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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense consisted of the following (in thousands):
For the years ended December 31,
202420232022
Current
Federal$41,112 $19,914 $— 
State— 
41,115 19,919 — 
Deferred
Federal(10,696)51,153 143,897 
State2,644 1,718 (2,091)
(8,052)52,871 141,806 
Total$33,063 $72,790 $141,806 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
Total income tax expense differs from the expected tax expense (computed by multiplying the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% by income before income taxes) as a result of the following (in thousands):
 For the years ended December 31,
202420232022
AmountRate AmountRate AmountRate
Income before income tax expense283,666 551,419 783,104 
Tax expense at statutory tax rate $59,570 21.0 %$115,798 21.0 %$164,452 21.0 %
Effect of:
Executive compensation limitation4,595 1.6 %3,548 0.6 %3,659 0.5 %
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction(12,118)(4.3)%(26,077)(4.7)%— — %
Percentage depletion(14,400)(5.1)%(21,811)(4.0)%(23,638)(3.0)%
State and local income tax, net of federal effect2,370 0.8 %1,508 0.3 %(2,404)(0.3)%
Marginal well tax credit(4,943)(1.7)%— — %(87)— %
Other(2,011)(0.7)%(176)— %(176)— %
Tax expense recognized$33,063 11.7 %$72,790 13.2 %$141,806 18.1 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Significant components of the Company's deferred income tax assets and liabilities were (in thousands):
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Deferred income tax assets:
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards$48,804 $47,940 
Inventory8,670 2,204 
Asset retirement obligations18,114 17,900 
Black lung obligations7,793 6,134 
Accrued expenses8,861 6,259 
Other1,852 1,299 
Total deferred income tax assets94,094 81,736 
Less: valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets(44,674)(41,016)
Net deferred income tax assets49,420 40,720 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses(10,930)(6,757)
Property, plant and equipment(98,283)(100,834)
Other(832)(1,806)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(110,045)(109,397)
Net deferred income tax liability$(60,625)$(68,677)
Summary of Valuation Allowance
The following table shows the balance of the Company's valuation allowance and the associated activity during 2024 :
 December 31, 2024
Beginning balance$41,016 
Addition - deferred income tax expense3,658 
Ending balance$44,674