shortage and the non-recurrence of certain 2020 austerity measures and revenue claims.
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A summary of net engineering costs is shown below:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Gross engineering costs | $ | (246) |  |  | $ | (257) |
Engineering recoveries | 88 |  |  | 91 |
Engineering costs, net | $ | (158) |  |  | $ | (166) |

Gross engineering costs relate to forward model program development and advanced engineering activities and exclude contractually reimbursable engineering costs. Net engineering costs of $158 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, including the impacts of currency, were $8 million lower than the same period of 2020. This decrease is primarily related to the benefits of previously announced restructuring actions and ongoing cost reduction efforts and the non-recurrence of certain 2020 temporary austerity measures, partially offset by the reclassification of certain program expenses from selling, general and administrative expenses to align with the Company's optimized structure.
The Company's gross margin was $155 million or 7.8% of net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $156 million or 8.9% of net sales for the same period of 2020. Favorable volumes of $27 million were partially offset by unfavorable net customer pricing of $24 million. Lower net engineering costs excluding currency, increased gross margin by $15 million. Unfavorable cost performance, design changes and other increased cost of sales $31 million due to supply chain and material cost impacts associated with the worldwide semiconductor shortage as well as the non-recurrence of 2020 temporary austerity measures and revenue claims.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $131 million and $140 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease is primarily related to previously announced restructuring actions and the reclassification of certain program expenses to gross engineering costs to align with the Company's optimized structure partially offset by the non-recurrence of certain 2020 temporary austerity measures.
Restructuring, Net
During 2020 the Company approved various restructuring programs impacting engineering, administrative and manufacturing functions to improve efficiency and rationalize the Company's footprint. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 the Company released $2 million and recorded $69 million of net restructuring expense, respectively, related to these programs.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, was $6 million and $10 million, respectively. The decrease in interest expense for the nine months is primarily due to the non-recurrence of interest expense incurred during 2020 related to the borrowings on the Company's $400 million revolving credit facility.
Equity in Net Income of Non-Consolidated Affiliates
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates was $2 million and $4 million for the nine month periods ending September 30, 2021 and 2020. The decrease in income is primarily attributable due to decreased volumes at the Company's equity investment in Yanfeng Visteon Investment Co., Ltd.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net of $13 million and $10 million for the nine-month periods ending September 30, 2021 and 2020 is primarily due to net pension financing benefits.
31

Income Taxes
The Company's provision for income taxes of $20 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, represents an increase of $1 million, when compared with $19 million in the same period of 2020. The increase in tax expense includes approximately $3 million attributable to the overall increase in pretax earnings, including changes in the mix of earnings and differing tax rates between jurisdictions, and withholding taxes. Other year-over-year increases include $2 million related to uncertain tax positions attributable to certain related party transactions and non-recurrence of certain tax law changes in India. These increases were largely offset by the non-recurrence of a $4 million income tax expense adjustment recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2020 related to the reassessment of the valuation allowances in connection with the realization of deferred tax assets in Germany.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure, as defined in Note 15, "Segment Information") was $136 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, representing an increase of $19 million when compared $117 million for the same period of 2020. Adjusted EBITDA was favorably impacted by higher volumes of $27 million, foreign currency impacts of $8 million primarily attributable to the euro, Brazilian real, and Chinese renminbi and lower net engineering costs, excluding currency, of $15 million. These increases were partially offset by unfavorable net customer pricing of $24 million, cost performance, design changes and other primarily due to supply chain and material cost impacts associated with the semiconductor supply shortage and the non-recurrence of certain 2020 temporary austerity measures and revenue claims.
The reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to Visteon to Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (74) |  |  | $ | 84 |
Depreciation and amortization | 82 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 7 |
Provision for income taxes | 20 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 1 |
Non-cash, stock-based compensation expense | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |
Interest expense, net | 6 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (4) |
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1) |
Restructuring expense, net | (2) |  |  | 69 |  |  | (71) |
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates | (2) |  |  | (4) |  |  | 2 |
Other | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 19 |

Liquidity
The Company's primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, existing cash balances, and borrowings under available credit facilities. As we continue to evaluate ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic including the semiconductor supply shortage and other supply chain impacts, the Company believes funds generated from these sources will continue to sufficiently sustain ongoing operations and support investment in differentiating technologies. The Company will continue to closely monitor its available liquidity and maintain access to additional liquidity to weather these challenging conditions. The Company's intra-year needs are normally impacted by seasonal effects in the industry, such as mid-year shutdowns, the ramp-up of new model production, and year-end shutdowns at key customers. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related semiconductor supply shortage may exacerbate the intra-year requirements.
A substantial portion of the Company's cash flows from operations are generated by operations located outside of the United States. Accordingly, the Company utilizes a combination of cash repatriation strategies, including dividends and distributions, royalties, and other intercompany arrangements to provide the funds necessary to meet obligations globally. The Company’s ability to access funds from its subsidiaries is subject to, among other things, customary regulatory and statutory requirements and contractual arrangements including joint venture agreements and local credit facilities. Moreover, repatriation efforts may be modified by the Company according to prevailing circumstances.
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Access to additional capital through the debt or equity markets is influenced by the Company's credit ratings. As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s corporate credit rating is Ba3 and BB- by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s, respectively. See Note 8, "Debt" for a comprehensive discussion of the Company's debt facilities. Incremental funding requirements of the Company's consolidated foreign entities are primarily accommodated by intercompany cash pooling structures. Affiliate working capital lines, which may be utilized by the Company's local subsidiaries and consolidated joint ventures, had availability of $191 million and the Company had $400 million of available credit under the revolving credit facility, as of September 30, 2021.
Cash Balances
As of September 30, 2021, the Company had total cash and cash equivalents of $401 million, including $4 million of restricted cash. Cash balances totaling $336 million were located in jurisdictions outside of the United States, of which approximately $130 million is considered permanently reinvested for funding ongoing operations outside of the U.S. If such permanently reinvested funds were repatriated to the U.S., no U.S. federal taxes would be imposed on the distribution of such foreign earnings due to U.S. tax reform enacted in December 2017. However, the Company would be required to accrue additional tax expense, primarily related to foreign withholding taxes.
Other Items Affecting Liquidity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, cash contributions to the Company's defined benefit plans were approximately $12 million for U.S. plans and $5 million for non-U.S. plans. The Company estimates that total cash contributions to its pension plans during 2021 will be approximately $19 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company paid $29 million related to restructuring activities. Additional discussion regarding the Company's restructuring activities is included in Note 3, "Restructuring Activities." The Company estimates that total cash restructuring payments during 2021 will be approximately $35 million.
The Company committed to make a $15 million investment in two funds managed by venture capital firms principally focused on the automotive sector pursuant to limited partnership agreements. As of September 30, 2021, the Company contributed $7 million toward the aggregate investment commitments. As a limited partner in each entity, the Company will periodically make capital contributions toward this total commitment amount.
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Cash Flows
Operating Activities
The Company used $12 million of cash from operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in cash from operations as compared to prior year is primarily attributable to lower Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure, as discussed in Note 15, "Segment Information"), working capital outflows of $100 million primarily related to higher inventory levels resulting from the worldwide semiconductor supply shortage and restructuring payments of $29 million related to previously announced restructuring actions. These decreases were partially offset by a dividend received from an equity method investment.
Investing Activities
Net cash used by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $50 million, representing a $27 million decrease as compared to $77 million use of cash from investing activities during the same period in 2020. Lower cash used from investing activities is primarily attributable to a $29 million reduction in capital expenditures during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020.
Financing Activities
Cash used by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $26 million, as compared to $60 million cash used by financing activities during the same period in 2020, representing a decrease of cash used by financing activities of $34 million. Net cash used during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is attributable to $33 million of dividends paid to non-controlling interests, partially offset by short-term borrowings, primarily in Brazil.
