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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2025
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 1-12777

AZZ Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas |  | 75-0948250
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Museum Place, Suite 500 |  |
3100 West 7th Street |  |
Fort Worth, | Texas |  | 76107
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(817) 810-0095
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock |  | AZZ |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐
Smaller reporting company |  | ☐ |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of July 2, 2025, the registrant had outstanding 30,014,037 shares of common stock; $1.00 par value per share.

Table of Contents

|  | PAGE NO.
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 26
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 39
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 39
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 39
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 39
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 39
Item 5 | Other Information | 39
Item 6. | Exhibits | 41
| SIGNATURES | 42

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
AZZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value)
(Unaudited)

|  | As of
|  | May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 3,043 |  |  | $ | 1,488 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $431 and $419 at May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025, respectively |  | 153,496 |  |  | 135,149 |
Other receivables |  | 14,919 |  |  | 12,932 |
Inventories |  | 110,759 |  |  | 112,313 |
Contract assets |  | 109,093 |  |  | 106,507 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  | 16,635 |  |  | 7,055 |
Total current assets |  | 407,945 |  |  | 375,444 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 597,892 |  |  | 592,941 |
Right-of-use assets |  | 27,544 |  |  | 25,951 |
Goodwill |  | 704,873 |  |  | 703,863 |
Deferred tax assets |  | 4,015 |  |  | 3,620 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 413,207 |  |  | 421,850 |
Investment in AVAIL joint venture |  | — |  |  | 99,379 |
Other assets |  | 3,709 |  |  | 4,053 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,159,185 |  |  | $ | 2,227,101 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 107,196 |  |  | $ | 106,471 |
Income taxes payable |  | 54,608 |  |  | 602 |
Accrued salaries and wages |  | 20,458 |  |  | 37,742 |
Other accrued liabilities |  | 79,631 |  |  | 68,428 |
Lease liability, short-term |  | 8,204 |  |  | 7,749 |
Total current liabilities |  | 270,097 |  |  | 220,992 |
Long-term debt, net |  | 569,807 |  |  | 852,365 |
Lease liability, long-term |  | 20,168 |  |  | 19,012 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  | 39,355 |  |  | 42,819 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 45,460 |  |  | 46,418 |
Total liabilities |  | 944,887 |  |  | 1,181,606 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18) |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |
Common stock, $1 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 30,007 and 29,913 shares issued and outstanding at May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025, respectively |  | 30,007 |  |  | 29,913 |
Capital in excess of par value |  | 418,399 |  |  | 418,004 |
Retained earnings |  | 774,981 |  |  | 609,158 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (9,089) |  |  | (11,580) |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 1,214,298 |  |  | 1,045,495 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |  | $ | 2,159,185 |  |  | $ | 2,227,101 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
AZZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share and dividend amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Sales |  | $ | 421,962 |  |  | $ | 413,208 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  | 317,832 |  |  | 310,538 |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin |  | 104,130 |  |  | 102,670 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 34,581 |  |  | 32,921 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income |  | 69,549 |  |  | 69,749 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net |  | (18,563) |  |  | (22,774) |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | 173,523 |  |  | 3,824 |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net |  | 1,327 |  |  | 204 |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes |  | 225,836 |  |  | 51,003 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense |  | 54,928 |  |  | 11,401 |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 170,908 |  |  | 39,602 |  |  |  |  |
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends |  | — |  |  | (1,200) |  |  |  |  |
Redemption premium on Series A Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | (75,198) |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |  | $ | 170,908 |  |  | $ | (36,796) |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 5.71 |  |  | $ | (1.38) |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 5.66 |  |  | $ | (1.38) |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic |  | 29,941 |  |  | 26,751 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted |  | 30,217 |  |  | 26,751 |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends declared per common share |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
AZZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |  | $ | 170,908 |  |  | $ | (36,796) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized translation gain (loss) |  | 1,956 |  |  | (425) |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized translation gain (loss) for unconsolidated subsidiary, net of tax(1) |  | 241 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives qualified for hedge accounting: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap, net of tax(2) |  | 339 |  |  | 2,219 |  |  |  |  |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings, net of tax(3) |  | (48) |  |  | (1,100) |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap, net of tax for unconsolidated subsidiary(4) |  | 3 |  |  | 141 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income |  | 2,491 |  |  | 835 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 173,399 |  |  | $ | (35,961) |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Unrealized translation loss for unconsolidated subsidiary is related to our unconsolidated investment in the AVAIL JV and represents our 40% interest in this amount. Net of tax expense of $76 for the three months ended May 31, 2025.
(2) | Net of tax expense of $113 and $625 for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024, respectively.
(3) | Net of tax benefit of ($16) and ($348) for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024, respectively. See Note 8.
(4) | Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap, net of tax for unconsolidated subsidiary is related to our unconsolidated investment in the AVAIL JV and represents our 40% interest in this amount. Net of tax expense of $1 and $44 for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
AZZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended May 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |  | $ | 170,908 |  |  | $ | (36,796) |
Plus: Dividends on Series A Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | 1,200 |
Plus: Redemption premium on Series A Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | 75,198 |
Net income |  | 170,908 |  |  | 39,602 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Bad debt expense |  | 320 |  |  | 330 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 21,827 |  |  | 20,323 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (4,056) |  |  | 3,164 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities |  | (173,523) |  |  | (3,824) |
Distribution on investment in AVAIL joint venture |  | 273,223 |  |  | 539 |
Restructuring charges |  | 3,744 |  |  | — |
Net gain on sale of property, plant and equipment |  | (2,686) |  |  | (16) |
Amortization of debt financing costs |  | 3,198 |  |  | 3,109 |
Share-based compensation expense |  | 5,086 |  |  | 2,535 |
Changes in current assets and current liabilities |  | 17,768 |  |  | 7,610 |
Changes in other long-term assets and long-term liabilities |  | (1,027) |  |  | (1,428) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 314,782 |  |  | 71,944 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  | (20,896) |  |  | (27,396) |
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment |  | 3,774 |  |  | 17 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (17,122) |  |  | (27,379) |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  | — |  |  | 308,723 |
Redemption of Series A Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | (308,920) |
Tax payments related to common stock issued under stock-based plans |  | (4,598) |  |  | (4,567) |
Proceeds from Revolving Credit Facility |  | 210,000 |  |  | 75,000 |
Payments on Revolving Credit Facility |  | (160,000) |  |  | (70,000) |
Payments of debt financing costs |  | (20) |  |  | (715) |
Payments on long term debt and finance leases |  | (335,809) |  |  | (30,196) |
Payments of dividends |  | (5,085) |  |  | (7,867) |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (295,512) |  |  | (38,542) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | (593) |  |  | 174 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,555 |  |  | 6,197 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 1,488 |  |  | 4,349 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 3,043 |  |  | $ | 10,546 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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AZZ INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, 2025
|  | Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  | 29,913 |  |  | $ | 29,913 |  |  | $ | 418,004 |  |  | $ | 609,158 |  |  | $ | (11,580) |  |  | $ | 1,045,495 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,086 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,086 |
Common stock issued under stock-based plans and related tax expense |  | 94 |  |  | 94 |  |  | (4,691) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,597) |
Cash dividends paid on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,085) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,085) |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170,908 |  |  | — |  |  | 170,908 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,491 |  |  | 2,491 |
Balance at May 31, 2025 |  | 30,007 |  |  | $ | 30,007 |  |  | $ | 418,399 |  |  | $ | 774,981 |  |  | $ | (9,089) |  |  | $ | 1,214,298 |

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, 2024
|  | Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance at February 29, 2024 |  | 25,102 |  |  | $ | 25,102 |  |  | $ | 103,330 |  |  | $ | 576,231 |  |  | $ | (3,894) |  |  | $ | 700,769 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,535 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,535 |
Common stock issued under stock-based plans and related tax expense |  | 112 |  |  | 112 |  |  | (4,679) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,567) |
Secondary public offering and issuance of additional common stock |  | 4,600 |  |  | 4,600 |  |  | 304,123 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 308,723 |
Dividends on Series A Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,200) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,200) |
Cash dividends paid on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,267) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,267) |
Redemption premium on Series A Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75,198) |  |  | — |  |  | (75,198) |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,602 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 835 |  |  | 835 |
Balance at May 31, 2024 |  | 29,814 |  |  | $ | 29,814 |  |  | $ | 405,309 |  |  | $ | 535,168 |  |  | $ | (3,059) |  |  | $ | 967,232 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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AZZ INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. The Company and Basis of Presentation
AZZ Inc. ("AZZ", the "Company", "our" or "we") was established in 1956 and incorporated under the laws of the state of Texas. We are a provider of hot-dip galvanizing and coil coating solutions to a broad range of end markets in North America. We have three distinct operating segments: the AZZ Metal Coatings segment, the AZZ Precoat Metals segment, and the AZZ Infrastructure Solutions segment. Our AZZ Metal Coatings segment is a leading provider of metal coating solutions for corrosion protection, including hot-dip galvanizing, spin galvanizing, powder coating, anodizing and plating to the North American steel fabrication industry and other industries. The AZZ Precoat Metals segment provides aesthetic and corrosion protective coatings and related value-added services for steel and aluminum coil, primarily serving the construction; appliance; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); container; transportation and other end markets in North America. The AZZ Infrastructure Solutions segment represents our 40% non-controlling interest in AIS Investment Holdings LLC (the "AVAIL JV"). AIS Investment Holdings LLC is primarily dedicated to delivering safe and reliable transmission of power from generation sources to end customers, and automated weld overlay solutions for corrosion and erosion mitigation to critical infrastructure in markets worldwide.
Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of February 28, 2025 was derived from audited financial statements. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2025, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on April 21, 2025. Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Our fiscal year ends on the last day of February and is identified as the fiscal year for the calendar year in which it ends. For example, the fiscal year ending February 28, 2026 is referred to as fiscal 2026.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of May 31, 2025, the results of its operations and cash flows for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024. The interim results reported herein are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2024, FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), which expands disclosures about a public entity’s expenses, including inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, selling expenses and other expense categories. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)—Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2025-01”), which clarifies the effective date of ASU 2024-03 for companies with a non-calendar year end. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2024-03 or ASU 2025-01 to affect our financial position or our results of operations, but ASU 2024-03 will result in additional disclosures for our annual reporting period ending February 29, 2028, and interim reporting periods beginning in fiscal 2029.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"), which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We expect to adopt ASU 2023-09 for the annual period ending February 28, 2026 and the adoption will not affect our financial position or our results of operations, but will result in additional disclosures.
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AZZ INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. Inventories
The following table summarizes the components of inventory (in thousands):

| As of
| May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Raw material | $ | 107,630 |  |  | $ | 110,005 |
Work in process | 605 |  |  | 518 |
Finished goods | 2,524 |  |  | 1,790 |
Total inventories | $ | 110,759 |  |  | $ | 112,313 |

