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Note 16 - Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

16.         Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Company uses fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis, primarily securities available for-sale and derivatives. For assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value, the fair value measurement criteria may or may not be met during a reporting period and such measurements are therefore considered “nonrecurring” for purposes of disclosing our fair value measurements. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to adjust carrying values for individually evaluated loans and other real estate owned and also to record impairment on certain assets, such as goodwill, CDI, and other long-lived assets.

 

The Company used valuation methodologies to measure assets at fair value under ASC Topic 820 and ASC Topic 825, as amended by ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2018-03, to estimate the fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value. The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities is classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

 

 

●

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

 

●

Level 2 – Observable prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; directly observable market inputs for substantially the full term of the asset and liability; market inputs that are not directly observable but are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

 

 

●

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own judgment about the assumptions that a market participant would use.

 

The classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy is based on whether inputs to the valuation methodology used are observable or unobservable, and the significance of those inputs in the fair value measurement. The Company’s assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurements.

 

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

 

The Company uses the following methodologies to measure the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis:

 

Securities Available for Sale and Equity Securities. For certain actively traded agency preferred stocks, mutual funds, U.S. Treasury securities, and other equity securities, the Company measures the fair value based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement.  The Company also measures securities by using quoted market prices for similar securities or dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement.  This category generally includes U.S. Government agency securities, U.S. Government sponsored entities, state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), collateralized mortgage obligations and corporate bonds.  

 

Warrants. The Company measures the fair value of warrants based on unobservable inputs based on assumptions and management judgment, a Level 3 measurement.

 

Currency Option Contracts and Foreign Exchange Contracts. The Company measures the fair value of currency option and foreign exchange contracts based on observable market rates on a recurring basis, a Level 2 measurement.

 

Interest Rate Swaps. The Company measures the fair value of interest rate swaps using third party models with observable market data, a Level 2 measurement.

 

The following tables present financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024, and at December 31, 2023:

 

As of December 31, 2024

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

 
  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

 

Assets

 

(In thousands)

 

Securities AFS

                

U.S. Treasury securities

 $621,462  $—  $—  $621,462 

U.S. government agency entities

  —   9,149   —   9,149 

Mortgage-backed securities

  —   684,016   —   684,016 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  —   24,556   —   24,556 

Corporate debt securities

  —   207,945   —   207,945 

Total securities available-for-sale

  621,462   925,666   —   1,547,128 
                 

Equity securities

                

Mutual funds

  5,532   —   —   5,532 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  7,287   —   —   7,287 

Other equity securities

  20,071   —   —   20,071 

Total equity securities

  32,890   —   —   32,890 

Interest rate swaps

  —   39,958   —   39,958 

Foreign exchange contracts

     490   —   490 

Total assets

 $654,352  $966,114  $—  $1,620,466 
                 

Liabilities

                

Interest rate swaps

 $—  $36,319  $—  $36,319 

Foreign exchange contracts

  —   785   —   785 

Total liabilities

 $—  $37,104  $—  $37,104 

 

As of December 31, 2023

 

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

 
  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

 

Assets

 

(In thousands)

 

Securities AFS

                

U.S. Treasury securities

 $495,300  $—  $—  $495,300 

U.S. government agency entities

  —   48,169   —   48,169 

Mortgage-backed securities

  —   786,723   —   786,723 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

  —   28,044   —   28,044 

Corporate debt securities

  —   246,334   —   246,334 

Total securities available-for-sale

  495,300   1,109,270   —   1,604,570 
                 

Equity securities

                

Mutual funds

  5,585   —   —   5,585 

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

  1,821   —   —   1,821 

Other equity securities

  33,000   —   —   33,000 

Total equity securities

  40,406   —   —   40,406 

Interest rate swaps

  —   54,268   —   54,268 

Foreign exchange contracts

     379   —   379 

Total assets

 $535,706  $1,163,917  $—  $1,699,623 
                 

Liabilities

                

Interest rate swaps

 $—  $45,762  $—  $45,762 

Foreign exchange contracts

  —   175   —   175 

Total liabilities

 $—  $45,937  $—  $45,937 

 

Financial assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis.

 

Certain assets or liabilities are required to be measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to initial recognition. Generally, these adjustments are the result of lower-of-cost-or-fair value or other impairment write-downs of individual assets. In determining the estimated fair values during the period, the Company determined that substantially all the changes in estimated fair value were due to declines in market conditions versus instrument specific credit risk. For the periods ended December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, there were no material adjustments to fair value for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP.

 

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company entered into a restructuring support agreement and received equity securities in a private company, a Level 3 measurement.  The fair value of the Company’s Level 3 equity securities were measured using the private company’s projected earnings plus cash on hand. The primary inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurement was derived from the issuer’s projected earnings and collateral, which included cash on hand, the financial standing of the issuer, the business and financial plan of the issuer, among other factors. Significant increases or decreases in any of the inputs or assumptions could result in a significant increase or decrease in the fair value measurement.

 

For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the following tables set forth the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment, the carrying value of the related individual assets at December 31, 2024, and  December 31, 2023, and the total losses for the periods indicated:

 

  

As of December 31, 2024

  

Total Losses

 
  

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

  

For the Twelve Months Ended

 
  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

  

December 31, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 

Assets

 

(In thousands)

 
                         

Non-accrual loans by type:

                        

Commercial loans

 $—  $—  $10,896  $10,896  $5,654  $— 

Commercial real estate loans

  —   —   15,320   15,320   4,049   4,069 

Residential mortgage and equity lines

  —   —   243   243   59   — 

Total non-accrual loans

  —   —   26,459   26,459   9,762   4,069 

Other real estate owned (1)

  —   —   24,126   24,126   —   — 

Other equity securities

  —   —   1,539   1,539   —   — 

Investments in venture capital

  —   —   86   86   147   227 

Total assets

 $—  $—  $52,210  $52,210  $9,909  $4,296 

 

(1) Other real estate owned balance of $23.1 million in the Consolidated Balance Sheets is net of estimated disposal costs. 

