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Investments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investments Investments
Fixed Maturities
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2021 were:
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedAllowance for Expected Credit LossesFair Value
(Dollars in Millions)GainsLosses
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$498.0 $35.7 $(1.3)$— $532.4 
States and Political Subdivisions1,538.6 140.9 (11.6)— 1,667.9 
Foreign Governments6.3 — (1.2)(0.3)4.8 
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes3,886.3 419.2 (30.4)(4.3)4,270.8 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks7.0 0.1 (0.1)— 7.0 
Collateralized Loan Obligations791.0 2.4 (10.5)— 782.9 
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed202.4 11.3 (0.1)— 213.6 
Investments in Fixed Maturities$6,929.6 $609.6 $(55.2)$(4.6)$7,479.4 
Note 5 - Investments (continued)
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2020 were:
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedAllowance for Expected Credit LossesFair Value
(Dollars in Millions)GainsLosses
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$536.5 $48.9 $(0.1)$— $585.3 
States and Political Subdivisions1,404.3 185.4 (0.2)— 1,589.5 
Foreign Governments6.6 — (1.1)(0.3)5.2 
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes3,749.5 689.5 (10.6)(3.0)4,425.4 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks7.0 0.5 — — 7.5 
Collateralized Loan Obligations785.1 2.3 (19.7)— 767.7 
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed203.7 21.6 — — 225.3 
Investments in Fixed Maturities$6,692.7 $948.2 $(31.7)$(3.3)$7,605.9 
Other Receivables included $23.7 million and $5.1 million of unsettled sales of Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities included unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities of $54.7 million and $4.3 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2021 by contractual maturity were:
(Dollars in Millions)Amortized CostFair Value
Due in One Year or Less$81.4 $84.6 
Due after One Year to Five Years1,049.7 1,111.0 
Due after Five Years to Ten Years1,570.2 1,691.0 
Due after Ten Years2,878.0 3,219.5 
Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date1,350.3 1,373.3 
Investments in Fixed Maturities$6,929.6 $7,479.4 
The expected maturities of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Investments in Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date at March 31, 2021 consisted of securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $361.3 million, securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $4.8 million, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $11.7 million and securities of other non-governmental issuers with a fair value of $995.5 million.
Note 5 - Investments (continued)
An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at March 31, 2021 is presented below.
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
(Dollars in Millions)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fixed Maturities:
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
$21.0 $(1.3)$0.1 $— $21.1 $(1.3)
States and Political Subdivisions335.7 (11.6)0.7 — 336.4 (11.6)
Foreign Governments0.2 (0.1)2.2 (1.1)2.4 (1.2)
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes559.1 (25.8)59.6 (4.6)618.7 (30.4)
Redeemable Preferred Stocks5.4 (0.1)— — 5.4 (0.1)
Collateralized Loan Obligations42.1 (0.2)320.8 (10.3)362.9 (10.5)
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed17.3 (0.1)0.1 — 17.4 (0.1)
Total Fixed Maturities$980.8 $(39.2)$383.5 $(16.0)$1,364.3 $(55.2)
Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $39.8 million and below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $15.4 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at March 31, 2021. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 9% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.
An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2020 is presented below.
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
(Dollars in Millions)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fixed Maturities:
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
$10.5 $(0.1)$— $— $10.5 $(0.1)
States and Political Subdivisions23.3 (0.2)— — 23.3 (0.2)
Foreign Governments0.5 (0.1)2.6 (1.0)3.1 (1.1)
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes132.9 (7.5)46.1 (3.1)179.0 (10.6)
Collateralized Loan Obligations145.2 (3.8)371.4 (15.9)516.6 (19.7)
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed6.3 — — — 6.3 — 
Total Fixed Maturities$318.7 $(11.7)$420.1 $(20.0)$738.8 $(31.7)
Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $8.0 million and below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $23.7 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2020. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 11% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.
Note 5 - Investments (continued)
At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have the intent to sell these investments, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these investments before an anticipated recovery of value. The Company evaluated these investments for credit losses at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company considers many factors in evaluating whether the unrealized losses were credit related including, but not limited to, the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, conditions related to the security, industry, or geographic area, payment structure of the investment and the likelihood of the issuer’s ability to make contractual cashflows, defaults or other collectability concerns related to the issuer, changes in the ratings assigned by a rating agency, and other credit enhancements that affect the investment’s expected performance. The Company determined that the unrealized losses on these securities were due to non-credit related factors at the evaluation date.
