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Financial instruments | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Text block [abstract] |
Financial instruments | 14. Financial instruments Financial instruments by category The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments by class as at March 31, 2019 are as follows: Financial assets
|  | Financial assets at amortized cost |  |  | Financial assets at FVTPL |  |  | Financial assets at FVOCI |  |  | Total carrying value |  |  | Total fair value |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 85,444 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85,444 |  |  | $ | 85,444 |
Investment in fixed deposits |  |  | 15,907 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,907 |  |  |  | 15,907 |
Investments in marketable securities and mutual funds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 134,493 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 134,493 |  |  |  | 134,493 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 73,872 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 73,872 |  |  |  | 73,872 |
Unbilled revenue(1) |  |  | 65,295 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65,295 |  |  |  | 65,295 |
Funds held for clients |  |  | 7,063 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,063 |  |  |  | 7,063 |
Prepayments and other assets(2) |  |  | 5,375 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,375 |  |  |  | 5,375 |
Other non-current assets(3) |  |  | 9,308 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,308 |  |  |  | 9,308 |
Derivative assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,077 |  |  |  | 17,004 |  |  |  | 19,081 |  |  |  | 19,081 |
Total carrying value |  | $ | 262,264 |  |  | $ | 136,570 |  |  | $ | 17,004 |  |  | $ | 415,838 |  |  | $ | 415,838 |
Financial liabilities
|  | Financial liabilities at amortized cost |  |  | Financial liabilities at FVTPL |  |  | Financial liabilities at FVOCI |  |  | Total carrying value |  |  | Total fair value |
Trade payables |  | $ | 17,831 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,831 |  |  | $ | 17,831 |
Long-term debt (includes current portion)(4) |  |  | 61,800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61,800 |  |  |  | 61,800 |
Other employee obligations(5) |  |  | 63,129 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63,129 |  |  |  | 63,129 |
Provision and accrued expenses |  |  | 27,619 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,619 |  |  |  | 27,619 |
Other liabilities(6) |  |  | 2,288 |  |  |  | 3,197 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,485 |  |  |  | 5,485 |
Derivative liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 2,096 |  |  |  | 2,403 |  |  |  | 2,403 |
Total carrying value |  | $ | 172,667 |  |  | $ | 3,504 |  |  | $ | 2,096 |  |  | $ | 178,267 |  |  | $ | 178,267 |
Notes:
(1) | Excluding non-financial assets $1,457.
(2) | Excluding non-financial assets $11,408.
(3) | Excluding non-financial assets $34,931.
(4) | Excluding non-financial asset (unamortized debt issuance cost) $409.
(5) | Excluding non-financial liabilities $16,240.
(6) | Excluding non-financial liabilities $13,768.
The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments by class as at March 31, 2018 are as follows: Financial assets
|  | Financial assets at amortized cost |  |  | Financial assets at FVTPL |  |  | Financial assets at FVOCI |  |  | Total carrying value |  |  | Total fair value |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 99,829 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 99,829 |  |  | $ | 99,829 |
Investment in fixed deposits |  |  | 21,548 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,548 |  |  |  | 21,548 |
Investments in marketable securities and mutual funds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 99,954 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 99,954 |  |  |  | 99,954 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 71,388 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 71,388 |  |  |  | 71,388 |
Unbilled revenue |  |  | 61,721 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61,721 |  |  |  | 61,721 |
Funds held for clients |  |  | 10,066 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,066 |  |  |  | 10,066 |
Prepayments and other assets(1) |  |  | 4,410 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,410 |  |  |  | 4,410 |
Other non-current assets(2) |  |  | 10,243 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,243 |  |  |  | 10,243 |
Derivative assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,212 |  |  |  | 12,771 |  |  |  | 14,983 |  |  |  | 14,983 |
Total carrying value |  | $ | 279,205 |  |  | $ | 102,166 |  |  | $ | 12,771 |  |  | $ | 394,142 |  |  | $ | 394,142 |
Financial liabilities
|  | Financial liabilities at amortized cost |  |  | Financial liabilities at FVTPL |  |  | Financial liabilities at FVOCI |  |  | Total carrying value |  |  | Total fair value |
Trade payables |  | $ | 19,703 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,703 |  |  | $ | 19,703 |
Long-term debt (includes current portion)(3) |  |  | 89,900 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 89,900 |  |  |  | 89,900 |
Other employee obligations(4) |  |  | 59,346 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59,346 |  |  |  | 59,346 |
Provision and accrued expenses |  |  | 28,826 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,826 |  |  |  | 28,826 |
Other liabilities(5) |  |  | 2,447 |  |  |  | 11,388 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,835 |  |  |  | 13,835 |
Derivative liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 946 |  |  |  | 7,809 |  |  |  | 8,755 |  |  |  | 8,755 |
Total carrying value |  | $ | 200,222 |  |  | $ | 12,334 |  |  | $ | 7,809 |  |  | $ | 220,365 |  |  | $ | 220,365 |
Notes:
(1) | Excluding non-financial assets $20,437.