Our inventory reserves were $3.1 million and $3.9 million as of May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025, respectively. Inventory cost is determined principally using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method for the AZZ Metal Coatings segment and the specific identification method for the Precoat Metals segment.
3. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by giving effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised and converted into common shares during the period.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 170,908 |  |  | $ | 39,602 |  |  |  |  |
Series A Preferred Stock Dividends |  | — |  |  | (1,200) |  |  |  |  |
Redemption premium on Series A Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | (75,198) |  |  |  |  |
Numerator for diluted earnings per share—net income (loss) available to common shareholders |  | $ | 170,908 |  |  | $ | (36,796) |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share |  | 29,941 |  |  | 26,751 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee and director stock awards |  | 276 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  | 30,217 |  |  | 26,751 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 5.71 |  |  | $ | (1.38) |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 5.66 |  |  | $ | (1.38) |  |  |  |  |

For the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, 50,927 and 310,787 shares, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. These shares could be dilutive in future periods. For the three months ended May 31, 2024, all shares related to the Series A Preferred Stock (3.1 million weighted average shares) were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4. Disaggregated Sales
The following table presents disaggregated sales by customer industry (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  | $ | 233,909 |  |  | $ | 228,512 |  |  |  |  |
Industrial |  | 37,670 |  |  | 40,076 |  |  |  |  |
Transportation |  | 30,092 |  |  | 38,362 |  |  |  |  |
Consumer |  | 35,989 |  |  | 35,385 |  |  |  |  |
Utilities |  | 37,855 |  |  | 28,615 |  |  |  |  |
Other(1) |  | 46,447 |  |  | 42,258 |  |  |  |  |
Total Sales |  | $ | 421,962 |  |  | $ | 413,208 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Other includes less significant markets, such as non-construction agriculture, recreation, petro-chem, AZZ Tubular products and sales from recycling and other miscellaneous customer industries.

See also Note 6 for sales information by operating segment.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in accounts receivable, contract assets (unbilled receivables), and contract liabilities (customer advances and deposits) on the consolidated balance sheets. Our contract assets and contract liabilities are primarily related to the AZZ Precoat Metals segment. Customer billing can occur subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. In addition, we can receive advances from our customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are reported on the consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
The increases or decreases in contract assets and contract liabilities during the three months ended May 31, 2025 were primarily due to normal timing differences between AZZ's performance and customer payments. As of May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025, the balance for contract assets was $109.1 million and $106.5 million, respectively, primarily related to the AZZ Precoat Metals segment. The increase was primarily due to the timing differences noted above. Contract liabilities of $1.0 million and $0.5 million as of May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025, respectively, are included in "Other accrued liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets. We recognized $0.4 million of revenue for amounts that were included in contract liabilities as of February 28, 2025.
5. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
To arrive at net cash provided by operating activities, net income is adjusted by, among other things, changes in current assets and current liabilities as follows (in thousands):
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AZZ INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| Three Months Ended May 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Decrease (increase) in current assets: |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net | (18,480) |  |  | (2,519) |
Other receivables | (1,908) |  |  | (1,823) |
Inventories | 1,757 |  |  | 3,620 |
Contract assets | (2,572) |  |  | (13,928) |
Prepaid expenses and other | (9,640) |  |  | (8,940) |
Increase (decrease) in current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | 3,893 |  |  | 25,941 |
Income taxes payable | 54,006 |  |  | 3,242 |
Accrued expenses | (9,288) |  |  | 2,017 |
Changes in current assets and current liabilities | $ | 17,768 |  |  | $ | 7,610 |

Cash flows related to interest and income taxes were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Cash paid for interest | $ | 15,654 |  |  | $ | 21,059 |
Cash paid for income taxes | 551 |  |  | 934 |

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Accruals for capital expenditures | 4,429 |  |  | 8,517 |

6. Operating Segments
Segment Information
Our Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), reviews financial information presented on an operating segment basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. Sales and operating income are the primary measures used by the CODM to evaluate segment operating performance and to allocate resources to the AZZ Metal Coatings and the AZZ Precoat Metals segments. The CODM uses net income as the primary measure to evaluate performance and allocate resources to the AZZ Infrastructure Solutions segment. The CODM assesses these metrics and compares actuals to budgeted and forecasted values to evaluate segment operating performance and allocate resources to the operating segments. Expenses related to certain centralized administration or executive functions that are not specifically related to an operating segment are included in Corporate.
A summary of each of our operating segments is as follows:
AZZ Metal Coatings — provides hot-dip galvanizing, spin galvanizing, powder coating, anodizing and plating, and other metal coating applications to the steel fabrication industry and other industries through facilities located throughout North America. Hot-dip galvanizing is a metallurgical manufacturing process in which molten zinc reacts with steel, which provides corrosion protection and extends the lifecycle of fabricated steel for several decades.
AZZ Precoat Metals — provides coil coating application of protective and decorative coatings and related value-added downstream processing for steel and aluminum coils. Primarily serving the construction, appliance, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), container, transportation, and other end markets, the coil coating process emphasizes sustainability and enhanced product lifecycles. It involves cleaning, treating, painting, and curing metal coils as a flat material before they are cut,
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
formed, and fabricated into finished products. This highly efficient method optimizes waste through tight film control and improves final product performance by painting and curing the substrates under conditions unmatched by other application processes.
AZZ Infrastructure Solutions — consists of the equity in earnings of our 40% investment in the AVAIL JV, as well as other expenses directly related to AIS receivables and liabilities that were retained following the divestiture of the AIS business. The AVAIL JV is a global provider of application-critical equipment, highly engineered technologies, and specialized services to the power generation, transmission, distribution, oil and gas, and industrial markets.
The following tables contain operating segment data for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024 by segment, for the Company's corporate operations and on a consolidated basis (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2025
| Metal Coatings |  | Precoat Metals |  | Infrastructure Solutions(1) |  | Corporate(2) |  | Total
Sales | $ | 187,215 |  |  | $ | 234,747 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 421,962 |
Cost of sales(3) | 130,356 |  |  | 187,476 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 317,832 |
Gross margin | 56,859 |  |  | 47,271 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104,130 |
Selling, general and administrative(4) | 6,127 |  |  | 7,917 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 20,457 |  |  | 34,581 |
Operating income (loss) | 50,732 |  |  | 39,354 |  |  | (80) |  |  | (20,457) |  |  | 69,549 |
Interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,563) |  |  | (18,563) |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries(5) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 173,523 |  |  | — |  |  | 173,523 |
Other income (expense) | (61) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,388 |  |  | 1,327 |
Income (loss) before income tax | $ | 50,671 |  |  | $ | 39,354 |  |  | $ | 173,443 |  |  | (37,632) |  |  | 225,836 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54,928 |  |  | 54,928 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (92,560) |  |  | $ | 170,908 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 6,660 |  |  | $ | 9,123 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,044 |  |  | $ | 21,827 |
See notes below tables. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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AZZ INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2024
| Metal Coatings |  | Precoat Metals |  | Infrastructure Solutions(1) |  | Corporate(2) |  | Total
Sales | $ | 176,651 |  |  | $ | 236,557 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 413,208 |
Cost of sales | 122,735 |  |  | 187,803 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310,538 |
Gross margin | 53,916 |  |  | 48,754 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,670 |
Selling, general and administrative | 5,984 |  |  | 8,660 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 18,248 |  |  | 32,921 |
Operating income (loss) | 47,932 |  |  | 40,094 |  |  | (29) |  |  | (18,248) |  |  | 69,749 |
Interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22,774) |  |  | (22,774) |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,824 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,824 |
Other income | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |  |  | 204 |
Income (loss) before income tax | $ | 47,988 |  |  | $ | 40,094 |  |  | $ | 3,795 |  |  | (40,874) |  |  | 51,003 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,401 |  |  | 11,401 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (52,275) |  |  | $ | 39,602 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 6,657 |  |  | $ | 7,593 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,073 |  |  | $ | 20,323 |

(1) | Infrastructure Solutions segment includes the equity in earnings from our investment in the AVAIL JV, as well as other expenses related to receivables and liabilities that were retained following the sale of the AIS business. See Note 18 for further discussion of the receivables and liabilities.
(2) | Interest expense and Income tax expense are included in the Corporate segment as these items are not allocated to the segments.
(3) | Metal Coatings segment includes restructuring charges of $3.8 million. See Note 17.
(4) | Includes stock-based compensation expense of $2.2 million, of which $0.4 million and $1.8 million are included in Metal Coatings and Corporate, respectively. See Note 15.
(5) | During the three months ended May 31, 2025, AVAIL completed the sale of the Electrical Products Group business to nVent Electric plc. Following the completion of the sale, we received a distribution of $273.2 million during the three months ended May 31, 2025, which is in excess of the investment in the AVAIL JV, which was $107.4 million as of May 31, 2025. The excess distribution of $165.8 million was recorded as equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities during the three months ended May 31, 2025. See Note 7.

