10-Q 1 pii-09302017x10xq.htm 10-Q
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one) |  |
x |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
OR

¨ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-11411

POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Minnesota |  | 41-1790959
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2100 Highway 55, Medina MN |  | 55340
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)
| (763) 542-0500 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ¨
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨
|  | Emerging growth company | ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of October 19, 2017, 62,542,268 shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value, of the registrant were outstanding.

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POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC. FORM 10-Q For Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2017
|  |  | Page
Part I FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
| Item 1 – Financial Statements | 3
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
| Item 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17
|  | Results of Operations | 18
|  | Liquidity and Capital Resources | 21
|  | Inflation and Foreign Exchange Rates | 24
|  | Critical Accounting Policies | 25
|  | Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements | 25
| Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 25
| Item 4 – Controls and Procedures | 25
Part II OTHER INFORMATION |
| Item 1 – Legal Proceedings | 26
| Item 1A – Risk Factors | 26
| Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 26
| Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures | 27
| Item 6 – Exhibits | 27
SIGNATURES | 28

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Part I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except per share data)
| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| (Unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 132,260 |  |  | $ | 127,325 |
Trade receivables, net | 184,074 |  |  | 174,832 |
Inventories, net | 841,922 |  |  | 746,534 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 80,859 |  |  | 91,636 |
Income taxes receivable | 9,535 |  |  | 50,662 |
Total current assets | 1,248,650 |  |  | 1,190,989 |
Property and equipment, net | 735,441 |  |  | 727,596 |
Investment in finance affiliate | 70,910 |  |  | 94,009 |
Deferred tax assets | 191,287 |  |  | 188,471 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | 784,616 |  |  | 792,979 |
Other long-term assets | 102,162 |  |  | 105,553 |
Total assets | $ | 3,133,066 |  |  | $ | 3,099,597 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of debt, capital lease obligations and notes payable | $ | 27,835 |  |  | $ | 3,847 |
Accounts payable | 385,858 |  |  | 273,742 |
Accrued expenses: |  |  |
Compensation | 148,280 |  |  | 122,214 |
Warranties | 112,085 |  |  | 119,274 |
Sales promotions and incentives | 192,568 |  |  | 158,562 |
Dealer holdback | 117,934 |  |  | 117,574 |
Other | 183,030 |  |  | 162,432 |
Income taxes payable | 27,448 |  |  | 2,106 |
Total current liabilities | 1,195,038 |  |  | 959,751 |
Long-term income taxes payable | 22,036 |  |  | 26,391 |
Capital lease obligations | 18,451 |  |  | 17,538 |
Long-term debt | 873,698 |  |  | 1,120,525 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 9,366 |  |  | 9,127 |
Other long-term liabilities | 107,182 |  |  | 90,497 |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,225,771 |  |  | $ | 2,223,829 |
Deferred compensation | $ | 11,331 |  |  | $ | 8,728 |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock $0.01 par value, 20,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock $0.01 par value, 160,000 shares authorized, 62,540 and 63,109 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 631 |
Additional paid-in capital | 688,798 |  |  | 650,162 |
Retained earnings | 250,544 |  |  | 300,084 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | (44,003 | ) |  | (83,837 | )
Total shareholders’ equity | 895,964 |  |  | 867,040 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 3,133,066 |  |  | $ | 3,099,597 |

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
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POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (In thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Sales | $ | 1,478,726 |  |  | $ | 1,185,067 |  |  | $ | 3,997,428 |  |  | $ | 3,298,840 |
Cost of sales | 1,114,764 |  |  | 924,297 |  |  | 3,040,589 |  |  | 2,505,989 |
Gross profit | 363,962 |  |  | 260,770 |  |  | 956,839 |  |  | 792,851 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing | 122,642 |  |  | 89,751 |  |  | 355,486 |  |  | 244,812 |
Research and development | 63,129 |  |  | 47,568 |  |  | 175,887 |  |  | 136,256 |
General and administrative | 79,421 |  |  | 85,257 |  |  | 245,998 |  |  | 219,403 |
Total operating expenses | 265,192 |  |  | 222,576 |  |  | 777,371 |  |  | 600,471 |
Income from financial services | 18,138 |  |  | 19,195 |  |  | 57,711 |  |  | 59,155 |
Operating income | 116,908 |  |  | 57,389 |  |  | 237,179 |  |  | 251,535 |
Non-operating expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 8,492 |  |  | 4,051 |  |  | 24,438 |  |  | 10,718 |
Equity in loss of other affiliates | 1,603 |  |  | 1,798 |  |  | 4,839 |  |  | 5,439 |
Other expense (income), net | (2,368 | ) |  | 5,700 |  |  | 7,088 |  |  | 7,586 |
Income before income taxes | 109,181 |  |  | 45,840 |  |  | 200,814 |  |  | 227,792 |
Provision for income taxes | 27,293 |  |  | 13,528 |  |  | 59,796 |  |  | 77,425 |
Net income | $ | 81,888 |  |  | $ | 32,312 |  |  | $ | 141,018 |  |  | $ | 150,367 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 2.24 |  |  | $ | 2.33 |
Diluted | $ | 1.28 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 2.21 |  |  | $ | 2.30 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 62,646 |  |  | 64,151 |  |  | 62,890 |  |  | 64,535 |
Diluted | 63,885 |  |  | 65,027 |  |  | 63,942 |  |  | 65,435 |

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
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POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income | $ | 81,888 |  |  | $ | 32,312 |  |  | $ | 141,018 |  |  | $ | 150,367 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax benefit (expense) of ($20) and ($455) in 2017 and $13 and $41 in 2016 | 10,606 |  |  | 1,528 |  |  | 41,042 |  |  | 490 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax benefit (expense) of $99 and $748 in 2017 and ($1,570) and $2,748 in 2016 | (167 | ) |  | 2,638 |  |  | (1,208 | ) |  | (4,621 | )
Comprehensive income | $ | 92,327 |  |  | $ | 36,478 |  |  | $ | 180,852 |  |  | $ | 146,236 |

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
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POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) (Unaudited)
| Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 141,018 |  |  | $ | 150,367 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 138,105 |  |  | 121,903 |
Noncash compensation | 34,249 |  |  | 43,137 |
Noncash income from financial services | (20,131 | ) |  | (22,354 | )
Deferred income taxes | (2,703 | ) |  | (8,134 | )
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation | — |  |  | (1,408 | )
Impairment charges | 25,395 |  |  | — |
Other, net | 4,839 |  |  | 12,027 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Trade receivables | (447 | ) |  | 5,686 |
Inventories | (83,621 | ) |  | (33,804 | )
Accounts payable | 108,198 |  |  | 5,702 |
Accrued expenses | 80,949 |  |  | 145,207 |
Income taxes payable/receivable | 62,336 |  |  | (278 | )
Prepaid expenses and others, net | 6,277 |  |  | 8,193 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 494,464 |  |  | 426,244 |
Investing Activities: |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment | (126,647 | ) |  | (155,360 | )
Investment in finance affiliate, net | 43,230 |  |  | 29,223 |
Investment in other affiliates | (7,110 | ) |  | (6,861 | )
Acquisition and disposal of businesses, net of cash acquired | 1,645 |  |  | (54,830 | )
Net cash used for investing activities | (88,882 | ) |  | (187,828 | )
Financing Activities: |  |  |
Borrowings under debt arrangements / capital lease obligations | 1,623,577 |  |  | 1,767,272 |
Repayments under debt arrangements / capital lease obligations | (1,850,247 | ) |  | (1,795,316 | )
Repurchase and retirement of common shares | (88,877 | ) |  | (154,381 | )
Cash dividends to shareholders | (108,923 | ) |  | (105,732 | )
Proceeds from stock issuances under employee plans | 14,226 |  |  | 15,651 |
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation | — |  |  | 1,408 |
Net cash used for financing activities | (410,244 | ) |  | (271,098 | )
Impact of currency exchange rates on cash balances | 9,597 |  |  | 29 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 4,935 |  |  | (32,653 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 127,325 |  |  | 155,349 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 132,260 |  |  | $ | 122,696 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Information: |  |  |
Interest paid on debt borrowings | $ | 21,968 |  |  | $ | 8,731 |
Income taxes paid (refunded) | $ | (582 | ) |  | $ | 82,789 |

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
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POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Polaris Industries Inc. (“Polaris” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial statements and, therefore, do not include all information and disclosures of results of operations, financial position and changes in cash flow in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. Accordingly, such statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, such statements reflect all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. Due to the seasonality trends for certain products and to certain changes in production and shipping cycles, results of such periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the complete year.
Fair value measurements. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified using the following hierarchy, which is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation as of the measurement date:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
In making fair value measurements, observable market data must be used when available. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its non-qualified deferred compensation assets and liabilities, and the income approach for foreign currency contracts and commodity contracts. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities, and for the income approach the Company uses significant other observable inputs to value its derivative instruments used to hedge foreign currency and commodity transactions.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

| Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2017
Asset (Liability) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Non-qualified deferred compensation assets | $ | 51,959 |  |  | $ | 51,959 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 51,959 |  |  | $ | 51,959 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-qualified deferred compensation liabilities | $ | (51,959 | ) |  | $ | (51,959 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange contracts, net | (1,685 | ) |  | — |  |  | $ | (1,685 | ) |  | — |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | (53,644 | ) |  | $ | (51,959 | ) |  | $ | (1,685 | ) |  | — |
| Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016
Asset (Liability) | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Non-qualified deferred compensation assets | $ | 49,330 |  |  | $ | 49,330 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange contracts, net | 298 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 49,628 |  |  | $ | 49,330 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | — |
Non-qualified deferred compensation liabilities | $ | (49,330 | ) |  | $ | (49,330 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | (49,330 | ) |  | $ | (49,330 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |

Fair value of other financial instruments. The carrying values of the Company’s short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and short-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt, capital lease obligations and notes payable, approximate their fair values. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, capital lease obligations and notes payable was approximately $931,601,000 and
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$1,156,181,000, respectively, and was determined using Level 2 inputs, including quoted market prices or discounted cash flows based on quoted market rates for similar types of debt. The carrying value of long-term debt, capital lease obligations and notes payable including current maturities was $919,984,000 and $1,141,910,000 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Inventories. Inventory costs include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs, including depreciation expense associated with the manufacture and distribution of the Company’s products. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. The major components of inventories are as follows (in thousands):

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Raw materials and purchased components | $ | 196,233 |  |  | $ | 141,566 |
Service parts, garments and accessories | 331,539 |  |  | 316,383 |
Finished goods | 368,410 |  |  | 333,760 |
Less: reserves | (54,260 | ) |  | (45,175 | )
Inventories | $ | 841,922 |  |  | $ | 746,534 |

Product warranties. Polaris provides a limited warranty for its vehicles for a period of six months to two years, depending on the product. Polaris provides longer warranties in certain geographical markets as determined by local regulations and market conditions and may also provide longer warranties related to certain promotional programs. Polaris’ standard warranties require the Company or its dealers to repair or replace defective products during such warranty periods at no cost to the consumer. The warranty reserve is established at the time of sale to the dealer or distributor based on management’s best estimate using historical rates and trends. Adjustments to the warranty reserve are made from time to time as actual claims become known in order to properly estimate the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims on products sold as of the balance sheet date. Factors that could have an impact on the warranty accrual in any given period include the following: change in manufacturing quality, shifts in product mix, changes in warranty coverage periods, snowfall and its impact on snowmobile usage, product recalls and any significant changes in sales volume. The activity in the warranty reserve during the periods presented was as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 108,403 |  |  | $ | 76,873 |  |  | $ | 119,274 |  |  | $ | 56,474 |
Additions to warranty reserve through acquisitions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
Additions charged to expense | 42,039 |  |  | 87,679 |  |  | 103,855 |  |  | 155,210 |
Warranty claims paid, net | (38,357 | ) |  | (34,498 | ) |  | (111,044 | ) |  | (81,777 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 112,085 |  |  | $ | 130,054 |  |  | $ | 112,085 |  |  | $ | 130,054 |

During 2016, the Company incurred significant additions to the warranty reserve, primarily associated with recall activity for certain RZR ORVs. In April 2016, the Company issued a voluntary recall for certain RZR 900 and 1000 ORVs manufactured since model year 2013 due to reports of thermal-related incidents, including fire, and in September 2016, the Company issued a voluntary recall for certain RZR XP Turbo off-road vehicles due to similar thermal-related incidents.
Deferred revenue. In the second quarter of 2016, Polaris began financing its self-insured risks related to extended service contracts (“ESCs”). The premiums for ESCs are primarily recognized in income in proportion to the costs expected to be incurred over the contract period. Additionally, in the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company acquired Transamerican Auto Parts (“TAP”), which recognizes revenues related to sales of its extended warranty programs for tires and other products over the term of the warranty period which vary from two to five years. Warranty costs are recognized as incurred. Revenues related to sales of its extended warranty program for powertrains and related accrued costs for claims are deferred and amortized over the warranty period, generally five years, while warranty administrative costs are recognized as incurred. The activity in the deferred revenue reserve during the periods presented was as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 36,188 |  |  | $ | 8,100 |  |  | $ | 26,157 |  |  | — |
New contracts sold | 6,962 |  |  | 3,554 |  |  | 22,076 |  |  | $ | 11,830 |
Less: reductions for revenue recognized | (3,130 | ) |  | (354 | ) |  | (8,213 | ) |  | (530 | )
Balance at end of period (1) | $ | 40,020 |  |  | $ | 11,300 |  |  | $ | 40,020 |  |  | $ | 11,300 |

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(1) Unamortized extended service contract premiums (deferred revenue) of $16,045,000 and $23,975,000 were recorded in other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities, respectively, as of September 30, 2017.
New accounting pronouncements.
Share-based payment accounting. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. As a result of the adoption, the Company recognized a tax benefit of $4,397,000 and $7,546,000 of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments in our provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. These items were historically recorded in additional paid-in capital. In addition, for each period presented, cash flows related to excess tax benefits are now classified as an operating activity along with other income tax related cash flows. The Company elected to apply the change in presentation of excess tax benefits in the statements of cash flows on a prospective basis. The Company’s compensation expense each period continues to reflect estimated forfeitures.
Revenue from contracts with customers. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue from the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), and ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. These ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance stated in ASU 2014-09, instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within the revenue standard. These ASUs will have the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2014-09.
The Company has completed a preliminary assessment of the impact of ASU 2014-09 and other related ASUs, and does not anticipate that the impact of adoption will be significant to the Company’s financial statements, accounting policies or processes. The Company will expand its revenue related disclosures as a result of adopting the new standard, which will primarily include revenue disaggregation. The Company will adopt ASU 2014-09 for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach.
Statement of cash flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that restricted cash be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The provisions of ASU 2016-18 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt the requirements of the new standard for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018, using the retrospective transition method, as required by the new standard. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact to the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU requires most lessees to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities, but recognize expenses in a manner similar with current accounting standards. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this new standard on the financial statements.
Derivatives and hedging. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This ASU better aligns accounting rules with a company’s risk management activities; better reflects economic results of hedging in financial statements; and simplifies hedge accounting treatment. The standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this new standard on the financial statements.
There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on Polaris’ consolidated financial statements.
Note 2. Acquisitions
Transamerican Auto Parts
On October 11, 2016, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with TAP Automotive Holdings, LLC
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(“Transamerican Auto Parts” or “TAP”) to acquire the outstanding equity interests in Transamerican Auto Parts, a privately held, vertically integrated manufacturer, distributor, retailer and installer of off-road Jeep® and truck accessories, for an aggregate consideration of $668,348,000, net of cash acquired. TAP’s products and services for customers in the off-road four-wheel-drive market correspond closely to our ORV business. The transaction closed on November 10, 2016. The Company funded the purchase price with borrowings under its existing credit facilities.
As of September 30, 2017, the purchase price allocation for the acquisition is preliminary. The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values assigned to the TAP net assets acquired and the determination of final net assets (in thousands):

Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,017 |
Trade receivables | 18,214 |
Inventory | 145,612 |
Property, plant and equipment | 32,814 |
Customer relationships | 87,000 |
Trademarks / trade names | 175,500 |
Goodwill | 264,324 |
Other assets | 18,578 |
Deferred revenue | (7,944 | )
Other liabilities assumed | (65,750 | )
Total fair value of net assets acquired | 671,365 |
Less cash acquired | (3,017 | )
Total consideration for acquisition, less cash acquired | $ | 668,348 |

On the acquisition date, amortizable intangible assets had a weighted-average useful life of 8.9 years. The customer relationships were valued based on the Discounted Cash Flow Method and are amortized over 5-10 years, depending on the customer class. The trademarks and trade names were valued on the Relief from Royalty Method and have indefinite remaining useful lives. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
The following unaudited pro forma information represents the Company’s results of operations as if the fiscal 2016 acquisition of TAP had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2015 (in thousands, except per share data). These performance results may not be indicative of the actual results that would have occurred under the ownership and management of the Company.

| Three months ended September 30, 2016 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2016
Net sales | $ | 1,367,944 |  |  | $ | 3,867,221 |
Net income | $ | 36,603 |  |  | $ | 165,670 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 2.56 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 2.53 |

Note 3. Share-Based Compensation
The amount of compensation cost for share-based awards to be recognized during a period is based on the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company analyzes historical data to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and records share-based compensation expense for those awards expected to vest.
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Total share-based compensation expenses were comprised as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Option plan | $ | 5,766 |  |  | $ | 6,210 |  |  | $ | 12,837 |  |  | $ | 17,772 |
Other share-based awards | (3,919 | ) |  | (3,139 | ) |  | 18,191 |  |  | 15,680 |
Total share-based compensation before tax | 1,847 |  |  | 3,071 |  |  | 31,028 |  |  | 33,452 |
Tax benefit | 686 |  |  | 1,146 |  |  | 11,524 |  |  | 12,478 |
Total share-based compensation expense included in net income | $ | 1,161 |  |  | $ | 1,925 |  |  | $ | 19,504 |  |  | $ | 20,974 |