 

  

As of December 31, 2023

  

Total Losses

 
  

Fair Value Measurements Using

  

Total at

  

For the Twelve Months Ended

 
  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

  

Fair Value

  

December 31, 2023

  

December 31, 2022

 

Assets

 

(In thousands)

 
                         

Non-accrual loans by type:

                        

Commercial loans

 $—  $—  $191  $191  $—  $1,786 

Commercial real estate loans

  —   —   6,882   6,882   4,069   2,091 

Total non-accrual loans

  —   —   7,073   7,073   4,069   3,877 

Other real estate owned (1)

  —   —   20,446   20,446   —   — 

Investments in venture capital

  —   —   237   237   227   268 

Total assets

 $—  $—  $27,756  $27,756  $4,296  $4,145 

 

(1) Other real estate owned balance of $19.4 million in the Consolidated Balance Sheets is net of estimated disposal costs. 

 

The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent individually evaluated loans are primarily based on the appraised value of collateral adjusted by estimated sales cost and commissions.  The Company generally obtains new appraisal reports every twelve months as appropriate.  As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to monetize the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, less marketable collateral would receive a larger discount. In the current year, the Company used borrower specific collateral discounts with various discount levels.

 

The fair value of individually evaluated loans is calculated based on the net realizable fair value of the collateral or the observable market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from loans held for sale. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent individually evaluated loans are recorded based on the current appraised value of the collateral, a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value using discounted future cash flows or old appraisals which are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement.

 

Loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value upon transfer. Loans held for sale may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when fair value is less than cost. Fair value is generally determined based on available market data for similar loans and therefore, are classified as Level 2 measurement.

 

The significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of other real estate owned (“OREO”) are primarily based on the appraised value of OREO adjusted by estimated sales cost and commissions. The Company applies estimated sales cost and commissions ranging from 3% to 6% of the collateral value of individually evaluated loans, quoted price, or loan sale price of loans held for sale, and appraised value of OREO.

 

Fair value is estimated in accordance with ASC Topic 825.  Fair value estimates are made at specific points in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument.  These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Bank’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.    Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Bank’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors.  These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.  

 

The following tables sets forth the carrying amounts and notional amounts and estimated fair value of financial instruments as of  December 31, 2024, and  December 31, 2023 :  

 

  

December 31, 2024

  

December 31, 2023

 
  

Carrying

      

Carrying

     
  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                

Cash and due from banks

 $157,167  $157,167  $173,988  $173,988 

Short-term investments

  882,353   882,353   654,813   654,813 

Securities AFS

  1,547,128   1,547,128   1,604,570   1,604,570 

Loans, net

  19,203,649   19,500,647   19,382,858   19,605,152 

Equity securities

  34,429   34,429   40,406   40,406 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  17,250   17,250   17,746   17,746 

 

  

Notional

      

Notional

     
  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Foreign exchange contracts

 $62,794  $490  $124,452  $379 

Interest rate swaps

  1,065,580   39,958   1,406,879   54,268 

 

Financial Liabilities

 

Carrying

      

Carrying

     
  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 
                 

Deposits

 $19,686,199  $19,670,327  $19,325,447  $19,347,070 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  60,000   59,606   540,000   536,996 

Other borrowings

  17,740   15,281   15,787   13,978 

Long-term debt

  119,136   73,752   119,136   72,304 

 

  

Notional

      

Notional

     
  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Foreign exchange contracts

  171,945   785   101,378   175 

Interest rate swaps

  1,198,471   36,319   1,078,880   45,762 

 

  

Notional

      

Notional

     
  

Amount

  

Fair Value

  

Amount

  

Fair Value

 

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

                

Commitments to extend credit

 $3,470,296  $(18,226) $3,808,620  $(14,344)

Standby letters of credit

  439,769   (2,900)  368,618   (2,821)

Other letters of credit

  12,347   (14)  11,308   (10)

 

The following tables set forth the level in the fair value hierarchy for the estimated fair values of financial instruments as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis already presented in other tables in this note:

 

  

As of December 31, 2024

 
  

Estimated

             
  

Fair Value

             
  

Measurements

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                

Cash and due from banks

 $157,167  $157,167  $—  $— 

Short-term investments

  882,353   882,353   —   — 

Loans, net

  19,500,647   —   —   19,500,647 

Equity securities

  1,539   —   —   1,539 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  17,250   —   17,250   — 

Financial Liabilities

                

Deposits

  19,670,327   —   —   19,670,327 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  59,606   —   59,606   — 

Other borrowings

  15,281   —   —   15,281 

Long-term debt

  73,752   —   73,752   — 

 

  

As of December 31, 2023

 
  

Estimated

             
  

Fair Value

             
  

Measurements

  

Level 1

  

Level 2

  

Level 3

 
  

(In thousands)

 

Financial Assets

                

Cash and due from banks

 $173,988  $173,988  $—  $— 

Short-term investments

  654,813   654,813   —   — 

Loans, net

  19,605,152   —   —   19,605,152 

Equity securities

  40,406   40,406   —   — 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

  17,746   —   17,746   — 

Financial Liabilities

                

Deposits

  19,347,070   —   —   19,347,070 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

  536,996   —   536,996   — 

Other borrowings

  13,978   —   —   13,978 

Long-term debt

  72,304   —   72,304   —