Asset balances by operating segment for each period were as follows (in thousands):

| As of
Assets: | May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Metal Coatings | $ | 569,103 |  |  | $ | 555,095 |
Precoat Metals | 1,567,108 |  |  | 1,548,377 |
Infrastructure Solutions - Investment in Joint Venture(1) | — |  |  | 99,379 |
Corporate | 22,974 |  |  | 24,250 |
Total assets | $ | 2,159,185 |  |  | $ | 2,227,101 |

(1) See Note 7 for information regarding the Investment in AVAIL joint venture.
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AZZ INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Financial Information About Geographical Areas
Financial information about geographical areas for the periods presented was as follows (in thousands). The geographic area is based on the location of the operating facility and no customer accounted for 10% or more of consolidated sales.

| Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
Sales: | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 410,995 |  |  | $ | 403,051 |  |  |  |  |
Canada | 10,967 |  |  | 10,157 |  |  |  |  |
Total sales | $ | 421,962 |  |  | $ | 413,208 |  |  |  |  |

| As of
| May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Property, plant and equipment, net: |  |  |
United States | $ | 578,505 |  |  | $ | 574,332 |
Canada | 19,387 |  |  | 18,609 |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 597,892 |  |  | $ | 592,941 |

7. Investments in Unconsolidated Entity
AVAIL JV
We account for our 40% interest in the AVAIL JV under the equity method of accounting and include our equity in earnings as part of the AZZ Infrastructure Solutions segment. We record our equity in earnings in the AVAIL JV on a one-month lag. In May 2025, Avail Infrastructure Solutions (“AVAIL”), in which we have an unconsolidated investment through the AVAIL JV, completed the sale of its electrical enclosures, switchgear, and bus systems businesses (the “Electrical Products Group”) to nVent Electric plc, for a purchase price of $975.0 million. Due to the one-month lag, we have not recognized equity in earnings from our proportionate share of the gain related to this sale. We expect to recognize our proportionate share of the gain through equity in earnings related to this event in the second quarter of fiscal 2026.
During the three months ended May 31, 2025, we received a distribution of cash from the AVAIL JV of $273.2 million, which exceeded our investment in the AVAIL JV of $107.4 million. Since we are not liable for the obligations of the AVAIL JV nor otherwise committed to provide financial support after writing off our investment in the AVAIL JV, we recognized $165.8 million as a gain for the three months ended May 31, 2025. We recorded $173.5 million in equity in earnings, which consists of 1) $7.7 million of equity in earnings from the AVAIL JV's operations for the three months ended May 31, 2025, and 2) $165.8 million of a gain from distribution received in excess of our investment in the AVAIL JV.
Due to the timing of the receipt of cash and the recognition of equity in earnings, we have suspended the recognition of equity in earnings of the AVAIL JV as of May 31, 2025. We will resume the recognition of equity method earnings once the future earnings from the AVAIL JV exceed the equity in earnings recorded from the distribution of $165.8 million, which we anticipate will occur during the second quarter of fiscal 2026.
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AZZ INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following tables summarize balance sheet and income statement information for the AVAIL JV:

Summarized Balance Sheet |  |  |
| As of
| May 31, 2025(1) |  | February 28, 2025(1)
Current assets | $ | 356,009 |  |  | $ | 300,404 |
Long-term assets | 194,239 |  |  | 194,528 |
Total assets | 550,248 |  |  | 494,932 |
Current liabilities | 192,630 |  |  | 155,585 |
Long-term liabilities | 132,158 |  |  | 134,517 |
Total liabilities | 324,788 |  |  | 290,102 |
Total partners' capital | 225,460 |  |  | 204,830 |
Total liabilities and partners' capital | 550,248 |  |  | 494,932 |

Summarized Operating Data |  |  |
| Three Months Ended May 31,
| 2025(1) |  | 2024(1)
Sales | $ | 168,240 |  |  | $ | 129,107 |
Gross profit | 45,125 |  |  | 31,526 |
Income before income taxes | 17,474 |  |  | 7,922 |
Net income | 17,624 |  |  | 8,160 |

(1) | We report our equity in earnings on a one-month lag basis; therefore, amounts in the summarized financials above are as of and for the three months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024 and as of January 31, 2025. Amounts in the table above exclude certain adjustments made by us to record equity in earnings of the AVAIL JV under U.S GAAP for public companies, primarily to reverse the amortization of goodwill.

8. Derivative Instruments
Interest Rate Swap Derivative
As a policy, we do not hold, issue or trade derivative instruments for speculative purposes. We periodically enter into forward sale contracts to purchase a specified volume of zinc and natural gas at fixed prices. These contracts are not accounted for as derivatives because they meet the criteria for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception in ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.
We manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on our floating-rate debt by entering into interest rate swap agreements to convert a portion of our variable-rate debt to a fixed rate. On September 27, 2022, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement, which was subsequently amended on October 7, 2022 (the "2022 Swap"), with banks that are parties to the 2022 Credit Agreement, to change the SOFR-based component of the interest rate. The 2022 Swap converts the SOFR portion to 4.277%. As of May 31, 2025, the 2022 swap resulted in a total fixed rate of 6.777%. The 2022 Swap had an initial notional amount of $550.0 million and a maturity date of September 30, 2025. The notional amount of the interest rate swap decreases by a pro-rata portion of any quarterly principal payments made on the Term Loan B, and the notional amount is $536.3 million as of May 31, 2025. The objective of the 2022 Swap is to eliminate the variability of cash flows in interest payments attributable to changes in benchmark one-month SOFR interest rates. The hedged risk is the interest rate risk exposure to changes in interest payments, attributable to changes in benchmark one-month SOFR interest rates over the interest rate swap term. The changes in cash flows of the interest rate swap are expected to exactly offset changes in cash flows of the variable-rate debt. We designated the 2022 Swap as a cash flow hedge at inception. Cash settlements, in the form of cash payments or cash receipts, of the 2022 Swap are recognized in interest expense.
At May 31, 2025, changes in fair value attributable to the effective portion of the 2022 Swap were included on the consolidated balance sheets in "Accumulated other comprehensive income." For derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the fair value is recognized on our consolidated balance sheets as derivative assets or liabilities with
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offsetting changes in fair value, to the extent effective, recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income until reclassified into earnings when the interest expense on the underlying debt is reflected in earnings. The portion of a cash flow hedge that does not offset the change in the fair value of the transaction being hedged, which is commonly referred to as the ineffective portion, is immediately recognized in earnings. During the three months ended May 31, 2025, we reclassified $0.1 million before income tax, or $0.05 million net of tax, from other comprehensive income to earnings.
See Note 19 for information about our new interest rate swap that was effective June 30, 2025.
9. Debt
Our long-term debt instruments and balances outstanding for each of the periods presented (in thousands):

| As of
| May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 80,000 |  |  | $ | 30,000 |
Term Loan B | 534,875 |  |  | 870,250 |
Total debt, gross | 614,875 |  |  | 900,250 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (45,068) |  |  | (47,885) |
Long-term debt, net | $ | 569,807 |  |  | $ | 852,365 |

2022 Credit Agreement and Term Loan B
We have a credit agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders that was entered into on May 13, 2022 and was subsequently amended on August 17, 2023, December 20, 2023, March 20, 2024, September 24, 2024 and February 27, 2025 (collectively referred to herein as the "2022 Credit Agreement").
The 2022 Credit Agreement includes the following significant terms:
i.provides for a senior secured initial term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $1.3 billion (the "Term Loan B"), due May 13, 2029, which is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company; as of May 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan B was $534.9 million;
ii.provides for a maximum senior secured Revolving Credit Facility in the aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), due May 13, 2027;
iii.includes a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $100.0 million, which is part of, and not in addition to, the Revolving Credit Facility;
iv.borrowings under the Term Loan B bear an interest rate of Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 2.50% and the Revolving Credit Facility bears a leverage-based rate with various tiers between 1.75% and 2.75%; as of May 31, 2025, the interest rate was SOFR plus 2.00%;
v.includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default; including restrictions on the incurrence of non-ordinary course debt, investment and dividends, subject to various exceptions; and,
vi.includes a maximum quarterly leverage ratio financial covenant, with reporting requirements to our banking group at each quarter-end.
We primarily utilize proceeds from the Revolving Credit Facility to finance working capital needs, capital improvements, quarterly cash dividends, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes.
As defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement, quarterly prepayments were due against the outstanding principal of the Term Loan B and were payable on the last business day of each May, August, November and February, beginning August 31, 2022, in a quarterly aggregate principal amount of $3.25 million, with the entire remaining principal amount due on May 13, 2029, the maturity date. Additional prepayments made against the Term Loan B contribute to these required quarterly payments. Due to prepayments made against the Term Loan B since August 31, 2022, the quarterly mandatory principal payment requirement has been met, and the quarterly payments of $3.25 million are no longer required.
The weighted average interest rate for our outstanding debt, including the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan B, was 6.78% and 8.09% for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We are also obligated to pay a leverage-based commitment fee with various tiers between 0.2% and 0.3% per year for unused amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of May 31, 2025, the commitment fee rate was 0.225%.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Debt Compliance, Outstanding Borrowings and Letters of Credit
Our 2022 Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the loan agreement) no greater than 4.5. As of May 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants and other requirements set forth in the 2022 Credit Agreement.
As of May 31, 2025, we had $614.9 million of debt outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan B, with varying maturities through fiscal 2030. We had approximately $306.3 million of additional credit available as of May 31, 2025.
As of May 31, 2025, we had total outstanding letters of credit in the amount of $13.7 million. These letters of credit are issued for a number of reasons but are most commonly issued in lieu of customer retention withholding payments covering warranty, performance periods and insurance collateral.
Other Disclosures
Interest expense is comprised as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Gross Interest expense | $ | 19,243 |  |  | $ | 24,207 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Capitalized interest | (680) |  |  | (1,433) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | 18,563 |  |  | $ | 22,774 |  |  |  |  |

Capitalized interest for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024 relates to interest cost on the construction of the greenfield aluminum coil coating facility in Washington, Missouri. The decrease for the three months ended May 31, 2025 compared to the prior years is due to the higher average construction work in process in the prior year, as the new facility was placed in service during the three months ended May 31, 2025.
10. Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820"), certain of our assets and liabilities, which are carried at fair value, are classified in one of the following three categories:
•Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2: Observable market-based inputs, other than Level 1, or unobservable inputs corroborated by market data; or,
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data and reflect the Company’s own assumptions.
The carrying amount of our financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities) approximates the fair value of these instruments based upon either their short-term nature or their variable market rate of interest. We have not made an option to elect fair value accounting for any of our financial instruments.
Interest Rate Swap Agreement
Our derivative instrument consists of the 2022 Swap, which is considered a Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and included in "Other assets" as of May 31, 2025 and in "Other accrued liabilities" as of February 28, 2025 in the consolidated balance sheets. The valuation of the 2022 Swap is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of the derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including swap rates, spread and/or index levels and interest rate curves. See Note 8 for more information about the 2022 Swap.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
| May 31, 2025 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Swap Agreement(1) | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total Assets | $ | 37 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Rate Swap Agreement(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | — |
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | The fair value of the Company's interest rate swap agreement was an asset at May 31, 2025 and a liability at February 28, 2025.

