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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
______________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________________________________________

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended 6/30/2023
OR

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Transition Period from to
Commission file number 001-18298
______________________________________________________
Kemper Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
______________________________________________________

DE | 95-4255452
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 E. Randolph Street
Suite 3300
Chicago | IL | 60601
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(312) 661-4600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share | KMPR | NYSE
5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2062 | KMPB | NYSE

______________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “ accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
64,056,329 shares of common stock, $0.10 par value, were outstanding as of August 3, 2023.

KEMPER CORPORATION
INDEX

|  |  | Page
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements |  | 1
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |  |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss for the Six and Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) |  | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Six and Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) |  | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 3 0, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited) |  | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 3 0, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) |  | 7
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Six and Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) |  | 9
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 11
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 47
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 77
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 78
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 78
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 78
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 78
Item 5 | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |  | 78
Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 79
Exhibit Index |  | 79
Signatures |  | 80

Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, but not limited to, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”), Risk Factors and the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (including the notes thereto) of Kemper Corporation (“Kemper”) and its subsidiaries (individually and collectively referred to herein as the “Company”) may contain or incorporate by reference information that includes or is based on forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements give expectations or forecasts of future events. The reader can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as “believe(s),” “goal(s),” “target(s),” “estimate(s),” “anticipate(s),” “forecast(s),” “project(s),” “plan(s),” “intend(s),” “expect(s),” “might,” “may,” “could” and other terms of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements, in particular, include statements relating to future actions, prospective services or products, future performance or results of current and anticipated services or products, sales efforts, expenses, the outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings, trends in operations and financial results.
Any or all forward-looking statements may turn out to be wrong, and, accordingly, Kemper cautions readers not to place undue reliance on such statements. Kemper bases these statements on current expectations and the current economic environment as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. They involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties that may be important in determining the Company’s actual future results and financial condition.
In addition to those factors discussed under Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of Part I of Kemper’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”), the reader should consider the following list of general factors that, among others, could cause the Company’s actual results and financial condition to differ materially from estimated results and financial condition.
Factors related to the legal and regulatory environment in which Kemper and its subsidiaries operate
•Evolving policies, practices and interpretations by regulators and courts that increase operating costs and potential liabilities, particularly any that involve retroactive application of new requirements, including, but not limited to, initiatives related to unclaimed property laws or claims handling practices with respect to life insurance policies and the proactive use of death verification databases, and developments related to the novel coronavirus COVID-19 (“COVID-19”);
•Adverse outcomes in litigation or other legal or regulatory proceedings involving Kemper or its subsidiaries or affiliates or related to business practices in the insurance industry;
•Governmental actions, including, but not limited to, implementation of new laws and regulations, and court decisions interpreting existing and future laws and regulations or policy provisions;
•Uncertainties related to regulatory approval of insurance rates, policy forms, insurance products, license applications, dividends from insurance subsidiaries, acquisitions of businesses or strategic initiatives and other matters within the purview of insurance regulators;
•Increased costs and initiatives required to address new legal and regulatory requirements; liabilities, costs and other impacts arising from developments related to cybersecurity, privacy and data governance, including, without limitation, cyber incidents that have occurred or could occur;
Factors relating to insurance claims and related reserves in the Company’s insurance businesses
•The incidence, frequency and severity of catastrophes occurring in any particular reporting period or geographic area, including natural disasters, pandemics (including COVID-19) and terrorist attacks or other man-made events;
•The frequency and severity of insurance claims (including those associated with catastrophe losses and pandemics);
•The interest rate environment, including proposed rate changes by the U.S. Federal Reserve, which may cause material fluctuations in our life policyholder benefit reserves;
•Changes in facts and circumstances affecting assumptions used in determining loss and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) reserves, including, but not limited to, the frequency and severity of insurance claims, changes in claims
1