In addition to the above share-based compensation expenses, Polaris sponsors a qualified non-leveraged employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). Shares allocated to eligible participants’ accounts vest at various percentage rates based on years of service and require no cash payments from the recipient.
At September 30, 2017, there was $105,401,000 of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested share-based equity awards. Unrecognized share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.72 years. Included in unrecognized share-based compensation expense is approximately $36,774,000 related to stock options and $68,627,000 for restricted stock.
Note 4. Financing Agreements
The carrying value of debt, capital lease obligations, notes payable and the average related interest rates were as follows (in thousands):

| Average interest rate at September 30, 2017 |  | Maturity |  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Revolving loan facility |  |  | May 2021 |  | — |  |  | $ | 172,142 |
Term loan facility | 2.52% |  | May 2021 |  | $ | 690,000 |  |  | 740,000 |
Senior notes—fixed rate | 3.81% |  | May 2018 |  | 25,000 |  |  | 25,000 |
Senior notes—fixed rate | 4.60% |  | May 2021 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 75,000 |
Senior notes—fixed rate | 3.13% |  | December 2020 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
Capital lease obligations | 5.15% |  | Various through 2029 |  | 20,092 |  |  | 19,306 |
Notes payable and other | 3.50% |  | June 2027 |  | 12,383 |  |  | 13,618 |
Debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  | (2,491 | ) |  | (3,156 | )
Total debt, capital lease obligations, and notes payable |  |  |  |  | $ | 919,984 |  |  | $ | 1,141,910 |
Less: current maturities |  |  |  |  | 27,835 |  |  | 3,847 |
Total long-term debt, capital lease obligations, and notes payable |  |  |  |  | $ | 892,149 |  |  | $ | 1,138,063 |

In August 2011, Polaris entered into a $350,000,000 unsecured revolving loan facility. In March 2015, Polaris amended the loan facility to increase the facility to $500,000,000 and to provide more beneficial covenant and interest rate terms. The amended terms also extended the expiration date to March 2020. Interest is charged at rates based on a LIBOR or “prime” base rate. In May 2016, Polaris amended the revolving loan facility to increase the facility to $600,000,000 and extend the expiration date to May 2021. The amended terms also established a $500,000,000 term loan facility. In November 2016, Polaris amended the revolving loan facility to increase the term loan facility to $750,000,000, of which $690,000,000 is outstanding as of September 30, 2017.
In December 2010, the Company entered into a Master Note Purchase Agreement to issue $25,000,000 of unsecured senior notes due May 2018 and $75,000,000 of unsecured senior notes due May 2021 (collectively, the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes were issued in May 2011. In December 2013, the Company entered into a First Supplement to Master Note Purchase Agreement, under which the Company issued $100,000,000 of unsecured senior notes due December 2020.
The unsecured revolving loan facility and the Master Note Purchase Agreement contain covenants that require Polaris to maintain certain financial ratios, including minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios. Polaris was in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2017.
The debt issuance costs are recognized as a reduction in the carrying value of the related long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense in our consolidated statements of income over the expected remaining terms of the related debt.
A property lease agreement for a manufacturing facility which Polaris began occupying in Opole, Poland commenced in February 2014. The Poland property lease is accounted for as a capital lease.
The Company has a mortgage note payable agreement for land, on which Polaris built the Huntsville, Alabama manufacturing facility in 2016. The original mortgage note payable was for $14,500,000, of which $12,083,000 is outstanding as of September 30, 2017. The payment of principal and interest for the note payable is forgivable if the Company satisfies certain job commitments over the term of the note. The Company has met the required commitments to date. Forgivable loans related to other Company facilities are also included within notes payable.
Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Goodwill | $ | 430,766 |  |  | $ | 421,563 |
Other intangible assets, net | 353,850 |  |  | 371,416 |
Total goodwill and other intangible assets, net | $ | 784,616 |  |  | $ | 792,979 |

There have been no material additions to goodwill and other intangible assets in 2017. In March 2016, the Company acquired Taylor-Dunn Manufacturing Company (“Taylor-Dunn”), a leading provider of industrial vehicles serving a broad range of commercial, manufacturing, warehouse and ground-support customers. Taylor-Dunn is based in Anaheim, California, and is included in the Global Adjacent Markets reporting segment.
In November 2016, the Company acquired TAP, a vertically integrated manufacturer, distributor, retailer and installer of off-road Jeep and truck accessories. TAP is based in Compton, California, and is included in the Aftermarket reporting segment. As of September 30, 2017, the purchase price allocation for the TAP acquisition remains preliminary.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

| Nine months ended September 30, 2017
Goodwill, beginning of period | $ | 421,563 |
Goodwill from businesses acquired | — |
Currency translation effect on foreign goodwill balances | 9,203 |
Goodwill, end of period | $ | 430,766 |

The components of other intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):

| Total estimated life (years) |  | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Non-amortizable—indefinite lived: |  |  |  |  |
Brand names |  |  | $ | 232,514 |  |  | $ | 229,121 |
Amortizable: |  |  |  |  |
Non-compete agreements | 5 |  | 540 |  |  | 540 |
Dealer/customer related | 5-10 |  | 169,023 |  |  | 164,837 |
Developed technology | 5-7 |  | 20,849 |  |  | 26,048 |
Total amortizable |  |  | 190,412 |  |  | 191,425 |
Less: Accumulated amortization |  |  | (69,076 | ) |  | (49,130 | )
Net amortized other intangible assets |  |  | 121,336 |  |  | 142,295 |
Total other intangible assets, net |  |  | $ | 353,850 |  |  | $ | 371,416 |

Amortization expense for intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $6,344,000 and $3,747,000, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2017 through 2022 is as follows: 2017 (remainder), $7,400,000; 2018, $27,900,000; 2019, $26,300,000; 2020, $21,200,000; 2021, $18,800,000; 2022, $17,600,000;
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and after 2022, $2,100,000. The preceding expected amortization expense is an estimate and actual amounts could differ due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, changes in foreign currency rates or impairment of intangible assets.
Note 6. Shareholders’ Equity
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Polaris paid $88,877,000 to repurchase and retire approximately 1,015,000 shares of its common stock. As of September 30, 2017, the Board of Directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to an additional 6,448,000 shares of Polaris stock. The repurchase of any or all such shares authorized for repurchase will be governed by applicable SEC rules and dependent on management’s assessment of market conditions. Polaris paid a regular cash dividend of $0.58 per share on September 15, 2017 to holders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2017. On October 26, 2017, the Polaris Board of Directors declared a regular cash dividend of $0.58 per share payable on December 15, 2017 to holders of record of such shares at the close of business on December 1, 2017.
Cash dividends declared per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, were as follows:

|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cash dividends declared and paid per common share |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 1.74 |  |  | $ | 1.65 |

Net income per share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period, including shares earned under the Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (“Director Plan”) and the ESOP and deferred stock units under the 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“Omnibus Plan”). Diluted earnings per share is computed under the treasury stock method and is calculated to compute the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and certain shares issued under the Omnibus Plan. A reconciliation of these amounts is as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 62,398 |  | 63,902 |  |  | 62,637 |  | 64,263 |
Director Plan and deferred stock units | 161 |  | 143 |  |  | 154 |  | 168 |
ESOP | 87 |  | 106 |  |  | 99 |  | 104 |
Common shares outstanding—basic | 62,646 |  | 64,151 |  |  | 62,890 |  | 64,535 |
Dilutive effect of Omnibus Plan | 1,239 |  | 876 |  |  | 1,052 |  | 900 |
Common and potential common shares outstanding—diluted | 63,885 |  | 65,027 |  |  | 63,942 |  | 65,435 |

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the number of options that could potentially dilute earnings per share on a fully diluted basis that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share (because to do so would have been anti-dilutive) were 2,892,000 and 2,816,000, respectively, compared to 1,786,000 and 1,736,000 for the same periods in 2016.
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Changes in the accumulated other comprehensive loss balance is as follows (in thousands):

| Foreign Currency Items |  | Cash Flow Hedging Derivatives |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of December 31, 2016 | $ | (84,133 | ) |  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | (83,837 | )
Reclassification to the statement of income | — |  |  | (2,255 | ) |  | (2,255 | )
Change in fair value | 41,042 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 42,089 |
Balance as of September 30, 2017 | $ | (43,091 | ) |  | $ | (912 | ) |  | $ | (44,003 | )

The table below provides data about the amount of gains and losses, net of tax, reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into the statement of income for cash flow derivatives designated as hedging instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):
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Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Foreign currency contracts | Other expense, net |  | $ | (174 | ) |  | $ | (3,002 | ) |  | $ | 2,433 |  |  | $ | (579 | )
Foreign currency contracts | Cost of sales |  | 258 |  |  | (838 | ) |  | (178 | ) |  | (1,687 | )
Total |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | (3,840 | ) |  | $ | 2,255 |  |  | $ | (2,266 | )