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements
Investment in Joint Venture
The fair value of our investment in the unconsolidated AVAIL JV was determined using the income approach at the date on which we entered into the joint venture. The income approach uses discounted cash flow models that require various observable and non-observable inputs, such as operating margins, revenues, product costs, operating expenses, capital expenditures, terminal-year values and risk-adjusted discount rates. These valuations resulted in Level 3 non-recurring fair value measurements.
We assess our investment in the unconsolidated AVAIL JV for recoverability when events and circumstances are present that suggest there has been a decline in value, and if it is determined that a loss in value of the investment is other than temporary, the investment is written down to its fair value.
Long-Term Debt
The fair values of our long-term debt instruments are estimated based on market values for debt issued with similar characteristics or rates currently available for debt with similar terms. These valuations are Level 2 non-recurring fair value measurements.
The principal amount of our outstanding debt was $614.9 million and $900.3 million at May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025, respectively. The estimated fair value of our outstanding debt was $616.4 million and $904.8 million at May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs. The estimated fair values of our outstanding debt were determined based on the present value of future cash flows using model-derived valuations that use observable inputs such as interest rates and credit spreads.
11. Leases
We are a lessee under various leases for facilities and equipment. As of May 31, 2025, we were the lessee for 125 operating leases and 103 finance leases with terms of 12 months or more. These leases are reflected in "Right-of-use assets," "Lease liability - short-term" and "Lease liability - long-term" in our consolidated balance sheets.
Our leases are primarily for (i) operating facilities, (ii) vehicles and equipment used in operations, (iii) facilities used for back-office functions, (iv) equipment used for back-office functions, and (v) temporary storage. The majority of our vehicle and equipment leases have both a fixed and variable component.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have a significant number of short-term leases, including month-to-month agreements. Our short-term lease agreements include expenses incurred hourly, daily, monthly and
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for other durations of time of one year or less. Our future lease commitments as of May 31, 2025 do not reflect all of our short-term lease commitments.
The following table outlines the classification of right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of May 31, 2025 and February 28, 2025 (in thousands):

|  |  | As of
|  |  | May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Assets | Balance Sheet Classification |  |  |  |
Operating right-of-use assets | Right-of-use assets |  | $ | 17,596 |  |  | $ | 19,471 |
Finance right-of-use assets | Right-of-use assets |  | 9,948 |  |  | 6,480 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities ― short-term | Lease liability - short-term |  | 6,089 |  |  | 6,373 |
Operating lease liabilities ― long-term | Lease liability - long-term |  | 12,122 |  |  | 13,741 |
Finance lease liabilities ― short-term | Lease liability - short-term |  | 2,115 |  |  | 1,376 |
Finance lease liabilities ― long-term | Lease liability - long-term |  | 8,046 |  |  | 5,271 |

Supplemental information related to our leases was as follows (in thousands, except years and percentages):

| Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases included in lease liabilities | $ | 1,881 |  |  | $ | 1,779 |  |  |  |  |
Lease liabilities obtained from new ROU assets - operating | 16 |  |  | 217 |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in ROU assets related to lease terminations | (467) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases included in lease liabilities | 142 |  |  | 68 |  |  |  |  |
Financing cash flows from finance leases included in lease liabilities | 434 |  |  | 196 |  |  |  |  |
Lease liabilities obtained from new ROU assets - finance leases | 4,127 |  |  | 410 |  |  |  |  |

| As of
| May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases | 3.61 years |  | 3.79 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases | 5.07 | % |  | 5.06 | %
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases | 4.38 years |  | 4.57 years
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases | 6.90 | % |  | 6.86 | %

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table outlines the classification of lease expense related to operating and finance leases in the statements of operations (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Operating lease expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | $ | 1,829 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 508 |  |  | 480 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating lease expense | 2,337 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  |  |  |
Financing lease expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 487 |  |  | 223 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 142 |  |  | 68 |  |  |  |  |
Total financing lease expense | 629 |  |  | 291 |  |  |  |  |
Variable lease expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 249 |  |  | 113 |  |  |  |  |
Total variable lease expense | 249 |  |  | 113 |  |  |  |  |
Short-term lease expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 1,802 |  |  | 1,458 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 5 |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |
Total short-term lease expense | 1,807 |  |  | 1,467 |  |  |  |  |
Total lease expense | $ | 5,022 |  |  | $ | 3,783 |  |  |  |  |

As of May 31, 2025, maturities of our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal year: | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases |  | Total
2026 | $ | 5,206 |  |  | $ | 2,051 |  |  | $ | 7,257 |
2027 | 5,713 |  |  | 2,713 |  |  | 8,426 |
2028 | 3,766 |  |  | 2,618 |  |  | 6,384 |
2029 | 3,128 |  |  | 2,413 |  |  | 5,541 |
2030 | 1,207 |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | 2,948 |
2031 | 540 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 759 |
Thereafter | 363 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 366 |
Total lease payments | 19,923 |  |  | 11,758 |  |  | 31,681 |
Less imputed interest | (1,712) |  |  | (1,597) |  |  | (3,309) |
Total | $ | 18,211 |  |  | $ | 10,161 |  |  | $ | 28,372 |

We sublease multiple buildings in Columbia, South Carolina to multiple subtenants. The Columbia sublease agreements are by and between AZZ Precoat Metals and multiple subtenants. Sublease income is recognized over the term of the sublease on a straight-line basis and is reported in the consolidated statement of operations as a reduction to "Cost of sales." Sublease income for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Sublease income | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  |  |  |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes reflects an effective tax rate of 24.3% for the three months ended May 31, 2025, compared to 22.4% for the three months ended May 31, 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the AVAIL JV distribution's impact to earnings and tax expense, partially offset by higher discrete items driven by tax deductions for stock compensation.
13. Mezzanine Equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On May 9, 2024, we fully redeemed our 240,000 shares of 6.0% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock for $308.9 million. The payment was calculated as the face value of the Series A Preferred Stock of $240.0 million, multiplied by the Return Factor of 1.4, less dividends paid to date of $27.1 million. The redemption premium of $75.2 million, which was calculated as the difference between the redemption amount and the book value of $233.7 million, was recorded as a deemed dividend, and reduces net income available to common shareholders. The Series A Preferred Stock was redeemed using proceeds from the April 2024 Secondary Public Offering. See Note 14.
Dividends
The Series A Preferred Stock accumulated a 6.0% dividend per annum, or $15.00 per share per quarter. Dividends were payable in cash or in kind, by accreting and increasing the Series A Base Amount (“PIK Dividends”). Dividends were payable on the sum of (i) the aggregate liquidation preference amount of $240.0 million plus (ii) any PIK Dividends. Dividends were accrued daily and paid quarterly in arrears, on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year. Following the calendar quarter ending June 30, 2027, we were not able to elect PIK Dividends and dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock were required to be paid in cash. All dividends were paid in cash through May 9, 2024, at which time the Series A Preferred Stock was redeemed. The dividend would have increased annually by one percentage point, beginning with the dividend payable for the calendar quarter ending September 30, 2028. Dividends declared and paid for the three months ended May 31, 2024 were $3.6 million.
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14. Equity
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"), after tax, for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, 2025
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss) for Unconsolidated Subsidiary, Net of Tax |  | Net Actuarial Gain (Loss), Net of Tax |  | Interest Rate Swap, Net of Tax |  | Interest Rate Swap, Net of Tax for Unconsolidated Subsidiary |  | Total
Balance as of beginning of period |  | $ | (10,329) |  |  | $ | (388) |  |  | $ | (587) |  |  | $ | (265) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (11,580) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassification |  | 1,956 |  |  | 241 |  |  | — |  |  | 339 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2,539 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |
Net change in AOCI |  | 1,956 |  |  | 241 |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2,491 |
Balance as of end of period |  | $ | (8,373) |  |  | $ | (147) |  |  | $ | (587) |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (9,089) |

|  | Three Months Ended May 31, 2024
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss) for Unconsolidated Subsidiary, Net of Tax |  | Net Actuarial Gain (Loss), Net of Tax |  | Interest Rate Swap, Net of Tax |  | Interest Rate Swap, Net of Tax for Unconsolidated Subsidiary |  | Total
Balance as of beginning of period |  | $ | (7,628) |  |  | $ | 1,418 |  |  | $ | (184) |  |  | $ | 2,533 |  |  | $ | (33) |  |  | $ | (3,894) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassification |  | (425) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,219 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 1,935 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,100) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,100) |
Net change in AOCI |  | (425) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,119 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 835 |
Balance as of end of period |  | $ | (8,053) |  |  | $ | 1,418 |  |  | $ | (184) |  |  | $ | 3,652 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | (3,059) |