handling procedures and closure patterns, development patterns and the impacts of COVID-19 and associated governmental responses, and technological and other environmental conditions;
•The impact of inflation on insurance claims, including, but not limited to, the effects on material costs and personal injury claims of increasing medical costs and the severity of claims resulting from a catastrophe;
•The effects on property claims attributed to supply chain disruption and scarcity of resources available to rebuild damaged structures, including labor and materials and the amount of salvage value recovered for damaged property;
•The rising costs of insurance claims from increased and more targeted litigation, higher jury awards, broader definitions of liability, and other effects of societal trends referred to as social inflation;
•Developments related to insurance policy claims and coverage issues, including, but not limited to, interpretations, pronouncements or decisions by courts or regulators that may govern or influence losses incurred in connection with hurricanes and other catastrophes, including COVID-19;
•Orders, interpretations or other actions by regulators that impact the reporting, adjustment and payment of claims;
•Changes in the pricing or availability of reinsurance, or in the financial condition of reinsurers and amounts recoverable therefrom;
Factors related to the Company’s ability to compete
•Changes in the ratings of Kemper and/or its insurance company subsidiaries by rating agencies with regard to credit, financial strength, claims paying ability and other areas on which the Company is rated;
•The level of success and costs incurred in realizing or maintaining economies of scale, integrating acquired businesses and implementing significant business initiatives and the timing of the occurrence or completion of such events, including, but not limited to, those related to expense and claims savings, consolidations, reorganizations and technology;
•Absolute and relative performance of the Company’s products and services, including, but not limited to, the level of success achieved in designing and introducing new insurance products and services;
•Difficulties with technology, data and network security (including as a result of cyber attacks that have occurred or could occur), outsourcing relationships or cloud-based technology that could negatively impact the Company’s ability to conduct business, a heightened risk when substantial numbers of employees shift to work from home arrangements, such as the arrangements implemented for a vast majority of the Company’s employees and some business partners during the COVID-19 pandemic;
•The ability of the Company to maintain the availability and required performance of critical systems and manage technology initiatives cost-effectively to address insurance industry developments and regulatory requirements;
•Heightened competition, including, with respect to pricing, consolidations of existing competitors or entry of new competitors and alternate distribution channels, introduction of new technologies, use and enhancements of telematics, refinements of existing products and development of new products by current or future competitors;
•Expected benefits and synergies from mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and/or strategic initiatives that may not be realized to the extent anticipated, within expected time frames or at all, due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, the loss of key agents/brokers, customers or employees, increased costs, fees, expenses and related charges and delays caused by unanticipated developments or factors outside of the Company’s control;
•The successful formulation and execution of the Company’s plan with regard to corporate strategy and significant operational changes;
•Increase in competition as a result of new competitors to the property and casualty insurance industry or existence of competitors that receive substantial infusion of capital or access to third-party capital;
Factors relating to the business environment in which Kemper and its subsidiaries operate
•Changes in general economic conditions, including those related to, without limitation, performance of financial markets, interest rates, inflation, unemployment rates, significant global catastrophes such as the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent global pandemic, and fluctuating values of particular investments held by the Company;
•Absolute and relative performance of investments held by the Company;
•Changes in insurance industry trends and significant industry developments;
•Changes in consumer trends, including changes in number of miles driven by automobile insurance policyholders, and significant consumer or product developments;
•Changes in capital requirements, including the calculations thereof, used by regulators and rating agencies;
2

