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Note 17 - Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements |
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] | 17. Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company uses fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, primarily securities available for-sale and derivatives. For assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value, the fair value measurement criteria may or may not be met during a reporting period and such measurements are therefore considered “nonrecurring” for purposes of disclosing our fair value measurements. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to adjust carrying values for individually evaluated loans and other real estate owned and also to record impairment on certain assets, such as goodwill, CDI, and other long-lived assets. The Company used valuation methodologies to measure assets at fair value under ASC Topic 820 and ASC Topic 825, as amended by ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03, to estimate the fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value. The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities is classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
| ● | Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
| ● | Level 2 – Observable prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; directly observable market inputs for substantially the full term of the asset and liability; market inputs that are not directly observable but are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
| ● | Level 3 – Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that a market participant would use.
The classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy is based on whether inputs to the valuation methodology used are observable or unobservable, and the significance of those inputs in the fair value measurement. The Company’s assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurements as follows: Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis The Company uses the following methodologies to measure the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis: Securities Available for Sale and Equity Securities. For certain actively traded agency preferred stocks, mutual funds, U.S. Treasury securities, and other equity securities, the Company measures the fair value based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement. The Company also measures securities by using quoted market prices for similar securities or dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement. This category generally includes U.S. Government agency securities, state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), commercial MBS, collateralized mortgage obligations, asset-backed securities, corporate bonds and trust preferred securities. Warrants. The Company measures the fair value of warrants based on unobservable inputs based on assumption and management judgment, a Level 3 measurement. Currency Option Contracts and Foreign Exchange Contracts. The Company measures the fair value of currency option and foreign exchange contracts based on observable market rates on a recurring basis, a Level 2 measurement. Interest Rate Swaps. The Company measures the fair value of interest rate swaps using third party models with observable market data, a Level 2 measurement. The following tables present the Company’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023, and at December 31, 2022:
As of December 31, 2023 |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |  | Total at |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Fair Value |
Assets |  | (In thousands) |
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | 495,300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 495,300 |
U.S. government agency entities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,169 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,169 |
U.S. government sponsored entities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 786,723 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 786,723 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,044 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,044 |
Corporate debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 246,334 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 246,334 |
Total securities available-for-sale |  |  | 495,300 |  |  |  | 1,109,270 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,604,570 |
Equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  |  | 5,585 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,585 |
Preferred stock of government sponsored entities |  |  | 1,821 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,821 |
Other equity securities |  |  | 33,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33,000 |
Total equity securities |  |  | 40,406 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,406 |
Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54,268 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54,268 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 379 |
Total assets |  | $ | 535,706 |  |  | $ | 1,163,917 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,699,623 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,762 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,762 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 175 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,937 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,937 |
As of December 31, 2022 |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |  | Total at |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Fair Value |
Assets |  | (In thousands) |
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | 240,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 240,500 |
U.S. government agency entities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63,610 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63,610 |
U.S. government sponsored entities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 867,094 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 867,094 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,061 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,061 |
Corporate debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 241,083 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 241,083 |
Total securities available-for-sale |  |  | 240,500 |  |  |  | 1,232,848 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,473,348 |
Equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  |  | 5,509 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,509 |
Preferred stock of government sponsored entities |  |  | 1,289 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,289 |
Other equity securities |  |  | 15,360 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,360 |
Total equity securities |  |  | 22,158 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,158 |
Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 50 |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,443 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,443 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | 448 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 448 |
Total assets |  | $ | 262,658 |  |  | $ | 1,277,739 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 1,540,447 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,864 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,864 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | 942 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 942 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 52,806 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 52,806 |
Assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. Certain assets or liabilities are required to be measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to initial recognition. Generally, these adjustments are the result of lower-of-cost-or-fair value or other impairment write-downs of individual assets. In determining the estimated fair values during the period, the Company determined that substantially all the changes in estimated fair value were due to declines in market conditions versus instrument specific credit risk. For the year ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were no material adjustments to fair value for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related individual assets at December 31, 2023, and at December 31, 2022, and the total losses for the periods indicated:
|  | As of December 31, 2023 |  |  | Total Losses |
|  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |  | Total at |  |  | For the Twelve Months Ended |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Assets |  | (In thousands) |
Non-accrual loans by type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,786 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,882 |  |  |  | 6,882 |  |  |  | 4,069 |  |  |  | 2,091 |
Total non-accrual loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,073 |  |  |  | 7,073 |  |  |  | 4,069 |  |  |  | 3,877 |
Other real estate owned (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,446 |  |  |  | 20,446 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Investments in venture capital |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 227 |  |  |  | 268 |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,756 |  |  | $ | 27,756 |  |  | $ | 4,296 |  |  | $ | 4,145 |
(1) Other real estate owned balance of $19.4 million in the Consolidated Balance Sheets is net of estimated disposal costs.
|  | As of December 31, 2022 |  |  | Total Losses |
|  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |  | Total at |  |  | For the Twelve Months Ended |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | December 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Assets |  | (In thousands) |
Non-accrual loans by type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,950 |  |  | $ | 12,950 |  |  | $ | 1,786 |  |  | $ | 1,012 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,205 |  |  |  | 32,205 |  |  |  | 2,091 |  |  |  | — |
Residential mortgage and equity lines |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,978 |  |  |  | 8,978 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Installment and other loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total non-accrual loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54,141 |  |  |  | 54,141 |  |  |  | 3,877 |  |  |  | 1,012 |
Other real estate owned (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,328 |  |  |  | 4,328 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17 |
Investments in venture capital |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 689 |  |  |  | 689 |  |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | 143 |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,158 |  |  | $ | 59,158 |  |  | $ | 4,145 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |
(1) Other real estate owned balance of $4.1 million in the Consolidated Balance Sheets is net of estimated disposal costs.