The net amount of the existing gains or losses at September 30, 2017 that is expected to be reclassified into the statement of income within the next 12 months is not expected to be material. See Note 10 for further information regarding Polaris’ derivative activities.
Note 7. Financial Services Arrangements
Polaris Acceptance, a joint venture between Polaris and Wells Fargo Commercial Distribution Finance, a direct subsidiary of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), which is supported by a partnership agreement between their respective wholly owned subsidiaries, finances substantially all of Polaris’ United States sales whereby Polaris receives payment within a few days of shipment of the product.
Polaris’ subsidiary has a 50 percent equity interest in Polaris Acceptance. Polaris Acceptance sells a majority of its receivable portfolio to a securitization facility (the “Securitization Facility”) arranged by Wells Fargo. The sale of receivables from Polaris Acceptance to the Securitization Facility is accounted for in Polaris Acceptance’s financial statements as a “true-sale” under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 860. Polaris’ allocable share of the income of Polaris Acceptance has been included as a component of income from financial services in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The partnership agreement is effective through February 2022.
Polaris’ total investment in Polaris Acceptance of $70,910,000 at September 30, 2017 is accounted for under the equity method, and is recorded in investment in finance affiliate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2017, the outstanding amount of net receivables financed for dealers under this arrangement was $1,157,388,000, which included $489,316,000 in the Polaris Acceptance portfolio and $668,072,000 of receivables within the Securitization Facility (“Securitized Receivables”).
Polaris has agreed to repurchase products repossessed by Polaris Acceptance up to an annual maximum of 15 percent of the aggregate average month-end outstanding Polaris Acceptance receivables and Securitized Receivables during the prior calendar year. For calendar year 2017, the potential 15 percent aggregate repurchase obligation is approximately $183,951,000. Polaris’ financial exposure under this arrangement is limited to the difference between the amounts unpaid by the dealer with respect to the repossessed product plus costs of repossession and the amount received on the resale of the repossessed product. No material losses have been incurred under this agreement during the periods presented.
Polaris has agreements with Performance Finance, Sheffield Financial and Synchrony Bank, under which these financial institutions provide financing to end consumers of Polaris products. Polaris’ income generated from these agreements has been included as a component of income from financial services in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Polaris also administers and provides extended service contracts to consumers and certain insurance contracts to dealers and consumers through various third-party suppliers. Polaris finances its self-insured risks related to extended service contracts, but does not retain any insurance or financial risk under any of the other arrangements. Polaris’ service fee income generated from these arrangements has been included as a component of income from financial services in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Note 8. Investment in Other Affiliates
The Company has certain investments in nonmarketable securities of strategic companies. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company’s investment in Eicher-Polaris Private Limited (EPPL) represents the majority of these investments and is recorded as a component of other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
EPPL is a joint venture established in 2012 with Eicher Motors Limited (“Eicher”). Polaris and Eicher each control 50 percent of the joint venture, which is intended to design, develop and manufacture a full range of new vehicles for India and other emerging markets. The investment in EPPL is accounted for under the equity method, with Polaris’ proportionate share of income or loss recorded within the consolidated financial statements on a one month lag due to financial information not being available timely. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying value of the Company’s investment in
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EPPL was $20,225,000 and $20,182,000, respectively. Through September 30, 2017, Polaris has invested $46,810,000 in the joint venture. Polaris’ share of EPPL loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $1,603,000 and $4,839,000, respectively, compared to $1,798,000 and $5,439,000 for the same respective periods in 2016. The loss is included in equity in loss of other affiliates on the consolidated statements of income.
Polaris will impair or write off an investment and recognize a loss if and when events or circumstances indicate there is impairment in the investment that is other-than-temporary. When necessary, Polaris evaluates investments in nonmarketable securities for impairment, utilizing Level 3 fair value inputs. As a result of the Victory® Motorcycles wind down, the Company recorded an impairment of a cost-method investment in Brammo, Inc. during the first quarter of 2017. See Note 12 for additional discussion related to charges incurred related to the Victory Motorcycles wind down. In October 2017, an agreement was signed to sell the assets of Brammo, Inc. to a third party. The sale is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
Polaris is subject to product liability claims in the normal course of business. In late 2012, Polaris purchased excess insurance coverage for catastrophic product liability claims for incidents occurring after the policy date. Polaris self-insures product liability claims before the policy date and up to the purchased catastrophic insurance coverage after the policy date. The estimated costs resulting from any losses are charged to operating expenses when it is probable a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably determinable. The Company utilizes historical trends and actuarial analysis tools, along with an analysis of current claims, to assist in determining the appropriate loss reserve levels. At September 30, 2017, the Company had an accrual of $40,602,000 for the probable payment of pending claims related to product liability litigation associated with Polaris products. This accrual is included as a component of other accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Polaris is a defendant in lawsuits and subject to other claims arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, it is unlikely that any legal proceedings pending against or involving Polaris will have a material adverse effect on Polaris’ financial position or results of operations.
As a component of certain past acquisition agreements, Polaris has committed to make additional payments to certain sellers contingent upon either the passage of time or certain financial performance criteria. Polaris initially records the fair value of each commitment as of the respective opening balance sheet, and each reporting period the fair value is evaluated, using Level 3 inputs, with the change in value reflected in the consolidated statements of income. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair values of contingent purchase price commitments are immaterial.
Note 10. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. From time to time, the primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price fluctuations. Derivative contracts on various currencies are entered into in order to manage foreign currency exposures associated with certain product sourcing activities and intercompany cash flows. Interest rate swaps are occasionally entered into in order to maintain a balanced risk of fixed and floating interest rates associated with the Company’s long-term debt. Commodity hedging contracts are entered into in order to manage fluctuating market prices of certain purchased commodities and raw materials that are integrated into the Company’s end products.
The Company’s foreign currency management objective is to mitigate the potential impact of currency fluctuations on the value of its U.S. dollar cash flows and to reduce the variability of certain cash flows at the subsidiary level. The Company actively manages certain forecasted foreign currency exposures and uses a centralized currency management operation to take advantage of potential opportunities to naturally offset foreign currency exposures against each other. The decision of whether and when to execute derivative instruments, along with the duration of the instrument, can vary from period to period depending on market conditions, the relative costs of the instruments and capacity to hedge. The duration is linked to the timing of the underlying exposure, with the connection between the two being regularly monitored. Polaris does not use any financial contracts for trading purposes.
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At September 30, 2017, Polaris had the following open foreign currency contracts (in thousands):

Foreign Currency |  | Notional Amounts (in U.S. Dollars) |  | Net Unrealized Gain (Loss)
Australian Dollar |  | $ | 27,947 |  |  | $ | (308 | )
Canadian Dollar |  | 136,019 |  |  | (1,697 | )
Japanese Yen |  | 907 |  |  | (18 | )
Mexican Peso |  | 4,401 |  |  | 338 |
Total |  | $ | 169,274 |  |  | $ | (1,685 | )

These contracts, with maturities through December 2018, met the criteria for cash flow hedges and the unrealized gains or losses, after tax, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity.
The table below summarizes the carrying values of derivative instruments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

| Carrying Values of Derivative Instruments as of September 30, 2017
| Fair Value— Assets |  | Fair Value— (Liabilities) |  | Derivative Net Carrying Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts(1) | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | (2,487 | ) |  | $ | (1,685 | )
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | (2,487 | ) |  | $ | (1,685 | )
Total derivatives | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | (2,487 | ) |  | $ | (1,685 | )

| Carrying Values of Derivative Instruments as of December 31, 2016
| Fair Value— Assets |  | Fair Value— (Liabilities) |  | Derivative Net Carrying Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts(1) | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | (1,830 | ) |  | $ | 298 |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | (1,830 | ) |  | $ | 298 |
Total derivatives | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | (1,830 | ) |  | $ | 298 |

(1) | Assets are included in prepaid expenses and other and liabilities are included in other accrued expenses on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into the statements of income in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects the statements of income. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in the current statement of income.
The amount of gains (losses), net of tax, related to the effective portion of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges included in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $(167,000) and $(1,208,000), respectively, compared to $2,638,000 and $(4,621,000) for the same respective periods in 2016.
See Note 6 for information about the amount of gains and losses, net of tax, reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into the statements of income for derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments. The ineffective portion of foreign currency contracts was not material for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017.
Note 11. Segment Reporting
The Company’s reportable segments are based on the Company’s method of internal reporting, which generally segregates the operating segments by product line, inclusive of wholegoods and PG&A. The internal reporting of these operating segments is defined based, in part, on the reporting and review process used by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Company has five operating segments: 1) ORV, 2) Snowmobiles, 3) Motorcycles, 4) Global Adjacent Markets and 5) Aftermarket, and four reportable segments: 1) ORV/Snowmobiles, 2) Motorcycles, 3) Global Adjacent Markets, and 4) Aftermarket.
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Through December 31, 2016, the Company reported under three segments for segment reporting. However, during the first quarter ended March 31, 2017, as a result of the acquisition of TAP, the Company established a new reporting segment, Aftermarket, which includes the results of TAP as well as the other aftermarket brands. The comparative 2016 results were reclassified to reflect the new reporting segment structure.
The ORV/Snowmobiles segment includes the aggregated results of our ORV and Snowmobiles operating segments. The Motorcycles, Global Adjacent Markets and Aftermarket segments include the results for those respective operating segments. The Corporate amounts include costs that are not allocated to individual segments, which include incentive-based compensation and other unallocated manufacturing costs. Additionally, given the commonality of customers, manufacturing and asset management, the Company does not maintain separate balance sheets for each segment. Accordingly, the segment information presented below is limited to sales and gross profit data (in thousands):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ORV/Snowmobiles | $ | 1,007,392 |  |  | $ | 895,550 |  |  | $ | 2,577,003 |  |  | $ | 2,402,985 |
Motorcycles | 155,059 |  |  | 181,181 |  |  | 473,345 |  |  | 594,840 |
Global Adjacent Markets | 91,575 |  |  | 78,485 |  |  | 280,152 |  |  | 243,553 |
Aftermarket | 224,700 |  |  | 29,851 |  |  | 666,928 |  |  | 57,462 |
Total sales | $ | 1,478,726 |  |  | $ | 1,185,067 |  |  | $ | 3,997,428 |  |  | $ | 3,298,840 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ORV/Snowmobiles | $ | 296,904 |  |  | $ | 221,595 |  |  | $ | 776,013 |  |  | $ | 656,076 |
Motorcycles | 10,354 |  |  | 20,301 |  |  | 11,589 |  |  | 86,475 |
Global Adjacent Markets | 15,983 |  |  | 21,828 |  |  | 65,297 |  |  | 66,163 |
Aftermarket | 63,239 |  |  | 10,591 |  |  | 164,721 |  |  | 18,272 |
Corporate | (22,518 | ) |  | (13,545 | ) |  | (60,781 | ) |  | (34,135 | )
Total gross profit | $ | 363,962 |  |  | $ | 260,770 |  |  | $ | 956,839 |  |  | $ | 792,851 |