(2) | Excluding non-financial assets $32,145.
(3) | Excluding non-financial asset (unamortized debt issuance cost) $769.
(4) | Excluding non-financial liabilities $14,892.
(5) | Excluding non-financial liabilities $13,566.
For the financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting or similar arrangements, each agreement between the Company and the counterparty allows for net settlement of the relevant financial assets and liabilities when both elect to settle on a net basis. In the absence of such an election, financial assets and liabilities will be settled on a gross basis. Financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements as at March 31, 2019 are as follows:
Description of types of financial assets |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial assets |  |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position |  |  | Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position |  |  | Related amount not set off in financial instruments |  |  | Net Amount |
| Financial Instruments |  |  | Cash collateral received |
Derivative assets |  | $ | 19,081 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,081 |  |  | $ | (2,045 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,036 |
Total |  | $ | 19,081 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,081 |  |  | $ | (2,045 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,036 |
Description of types of financial liabilities |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities |  |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial assets offset in the statement of financial position |  |  | Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position |  |  | Related amount not set off in financial instruments |  |  | Net Amount |
| Financial instruments |  |  | Cash collateral pledged |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | (2,045 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 358 |
Total |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | (2,045 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 358 |
Financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements as at March 31, 2018 are as follows:
Description of types of financial assets |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial assets |  |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position |  |  | Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position |  |  | Related amount not set off in financial instruments |  |  | Net Amount |
| Financial instruments |  |  | Cash collateral received |
Derivative assets |  | $ | 14,983 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,983 |  |  | $ | (4,215 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,768 |
Total |  | $ | 14,983 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,983 |  |  | $ | (4,215 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,768 |
Description of types of financial liabilities |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities |  |  | Gross amounts of recognized financial assets offset in the statement of financial position |  |  | Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position |  |  | Related amount not set off in financial instruments |  |  | Net Amount |
| Financial instruments |  |  | Cash collateral pledged |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | 8,755 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,755 |  |  | $ | (4,215 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,540 |
Total |  | $ | 8,755 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,755 |  |  | $ | (4,215 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,540 |
Fair value hierarchy The following is the hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique: Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — other techniques for which all inputs have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 — techniques which use inputs that have a significant effect on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data. The fair value is estimated using the discounted cash flow approach and market rates of interest. The valuation technique involves assumptions and judgments regarding risk characteristics of the instruments, discount rates and future cash flows. The Company uses valuation techniques in measuring the fair value of financial instruments, where active market quotes are not available. In applying the valuation techniques, the Company makes maximum use of market inputs, and uses estimates and assumptions that are, as far as possible, consistent with observable data that market participants would use in pricing the instrument. Where applicable data is not observable, the Company uses its best estimate about the assumptions that market participants would make. These estimates may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm’s length transaction at the reporting date. The assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as at March 31, 2019 are as follows:-
|  |  |  |  | Fair value measurement at reporting date using |
Description |  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets at FVTPL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | $ | 2,077 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,077 |  |  | $ | — |