April 2024 Secondary Public Offering
On April 30, 2024, we completed a secondary public offering in which we sold 4.6 million shares of our common stock at $70.00 per share (the "April 2024 Secondary Public Offering"). We received gross proceeds of $322.0 million, and paid offering expenses of $13.3 million, for net proceeds of $308.7 million. The proceeds from the April 2024 Offering were used to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
15. Share-based Compensation
Effective April 18, 2025, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee") adopted the Executive Retiree LTI Program (the "ERP") to continue the vesting of annual equity awards to certain executive officers and other senior members of the management team as designated by the Compensation Committee, including the Company's named executive officers (a "Covered Executive" or collectively, the "Covered Executives"), upon qualified Retirement (as such term is defined in the Company's 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan). The ERP is applicable to both annual restricted share unit awards and annual performance share unit awards granted to the Covered Executives pursuant to newly adopted Restricted Share Unit ("RSU") Award Agreements and Performance Share Unit ("PSU") Award Agreements for the Covered Executives (collectively, the "Award Agreements") containing such provisions for the fiscal year 2026 long-term incentive equity awards. To be eligible for continued vesting of these annual equity awards upon a qualified Retirement, the ERP requires that Covered Executives:
i.be at least 65 years of age or 55 years of age and have at least 10 years of service with AZZ;
ii.not receive any severance payments or be subject to any severance or employment agreements containing other retirement provisions;
iii.provide sufficient advance notice of their intent to retire prior to the planned retirement date;
iv.ensure adequate succession or continuity planning is in place for such Covered Executive's position;
v.be compliant with AZZ’s executive stock ownership requirements on their respective retirement date; and
vi.execute and deliver a waiver and release agreement. Additionally, a period of one year must have elapsed between the grant date of the applicable awards and the Covered Executive's retirement date. The ERP also provides that fiscal year 2023, fiscal year 2024 and fiscal year 2025 RSU and PSU award agreements will be amended for the Covered Executives to allow vesting subsequent to a qualified Retirement at the Compensation Committee's discretion.
Upon adoption of the ERP, the service requirement for executives that are currently eligible for retirement has been met. As a result, we recognized additional stock-based compensation for the three months ended May 31, 2025 of $2.2 million upon the adoption of the ERP related to the RSUs for Covered Executives that have achieved qualified retirement status.
16. Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Pension and Employee Benefit Obligations
In our Precoat Metals segment, certain current or past employees participate in a defined benefit pension plan (the "Plan"). Prior to the Precoat Acquisition, benefit accruals were frozen for all participants. After the freeze, participants no longer accrued benefits under the Plan, and new hires of AZZ Precoat Metals are not eligible to participate in the Plan. As of May 31, 2025, the Plan was underfunded, and we have a net pension obligation of $23.3 million, which is included in "Other long-term liabilities" in the consolidated balance sheets and represents the underfunded portion of the Plan.
The components of net benefit cost other than the employer service cost are included in "Selling, general and administrative" expense. We paid employer contributions of $1.3 million into the Plan during the three months ended May 31, 2025. We expect to pay $4.7 million of contributions into the Plan during the remainder of fiscal year 2026. We did not recognize any net benefit cost for the three months ended May 31, 2025.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
17. Restructuring Charges
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2026, management initiated a restructuring plan for certain surface technologies facilities within the Metal Coatings segment (the “AST Restructuring”) to improve overall operational efficiency and financial performance. We expect to recognize total restructuring expenses of $4.2 million. During the three months ended May 31, 2025, we recognized restructuring charges of $3.8 million, which are included in "Cost of sales" in the consolidated statement of operations and includes the loss on sale of equipment, for which we received $0.7 million in proceeds. The restructuring charges consisted primarily of $3.3 million for the write-off of intangible assets and goodwill, as well as $0.5 million for the write-off of other assets, loss on the sale of equipment and severance accruals. The remaining $0.4 million of restructuring expenses are expected to be recognized in the second quarter of fiscal year 2026. The AST Restructuring was substantially complete as of May 31, 2025.
As a result of the AST Restructuring, we closed two surface technology facilities that were located in Garland, Texas and Tampa, Florida. Management performed an analysis of the assets at each location expected to be closed. For assets that were not sold or transferred to another location for use in operations, management wrote down the assets to reflect a decrease in the estimated useful life and lower value to the Company.
18. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal
AZZ and its subsidiaries are named defendants and plaintiffs in various routine lawsuits incidental to our business. These proceedings include labor and employment claims, various commercial disputes, worker’s compensation and environmental matters, all arising in the normal course of business. As discovery progresses on all outstanding legal matters, we continuously evaluate opportunities to either mediate the cases or settle the disputes for nuisance value or the cost of litigation as a way to resolve the disputes prior to trial. As the pending cases progress through additional discovery and potential mediation, our assessment of the likelihood of a favorable or an unfavorable outcome on the pending lawsuits may change. Although the actual outcome of these lawsuits or other proceedings cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the amount of any potential liability that could arise with respect to such lawsuits or other matters cannot be predicted at this time, management, after consultation with legal counsel believes it has strong claims or defenses to all of its legal matters and does not expect liabilities, if any, from these claims or proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In 2017, Southeast Texas Industries, Inc. (“STI”) filed a breach of contract lawsuit against the Company in the 1st District Court of Jasper County, Texas (the “Court”). In 2020, we filed a counter suit against STI for amounts due to AZZ for work performed. On October 16, 2023, the case went to trial, and on October 27, 2023, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of STI and against AZZ Beaumont in the amount of $5.5 million in damages for breach of contract and breach of express warranty. A final judgment amount was entered by the Court on February 14, 2024, and we purchased a supersedeas bond to cover the final judgment amount throughout the duration of the appellate process on May 23, 2024. We are still waiting on the trial transcript from the court reporter and the appellate process is tolled until the transcript is delivered to the parties. We believe we have strong grounds for an appeal, and will pursue all available appellate options. The appeal process is expected to take up to two years. As of May 31, 2025, we have recorded a legal accrual of $5.5 million, which is included in "Other accrued liabilities" on our consolidated balance sheets, reflecting our best estimate of the probable loss. Our estimate of the probable loss may change throughout the appellate process.
In 2019, Tampa Electric Company ("TECO") entered into a contract to provide services in Florida. TECO terminated our affiliate from the project, alleging failure to comply with safety guidelines. We believe the affiliate was terminated for convenience on the project, and our affiliate was not given its contractual right of notice and 47 hours to deliver a corrective action plan. In 2020, we filed a lawsuit against TECO for breach of contract and unjust enrichment in the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit Court in and for Hillsborough County, Florida. In connection with AZZ selling the majority interest in the AIS business to Fernweh Group on September 30, 2022, we agreed to retain this lawsuit. The parties unsuccessfully mediated the case in June 2023. The case went to trial on January 13, 2025. On February 10, 2025, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of TECO against our affiliate in the amount of $5.2 million, which represented the receivable due from the TECO, net of allowance. We recognized expense of $6.5 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, consisting of $5.2 million for the derecognition of the net receivable from TECO and $1.3 million for estimated legal fees, of which $1.2 million are included in "Other accrued liabilities" as of May 31, 2025.
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AZZ INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Environmental
As of May 31, 2025, the reserve balance for our environmental liabilities was $18.7 million, of which $2.2 million is classified as current. Environmental remediation liabilities include costs directly associated with site investigation and site remediation, such as materials, external contractor costs, legal and consulting expenses and incremental internal costs directly related to ongoing remediation plans. Estimates used to record environmental remediation liabilities are based on the Company's best estimate of probable future costs based on site-specific facts and circumstances known at the time of these estimates and they are updated on a quarterly basis. Estimates of the cost for the potential or ongoing remediation plans are developed using internal resources and third-party environmental engineers and consultants.
We accrue the anticipated cost of environmental remediation when the obligation is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum of the range is accrued. While any revisions to our environmental remediation liabilities could potentially be material to the operating results of any fiscal quarter or fiscal year, we do not expect such additional remediation expenses to have an adverse material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Capital Commitments—Greenfield Aluminum Coil Coating Facility
We are expanding our coatings capabilities through the construction of a new 25-acre aluminum coil coating facility in Washington, Missouri, which was became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2026. The new greenfield facility is included in the AZZ Precoat Metals segment and is supported by a take-or-pay contract for approximately 75% of the output from the new plant. We expect to spend approximately $121.8 million in capital payments over the life of the project, of which $113.6 million was paid prior to fiscal 2026 and $3.2 million was paid during the three months ended May 31, 2025. The remaining balance of $5.0 million, for which we have capital commitments, is expected to be paid by the second quarter of fiscal 2026.
19. Subsequent Events
Interest Rate Swap
Effective June 30, 2025, we entered into a new interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $290.0 million. The new interest rate swap converts the SOFR portion of our Term Loan B to 3.759%, resulting in a total fixed rate of 6.259%. Upon execution of the new interest rate swap, the prior swap agreement was simultaneously terminated.
Metal Coatings Acquisition
On July 1, 2025, we acquired all the assets of a hot-dip galvanizing facility based in Canton, Ohio for net proceeds of $30.1 million. The acquisition will be included in our Metal Coatings segment.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward Looking Statements
Certain statements herein about our expectations of future events or results constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "could," "should," "expects," "plans," "will," "might," "would," "projects," "currently," "intends," "outlook," "forecasts," "targets," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue," or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements are based on currently available competitive, financial, and economic data and management’s views and assumptions regarding future events. Such forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain, and investors must recognize that actual results may differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and are subject to risks that could cause them to differ materially from actual results. Certain factors could affect the outcome of the matters described herein. This Quarterly Report may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, changes in customer demand for our manufactured solutions, including demand by the construction markets, the industrial markets, and the metal coatings markets. We could also experience additional increases in labor costs, components and raw materials including zinc and natural gas, which are used in our hot-dip galvanizing process, paint used in our c oil coating process; supply-chain vendor delays; customer requested delays of our manufactured solutions; del ays in additional acquisition opportunities; an increase in our debt leverage and/or interest rates on our debt, of which a significant portion is tied to variable interest rates; availability of experienced management and employees to implement AZZ’s growth strategy; a downturn in market conditions in any industry relating to the manufactured solutions that we provide; economic volatility, including a prolonged economic downturn or macroeconomic conditions such as inflation or changes in the political stability in the United States and other foreign markets in which we operate; tariffs, acts of war or terrorism inside the United States or abroad; and other changes in economic and financial conditions. AZZ has provided additional information regarding risks associated with the business, including in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, in AZZ's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2025 and other filings with the SEC, available for viewing on AZZ's website at www.azz.com and on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
You are urged to consider these factors carefully when evaluating the forward-looking statements herein and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. These statements are based on information as of the date hereof and AZZ assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with "Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2025, and with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Business Operations Update
Our results for the three months ended May 31, 2025 (the "current quarter") were favorably impacted primarily by the recognition of equity in earnings for the excess distribution from the AVAIL JV, and by the growth in demand for our manufactured solutions in the construction and utilities industries.
The equity in earnings recognized following the AVAIL JV distribution was the primary contributor to net income of $170.9 million for the three months ended May 31, 2025. Our operating results for three months ended May 31, 2025, including operating results by segment, are described in the summary on the following page, and detailed descriptions can be found below under "Results of Operations."
Our operations generated $314.8 million of cash for the current three-month period. The components of our liquidity and descriptions of our cash flows, capital investments, and other matters impacting our liquidity and capital resources can be found below under "Liquidity and Capital Resources."
Outlook
While it is difficult to predict future North American economic activity and its impact on the demand for our galvanizing and coil coating solutions, as well the impact that political or regulatory developments may have on us, we have noted several factors below that have impacted or may impact our results of operations during the second quarter of fiscal 2026.
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•Sales prices in our AZZ Metal Coatings segment are expected to remain consistent with current levels. Fluctuations in product mix, along with competitive market pressures, may impact selling price.
•Sales prices in our AZZ Precoat Metals segment are expected to increase on average from past levels, resulting from passing through higher pricing on specified materials along with increased overall selling prices, although fluctuations in mix may impact the average selling price.
•Demand in our AZZ Metal Coatings and AZZ Precoat Metals segments is expected to follow our typical seasonal patterns.
•Customer inventories for our AZZ Metal Coatings segment remain consistent, which should support the continued demand for our metal coatings solutions.
•Customer inventories for our AZZ Precoat Metals segment remain at normal seasonal levels, which should support the continued demand for our coil coating solutions.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview
We are a provider of hot-dip galvanizing and coil coating solutions to a broad range of end-markets, predominantly in North America. We operate three distinct business segments, the AZZ Metal Coatings segment, the AZZ Precoat Metals segment, and the AZZ Infrastructure Solutions segment. Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is divided by each of our segments, along with corporate costs and other costs not specifically identifiable to a segment. For a reconciliation of segment operating income to consolidated operating income, see "Item I. Financial Statements—Note 6". Management believes that the most meaningful analysis of our results of operations is to analyze our performance by segment. We use sales and operating income by segment to evaluate the performance of our segments. Segment operating income consists of sales less cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses that are specifically identifiable to a segment.
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QUARTER ENDED MAY 31, 2025 COMPARED TO THE QUARTER ENDED MAY 31, 2024