Note 12. Victory Motorcycles Wind Down
On January 9, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a strategic plan to wind down the Victory Motorcycles brand. The Company began wind down activities during the first quarter of 2017. As a result of the activities, the Company recognized total pretax charges of $2,666,000 and $59,131,000, respectively, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 that are within the scope of ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (ASC 420). These totals exclude the promotional pretax impacts of $6,143,000 and $18,109,000, respectively, incurred for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017. The Company estimates that the total impact of wind down activities in 2017 will be in the range of $80,000,000 to $90,000,000, inclusive of promotional activity. Substantially all costs related to wind down activities are expected to be recognized by the end of 2017.
As a result of the wind down activities, the Company has incurred expenses within the scope of ASC 420 consisting of dealer termination, supplier termination, dealer litigation, employee separation, asset impairment charges, including the impairment of a cost method investment, inventory write-down charges and other costs. There were no wind down expenses related to this initiative during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016. The wind down expenses have been included as components of cost of sales, selling and administrative expenses, general and administrative expenses or other expense (income), net, in the consolidated statements of income. Charges related to the wind down plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 within the scope of ASC 420 were as follows (in thousands):
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| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2017
Contract termination charges | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 19,196 |
Asset impairment charges | — |  |  | 18,760 |
Inventory charges | — |  |  | 12,680 |
Other costs | 1,165 |  |  | 8,495 |
Total | $ | 2,666 |  |  | $ | 59,131 |

Total reserves related to the Victory Motorcycles wind down activities are $8,058,000 as of September 30, 2017. These reserves are included in other accrued expenses and inventory in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes to the reserves during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

| Contract termination charges |  | Inventory charges |  | Other costs |  | Total
Reserves balance as of January 1, 2017 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Expenses | $ | 19,196 |  |  | $ | 12,680 |  |  | $ | 8,495 |  |  | $ | 40,371 |
Cash payments / scrapped inventory | (16,616 | ) |  | (8,892 | ) |  | (6,805 | ) |  | (32,313 | )
Reserves balance as of September 30, 2017 | $ | 2,580 |  |  | $ | 3,788 |  |  | $ | 1,690 |  |  | $ | 8,058 |

Item 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
The following discussion pertains to the results of operations and financial position of Polaris Industries Inc., a Minnesota corporation, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016. The terms “Polaris,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” as used herein refer to the business and operations of Polaris Industries Inc., its subsidiaries and its predecessors, which began doing business in 1954. We design, engineer and manufacture powersports vehicles which include Off-Road Vehicles (ORV), including all-terrain vehicles (ATV) and side-by-side vehicles; motorcycles; Global Adjacent Markets vehicles, including Work & Transportation and Government and Defense vehicles; and related Parts, Garments and Accessories (PG&A), as well as Aftermarket accessories and apparel. Due to the seasonality of certain products and to certain changes in production and shipping cycles, results of such periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the complete year.
We reported net income of $81.9 million, or $1.28 per diluted share, compared to 2016 third quarter net income of $32.3 million, or $0.50 per diluted share. Sales totaled $1,478.7 million, an increase of 25 percent from last year’s third quarter sales of $1,185.1 million. The sales increase was driven primarily by the acquisition of TAP, as well as strong ORV sales. Our unit retail sales to consumers in North America increased 13 percent in the third quarter of 2017, primarily driven by increased retail demand for ATVs and side-by-sides. Our third quarter sales to North American customers increased 27 percent, due primarily to the TAP acquisition. Our sales to customers outside of North America increased 11 percent, driven by a ten percent increase in sales in the Asia/Pacific region, a 12 percent increase in sales in Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and a six percent increase in the Latin American region. Our gross profit of $364.0 million increased 40 percent from $260.8 million in the comparable prior year period. The increase in gross profit dollars was primarily driven by the TAP acquisition and lower warranty costs. Our liquidity remained healthy with $132.3 million of cash on hand and $599.6 million of availability on the revolving loan facility at September 30, 2017.
As a result of our decision to wind down the Victory Motorcycles brand, total non-recurring wind down activities had a pre-tax impact of $8.8 million and $77.2 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively. We estimate the total pre-tax impact of non-recurring wind down activities in 2017 to be in the range of $80.0 million to $90.0 million. Substantially all costs related to wind down activities are expected to be recognized by the end of 2017.
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Results of Operations
Unless otherwise noted, all “quarter” comparisons are from the third quarter 2017 to the third quarter 2016, and all “year-to-date” comparisons are from the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 to the nine month period ended September 30, 2016.
Sales:
Quarter sales were $1,478.7 million, a 25 percent increase from $1,185.1 million of quarter sales in the prior year. Year-to-date sales were $3,997.4 million, a 21 percent increase from $3,298.8 million of sales in the comparable prior year period. The following table is an analysis of the percentage change in total Company sales:

| Percent change in total Company sales compared to corresponding period of the prior year
| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
Volume | 6 | % |  | 2 | %
Product mix and price | 2 |  |  | — |
Acquisitions | 16 |  |  | 19 |
Currency | 1 |  |  | — |
| 25 | % |  | 21 | %

The quarter and year-to-date acquisition impact is primarily driven by the TAP acquisition in 2016. The volume increase is primarily driven by increased shipments of ORVs.
Our sales by reporting segment, which includes the respective PG&A, were as follows:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | Percent Change 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | Percent Change 2017 vs. 2016
ORV/Snowmobiles | $ | 1,007.4 |  |  | 68 | % |  | $ | 895.5 |  |  | 76 | % |  | 12 | % |  | $ | 2,577.0 |  |  | 64 | % |  | $ | 2,403.0 |  |  | 73 | % |  | 7 | %
Motorcycles | 155.1 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 181.2 |  |  | 15 | % |  | (14 | )% |  | 473.3 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 594.8 |  |  | 18 | % |  | (20 | )%
Global Adjacent Markets | 91.5 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 78.5 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 17 | % |  | 280.2 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 243.5 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 15 | %
Aftermarket | 224.7 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 29.9 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 653 | % |  | 666.9 |  |  | 17 | % |  | 57.5 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 1,061 | %
Total sales | $ | 1,478.7 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,185.1 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 3,997.4 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 3,298.8 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 21 | %

ORV/Snowmobiles
ORVs: Quarter and year-to-date sales increased primarily due to increased ORV shipments of side-by-side vehicles. Sales outside North America increased 11 percent in the quarter, primarily due to increased shipments of side-by-side vehicles. The quarter average per unit sales price increased six percent.
Our North American ORV quarter unit retail sales to consumers increased mid-teens percent compared to the 2016 third quarter, with consumer purchases of side-by-side vehicles, which include RANGER®, RZR, and Polaris GENERAL™, and ATVs both increasing mid-teens percent over the prior year. The Company estimates that North American industry ORV retail sales increased high-single digits percent from the third quarter of 2016. Polaris’ North American dealer unit inventory decreased 12 percent from the third quarter of 2016.
Snowmobiles: Quarter and year-to-date sales, inclusive of PG&A sales, increased 22 percent due to the timing of shipments for the upcoming snowmobile retail selling season, year-over-year, as we manufactured and shipped our snowmobiles later in 2016. Sales outside North America decreased 29 percent in the quarter, primarily due to decreased shipments in the EMEA region. The quarter average snowmobile per unit sales price increased two percent.
Motorcycles
Quarter and year-to-date sales decreased due to the wind down of Victory Motorcycles, as well as decreased shipments of Slingshot®, partially offset by increased shipments of Indian Motorcycle®. Indian Motorcycle sales increased in the low-twenty percent range in the third quarter driven by new product introductions and increased awareness of the brand. Quarter sales to customers outside of North America decreased six percent due primarily to decreased shipments of Victory Motorcycles. The quarter average per unit sales price decreased four percent, excluding Victory Motorcycles.
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Consumer North American retail sales for Indian Motorcycle and Slingshot increased mid-single digits percent for the quarter. Indian Motorcycle retail sales increased mid-teens percent and gained market share, partly driven by new model introductions including the new Chieftain Elite and Limited models and Roadmaster Classic. Slingshot retail sales decreased, although the rate of decline decelerated during the quarter. North American industry retail sales, 900cc and above, decreased high-single digits percent in the quarter. North American Polaris dealer inventory increased low-double digits percent.
Global Adjacent Markets
Quarter and year-to-date sales increased due primarily to increased Work and Transportation wholegood sales, including our Aixam quadricycle business and our Goupil light-utility business in France. The quarter average per unit sales price increased three percent.
Aftermarket
Quarter and year-to-date sales, which includes Transamerican Auto Parts (TAP), along with our other aftermarket brands of Klim, Kolpin, ProArmor, Trail Tech and 509, increased due to the acquisition of TAP in November 2016. TAP contributed sales of $190.6 million and $601.7 million for the quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively.
Sales by Geography
Sales by geographic region were as follows:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | Percent Change 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Total Sales |  | Percent Change 2017 vs. 2016
United States | $ | 1,202.0 |  |  | 81 | % |  | $ | 946.5 |  |  | 80 | % |  | 27 | % |  | $ | 3,217.2 |  |  | 80 | % |  | $ | 2,592.6 |  |  | 79 | % |  | 24 | %
Canada | 120.0 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 97.6 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 23 | % |  | 266.1 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 232.1 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 15 | %
Other foreign countries | 156.7 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 141.0 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 514.1 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 474.1 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 8 | %
Total sales | $ | 1,478.7 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,185.1 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 3,997.4 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 3,298.8 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 21 | %