Net cash used by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is attributable to the repayment of $37 million of short-term debt primarily at the Company's Chinese joint venture operations, $16 million of share repurchases, and $7 million of dividends paid to non-controlling interests.
Debt and Capital Structure
See Note 8, “Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1.
Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.
Fair Value Measurements
See Note 13, “Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained or incorporated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q which are not statements of historical fact constitute “Forward-Looking Statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”). Forward-looking statements give current expectations or forecasts of future events. Words such as “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “seek”, “estimate” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with discussions of future operating or financial performance signify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and estimates, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent the Company’s estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. The Company does not intend to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the statement is made and qualifies all of its forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
You should understand that various factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this document, could affect the Company’s future results and could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements, including:
•Continued and future impacts of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic on the Visteon’s financial condition and business operations including global supply chain disruptions, market downturns, reduced consumer demand, and new government actions or restrictions.
•Significant or prolonged shortage of critical components from Visteon’s suppliers including, but not limited to semiconductors, and particularly those components from suppliers who are sole or primary sources.
•Significant changes in the competitive environment in the major markets where Visteon procures materials, components, or supplies or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.
•Visteon’s ability to satisfy its future capital and liquidity requirements; Visteon’s ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on terms acceptable to Visteon; Visteon’s ability to comply with covenants applicable to it; and the continuation of acceptable supplier payment terms.
•Visteon’s ability to access funds generated by its foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures on a timely and cost-effective basis.
•Changes in the operations (including products, product planning and part sourcing), financial condition, results of operations, or market share of Visteon’s customers.
•Changes in vehicle production volume of Visteon’s customers in the markets where it operates.
•Increases in commodity costs or disruptions in the supply of commodities, including resins, copper, fuel, and natural gas.
•Visteon’s ability to generate cost savings to offset or exceed agreed-upon price reductions or price reductions to win additional business and, in general, improve its operating performance; to achieve the benefits of its restructuring actions; and to recover engineering and tooling costs and capital investments.
•Visteon’s ability to compete favorably with automotive parts suppliers with lower cost structures and greater ability to rationalize operations; and to exit non-performing businesses on satisfactory terms, particularly due to limited flexibility under existing labor agreements.
•Restrictions in labor contracts with unions that restrict Visteon’s ability to close plants, divest unprofitable, noncompetitive businesses, change local work rules and practices at a number of facilities and implement cost-saving measures.
•The costs and timing of facility closures or dispositions, business or product realignments, or similar restructuring actions, including potential asset impairment or other charges related to the implementation of these actions or other adverse industry conditions and contingent liabilities.
•Legal and administrative proceedings, investigations and claims, including shareholder class actions, inquiries by regulatory agencies, product liability, warranty, employee-related, environmental and safety claims and any recalls of products manufactured or sold by Visteon.
•Changes in economic conditions, currency exchange rates, changes in foreign laws, regulations or trade policies or political stability in foreign countries where Visteon procures materials, components or supplies or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.
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•Shortages of materials or interruptions in transportation systems, labor strikes, work stoppages or other interruptions to or difficulties in the employment of labor in the major markets where Visteon purchases materials, components or supplies to manufacture its products or where its products are manufactured, distributed or sold.
•Visteon’s ability to satisfy its pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations, and to retire outstanding debt and satisfy other contractual commitments, all at the levels and times planned by management.
•Changes in laws, regulations, policies or other activities of governments, agencies and similar organizations, domestic and foreign, that may tax or otherwise increase the cost of, or otherwise affect, the manufacture, licensing, distribution, sale, ownership, or use of Visteon’s products or assets.
•Possible terrorist attacks or acts of war, which could exacerbate other risks such as slowed vehicle production, interruptions in the transportation system, changes in fuel prices, and disruptions of supply.
•The cyclical and seasonal nature of the automotive industry.
•Visteon’s ability to comply with environmental, safety, and other regulations applicable to it and any increase in the requirements, responsibilities and associated expenses and expenditures of these regulations.
•Visteon’s ability to protect its intellectual property rights and to respond to changes in technology and technological risks and to claims by others that Visteon infringes their intellectual property rights.