Segment Sales and Operating Income
The following tables contain operating segment data by segment, for the Company's corporate operations and on a consolidated basis (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2025
| Metal Coatings |  | Precoat Metals |  | Infrastructure Solutions(1) |  | Corporate(2) |  | Total
Sales | $ | 187,215 |  |  | $ | 234,747 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 421,962 |
Cost of sales(3) | 130,356 |  |  | 187,476 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 317,832 |
Gross margin | 56,859 |  |  | 47,271 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104,130 |
Selling, general and administrative(4) | 6,127 |  |  | 7,917 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 20,457 |  |  | 34,581 |
Operating income (loss) | $ | 50,732 |  |  | $ | 39,354 |  |  | (80) |  |  | (20,457) |  |  | 69,549 |
Interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,563) |  |  | (18,563) |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries(5) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 173,523 |  |  | — |  |  | 173,523 |
Other income (expense) | (61) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,388 |  |  | 1,327 |
Income (loss) before income tax | $ | 50,671 |  |  | $ | 39,354 |  |  | $ | 173,443 |  |  | (37,632) |  |  | 225,836 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54,928 |  |  | 54,928 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (92,560) |  |  | $ | 170,908 |
See notes below tables. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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| Three Months Ended May 31, 2024
| Metal Coatings |  | Precoat Metals |  | Infrastructure Solutions(1) |  | Corporate(2) |  | Total
Sales | $ | 176,651 |  |  | $ | 236,557 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 413,208 |
Cost of sales | 122,735 |  |  | 187,803 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 310,538 |
Gross margin | 53,916 |  |  | 48,754 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,670 |
Selling, general and administrative | 5,984 |  |  | 8,660 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 18,248 |  |  | 32,921 |
Operating income (loss) | $ | 47,932 |  |  | $ | 40,094 |  |  | (29) |  |  | (18,248) |  |  | 69,749 |
Interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22,774) |  |  | (22,774) |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,824 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,824 |
Other income | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |  |  | 204 |
Income (loss) before income tax | $ | 47,988 |  |  | $ | 40,094 |  |  | $ | 3,795 |  |  | (40,874) |  |  | 51,003 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,401 |  |  | 11,401 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (52,275) |  |  | $ | 39,602 |

(1) | Infrastructure Solutions segment includes the equity in earnings from our investment in the AVAIL JV, as well as other expenses related to receivables and liabilities that were retained following the sale of the AIS business. See "Item I. Financial Statements—Note 18" for further discussion of the receivables and liabilities.
(2) | Interest expense and Income tax expense are included in the Corporate segment as these items are not allocated to the segments.
(3) | Metal Coatings segment includes restructuring charges of $3.8 million. See "Item I. Financial Statements—Note 17."
(4) | Includes stock-based compensation expense of $2.2 million, of which $0.4 million and $1.8 million are included in Metal Coatings and Corporate, respectively. See Note 15.
(5) | During the three months ended May 31, 2025, AVAIL completed the sale of the Electrical Products Group business to nVent Electric plc. Following the completion of the sale, we received a distribution of $273.2 million during the three months ended May 31, 2025, which is in excess of the investment in the AVAIL JV, which was $107.4 million as of May 31, 2025. The excess distribution of $165.8 million was recorded as equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities during the three months ended May 31, 2025.

Sales
For the current quarter, consolidated sales increased $8.8 million, or 2.1%, compared to the three months ended May 31, 2024 (the "prior year quarter").
Sales for the AZZ Metal Coatings segment increased $10.6 million, or 6.0%, for the current quarter, compared to the prior year quarter. The increase was primarily due to $11.7 million resulting from a higher volume of steel processed, and an increase in other sales of $0.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in selling price of $1.5 million, due to product mix.
Sales for the AZZ Precoat Metals segment decreased $1.8 million, or 0.8% for the current quarter, compared to the prior year quarter. The decrease is due to a lower volume of coil coated and a decrease in other sales of $0.4 million, partially offset by an increase in the average price due to product mix.
Operating Income
For the current quarter, consolidated operating income was $69.5 million, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 0.3%, compared to the prior year quarter.
Operating income for the AZZ Metal Coatings segment increased $2.8 million, or 5.8%, for the current quarter, compared to the prior year quarter. The increase was due to increased sales as described above, partially offset by an increase in cost of sales. The increase in cost of sales of $7.6 million was primarily due to a $4.8 million increase in overhead costs, a $1.5 million increase in labor costs, and a $2.1 million increase in zinc cost. The increase in overhead costs was primarily due to restructuring charges of $3.8 million for two surface technology facilities. Selling, general and administrative expense increased $0.4 million, driven by an increase in stock-based compensation and the recognition of bad debt expense in the current quarter, compared to prior year quarter.
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Operating income for the AZZ Precoat Metals segment decreased $0.7 million, or 1.8% for the current quarter, compared to the prior year quarter. The decrease is primarily due to decreased sales as described above, offset by a decrease in cost of sales of $0.3 million, primarily due to variable costs related to the decreased volume of coil coated, and a decrease in selling, general and administrative expense of $0.7 million.
Corporate Expenses
Corporate selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.2 million, or 12.1%, for the current quarter, compared to the prior year quarter. The increase was primarily due to the adoption of the Executive Retiree LTI Program and the acceleration of expense for the related stock awards of $1.8 million, and an increase in employee benefits expense.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the current quarter decreased $4.2 million, to $18.6 million, compared to $22.8 million for the prior year quarter. The decrease in interest expense is primarily attributable to a decrease in the weighted average debt outstanding of $96.6 million and a decrease in the weighted average interest rate of 2.29% in the current quarter, compared to the prior year quarter. The decrease in interest expense is partially offset by lower capitalized interest associated with the construction of the new plant in Washington, Missouri, for the current quarter, compared to the prior year quarter.
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Entities
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries for the current quarter increased $169.7 million, to $173.5 million, compared to $3.8 million in the prior year quarter. The increase is due to the recognition of a gain for a distribution in excess of our investment balance of $165.8 million from the AVAIL JV, following the sale of their Electrical Products Group in the current quarter. See "Item I. Financial Statements—Note 7" for more information about the AVAIL JV.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes reflects an effective tax rate of 24.3% for the current quarter, compared to 22.4% for the prior year quarter. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the AVAIL JV distribution's impact to earnings and tax expense, partially offset by higher discrete items driven by tax deductions for stock compensation.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We have historically met our cash needs through a combination of cash flows from operating activities along with bank and bond market debt. Our cash requirements generally include cash dividend payments, capital improvements, debt repayment and acquisitions. Based on our current financial condition and current operations, we believe that our cash position, cash flows from operating activities and our expectation of continuing availability to draw upon our credit facilities are sufficient to meet our cash flow needs for the foreseeable future.
As of May 31, 2025, our total liquidity of $309.4 million consisted of available capacity on our Revolving Credit Facility of $306.3 million and cash and cash equivalents of $3.0 million.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows by category for the periods presented (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended May 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 314,782 |  |  | $ | 71,944 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (17,122) |  |  | (27,379) |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (295,512) |  |  | (38,542) |