United States: Quarter sales in the U.S. increased due primarily to our acquisition of TAP in November 2016, and increased ORV shipments. Year-to-date sales increased due primarily to the TAP acquisition.
Canada: Quarter and year-to-date sales in Canada increased due to the acquisition of TAP and increased ORV shipments, partially offset by lower shipments of motorcycles. Currency rate movement had a favorable five and one percent impact on quarter and year-to-date sales, respectively.
Other foreign countries: Quarter and year-to-date sales in other foreign countries increased due to increased ORV and Global Adjacent Markets shipments. Currency rate movements had a positive impact on sales of four percent on the quarter, and had no impact on year-to-date sales.
Cost of Sales:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | Percent of Total Cost of Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Total Cost of Sales |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 |  | Percent of Total Cost of Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Total Cost of Sales |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016
Purchased materials and services | $ | 954.7 |  |  | 86 | % |  | $ | 732.8 |  |  | 79 | % |  | 30 | % |  | $ | 2,610.9 |  |  | 86 | % |  | $ | 2,060.0 |  |  | 82 | % |  | 27 | %
Labor and benefits | 79.5 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 71.3 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 12 | % |  | 220.7 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 199.6 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 11 | %
Depreciation and amortization | 38.6 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 32.5 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 19 | % |  | 105.1 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 91.2 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 15 | %
Warranty costs | 42.0 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 87.7 |  |  | 9 | % |  | (52 | )% |  | 103.9 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 155.2 |  |  | 6 | % |  | (33 | )%
Total cost of sales | $ | 1,114.8 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 924.3 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 21 | % |  | $ | 3,040.6 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 2,506.0 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 21 | %
Percentage of sales | 75.4 | % |  |  |  | 78.0 | % |  | -261 basis points |  |  | 76.1 | % |  |  |  | 76.0 | % |  | +10 basis points |

The increase in quarter and year-to-date cost of sales dollars resulted primarily from the acquisition of TAP and Victory Motorcycles wind down costs.
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Gross Profit:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | Percent of Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Sales |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 |  | Percent of Sales |  | 2016 |  | Percent of Sales |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016
ORV/Snowmobiles | $ | 296.9 |  |  | 29.5 | % |  | $ | 221.6 |  |  | 24.7 | % |  | 34 | % |  | $ | 776.0 |  |  | 30.1 | % |  | $ | 656.0 |  |  | 27.3 | % |  | 18 | %
Motorcycles | 10.4 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | 20.3 |  |  | 11.2 | % |  | (49 | )% |  | 11.6 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 86.5 |  |  | 14.5 | % |  | (87 | )%
Global Adjacent Markets | 16.0 |  |  | 17.5 | % |  | 21.8 |  |  | 27.8 | % |  | (27 | )% |  | 65.3 |  |  | 23.3 | % |  | 66.2 |  |  | 27.2 | % |  | (1 | )%
Aftermarket | 63.2 |  |  | 28.1 | % |  | 10.6 |  |  | 35.5 | % |  | 497 | % |  | 164.7 |  |  | 24.7 | % |  | 18.3 |  |  | 31.8 | % |  | 801 | %
Corporate | (22.5 | ) |  |  |  | (13.5 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (60.8 | ) |  |  |  | (34.1 | ) |  |  |  |
Total gross profit dollars | $ | 364.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 260.8 |  |  |  |  | 40 | % |  | $ | 956.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 792.9 |  |  |  |  | 21 | %
Percentage of sales | 24.6 | % |  |  |  | 22.0 | % |  | +261 basis points |  |  | 23.9 | % |  |  |  | 24.0 | % |  | -10 basis points |

Consolidated. Quarter gross profit, as a percentage of sales, increased due to lower warranty costs, increased volume, gross VIP cost savings, and positive product mix, partially offset by higher promotions. Gross profit for the quarter includes the negative impact of $7.6 million of Victory Motorcycles wind down costs and $6.2 million of manufacturing network realignment costs. Year-to-date gross profit includes the negative impact of $55.0 million of costs related to the wind down of Victory Motorcycles, $13.0 million of inventory step-up accounting adjustments related to the TAP acquisition, $10.5 million of manufacturing network realignment costs and increased promotional costs. These year-to-date costs were partially offset by lower warranty and product cost reduction efforts generated through lean initiatives.
ORV/Snowmobiles. Gross profit, as a percentage of sales, increased for the quarter and year-to-date periods, primarily due to favorable changes in product mix, as well as decreased warranty costs.
Motorcycles. Gross profit, as a percentage of sales, decreased significantly for the quarter and year-to-date periods, primarily due to higher costs associated with the wind down of Victory Motorcycles, including increased promotions and inventory charges, and lower Slingshot volume.
Global Adjacent Markets. Gross profit, as a percentage of sales, decreased for the quarter and year-to-date periods, primarily due to costs incurred for manufacturing network realignment of $6.2 million and $10.5 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
Aftermarket. Gross profit, in absolute dollars, increased for the quarter and year-to-date periods, but decreased as a percentage of sales, due to the acquisition of TAP. Year-to-date gross profit, includes the negative impact of $13.0 million of inventory step-up adjustments related to the TAP acquisition.
Operating Expenses:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016
Selling and marketing | $ | 122.7 |  |  | $ | 89.8 |  |  | 37 | % |  | $ | 355.5 |  |  | $ | 244.8 |  |  | 45 | %
Research and development | 63.1 |  |  | 47.6 |  |  | 33 | % |  | 175.9 |  |  | 136.3 |  |  | 29 | %
General and administrative | 79.4 |  |  | 85.2 |  |  | (7 | )% |  | 246.0 |  |  | 219.4 |  |  | 12 | %
Total operating expenses | $ | 265.2 |  |  | $ | 222.6 |  |  | 19 | % |  | $ | 777.4 |  |  | $ | 600.5 |  |  | 29 | %
Percentage of sales | 17.9 | % |  | 18.8 | % |  | -85 basis points |  |  | 19.4 | % |  | 18.2 | % |  | +125 basis points |

Operating expenses, in absolute dollars, for the quarter and year-to-date periods increased primarily due to the TAP acquisition. For the quarter, operating expenses included $1.3 million of Victory Motorcycles wind down costs and $3.5 million of TAP integration expenses. For the year-to-date period, operating expenses included $9.3 million of Victory Motorcycles wind down costs and $10.5 million of TAP integration expenses. In addition to these costs, research and development expenses increased for ongoing product refinement and innovation, and selling and marketing costs have increased due to the introduction of new products, partially offset by decreased legal related expenses.
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Income from Financial Services:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016
Income from financial services | $ | 18.1 |  |  | $ | 19.2 |  |  | (6 | )% |  | $ | 57.7 |  |  | $ | 59.2 |  |  | (2 | )%
Percentage of sales | 1.2 | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | -39 basis points |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  | -35 basis points |

The decrease for the quarter and year-to-date periods in income from financial services is directly related to lower income generated from the wholesale portfolio due to the lower dealer inventory levels. Further discussion can be found in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section below.
Remainder of the Statement of Income:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions except per share data) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change 2017 vs. 2016
Interest expense | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 4.1 |  |  | 110 | % |  | $ | 24.4 |  |  | $ | 10.7 |  |  | 128 | %
Equity in loss of other affiliates | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | (11 | )% |  | $ | 4.8 |  |  | $ | 5.4 |  |  | (11 | )%
Other expense (income), net | $ | (2.4 | ) |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | (142 | )% |  | $ | 7.1 |  |  | $ | 7.6 |  |  | (7 | )%
Income before taxes | $ | 109.2 |  |  | $ | 45.8 |  |  | 138 | % |  | $ | 200.8 |  |  | $ | 227.8 |  |  | (12 | )%
Provision for income taxes | $ | 27.3 |  |  | $ | 13.5 |  |  | 102 | % |  | $ | 59.8 |  |  | $ | 77.4 |  |  | (23 | )%
Percentage of income before taxes | 25.0 | % |  | 29.5 | % |  | -451 basis |  |  | 29.8 | % |  | 34.0 | % |  | -420 basis |
|  |  |  |  | points |  |  |  |  |  |  | points |
Net income | $ | 81.9 |  |  | $ | 32.3 |  |  | 153 | % |  | $ | 141.0 |  |  | $ | 150.4 |  |  | (6 | )%
Diluted net income per share: | $ | 1.28 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | 156 | % |  | $ | 2.21 |  |  | $ | 2.30 |  |  | (4 | )%
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding | 63.9 |  |  | 65.0 |  |  | (2 | )% |  | 63.9 |  |  | 65.4 |  |  | (2 | )%