Fixed Maturities - Impairment Losses
The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for three months ended March 31, 2021.
 Foreign GovernmentsCorporate Bonds and NotesTotal
(Dollars in Millions)
Beginning of the Period$0.3 $3.0 $3.3 
Additions for Securities for which No Previous Expected Credit Losses were
   Recognized
— 1.3 1.3 
Reduction Due to Sales— (0.3)(0.3)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Allowance on Previously Impaired Securities0.2 0.3 0.5 
Write-offs Charged Against Allowance(0.2)— (0.2)
End of the Period$0.3 $4.3 $4.6 
The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
 Foreign GovernmentsCorporate Bonds and NotesTotal
(Dollars in Millions)
Beginning of the Year$— $— $— 
Additions for Securities for which No Previous Expected Credit Losses were
   Recognized
1.1 3.5 4.6 
Reduction Due to Sales— — — 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Allowance on Previously Impaired Securities— — — 
Write-offs Charged Against Allowance— — — 
End of the Period$1.1 $3.5 $4.6 
Equity Securities
Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value were $897.4 million and $858.5 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Net unrealized gains arising during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and recognized in earnings, related to such investments still held as of March 31, 2021, were $56.5 million.
For Equity Securities at Modified Cost, the Company performs a qualitative impairment analysis on a quarterly basis consisting of various factors such as earnings performance, current market conditions, changes in credit ratings, changes in the regulatory environment and other factors. If the qualitative analysis identifies the presence of impairment indicators, the Company estimates the fair value of the investment. If the estimated fair value is below the carrying value, the Company records an impairment in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. When the Company identifies observable transactions of the same or similar securities to those held by the Company, the Company increases or decreases the carrying value to the observable transaction price. The Company did not recognize any increases in
Note 5 - Investments (continued)
the carrying value due to observable transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The Company recognized an impairment of $0.8 million on Equity Securities at Modified Cost for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as a result of the Company’s qualitative impairment analysis. The Company has recognized $0.5 million of cumulative decreases in the carrying value due to observable transactions, no cumulative increases in the carrying value due to observable transactions and $6.7 million of cumulative impairments on Equity Securities at Modified Cost held as of March 31, 2021.
There were no unsettled sales or purchases of Investments in Equity Securities at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investments in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the investment entity.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at March 31, 2021 is limited to the total carrying value of $219.2 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $94.6 million to fund Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at March 31, 2021. At March 31, 2021, 4.3% of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments were reported without a reporting lag. Of the total carrying value, 11.0% was reported with a one month lag and the remainder was reported with more than a one month lag.
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments include partnerships formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers for a fixed period of time. The Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (“HLBV”) equity method of accounting is used for the Company’s investments in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at March 31, 2021 is limited to the total carrying value of $54.4 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $31.5 million to fund Alternative Energy Partnership Investments at March 31, 2021. Alternative Energy Partnership Investments are reported on a three month lag.
Other Investments
The carrying values of the Company’s Other Investments at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were:
(Dollars in Millions)Mar 31,
2021
Dec 31,
2020
Company-owned Life Insurance$429.5 $327.4 
Loans to Policyholders at Unpaid Principal295.1 297.9 
Real Estate at Depreciated Cost98.0 98.7 
Mortgage Loans and Other74.2 55.0 
Total$896.8 $779.0 
Note 5 - Investments (continued)
Net Investment Income
Net Investment Income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was:
 Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions)Mar 31,
2021
Mar 31,
2020
Investment Income (Loss):
Interest on Fixed Income Securities$69.0 $71.0 
Dividends on Equity Securities Excluding Alternative Investments2.1 4.3 
Alternative Investments:
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments22.5 1.8 
Limited Liability Investments Included in Equity Securities4.5 3.8 
Total Alternative Investments27.0 5.6 
Short-term Investments1.2 1.6 
Loans to Policyholders5.5 5.6 
Real Estate2.4 2.5 
Other4.7 4.2 
Total Investment Income 111.9 94.8 
Investment Expenses:
Real Estate2.1 2.6 
Other Investment Expenses6.7 6.6 
Total Investment Expenses8.8 9.2 
Net Investment Income$103.1 $85.6 
Gross gains and losses on sales of investments in fixed maturities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were:
 Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions)Mar 31,
2021
Mar 31,
2020
Fixed Maturities:
Gains on Sales$13.2 $15.9 
Losses on Sales(1.1)(1.1)