•Regulatory, accounting or tax changes that may affect the Company’s earnings, the cost of, or demand for, the Company’s products or services or after-tax returns from the Company’s investments;
•The impact of required participation in state windpools and joint underwriting associations, residual market assessments and assessments for insurance industry insolvencies, including the impact of COVID-19;
•Changes in distribution channels, methods or costs resulting from changes in laws or regulations, legal proceedings or market forces;
•Increasing competition and higher costs for executive talent and employees with necessary skills and industry experience;
•Increased costs and risks related to cybersecurity that could materially affect the Company’s operations including, but not limited to, data breaches, cyber attacks, virus or malware attacks, or other infiltrations or incidents affecting system integrity, availability and performance, and actions taken to minimize and remediate the risks of such events that have occurred or could occur;
Other risks and uncertainties described from time to time in Kemper’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)
Kemper cannot provide any assurances that the results and outcomes contemplated in any forward-looking statements will be achieved or will be achieved in any particular timetable or that future events or developments will not cause such statements to be inaccurate, including impacts related to COVID-19. Kemper assumes no obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statements publicly for any changes in events or developments or in the Company’s expectations or results subsequent to the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Kemper advises the reader, however, to consult any further disclosures Kemper makes on related subjects in its filings with the SEC.
3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 1 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 1
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earned Premiums (Changes in Deferred Profit Liability for the Six and Three Months Ended: 2023 - $35.7 and $16.5; 2022 - $37.7 and $17.4) |  | $ | 2,347.8 |  |  | $ | 2,657.6 |  |  | $ | 1,166.9 |  |  | $ | 1,337.6 |
Net Investment Income |  | 208.1 |  |  | 218.5 |  |  | 106.3 |  |  | 118.5 |
Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 1.5 |  |  | (21.6) |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | (4.9) |
Other Income |  | 2.9 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 0.9 |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities |  | 4.1 |  |  | (68.7) |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | (40.5) |
Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains |  | (8.0) |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | (14.4) |  |  | 11.0 |
Impairment Gains (Losses) |  | 1.2 |  |  | (13.8) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (4.9) |
Total Revenues |  | 2,557.6 |  |  | 2,787.8 |  |  | 1,262.8 |  |  | 1,417.7 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (Changes in Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits for the Six and Three Months Ended: 2023 - $2.5 and $0.6; 2022 - $20.3 and $1.7) |  | 2,036.7 |  |  | 2,274.3 |  |  | 984.7 |  |  | 1,151.1 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 535.4 |  |  | 612.5 |  |  | 266.1 |  |  | 307.7 |
Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt |  | — |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest and Other Expenses |  | 155.7 |  |  | 107.6 |  |  | 78.3 |  |  | 53.5 |
Goodwill Impairment |  | 49.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 49.6 |  |  | — |
Total Expenses |  | 2,777.4 |  |  | 2,998.1 |  |  | 1,378.7 |  |  | 1,512.3 |
Loss before Income Taxes |  | (219.8) |  |  | (210.3) |  |  | (115.9) |  |  | (94.6) |
Income Tax Benefit |  | 42.6 |  |  | 51.8 |  |  | 18.8 |  |  | 22.4 |
Net Loss |  | $ | (177.2) |  |  | $ | (158.5) |  |  | $ | (97.1) |  |  | $ | (72.2) |
Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (2.77) |  |  | $ | (2.49) |  |  | $ | (1.52) |  |  | $ | (1.13) |
Diluted |  | $ | (2.77) |  |  | $ | (2.49) |  |  | $ | (1.52) |  |  | $ | (1.13) |

1 As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
4

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Dollars in millions)
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 1 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 1
Net Loss |  | $ | (177.2) |  |  | $ | (158.5) |  |  | $ | (97.1) |  |  | $ | (72.2) |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in Net Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities with: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
No Credit Losses Recognized in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss |  | 104.0 |  |  | (1,231.7) |  |  | (83.2) |  |  | (587.1) |
Credit Losses Recognized in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 6.9 |
Change in Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs |  | (1.1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | — |
(Loss) Gain on Cash Flow Hedges |  | (0.1) |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.2) |
Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits |  | (59.2) |  |  | 1,090.0 |  |  | 50.6 |  |  | 527.7 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  | 43.5 |  |  | (136.4) |  |  | (33.4) |  |  | (52.7) |
Other Comprehensive Income Tax (Expense) Benefit |  | (9.4) |  |  | 28.6 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 11.1 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Taxes |  | 34.1 |  |  | (107.8) |  |  | (26.1) |  |  | (41.6) |
Total Comprehensive Loss |  | $ | (143.1) |  |  | $ | (266.3) |  |  | $ | (123.2) |  |  | $ | (113.8) |