Interest expense: The quarter and year-to-date increase is primarily due to increases in debt levels related to the acquisition of TAP in November 2016 through borrowings on our term loan facility during the comparative periods.
Equity in loss of other affiliates: Quarter and year-to-date losses relate to continued operating activities at Eicher-Polaris Private Limited (EPPL). During the quarter, EPPL continued production of the jointly-developed Multix™ personal vehicle, which is specifically designed to satisfy the varied transportation needs of consumers in India. We have recorded our proportionate 50 percent share of EPPL losses.
Other expense (income), net: The quarter change primarily relates to foreign currency exchange rate movements and the corresponding effects on foreign currency transactions and balance sheet positions related to our foreign subsidiaries from period to period.
Provision for income taxes: The quarter tax rate decrease is partially due to a benefit recognized from certain favorable outcomes of effectively settled federal income tax audits in the third quarter of 2017 and the adoption of the new share-based accounting standard in the first quarter of 2017.
Weighted average shares outstanding: Over the time period within and between the comparable quarter, weighted average shares outstanding decreased approximately two percent due primarily to share repurchases under our stock repurchase program.
Cash Dividends:
We paid a regular cash dividend of $0.58 per share on September 15, 2017 to holders of record at the close of business on September 1, 2017. On October 26, 2017, the Polaris Board of Directors declared a regular cash dividend of $0.58 per share
payable on December 15, 2017 to holders of record of such shares at the close of business on December 1, 2017.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary source of funds has been cash provided by operating and financing activities. Our primary uses of funds have been for acquisitions, repurchase and retirement of common stock, capital investment, new product development and cash dividends to shareholders.
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We believe that existing cash balances and cash flow to be generated from operating activities and borrowing capacity under the credit facility arrangement will be sufficient to fund operations, new product development, cash dividends, share repurchases and capital requirements for the foreseeable future. At this time, management is not aware of any factors that would have a material adverse impact on cash flow.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities:

($ in millions) | Nine months ended September 30,
2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change
Total cash provided by (used for): |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 494.5 |  |  | $ | 426.2 |  |  | $ | 68.3 |
Investing activities | (88.9 | ) |  | (187.8 | ) |  | 98.9 |
Financing activities | (410.2 | ) |  | (271.1 | ) |  | (139.1 | )
Impact of currency exchange rates on cash balances | 9.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.6 |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | (32.7 | ) |  | $ | 37.7 |

Operating activities: The $68.3 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities in 2017 is due to the timing of accounts payable and accrued expense payments, as well as collection of tax receivables, partially offset by lower net income and higher factory inventory. The decrease in working capital for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $43.0 million. Changes in working capital (as reflected in our statements of cash flows) was a decrease of $173.7 million, compared to a decrease of $130.7 million for the same period in 2016. This was primarily due to an increase in net cash used of $49.8 million related to inventory purchases, partially offset by a decrease in net cash used of $102.5 million related to payments made for accounts payable.
Investing activities: The primary use of cash was for the purchase of property and equipment, for continued capacity and capability at our manufacturing facilities. Investing activities for the comparative 2016 period includes the acquisition of Taylor-Dunn.
Financing activities: Cash used for financing activities changed primarily due to net repayments under debt arrangements, capital lease obligations and notes payable of $226.7 million compared to net repayments of $28.0 million in the 2016 comparable period, and common stock repurchases of $88.9 million compared to $154.4 million in the 2016 comparable period. Additionally, we paid cash dividends of $108.9 million and $105.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Proceeds from the issuance of stock under employee plans were $14.2 million and $15.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The seasonality of production and shipments cause working capital requirements to fluctuate during the year.
Debt and Capital
We are party to a $600 million variable interest rate bank lending agreement and a Master Note Purchase Agreement, as amended and supplemented, under which we have unsecured borrowings. We are also party to a $750 million term loan facility, of which $690 million is outstanding as of September 30, 2017.
We enter into leasing arrangements to finance the use of certain property and equipment.
We have a mortgage note payable agreement for land, on which Polaris built our Huntsville, Alabama manufacturing facility in 2016. The original mortgage note payable was for $14.5 million, of which $12.1 million is outstanding as of September 30, 2017. The payment of principal and interest for the note payable is forgivable if the Company satisfies certain job commitments over the term of the note. We have met the required commitments to date, and expect to comply with the commitments in the future.
Debt, capital lease obligations, notes payable, and the average related interest rates at September 30, 2017 were as follows:
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($ in millions) | Average interest rate at September 30, 2017 |  | Maturity |  | September 30, 2017
Term loan facility | 2.52% |  | May 2021 |  | $ | 690.0 |
Senior notes—fixed rate | 3.81% |  | May 2018 |  | 25.0 |
Senior notes—fixed rate | 4.60% |  | May 2021 |  | 75.0 |
Senior notes—fixed rate | 3.13% |  | December 2020 |  | 100.0 |
Capital lease obligations | 5.15% |  | Various through 2029 |  | 20.1 |
Notes payable and other | 3.50% |  | June 2027 |  | 12.4 |
Debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  | (2.5) |
Total debt, capital lease obligations, and notes payable |  |  |  |  | $ | 920.0 |
Less: current maturities |  |  |  |  | 27.8 |
Long-term debt, capital lease obligations, and notes payable |  |  |  |  | $ | 892.2 |

Our debt to total capital ratio was 51 percent and 32 percent at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Additionally, at September 30, 2017, we had letters of credit outstanding of $7.6 million primarily related to purchase obligations for raw materials.
Share Repurchases
Our Board of Directors has authorized the cumulative repurchase of up to 86.5 million shares of our common stock. Of that total, approximately 80.1 million shares have been repurchased cumulatively from 1996 through September 30, 2017. We repurchased approximately 1.0 million shares of our common stock for $88.9 million during the first nine months of 2017, which had a favorable impact of two cents on earnings per share. We have authorization from our Board of Directors to repurchase up to an additional 6.4 million shares of our common stock as of September 30, 2017. The repurchase of any or all such shares authorized remaining for repurchase will be governed by applicable SEC rules.
Other Financial Arrangements
Polaris Acceptance, a joint venture between Polaris and Wells Fargo Commercial Distribution Finance (“WFCDF”), a direct subsidiary of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), which is supported by a partnership agreement between their respective wholly owned subsidiaries, finances substantially all of Polaris’ U.S. sales, whereby Polaris receives payment within a few days of shipment of the product. The partnership agreement is effective through February 2022.
Polaris Acceptance sells a majority of its receivables portfolio (the “Securitized Receivables”) to a securitization facility (“Securitization Facility”) arranged by Wells Fargo, a WFCDF affiliate. Polaris Acceptance is not responsible for any continuing servicing costs or obligations with respect to the Securitized Receivables. At September 30, 2017, the outstanding amount of net receivables financed for dealers under this arrangement, including Securitized Receivables, was $1,157.4 million, a seven percent decrease from $1,246.3 million at September 30, 2016.
We account for our investment in Polaris Acceptance under the equity method. Polaris Acceptance is funded through equal equity cash investments from the partners and a loan from an affiliate of WFCDF. We do not guarantee the outstanding indebtedness of Polaris Acceptance. The partnership agreement provides that all income and losses of Polaris Acceptance are shared 50 percent by our wholly owned subsidiary and 50 percent by WFCDF’s subsidiary. Our total investment in Polaris Acceptance at September 30, 2017 was $70.9 million. Our exposure to losses of Polaris Acceptance is limited to our equity in Polaris Acceptance. Credit losses in the Polaris Acceptance portfolio have been modest, averaging less than one percent of the portfolio.
We have agreed to repurchase products repossessed by Polaris Acceptance up to an annual maximum of 15 percent of the aggregate average month-end outstanding Polaris Acceptance receivables and Securitized Receivables during the prior calendar year. For calendar year 2017, the potential 15 percent aggregate repurchase obligation is approximately $184.0 million. Our financial exposure under this arrangement is limited to the difference between the amount paid to the finance company for repurchases and the amount received on the resale of the repossessed product. No material losses have been incurred under this agreement.
See Note 7 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of Polaris Acceptance.
We have agreements with certain financial institutions, under which these financial institutions provide financing to end consumers of our products in the United States. The income generated from these agreements has been included as a component of income from financial services in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. At September 30, 2017, the agreements in place were as follows:
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Financial institution | Agreement expiration date
Performance Finance | December 2021
Sheffield Financial | February 2021
Synchrony Bank | December 2020