Investments in marketable securities and mutual funds |  |  | 134,493 |  |  |  | 134,047 |  |  |  | 446 |  |  |  | — |
Financial assets at FVOCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 16,611 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,611 |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 153,573 |  |  | $ | 134,047 |  |  | $ | 19,526 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial liabilities at FVTPL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | — |
Contingent consideration |  |  | 3,197 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,197 |
Financial liabilities at FVOCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 2,095 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,095 |  |  |  | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 5,600 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | 3,197 |
The assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as at March 31, 2018 are as follows:-
|  |  |  |  | Fair value measurement at reporting date using |
Description |  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets at FVTPL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | $ | 2,212 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,212 |  |  | $ | — |
Investments in marketable securities and mutual funds |  |  | 99,954 |  |  |  | 99,412 |  |  |  | 542 |  |  |  | — |
Financial assets at FVOCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 11,709 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,709 |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 1,062 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,062 |  |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 114,937 |  |  | $ | 99,412 |  |  | $ | 15,525 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial liabilities at FVTPL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | — |
Contingent consideration |  |  | 11,388 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,388 |
Financial liabilities at FVOCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 7,809 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,809 |  |  |  | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 20,143 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,755 |  |  | $ | 11,388 |
Description of significant unobservable inputs to Level 3 valuation The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was estimated using a probability weighted method and achievement of revenue target with a discount rate of 2.5%. One percentage point change in the unobservable inputs used in fair valuation of the contingent consideration does not have a significant impact on its value. The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow approach which involves assumptions and judgments regarding risk characteristics of the instruments, discount rates, future cash flows, foreign exchange spot, forward premium rates and market rates of interest. The movement in contingent consideration categorized under Level 3 fair value measurement is given below:
|  | For the year ended |
|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | March 31, 2018 |
Balance at the beginning of the year |  | $ | 11,388 |  |  | $ | 19,678 |
Additions |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Payouts |  |  | (8,456 | ) |  |  | (7,000 | )
Gain recognized in the consolidated statement of income |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,553 | )
Finance expense recognized in the consolidated statement of income |  |  | 265 |  |  |  | 263 |
Balance at the end of the year |  | $ | 3,197 |  |  | $ | 11,388 |
During the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, and no transfers into and out of Level 3 fair value measurements. Fair value on a non-recurring basis as at March 31, 2017 The non-recurring fair value measurement for the Auto Claim BPM CGU of $38,492 (before cost of disposal of $656) has been categorized as Level 3 fair value based on the inputs to the valuation technique used (Refer Note 10). Derivative financial instruments The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk. Forward and option contracts up to 24 months on various foreign currencies are entered into to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk on forecasted revenue denominated in foreign currencies and monetary assets and liabilities held in non-functional currencies. Interest rate swaps are entered to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s floating rate borrowings. The Company’s primary exchange rate exposure is with the US dollar and pound sterling against the Indian rupee. For derivative instruments which qualify for cash flow hedge accounting, the Company records the effective portion of gain or loss from changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments in other comprehensive income/(loss), which is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged item affects earnings. Derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting when the instrument is designated as a hedge; the hedged item is specifically identifiable and exposes the Company to risk; and it is expected that a change in fair value of the derivative instrument and an opposite change in the fair value of the hedged item will have a high degree of correlation. Determining the high degree of correlation between the change in fair value of the hedged item and the derivative instruments involves significant judgment including the probability of the occurrence of the forecasted transaction. When it is highly probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, the Company discontinues the hedge accounting and recognizes immediately in the consolidated statement of income, the gains and losses attributable to such derivative instrument that were accumulated in other comprehensive income/(loss). The following table presents the notional values of outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign exchange option contracts and interest rate swap contracts:
|  | As at |
|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | March 31, 2018 |
Forward contracts (Sell) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In US dollars |  | $ | 230,292 |  |  | $ | 242,418 |
In UK pound sterling |  |  | 134,077 |  |  |  | 132,591 |
In Euro |  |  | 34,251 |  |  |  | 23,883 |
In Australian dollars |  |  | 43,271 |  |  |  | 48,147 |
Others |  |  | 2,866 |  |  |  | 2,332 |
|  | $ | 444,757 |  |  | $ | 449,371 |
Option contracts (Sell) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In US dollars |  | $ | 134,060 |  |  | $ | 107,629 |
In UK pound sterling |  |  | 122,377 |  |  |  | 116,401 |
In Euro |  |  | 32,226 |  |  |  | 21,483 |
In Australian dollars |  |  | 42,106 |  |  |  | 28,828 |
Others |  |  | — |  |  |  | 927 |
|  | $ | 330,769 |  |  | $ | 275,268 |
Interest rate swap contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In US dollars |  |  | 61,800 |  |  |  | 89,900 |
The amount of gain/ (loss) reclassified from other comprehensive income into consolidated statement of income in respective line items for the years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
|  | Year ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Revenue |  | $ | 66 |  |  |  | 11,231 |  |  | $ | 7,952 |
Foreign exchange gain, net |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | 15,766 |  |  |  | 16,896 |
Finance expense |  |  | 422 |  |  |  | (561 | ) |  |  | (71 | )
Income tax related to amounts reclassified into consolidated statement of income |  |  | (577 | ) |  |  | (9,965 | ) |  |  | (8,998 | )
Total |  | $ | (91 | ) |  |  | 16,471 |  |  | $ | 15,779 |
As at March 31, 2019, a gain amounting to $5,578 on account of cash flow hedges in relation to forward and option contracts entered is expected to be reclassified from other comprehensive income into the consolidated statement of income over a period of 24 months and a gain amounting to $376 on account of cash flow hedges in relation to interest rate swaps is expected to be reclassified from other comprehensive income into the consolidated statement of income over a period of 36 months. Due to the discontinuation of cash flow hedge accounting on account of non-occurrence of original forecasted transactions by the end of the originally specified time period, the Company recognized in the consolidated statement of income a loss of $2, a loss of $20 and a gain of $666 for the years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Financial risk management Financial risk factors The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s primary focus is to foresee the unpredictability of financial markets and seek to minimize potential adverse effects on its financial performance. The primary market risk to the Company is foreign exchange risk. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate foreign exchange related risk exposures. The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristic of each customer and the concentration of risk from the top few customers. The demographics of the customer including the default risk of the industry and country in which the customer operates also has an influence on credit risk assessment. The Company does not enter into or trade financial instruments, including derivative financial instruments, for speculative purposes. Risk management procedures The Company manages market risk through treasury operations. Senior management and the Board of Directors approve the Company’s treasury operations’ objectives and policies. The activities of treasury operations include management of cash resources, implementation of hedging strategies for foreign currency exposures, implementation of borrowing strategies and monitoring compliance with market risk limits and policies. The Company’s foreign exchange committee, comprising the Chairman of the Board, Group Chief Executive Officer and Group Chief Financial Officer, is the approving authority for all hedging transactions. Components of market risk Exchange rate or currency risk The Company’s exposure to market risk arises principally from exchange rate risk. Although substantially all of the Company’s revenue is denominated in pound sterling and US dollars, a significant portion of expenses for the year ended March 31, 2019 (net of payments to repair centers made as part of the Company’s WNS Auto Claims BPM segment) were incurred and paid in Indian rupees. The exchange rates among the Indian rupee, the pound sterling and the US dollar have changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future. The Company hedges a portion of forecasted external and inter-company revenue denominated in foreign currencies with forward contracts and options. Based upon the Company’s level of operations for the year ended March 31, 2019, a sensitivity analysis shows that a 10% appreciation or depreciation in the pound sterling against the US dollar would have increased or decreased, respectively, the Company’s revenue for the year ended March 31, 2019 by approximately $23,451. Similarly, a 10% appreciation or depreciation in the Indian rupee against the US dollar would have increased or decreased, respectively, the Company’s expenses incurred and paid in Indian rupee for the year ended March 31, 2019 by approximately $30,976. The foreign currency risk from non-derivative financial instruments as at March 31, 2019 is as follows:
|  | As at March 31, 2019 |
|  | US Dollar |  |  | Pound Sterling |  |  | Indian Rupees |  |  | Australian Dollar |  |  | Euro |  |  | Other currencies |  |  | Total |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,204 |  |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,864 |  |  |  | 528 |  |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 5,073 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 100,713 |  |  |  | 48,198 |  |  |  | 3,629 |  |  |  | 17,107 |  |  |  | 12,459 |  |  |  | 3,395 |  |  |  | 185,501 |
Unbilled revenue |  |  | 4,576 |  |  |  | 3,553 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,221 |  |  |  | 5,778 |  |  |  | 532 |  |  |  | 17,660 |
Prepayments and other current assets |  |  | 522 |  |  |  | 311 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 1,018 |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 19 |
Trade payables |  |  | (28,704 | ) |  |  | (63,467 | ) |  |  | (8,332 | ) |  |  | (9,059 | ) |  |  | (10,265 | ) |  |  | (596 | ) |  |  | (120,423 | )
Provisions and accrued expenses |  |  | (2,924 | ) |  |  | (210 | ) |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (1,069 | ) |  |  | (477 | ) |  |  | (72 | ) |  |  | (4,969 | )
Pension and other employee obligations |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  | (332 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Net assets/ (liabilities) |  | $ | 75,262 |  |  |  | (11,359 | ) |  |  | (4,918 | ) |  |  | 13,146 |  |  |  | 8,080 |  |  |  | 3,326 |  |  |  | 83,537 |
The foreign currency risk from non-derivative financial instruments as at March 31, 2018 is as follows:
|  | As at March 31, 2018 |
|  | US Dollar |  |  | Pound Sterling |  |  | Indian Rupees |  |  | Australian Dollar |  |  | Euro |  |  | Other currencies |  |  | Total |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 399 |  |  |  | 4,735 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,991 |  |  |  | 339 |  |  |  | 610 |  |  |  | 9,074 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 100,002 |  |  |  | 46,658 |  |  |  | 3,850 |  |  |  | 24,686 |  |  |  | 7,289 |  |  |  | 2,525 |  |  |  | 185,010 |
Unbilled revenue |  |  | 7,178 |  |  |  | 3,209 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 643 |  |  |  | 6,230 |  |  |  | 858 |  |  |  | 18,118 |
Prepayments and other current assets |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | 188 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 729 |
Other non-current assets |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 19 |
Trade payables |  |  | (27,613 | ) |  |  | (64,070 | ) |  |  | (6,989 | ) |  |  | (16,093 | ) |  |  | (1,429 | ) |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (116,213 | )
Provisions and accrued expenses |  |  | (2,314 | ) |  |  | (291 | ) |  |  | (205 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (154 | ) |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (2,983 | )
Pension and other employee obligations |  |  | (134 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | (306 | ) |  |  | (452 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11 | )
Net assets/ (liabilities) |  | $ | 77,942 |  |  |  | (9,575 | ) |  |  | (3,334 | ) |  |  | 12,256 |  |  |  | 12,325 |  |  |  | 3,676 |  |  |  | 93,291 |
Other currencies include currencies such as the Swiss Franc (CHF), Singapore Dollar (SGD), Philippine Peso (PHP), Canadian Dollar (CAD), Polish Zloty (PLN), Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR), Romanian Leu (RON), South African Rand (ZAR), New Zealand Dollar (NZD), Hong Kong Dollar (HKD), United Arab Emirates Dirham (AED), Chinese Yuan Renminbi (CNY), Costa Rican colon (CRC), Danish Krone (DKK), Swedish Krona (SEK), Malaysian Ringgit (MYR) and Turkish Lira (TRY). As at March 31, 2019, every 5% appreciation or depreciation of the respective foreign currencies compared to the functional currency of the Company would impact the Company’s profit before tax from operating activities by approximately $3,152. Interest rate risk The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk arises from borrowings which have a floating rate of interest, which is linked to the US dollar LIBOR. The risk is managed by the Company by maintaining an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate borrowings and by the use of interest rate swap contracts. The costs of floating rate borrowings may be affected by the fluctuations in the interest rates. In connection with the term loan facilities entered into in fiscal 2017, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements with the banks in fiscal 2017. These swap agreements effectively convert the term loans from