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Share-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation Share-based plans. The Company grants long-term equity-based incentives and awards for the benefit of its employees and directors under the shareholder approved Polaris Inc. 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and restated as of April 30, 2020) (the “Omnibus Plan”). A maximum of 27,775,000 shares of common stock are available for issuance under the Omnibus Plan, together with additional shares canceled or forfeited under the prior plans. Stock option awards granted to date under the Omnibus Plan generally vest one to four years from the award date and expire after ten years. In addition, since 2007, the Company has granted a total of 243,000 deferred stock units to its non-employee directors under the Omnibus Plan (with grants of 17,000, 10,000 and 20,000 units in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively), which will be converted into common stock when the director’s board service ends or upon a change in control. Restricted units and performance-based restricted units (collectively restricted stock) awarded under the Omnibus Plan generally vest after a one to four year period. The final number of shares issued under performance-based awards are dependent on achievement of certain performance measures. Under the Polaris Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (“Director Plan”) and the Omnibus Plan, members of the Board of Directors who are not Polaris officers or employees may annually elect to receive common stock equivalents in lieu of director fees, which will be converted into common stock when board service ends. Alternatively, these common stock equivalents may be diversified into other investments until board service ends, pursuant to the terms of the Director Plan. A maximum of 500,000 shares of common stock has been authorized under the Director Plan, of which 73,000 common stock equivalents have been earned and 427,000 shares have been issued to retired directors as of December 31, 2022. Authorized shares under the Director Plan were exhausted in 2017. Since 2017, the Company has granted a total of 67,000 common stock equivalents to its non-employee directors under the Omnibus Plan (with grants of 11,000, 8,000 and 13,000 units in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively). As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s liability under the plans for the common stock equivalents totaled $9.2 million and $8.8 million, respectively. The Company maintains a long-term incentive program under which awards are issued for certain employees. Long-term incentive program awards are granted in restricted stock units and stock options and are accounted for as equity awards. Share-based compensation expense. The amount of compensation cost for share-based awards recognized during a period is based on the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Total share-based compensation expenses were as follows (in millions):
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Option awards | $ | 11.4 |  | $ | 9.8 |  | $ | 13.8
Other share-based awards | 39.2 |  | 40.9 |  | 40.9
Total share-based compensation before tax | 50.6 |  | 50.7 |  | 54.7
Tax benefit | 12.0 |  | 12.1 |  | 13.1
Total share-based compensation expense included in net income | $ | 38.6 |  | $ | 38.6 |  | $ | 41.6
These share-based compensation expenses are reflected in cost of sales and operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2022, there was $52.4 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested share-based equity awards. Unrecognized share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years. Included in unrecognized share-based compensation expense is approximately $5.1 million related to stock options and $47.3 million for restricted stock. In addition to the above share-based compensation expenses, the Company sponsors a qualified non-leveraged employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). Shares allocated to eligible participants’ accounts vest at various percentage rates based on years of service and require no cash payments from the recipient. See Note 6 for additional information. General stock option and restricted stock information. The following summarizes stock option activity and the weighted average exercise price for the Omnibus Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Omnibus Plan (Active)
| Options Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 3,279,701 |  |  | $ | 104.29
Granted | 346,535 |  |  | 113.11
Exercised | (351,332) |  |  | 87.36
Forfeited/Expired | (151,161) |  |  | 125.59
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 3,123,743 |  |  | $ | 106.16
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2022 | 2,504,752 |  |  | $ | 104.91
The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding and of options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022 was 5.2 years and 4.4 years, respectively. Substantially all unvested outstanding options are expected to vest. The following assumptions were used to estimate the weighted average fair value of options granted of $37.41, $36.77 and $21.76 during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Weighted-average volatility | 43% |  | 43% |  | 34%
Expected dividend yield | 2.2% |  | 2.1% |  | 2.6%
Expected term (in years) | 4.9 |  | 4.7 |  | 4.5
Weighted average risk free interest rate | 1.7% |  | 0.5% |  | 1.4%
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $9.9 million. The total intrinsic value of options outstanding and of options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2022, was $35.7 million and $33.6 million, respectively. The total intrinsic values are based on the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the applicable year for in-the-money options. The grant date fair value for performance awards with a total shareholder return (TSR) market condition were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model utilizing the following weighted-average assumptions:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Weighted-average volatility | 48% |  | 49% |  | 35%
Expected dividend yield | 2.2% |  | 2.1% |  | 2.6%
Expected term (in years) | 3.0 |  | 3.0 |  | 3.0
Weighted average risk free interest rate | 1.5% |  | 0.2% |  | 1.4%
The Company used its historical stock price as the basis for the Company’s volatility assumption. The assumed risk-free interest rates were based on U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of grant. The expected term was based on the vesting period. The weighted-average fair value used to record compensation expense for TSR performance share awards granted during 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $146.08, $165.54, and $98.09 per award, respectively. The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Shares Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Grant Price
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 1,063,753 |  |  | $ | 101.72
Granted | 347,083 |  |  | 119.42
Vested | (443,170) |  |  | 91.05
Forfeited/Cancelled | (101,648) |  |  | 109.24
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 866,018 |  |  | $ | 113.40
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 | 904,410 |  |  | $ | 112.52
The shares granted above include 66,184 performance restricted stock unit awards. These performance grants are the number of shares that would be earned at the target level of performance. The number of shares of Polaris common stock that could actually be delivered at the end of the three-year performance period for performance restricted stock units may be anywhere from 0% to 200% of target for each performance share, depending on the performance of the Company during such performance period. The total intrinsic value of restricted stock expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 was $91.3 million. The total intrinsic value is based on the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the year. The weighted average fair values at the grant dates of grants awarded under the Omnibus Plan for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $119.42, $122.08 and $92.23, respectively.

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