Inflation and Foreign Exchange Rates
The changing relationships of the U.S. dollar to the Japanese yen, the Mexican peso, the Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar, the Euro and other foreign currencies have had a material impact on our results of operations from time to time. We actively manage our exposure to fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates by entering into foreign exchange hedging contracts.
Japanese Yen: During 2016, purchases totaling approximately two percent of our cost of sales were from yen-denominated suppliers. Fluctuations in the yen to U.S. dollar exchange rate primarily impact cost of sales and net income.
Mexican Peso: We have a production facility in Monterrey, Mexico, and also market and sell to customers in Mexico through a wholly owned subsidiary. Fluctuations in the peso to U.S. dollar exchange rate primarily impact sales, cost of sales, and net income.
Canadian Dollar: We operate in Canada through a wholly owned subsidiary. The relationship of the U.S. dollar in relation to the Canadian dollar impacts both sales and net income.
Other currencies: We operate in various countries, principally in Europe and Australia, through wholly owned subsidiaries and also sell to certain distributors in other countries. We also purchase components from certain suppliers directly for our U.S. operations in transactions denominated in the Euro and other foreign currencies. The relationship of the U.S. dollar with these other currencies impacts each of sales, cost of sales and net income.
At September 30, 2017, we had the following open foreign currency hedging contracts for the remainder of 2017 and through December 2018, and expect the following net currency impact on net income, after consideration of the existing foreign currency hedging contracts, when compared to the respective prior year periods:

Foreign Currency |  |  | Foreign currency hedging contracts |  | Currency impact on net income compared to the prior year period
Currency Position |  | Notional amounts (in thousands of U.S. Dollars) |  | Average exchange rate of open contracts |  | Third quarter 2017 |  | Estimated remainder of 2017
Australian Dollar (AUD) | Long |  | $ | 27,947 |  |  | $0.77 to 1 AUD |  | Slightly positive |  | Neutral
Canadian Dollar (CAD) | Long |  | 136,019 |  |  | $0.78 to 1 CAD |  | Slightly positive |  | Neutral
Euro | Long |  | — |  |  | — |  | Slightly positive |  | Neutral
Japanese Yen | Short |  | 907 |  |  | 109 Yen to $1 |  | Slightly positive |  | Slightly negative
Mexican Peso | Short |  | 4,401 |  |  | 20 Peso to $1 |  | Slightly positive |  | Neutral
Norwegian Krone | Long |  | — |  |  | — |  | Neutral |  | Neutral
Swedish Krona | Long |  | — |  |  | — |  | Neutral |  | Slightly positive
Swiss Franc | Short |  | — |  |  | — |  | Neutral |  | Neutral

The assets and liabilities in all our foreign entities are translated at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are reflected as a component of “accumulated other comprehensive loss, net” in the shareholders’ equity section of the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenues and expenses in all of our foreign entities are translated at the average foreign exchange rate in effect for each month of the quarter. Certain assets and liabilities related to intercompany positions reported on our consolidated balance sheet that are denominated in a currency other than the entity’s functional currency are translated at the foreign exchange rates at the balance sheet date and the associated gains and losses are included in net income.
We are subject to market risk from fluctuating market prices of certain purchased commodities and raw materials, including steel, aluminum, petroleum-based resins, certain rare earth metals and diesel fuel. In addition, we are a purchaser of components and parts containing various commodities, including steel, aluminum, rubber and others, which are integrated into the Company’s end products. While such materials are typically available from numerous suppliers, commodity raw materials are subject to price fluctuations. We generally buy these commodities and components based upon market prices that are established with the vendor as part of the purchase process and from time to time will enter into derivative contracts
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to hedge a portion of the exposure to commodity risk. While we occasionally enter into these derivative contracts, at September 30, 2017, we do not have any open derivative contracts in place to hedge our diesel fuel exposure. Based on our current outlook for commodity prices, the total impact of commodities is expected to have a slightly negative impact on our gross margins for the remainder of 2017 when compared to the same period in the prior year.
We are a party to a credit agreement with various lenders consisting of a $600 million revolving loan facility and a $750 million term loan facility. Interest accrues on the revolving loan at variable rates based on LIBOR or “prime” plus the applicable add-on percentage as defined in the agreement. At September 30, 2017, we had an outstanding balance of zero on the revolving loan facility, and an outstanding balance of $690.0 million on the term loan facility.
Critical Accounting Policies
See our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for a discussion of our critical accounting policies.
Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements
Certain matters discussed in this report are “forward-looking statements” intended to qualify for the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These “forward-looking statements,” including but not limited to the impact of foreign exchange rate movements on sales and net income, and commodity price changes on gross margins, can generally be identified as such because the context of the statement will include words such as the Company or management “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates” or words of similar import. Similarly, statements that describe the Company’s future plans, objectives or goals are also forward-looking. Forward-looking statements may also be made from time to time in oral presentations, including telephone, conferences and/or webcasts open to the public. Shareholders, potential investors and others are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause results in future periods to differ materially from those anticipated by some of the statements made in this report, including the risks and uncertainties described under the heading titled “Item 1A-Risk Factors” appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In addition to the factors discussed above, among the other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the following: future conduct of litigation processes; product recalls and warranty expenses; overall economic conditions, including inflation and consumer confidence and spending; interruptions in informal supply arrangements; raw material, commodity and transportation costs; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; product offerings, promotional activities and pricing strategies by competitors; disruptions in manufacturing facilities; the ability to provide products that respond to consumer’s needs and preferences; strategic partners’ sensitivity to economic conditions; acquisition integration costs; environmental and product safety regulatory activity; appropriate levels of dealer and distributor relationships; uncertainty in the retail and wholesale credit markets and relationships with Performance Finance, Sheffield Financial and Synchrony Bank; the ability to protect our intellectual property; the ability to mange our international operations; effects of weather; impairment of goodwill or trade names; the ability to comply with our outstanding debt agreements; changes in tax policy; attracting and retaining skilled employees; and disruptions or breaches of information technology systems. The Company does not undertake any duty to any person to provide updates to its forward-looking statements.
Item 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for a complete discussion on the Company’s market risk. There have been no material changes in market risk from those disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Executive Vice President — Finance and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-15) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that
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information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President — Finance and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner that allows timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls
During the fourth quarter of 2016, we completed the acquisition of TAP Automotive Holdings, LLC ("TAP"). Prior to the acquisition, TAP was a privately-held company and has not been subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the rules and regulations of the SEC, or other corporate governance requirements to which public reporting companies may be subject to. As part of our ongoing integration activities, we are continuing to incorporate our controls and procedures into TAP and to augment our company-wide controls to reflect the risks inherent in an acquisition of this type. Our report on our internal control over financial reporting in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2016 excluded the acquired TAP subsidiaries. However, our report on our internal control over financial reporting in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2017 will include the acquired TAP subsidiaries.
Other than the change noted above, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
Part II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in a number of legal proceedings incidental to our business, none of which is expected to have a material effect on the financial results of our business.
Class action lawsuit. In September and October 2016, investors filed two purported class action complaints in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota naming the Company and two of its executive officers as defendants. On December 12, 2016, the District Court consolidated the two actions and appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel. In a later order, the court set a date of March 14, 2017, for the lead plaintiff to file a consolidated amended complaint or to designate one of the filed complaints as the operative pleading. On March 14, 2017, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended complaint against the Company and six current or former executives for alleged violations of the federal securities laws. The lead plaintiff seeks to represent a class of persons who purchased or acquired Polaris securities during the time period from February 20, 2015 through September 11, 2016. The amended complaint alleges that, during the proposed class period, defendants made materially false or misleading public statements about the Company’s business, operations, forecasts, and compliance policies relating to certain of its ORV products and product recalls. The amended complaint asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and seeks damages in an unspecified amount, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, and an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses. In May 2017, the Company and the other defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. The Court had a hearing on the motion on October 4, 2017. By order entered October 13, 2017, the Court dismissed the amended complaint with prejudice.
Shareholder derivative lawsuit. On August 22, 2017, a shareholder of the Company filed a purported derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota naming 14 present and/or former officers and directors of the Company as defendants. The complaint rests upon substantially the same events as the amended complaint in the class action described above. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, and gross mismanagement. For relief, the complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount, corporate governance changes, disgorgement and restitution of benefits and compensation paid, and an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses. Plaintiff has until November 13, 2017 to file an amended complaint, if Plaintiff chooses, and defendants have until December 13, 2017 to respond.
Item 1A – RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes or additions to our risk factors discussed in our fiscal 2016 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K. Please consider the factors discussed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in such report, which could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, or future results.
Item 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
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Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program |  | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (1)
July 1 — 31, 2017 | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 90.80 |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 6,555,000 |
August 1 — 31, 2017 | 104,000 |  |  | $ | 89.91 |  |  | 104,000 |  |  | 6,451,000 |
September 1 — 30, 2017 | 3,000 |  |  | $ | 96.15 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | 6,448,000 |
Total | 257,000 |  |  | $ | 90.50 |  |  | 257,000 |  |  | 6,448,000 |

(1) The Board of Directors has authorized the cumulative repurchase of up to an aggregate of 86.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Program”). Of that total, 80.1 million shares have been repurchased cumulatively from 1996 through September 30, 2017. The Program does not have an expiration date.
Item 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Item 6 – EXHIBITS
A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.
Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.a |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation of Polaris Industries Inc. (the “Company”), effective April 28, 2017, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.b to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 2, 2017.
3.b |  | Bylaws of the Company, as amended and restated on April 29, 2010, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010.
31.a |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
31.b |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
32.a |  | Certification furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.b |  | Certification furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | The following financial information from Polaris Industries Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017, filed with the SEC on October 26, 2017, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | POLARIS INDUSTRIES INC. (Registrant)
Date: | October 26, 2017 |  | /s/ S COTT W. W INE
|  |  | Scott W. Wine Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | October 26, 2017 |  | /s/ M ICHAEL T. S PEETZEN
|  |  | Michael T. Speetzen Executive Vice President — Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Chief Accounting Officer)

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