variable US dollar LIBOR interest rates to fixed rates, thereby managing the Company’s exposure to changes in market interest rates under the term loans. The amounts outstanding under swap agreements as at March 31, 2019 aggregated $61,800. The Company monitors its positions and does not anticipate non-performance by the counterparties. The Company intends to selectively use interest rate swaps, options and other derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate movements. These exposures are reviewed by appropriate levels of management on a periodic basis. The Company does not enter into hedging agreements for speculative purposes. Credit risk Credit risk arises from the possibility that customers may not be able to settle their obligations as agreed. Trade receivables are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers primarily located in the UK and the US. Credit risk is managed through periodical assessment of the financial reliability of customers, taking into account the financial condition, current economic trends, analysis of historical bad debts and ageing of trade receivables. The credit risk on marketable securities, FMPs, mutual funds, bank deposits and derivative financial instruments is limited because the counterparties are banks and mutual funds with high credit-ratings assigned by international credit rating agencies. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is primarily from trade receivables and unbilled revenue which amounted to $73,872 and $66,752, respectively as at March 31, 2019 and $71,388 and $61,721, respectively, as at March 31, 2018. The Company provides loss allowance using the ECL model on trade receivables and unbilled revenue with no significant financing component at an amount equal to lifetime ECL (Refer Note 8). The following table gives details in respect of the percentage of revenue generated from the Company’s top customer and top five customers:
|  | Year Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Revenue from top customer |  |  | 6.9 | % |  |  | 6.8 | % |  |  | 9.0 | %
Revenue from top five customers |  |  | 27.1 | % |  |  | 29.4 | % |  |  | 32.1 | %
Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to its reputation. Typically, the Company ensures that it has sufficient cash on demand to meet expected operational expenses and service financial obligations. In addition, the Company has concluded arrangements with reputable banks and has unused lines of credit of $74,274 as of March 31, 2019 that could be drawn upon should there be a need. The contractual maturities of financial liabilities are as follows:
|  | As at March 31, 2019 |
|  | Less than 1 Year |  |  | 1-2 years |  |  | 2-5 years |  |  | Total |
Long-term debt (includes current portion)(1) |  | $ | 28,200 |  |  | $ | 16,800 |  |  | $ | 16,800 |  |  | $ | 61,800 |
Trade payables |  |  | 17,831 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,831 |
Provision and accrued expenses |  |  | 27,619 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,619 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 5,485 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,485 |
Other employee obligations |  |  | 63,129 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63,129 |
Derivative financial instruments |  |  | 2,096 |  |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,403 |
Total(2) |  | $ | 144,360 |  |  | $ | 17,107 |  |  | $ | 16,800 |  |  | $ | 178,267 |
Notes:
(1) | Before netting off debt issuance cost of $409.
(2) | Non-financial liabilities are explained in the financial instruments categories table above.
|  | As at March 31, 2018 |
|  | Less than 1 Year |  |  | 1-2 years |  |  | 2-5 years |  |  | Total |
Long-term debt (includes current portion)(1) |  | $ | 28,100 |  |  | $ | 28,200 |  |  | $ | 33,600 |  |  | $ | 89,900 |
Trade payables |  |  | 19,703 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,703 |
Provision and accrued expenses |  |  | 28,826 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,826 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 10,680 |  |  |  | 3,154 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,834 |
Other employee obligations |  |  | 59,347 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59,347 |
Derivative financial instruments |  |  | 6,466 |  |  |  | 2,289 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,755 |
Total(2) |  | $ | 153,122 |  |  | $ | 33,643 |  |  | $ | 33,600 |  |  | $ | 220,365 |
Notes:
(1) | Before netting off debt issuance cost of $769.
(2) | Non-financial liabilities are explained in the financial instruments categories table above.
The balanced view of liquidity and financial indebtedness is stated in the table below. This calculation of the net cash position is used by the management:
|  | As at |
|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | March 31, 2018 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 85,444 |  |  | $ | 99,829 |
Investments |  |  | 150,400 |  |  |  | 121,502 |
Long-term debt (includes current portion)(1) |  |  | (61,800 | ) |  |  | (89,900 | )
Net cash position |  | $ | 174,044 |  |  | $ | 131,431 |
Note:
(1) | Before netting off debt issuance cost of $409 and $769 as at March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

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