The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent individually evaluated loans was primarily based on the appraised value of collateral adjusted by estimated sales cost and commissions. The Company generally obtains new appraisal reports every twelve months as appropriate. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to monetize the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, less marketable collateral would receive a larger discount. In the current year, the Company used borrower specific collateral discounts with various discount levels. The fair value of individually evaluated loans is calculated based on the net realizable fair value of the collateral or the observable market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from loans held for sale. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent non-accrual loans are recorded based on the current appraised value of the collateral, a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value using discounted future cash flows or old appraisals which are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement. The significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of other real estate owned (“OREO”) are primarily based on the appraised value of OREO adjusted by estimated sales cost and commissions. The Company applies estimated sales cost and commissions ranging from 3% to 6% of the collateral value of individually evaluated loans, quoted price, or loan sale price of loans held for sale, and appraised value of OREO. The significant unobservable inputs in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for the fair value of warrants are the expected life of warrant ranging from one to six years, risk-free interest rate from 4.25% to 5.11%, and stock volatility of the Company from 20.14% to 27.69% as of December 31, 2022. There were no warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2023. Fair value is estimated in accordance with ASC Topic 825. Fair value estimates are made at specific points in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Bank’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Bank’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involved uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. The following tables present carrying amounts and estimated fair values of certain financial instruments as of the dates indicated:
|  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |  |  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (In thousands) |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 173,988 |  |  | $ | 173,988 |  |  | $ | 195,440 |  |  | $ | 195,440 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 654,813 |  |  |  | 654,813 |  |  |  | 966,962 |  |  |  | 966,962 |
Securities available-for-sale |  |  | 1,604,570 |  |  |  | 1,604,570 |  |  |  | 1,473,348 |  |  |  | 1,473,348 |
Loans, net |  |  | 19,382,858 |  |  |  | 19,605,152 |  |  |  | 18,100,898 |  |  |  | 17,944,588 |
Equity securities |  |  | 40,406 |  |  |  | 40,406 |  |  |  | 22,158 |  |  |  | 22,158 |
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | 17,746 |  |  |  | 17,746 |  |  |  | 17,250 |  |  |  | 17,250 |
Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 50 |
|  | Notional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Notional |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | $ | 124,452 |  |  | $ | 379 |  |  | $ | 72,996 |  |  | $ | 448 |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 1,406,879 |  |  |  | 54,268 |  |  |  | 817,615 |  |  |  | 44,443 |
Financial Liabilities |  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |  |  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Deposits |  | $ | 19,325,447 |  |  | $ | 19,347,070 |  |  | $ | 18,505,279 |  |  | $ | 18,572,387 |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank |  |  | 540,000 |  |  |  | 536,996 |  |  |  | 485,000 |  |  |  | 482,737 |
Other borrowings |  |  | 15,787 |  |  |  | 13,978 |  |  |  | 22,600 |  |  |  | 18,385 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 119,136 |  |  |  | 72,304 |  |  |  | 119,136 |  |  |  | 68,231 |
|  | Notional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Notional |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 101,378 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 170,213 |  |  |  | 942 |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 1,078,880 |  |  |  | 45,762 |  |  |  | 595,426 |  |  |  | 51,864 |
|  | Notional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Notional |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit |  | $ | 3,808,620 |  |  | $ | (14,344 | ) |  | $ | 3,630,304 |  |  | $ | (14,797 | )
Standby letters of credit |  |  | 368,618 |  |  |  | (2,821 | ) |  |  | 315,821 |  |  |  | (2,738 | )
Other letters of credit |  |  | 11,308 |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 29,416 |  |  |  | (33 | )
The following tables present the level in the fair value hierarchy for the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
|  | As of December 31, 2023 |
|  | Estimated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Measurements |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 173,988 |  |  | $ | 173,988 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Short-term investments |  |  | 654,813 |  |  |  | 654,813 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Loans, net |  |  | 19,605,152 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,605,152 |
Equity securities |  |  | 40,406 |  |  |  | 40,406 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | 17,746 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,746 |  |  |  | — |
Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 19,347,070 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,347,070 |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank |  |  | 536,996 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 536,996 |  |  |  | — |
Other borrowings |  |  | 13,978 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,978 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 72,304 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72,304 |  |  |  | — |
|  | As of December 31, 2022 |
|  | Estimated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Measurements |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 195,440 |  |  | $ | 195,440 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Short-term investments |  |  | 966,962 |  |  |  | 966,962 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Loans, net |  |  | 17,944,588 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,944,588 |
Equity securities |  |  | 22,158 |  |  |  | 22,158 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | 17,250 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,250 |  |  |  | — |
Warrants |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 18,572,387 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,572,387 |
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank |  |  | 482,737 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 482,737 |  |  |  | — |
Other borrowings |  |  | 18,385 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,385 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 68,231 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68,231 |  |  |  | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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