Net cash provided by operating activities for the current three-month period was $314.8 million, driven primarily by net income of $170.9 million, adjusted to exclude non-cash charges, net of non-cash income of $142.0 million, a cash distribution received on the investment in the AVAIL JV of $273.2 million, an increase in cash resulting from a reduction in working capital of $17.8 million, and a decrease in cash resulting from changes in other long-term assets and liabilities, including deferred taxes, of $5.1 million. The reduction in working capital is due primarily to increases in accounts payable, other accrued liabilities and income taxes payable, as well as a reduction in inventories; partially offset by increases in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and contract assets due to higher sales. Net cash provided by operating activities was used to fund $20.9 million of capital expenditures, make net payments on long-term debt and finance leases of $285.8 million, make dividend payments of $5.1 million and make payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards of $4.6 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities for the prior year three-month period was $71.9 million, driven primarily by net income of $39.6 million, adjusted to exclude non-cash charges, net of non-cash income of $22.5 million and an increase in cash resulting from an decrease in working capital of $7.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in cash resulting from other long-term assets and liabilities, including deferred taxes, of $1.7 million. Net cash provided by operating activities was used to fund $27.4 million of capital expenditures, make net payments on long-term debt and finance leases liabilities of $25.2 million, make dividend payments of $7.9 million and make payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards of $4.6 million.
Financing and Capital
2022 Credit Agreement and Term Loan B
We have a credit agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders that was entered into on May 13, 2022 and was subsequently amended on August 17, 2023, December 20, 2023, March 20, 2024, September 24, 2024 and February 27, 2025 (collectively referred to herein as the "2022 Credit Agreement").
The 2022 Credit Agreement includes the following significant terms:
i.provides for a senior secured initial term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $1.3 billion (the "Term Loan B"), due May 13, 2029, which is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company; as of May 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan B was $534.9 million;
ii.provides for a maximum senior secured Revolving Credit Facility in the aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), due May 13, 2027;
iii.includes a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $100.0 million, which is part of, and not in addition to, the Revolving Credit Facility;
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iv.borrowings under the Term Loan B bear an interest rate of Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 2.50% and the Revolving Credit Facility bears a leverage-based rate with various tiers between 1.75% and 2.75%; as of May 31, 2025, the interest rate was SOFR plus 2.00%;
v.includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default; including restrictions on the incurrence of non-ordinary course debt, investment and dividends, subject to various exceptions; and,
vi.includes a maximum quarterly leverage ratio financial covenant, with reporting requirements to our banking group at each quarter-end.
We primarily utilize proceeds from the Revolving Credit Facility to finance working capital needs, capital improvements, quarterly cash dividends, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes.
As defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement, quarterly prepayments were due against the outstanding principal of the Term Loan B and were payable on the last business day of each May, August, November and February, beginning August 31, 2022, in a quarterly aggregate principal amount of $3.25 million, with the entire remaining principal amount due on May 13, 2029, the maturity date. Additional prepayments made against the Term Loan B contribute to these required quarterly payments. Due to prepayments made against the Term Loan B since August 31, 2022, the quarterly mandatory principal payment requirement has been met, and the quarterly payments of $3.25 million are no longer required.
The weighted average interest rate for our outstanding debt, including the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan B, was 6.78% and 8.09% for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Debt Compliance and Outstanding Borrowings
Our 2022 Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the loan agreement) no greater than 4.5. As of May 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants and other requirements set forth in the 2022 Credit Agreement.
As of May 31, 2025, we had $614.9 million of debt outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan B, with varying maturities through fiscal 2030. We had approximately $306.3 million of additional credit available as of May 31, 2025.
Letters of Credit
As of May 31, 2025, we had total outstanding letters of credit in the amount of $13.7 million. These letters of credit are issued for a number of reasons but are most commonly issued in lieu of customer retention withholding payments covering warranty, performance periods and insurance collateral.
Interest Rate Swap
We manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on our floating-rate debt by entering into interest rate swap agreements to convert a portion of our variable-rate debt to a fixed rate. On September 27, 2022, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement, which was subsequently amended on October 7, 2022, with banks that are parties to the 2022 Credit Agreement, to change the SOFR-based component of the interest rate. The 2022 Swap converts the SOFR portion to 4.277%. As of May 31, 2025, the 2022 swap resulted in a total fixed rate of 6.777%. The 2022 Swap had an initial notional amount of $550.0 million and a maturity date of September 30, 2025. The notional amount of the interest rate swap decreases by a pro-rata portion of any quarterly principal payments made on the Term Loan B, and the notional amount is $536.3 million as of February 28, 2025. The objective of the 2022 Swap is to eliminate the variability of cash flows in interest payments attributable to changes in benchmark one-month SOFR interest rates. The hedged risk is the interest rate risk exposure to changes in interest payments, attributable to changes in benchmark one-month SOFR interest rates over the interest rate swap term. The changes in cash flows of the interest rate swap are expected to exactly offset changes in cash flows of the variable-rate debt. We designated the 2022 Swap as a cash flow hedge at inception. Cash settlements, in the form of cash payments or cash receipts, of the 2022 Swap are recognized in interest expense.
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Capital Commitments—Greenfield Aluminum Coil Coating Facility
We are expanding our coatings capabilities through the construction of a new 25-acre aluminum coil coating facility in Washington, Missouri, which was became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2026. The new greenfield facility is included in the AZZ Precoat Metals segment and is supported by a take-or-pay contract for approximately 75% of the output from the new plant. We expect to spend approximately $121.8 million in capital payments over the life of the project, of which $113.6 million was paid prior to fiscal 2026 and $3.2 million was paid during the three months ended May 31, 2025. The remaining balance of $5.0 million is on schedule to occur by the second quarter of fiscal 2026, for which we have capital commitments of $5.0 million. The remaining payments through fiscal 2026 are expected to be funded through cash flows from operations.
AVAIL JV
We account for our 40% interest in the AVAIL JV under the equity method of accounting and include our equity in earnings as part of the AZZ Infrastructure Solutions segment. We record our equity in earnings in the AVAIL JV on a one-month lag. In May 2025, Avail Infrastructure Solutions (“AVAIL”), in which we have an unconsolidated investment through the AVAIL JV, completed the sale of its electrical enclosures, switchgear, and bus systems businesses (the “Electrical Products Group”) to nVent Electric plc, for a purchase price of $975.0 million. Due to the one-month lag, we have not recognized equity in earnings from our proportionate share of the gain related to this sale. We expect to recognize our proportionate share of the gain through equity in earnings related to this event in the second quarter of fiscal 2026.
During the three months ended May 31, 2025, we received a distribution of cash from the AVAIL JV of $273.2 million, which exceeded our investment in the AVAIL JV of $107.4 million. Since we are not liable for the obligations of the AVAIL JV nor otherwise committed to provide financial support after writing off our investment in the AVAIL JV, we recognized $165.8 million as a gain for the three months ended May 31, 2025. We recorded $173.5 million in equity in earnings, which consists of 1) $7.7 million of equity in earnings from the AVAIL JV's operations for the three months ended May 31, 2025, and 2) $165.8 million of a gain from distribution received in excess of our investment in the AVAIL JV. We primarily used the proceeds from the distribution to pay down our Term Loan B.
Share Repurchase Program
During the three months ended May 31, 2025, we did not repurchase shares of common stock under the 2020 Share Authorization. As of May 31, 2025, there was $53.2 million remaining to repurchase shares under the 2020 Authorization. See "Part II. Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.”
Other Exposures
We have exposure to commodity price increases in all three of our operating segments, primarily zinc and natural gas in the AZZ Metal Coatings segment, and natural gas, steel, and aluminum scrap in the AZZ Precoat Metals segment. We attempt to minimize these increases by entering into agreements with our zinc suppliers and such agreements generally include fixed premiums, and by entering into agreements with our natural gas suppliers to fix a portion of our purchase cost. In addition to these measures, we attempt to recover other cost increases through improvements to our manufacturing process, supply chain management, and through increases in prices to match inflationary increases where competitively feasible. We have indirect exposure to copper, aluminum, steel and nickel-based alloys in the AZZ Infrastructure Solutions segment through our 40% investment in the AVAIL JV.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
As of May 31, 2025, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules. Specifically, there were no off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that have, or may have, a material effect on the financial condition, changes in financial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources of the Company.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
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There were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in "Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2025.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See "Item I. Financial Statements—Note 1" for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the actual and expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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Non-GAAP Disclosures
In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States ("GAAP"), we provide adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share and Adjusted EBITDA (collectively, the "Adjusted Earnings Measures"), which are non-GAAP measures. Management believes that the presentation of these measures provides investors with greater transparency when comparing operating results across a broad spectrum of companies, which provides a more complete understanding of our financial performance, competitive position, prospects for future capital investment and debt reduction. Management also believes that investors regularly rely on non-GAAP financial measures, such as adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share and Adjusted EBITDA to assess operating performance and that such measures may highlight trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying on financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.
Management defines adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share to exclude intangible asset amortization, restructuring charges, and additional stock compensation expense related to the adoption of our executive retiree long-term incentive program from the reported GAAP measure. Management defines Adjusted EBITDA as adjusted net income excluding depreciation, amortization, interest, provision for income taxes and Series A Preferred Stock dividends. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA is used by investors to analyze operating performance and evaluate the Company's ability to incur and service debt, as well as its capacity for making capital expenditures in the future.
Management provides non-GAAP financial measures for informational purposes and to enhance understanding of the Company’s GAAP consolidated financial statements. Readers should consider these measures in addition to, but not instead of or superior to, the Company's financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, and undue reliance should not be placed on these non-GAAP financial measures. Additionally, these non-GAAP financial measures may be determined or calculated differently by other companies, limiting the usefulness of those measures for comparative purposes.
The following tables provide a reconciliation for the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024 between the non-GAAP Adjusted Earnings Measures to the most comparable measures, calculated in accordance with GAAP (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
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Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share

| Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
| Amount |  | Per Diluted Share(1) |  | Amount |  | Per Diluted Share(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 170,908 |  |  |  |  | $ | 39,602 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Series A Preferred Stock dividends | — |  |  |  |  | (1,200) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Redemption premium on Series A Preferred Stock | — |  |  |  |  | (75,198) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders(2) | 170,908 |  |  |  |  | (36,796) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impact of Series A Preferred Stock dividends(2) | — |  |  |  |  | 1,200 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) and diluted earnings (loss) per share for Adjusted net income calculation(2) | 170,908 |  |  | $ | 5.66 |  |  | (35,596) |  |  | $ | (1.18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangible assets | 5,734 |  |  | 0.19 |  |  | 5,793 |  |  | 0.20 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring charges(3) | 3,827 |  |  | 0.13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redemption premium on Series A Preferred Stock(4) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,198 |  |  | 2.49 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Executive retiree long-term incentive program(5) | 2,185 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AVAIL JV excess distribution(6) | (165,826) |  |  | (5.49) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subtotal | (154,080) |  |  | (5.10) |  |  | 80,991 |  |  | 2.69 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax impact(7) | 36,979 |  |  | 1.22 |  |  | (1,390) |  |  | (0.05) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total adjustments | (117,101) |  |  | (3.88) |  |  | 79,601 |  |  | 2.64 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share (non-GAAP) | $ | 53,807 |  |  | $ | 1.78 |  |  | $ | 44,005 |  |  | $ | 1.46 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted for Adjusted earnings per share(2) |  |  | 30,217 |  |  |  |  | 30,194 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

See notes on page 38.
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Adjusted EBITDA

| Three Months Ended May 31, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 170,908 |  |  | $ | 39,602 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 18,563 |  |  | 22,774 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 54,928 |  |  | 11,401 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 21,827 |  |  | 20,323 |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring charges(3) | 3,827 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Executive retiree long-term incentive program(5) | 2,185 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
AVAIL JV excess distribution(6) | (165,826) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) | $ | 106,412 |  |  | $ | 94,100 |  |  |  |  |

See notes on page 38.
Adjusted EBITDA by Segment
A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA by segment to net income is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2025
| Metal Coatings |  | Precoat Metals |  | Infra- structure Solutions |  |  |  | Corporate |  | Total
Net income (loss) | $ | 50,671 |  |  | $ | 39,354 |  |  | $ | 173,443 |  |  |  |  | $ | (92,560) |  |  | $ | 170,908 |
Interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 18,563 |  |  | 18,563 |
Income tax expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 54,928 |  |  | 54,928 |
Depreciation and amortization | 6,660 |  |  | 9,123 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 6,044 |  |  | 21,827 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring charges(3) | 3,827 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3,827 |
Executive retiree long-term incentive program(5) | 358 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,827 |  |  | 2,185 |
AVAIL JV excess distribution(6) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (165,826) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (165,826) |
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) | $ | 61,516 |  |  | $ | 48,477 |  |  | $ | 7,617 |  |  |  |  | $ | (11,198) |  |  | $ | 106,412 |

See notes on page 38.

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2024
| Metal Coatings |  | Precoat Metals |  | Infra- structure Solutions |  |  |  | Corporate |  | Total
Net income (loss) | $ | 47,988 |  |  | $ | 40,094 |  |  | $ | 3,795 |  |  |  |  | $ | (52,275) |  |  | $ | 39,602 |
Interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 22,774 |  |  | 22,774 |
Income tax expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 11,401 |  |  | 11,401 |
Depreciation and amortization | 6,657 |  |  | 7,593 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 6,073 |  |  | 20,323 |
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) | $ | 54,645 |  |  | $ | 47,687 |  |  | $ | 3,795 |  |  |  |  | $ | (12,027) |  |  | $ | 94,100 |

See notes on page 38.
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Debt Leverage Ratio Reconciliation

|  | Trailing Twelve Months Ended
|  | May 31, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025
Gross debt |  | $ | 614,875 |  |  | $ | 900,250 |
Less: Cash per bank statement |  | (17,928) |  |  | (12,670) |
Add: Finance lease liability |  | 10,160 |  |  | 6,647 |
Consolidated indebtedness |  | $ | 607,107 |  |  | $ | 894,227 |
Net income |  | $ | 260,139 |  |  | $ | 128,833 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 83,710 |  |  | 82,205 |
Interest expense |  | 77,071 |  |  | 81,282 |
Income tax expense |  | 85,376 |  |  | 41,850 |
EBITDA |  | $ | 506,296 |  |  | $ | 334,170 |
Cash items(8) |  | 20,035 |  |  | 15,325 |
Non-cash items(9) |  | 14,818 |  |  | 12,161 |
Equity in earnings, net of distributions |  | (173,835) |  |  | (3,598) |
Adjusted EBITDA per Credit Agreement |  | $ | 367,314 |  |  | $ | 358,058 |
Net leverage ratio |  | 1.7x |  | 2.5x

(1) | Earnings per share amounts included in the "Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share" table above may not sum due to rounding differences.
(2) | For the three months ended May 31, 2024, diluted earnings per share is based on weighted average shares outstanding of 26,751, as the Series A Preferred Stock that was redeemed May 9, 2024 is anti-dilutive for this calculation. The calculation of adjusted diluted earnings per share is based on weighted average shares outstanding of 30,194, as the Series A Preferred Stock is dilutive to adjusted diluted earnings per share. Adjusted net income for adjusted earnings per share also includes the addback of Series A Preferred Stock dividends for the period noted above. For further information regarding the calculation of earnings per share, see "Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 3."
(3) | Includes restructuring charges related to the closure of two surface technology facilities in our Metal Coatings segment. See "Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 17."
(4) | On May 9, 2024, we redeemed AZZ's Series A Preferred Stock. The redemption premium represents the difference between the redemption amount paid and the book value of the Series A Preferred Stock.
(5) | During the three months ended May 31, 2025, we recognized additional stock-based compensation expense of $2.2 million upon the adoption of the Executive Retiree Long-term Incentive Program. For further information regarding the adoption of the ERP, see "Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 15."
(6) | During the three months ended May 31, 2025, AVAIL completed the sale of the Electrical Products Group business to nVent Electric plc. Following the completion of the sale, we received a distribution of $273.2 million during the three months ended May 31, 2025, which is in excess of the investment in the AVAIL JV, which was $107.4 million as of May 31, 2025. The excess distribution of $165.8 million was recorded as equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities during the three months ended May 31, 2025. For further information, see "Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 7."
(7) | The non-GAAP effective tax rate for each of the periods presented is estimated at 24.0%.
(8) | Cash items include certain legal settlements, accruals, and retirement and other severance expenses, and restructuring charges associated with the Metal Coatings segment.
(9) | Non-cash items include stock-based compensation expense.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes to our market risk disclosures during the three months ended May 31, 2025. For a discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to our market risk disclosures set forth in "Part II. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2025.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934) are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
AZZ and its subsidiaries are named defendants and plaintiffs in various routine lawsuits incidental to our business. These proceedings include labor and employment claims, various commercial disputes, worker’s compensation and environmental matters, all arising in the normal course of business. As discovery progresses on all outstanding legal matters, we continuously evaluate opportunities to either mediate the cases or settle the disputes for nuisance value or the cost of litigation as a way to resolve the disputes prior to trial. As the pending cases progress through additional discovery and potential mediation, our assessment of the likelihood of a favorable or an unfavorable outcome on the pending lawsuits may change. Although the actual outcome of these lawsuits or other proceedings cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the amount of any potential liability that could arise with respect to such lawsuits or other matters cannot be predicted at this time, management, after consultation with legal counsel believes it has strong claims or defenses to all of its legal matters and does not expect liabilities, if any, from these claims or proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. For further discussion of the Company's legal proceedings, see "Part 1. Item 1. Financial Statements—Note 18."
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. See the discussion of the Company’s risk factors under "Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors" in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2025.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On November 10, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a $100 million share repurchase program pursuant to which we may repurchase our common stock (the "2020 Authorization"). Repurchases under the 2020 Authorization will be made through open market or private transactions, in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, and could include repurchases pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which allows stock repurchases when we might otherwise be precluded from doing so. Currently, share repurchases may not exceed 6% of our market capitalization per fiscal year.
During the three months ended May 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not repurchase shares of common stock under the 2020 Share Authorization. As of May 31, 2025, there was $53.2 million remaining to repurchase shares under the 2020 Authorization.
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Item 5. Other Information.
Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement
During the three months ended May 31, 2025, none of our directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
Retirement of Executive Officer
On July 7, 2025, Kurt Russell, Senior Vice President and Chief Strategic Officer (who previously served as a named executive officer in fiscal year 2025 in the role of Chief Operating Officer – Precoat Metals), informed the Company of his intent to retire on October 1, 2025.
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Item 6. Exhibits

2.1 |  | Contribution and Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2022, by and between AZZ Inc., AIS investment Holdings LLC and Fernweh AIS Acquisition L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 27, 2022.)
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws dated April 24, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 25, 2023.)
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation (with Certificate of Correction dated May 15, 2023) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on October 10, 2023.)
4.1 |  | Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on October 13, 2000.)
4.2 |  | Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2022, by and between AZZ Inc. and UMB Bank, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2022.
10.1 |  | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2024, by and among AZZ Inc., the Guarantors, the Lenders, and Citibank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 24, 2024.)
10.2 |  | Fifth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2025, by and among AZZ Inc., the Guarantors, the Lenders, and Citibank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025.)
10.3*+ |  | Form of Amended and Restated Performance Share Unit ("PSU") Award Agreement for FY2024 and FY2025 Retirement-Eligible PSU Awards.
31.1+ |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2+ |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1++ |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2++ |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS+ |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH+ |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL+ |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF+ |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB+ |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE+ |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Date File (embedded with the Inline XBRL document).

*Indicates management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Indicates filed herewith.
++ Indicates furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | AZZ Inc. (Registrant)
Date: | July 9, 2025 |  | By: | /s/ Jason Crawford
|  |  |  | Jason Crawford Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer

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