1 As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
5

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022 1
Assets: |  |  |
Investments: |  |  |
Fixed Maturities at Fair Value (Amortized Cost: 2023 - $7,761.7; 2022 - $7,811.8 Allowance for Credit Losses: 2023 - $7.1; 2022 - $9.6) | $ | 6,943.8 |  |  | $ | 6,894.8 |
Equity Securities at Fair Value (Cost: 2023 - $232.4; 2022 - $247.6) | 247.0 |  |  | 243.2 |
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments | 225.1 |  |  | 217.0 |
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments | 16.8 |  |  | 16.3 |
Short-term Investments at Cost which Approximates Fair Value | 406.3 |  |  | 278.4 |
Company-Owned Life Insurance | 500.5 |  |  | 586.5 |
Loans to Policyholders | 281.6 |  |  | 283.4 |
Other Investments | 275.6 |  |  | 269.9 |
Total Investments | 8,896.7 |  |  | 8,789.5 |
Cash | 73.6 |  |  | 212.4 |
Receivables from Policyholders (Allowance for Credit Losses: 2023 - $12.0; 2022 - $13.1) | 1,246.3 |  |  | 1,286.6 |
Other Receivables | 262.0 |  |  | 262.6 |
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs | 646.2 |  |  | 635.6 |
Goodwill | 1,250.7 |  |  | 1,300.3 |
Current Income Tax Assets | 9.0 |  |  | 167.6 |
Deferred Income Tax Assets | 208.0 |  |  | 129.0 |
Other Assets | 503.8 |  |  | 530.0 |
Total Assets | $ | 13,096.3 |  |  | $ | 13,313.6 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Insurance Reserves: |  |  |
Life and Health | $ | 3,363.8 |  |  | $ | 3,276.2 |
Property and Casualty | 2,680.1 |  |  | 2,756.9 |
Total Insurance Reserves | 6,043.9 |  |  | 6,033.1 |
Unearned Premiums | 1,665.2 |  |  | 1,704.4 |
Policyholder Obligations | 700.2 |  |  | 701.3 |
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities | 786.7 |  |  | 817.3 |
Long-term Debt, Current and Non-current, at Amortized Cost (Fair Value: 2023 - $1,183.5; 2022 - $1,195.1) | 1,388.1 |  |  | 1,386.9 |
Total Liabilities | 10,584.1 |  |  | 10,643.0 |
Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Common Stock, $0.10 Par Value, 100,000,000 Shares Authorized; 64,054,430 Shares Issued and Outstanding at June 30, 2023 and 63,912,762 Shares Issued and Outstanding at December 31, 2022 | 6.4 |  |  | 6.4 |
Paid-in Capital | 1,837.6 |  |  | 1,812.7 |
Retained Earnings | 1,149.0 |  |  | 1,366.4 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | (480.8) |  |  | (514.9) |
Total Shareholders’ Equity | 2,512.2 |  |  | 2,670.6 |
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 13,096.3 |  |  | $ | 13,313.6 |

1 As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
6

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in millions)
(Unaudited)

| Six Months Ended
| Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 1
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net Loss | $ | (177.2) |  |  | $ | (158.5) |
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Loss to Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |  |  |
Net Realized Investment Losses (Gains) | 8.0 |  |  | (12.5) |
Impairment (Gains) Losses | (1.2) |  |  | 13.8 |
Depreciation and Amortization of Property, Equipment and Software | 26.2 |  |  | 26.5 |
Amortization of Intangibles Assets Acquired | 7.9 |  |  | 11.2 |
Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt | — |  |  | 3.7 |
Change in Accumulated Undistributed Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments | (1.3) |  |  | (18.3) |
(Income) Loss from Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments | (1.5) |  |  | 21.6 |
(Increase) Decrease in Value of Equity and Convertible Securities | (4.1) |  |  | 68.7 |
Goodwill Impairment | 49.6 |  |  | — |
Changes in: |  |  |
Receivables from Policyholders | 40.3 |  |  | 43.6 |
Reinsurance Recoverables | 11.6 |  |  | 0.3 |
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs | (10.6) |  |  | (2.1) |
Insurance Reserves | (47.7) |  |  | (1.8) |
Unearned Premiums | (39.2) |  |  | (44.3) |
Income Taxes | 72.6 |  |  | (46.2) |
Other Assets and Liabilities | 0.7 |  |  | 4.3 |
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | (65.9) |  |  | (90.0) |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from Sales, Calls and Maturities of Fixed Maturities | 353.0 |  |  | 564.9 |
Proceeds from the Sales or Paydowns of Investments: |  |  |
Equity Securities | 32.5 |  |  | 403.7 |
Mortgage Loans | 42.5 |  |  | 46.6 |
Other Investments | 5.1 |  |  | 36.9 |
Purchases of Investments: |  |  |
Fixed Maturities | (334.8) |  |  | (1,025.9) |
Equity Securities | (26.2) |  |  | (39.1) |
Real Estate Investments | (0.3) |  |  | (2.9) |
Company-Owned Life Insurance | — |  |  | (100.0) |
Mortgage Loans | (44.1) |  |  | (45.0) |
Other Investments | (11.6) |  |  | (4.9) |
Net (Purchases) Sales of Short-term Investments | (126.9) |  |  | 54.0 |
Acquisition of Software and Long-lived Assets | (25.4) |  |  | (23.7) |
Settlement Proceeds from Company-Owned Life Insurance | 102.2 |  |  | — |
Other | (1.1) |  |  | 2.9 |
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (35.1) |  |  | (132.5) |