•Visteon’s ability to quickly and adequately remediate control deficiencies in its internal control over financial reporting.
•Other factors, risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in Visteon’s Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The primary market risks to which the Company is exposed include changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and certain commodity prices. The Company manages these risks through operating actions including fixed price contracts with suppliers and cost sourcing arrangements with customers and through various derivative instruments. The Company's use of derivative instruments is strictly intended for hedging purposes to mitigate market risks pursuant to written risk management policies. Accordingly, derivative instruments are not used for speculative or trading purposes. The Company's use of derivative instruments creates exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counter-party to the derivative financial instruments. The Company limits this exposure by entering into agreements directly with a variety of major financial institutions with high credit standards and that are expected to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. Additionally, the Company's ability to utilize derivatives to manage market risk is dependent on credit conditions, market conditions, and prevailing economic environment.
Foreign Currency Risk
The Company's cash flows are exposed to the risk of adverse changes in exchange rates as related to the sale of products in countries other than the manufacturing source, foreign currency denominated supplier payments, debt and other payables, dividends, investments in subsidiaries, and anticipated foreign currency denominated transaction proceeds. Where possible, the Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate risks. Forward and option contracts may be utilized to mitigate the impact exchange rate variability on the Company's cash flows. Foreign currency exposures are reviewed periodically and any natural offsets are considered prior to entering into a derivative financial instrument. The Company’s current primary hedged currency exposures include the Japanese yen, euro, Thai baht, and Mexican peso. The Company utilizes a strategy of partial coverage for transactions in these currencies. The Company's policy requires that hedge transactions relate to a specific portion of the exposure not to exceed the aggregate amount of the underlying transaction.
In addition to the transactional exposure described above, the Company's operating results are impacted by the translation of its foreign operating income into U.S. dollars. The Company does not enter into currency exchange rate contracts to mitigate this exposure.
The hypothetical pre-tax gain or loss in fair value from a 10% favorable or adverse change in quoted currency exchange rates would be $30 million and $31 million for currency derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. These estimated changes assume a parallel shift in all currency exchange rates and include the gain or loss on financial instruments used to hedge investments in subsidiaries. Because exchange rates typically do not all move in the same direction, the estimate may overstate the impact of changing exchange rates on the net fair value of the Company's financial derivatives. It is also important to note that gains and losses indicated in the sensitivity analysis would generally be offset by gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged.
Interest Rate Risk
See Note 13, "Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments" to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 for additional information.
Commodity Risk
The Company's exposures to market risk from changes in the price of production material are managed primarily through negotiations with suppliers and customers, although there can be no assurance that the Company will recover all such costs. The Company continues to evaluate derivatives available in the marketplace and may decide to utilize derivatives in the future to manage select commodity risks if an acceptable hedging instrument is identified for the Company's exposure level at that time, as well as the effectiveness of the financial hedge among other factors.
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Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in periodic reports filed with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of September 30, 2021, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2021.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II
Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See the information above under Note 14, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the condensed consolidated financial statements which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
For information regarding factors that could affect the Company's results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. See also, "Forward-Looking Statements" included in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
There were no purchases made by or on behalf of the Company, or an affiliated purchaser, of shares of the Company’s common stock during the third quarter of 2021.
Item 6.Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the "Exhibit Index" on Page 40 hereof are filed with this report or incorporated by reference as set forth therein.
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Exhibit Index

Exhibit No. |  | Description
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer dated October 28, 2021.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer dated October 28, 2021.
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer dated October 28, 2021.
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer dated October 28, 2021.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document.**
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.**
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.**
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.**
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.**
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.**

* Indicates that exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
** Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files as Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.
In lieu of filing certain instruments with respect to long-term debt of the kind described in Item 601(b)(4) of Regulation S-K, Visteon agrees to furnish a copy of such instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Visteon Corporation has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| VISTEON CORPORATION
| By: | /s/ Abigail S. Fleming
|  | Abigail S. Fleming
|  | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

Date: October 28, 2021
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