1 As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
7

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(Dollars in millions)
(Unaudited)

| Six Months Ended
| Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 1
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (Carryforward from page 7) | (35.1) |  |  | (132.5) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |
Repayment of Long-term Debt | — |  |  | (280.0) |
Proceeds from Issuance of 3.800% Senior Notes due February 23, 2032 | — |  |  | 396.3 |
Issuance Fees on 3.800% Senior Notes due February 23, 2032 | — |  |  | (1.2) |
Proceeds from Issuance of 5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2062 | — |  |  | 145.6 |
Issuance Fees on 5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2062 | — |  |  | (0.9) |
Proceeds from Policyholder Contract Obligations | 114.5 |  |  | 289.6 |
Repayment of Policyholder Contract Obligations | (115.8) |  |  | (89.3) |
Proceeds from Shares Issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 2.2 |  |  | 2.5 |
Dividends Paid | (39.6) |  |  | (40.0) |
Other | 0.9 |  |  | 0.3 |
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities | (37.8) |  |  | 422.9 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash | (138.8) |  |  | 200.4 |
Cash, Beginning of Year | 212.4 |  |  | 148.2 |
Cash, End of Period | $ | 73.6 |  |  | $ | 348.6 |

1 As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
8

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
|  | Number of Shares |  | Common Stock |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022 1 |  | 63.9 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,812.7 |  |  | $ | 1,366.4 |  |  | $ | (514.9) |  |  | $ | 2,670.6 |
Net Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (177.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (177.2) |
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Taxes (Note 13) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34.1 |  |  | 34.1 |
Cash Dividends and Dividend Equivalents to Shareholders ($0.62 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (39.6) |
Shares Issued Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Note 14) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.2 |
Equity-based Compensation Cost |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22.7 |
Equity-based Awards, Net of Shares Exchanged |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.6) |
Balance, June 30, 2023 |  | 64.0 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,837.6 |  |  | $ | 1,149.0 |  |  | $ | (480.8) |  |  | $ | 2,512.2 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 1
|  | Number of Shares |  | Common Stock |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021 |  | 63.7 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,790.7 |  |  | $ | 1,734.2 |  |  | $ | (401.6) |  |  | $ | 3,129.7 |
Net Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (158.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (158.5) |
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Taxes (Note 13) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (107.8) |  |  | (107.8) |
Cash Dividends and Dividend Equivalents to Shareholders ($0.62 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (40.2) |
Shares Issued Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Note 14) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.5 |
Equity-based Compensation Cost |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20.2 |
Equity-based Awards, Net of Shares Exchanged |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.8) |
Balance, June 30, 2022 |  | 63.8 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,812.5 |  |  | $ | 1,534.6 |  |  | $ | (509.4) |  |  | $ | 2,844.1 |

1 As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
9

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (continued)
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
|  | Number of Shares |  | Common Stock |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  | 64.0 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,828.9 |  |  | $ | 1,266.3 |  |  | $ | (454.7) |  |  | $ | 2,646.9 |
Net Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (97.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (97.1) |
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Taxes (Note 13) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26.1) |  |  | (26.1) |
Cash Dividends and Dividend Equivalents to Shareholders ($0.31 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (20.2) |
Shares Issued Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Note 14) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |
Equity-based Compensation Cost |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.1 |
Equity-based Awards, Net of Shares Exchanged |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |
Balance, June 30, 2023 |  | 64.0 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,837.6 |  |  | $ | 1,149.0 |  |  | $ | (480.8) |  |  | $ | 2,512.2 |

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 1
|  | Number of Shares |  | Common Stock |  | Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, March 31, 2022 |  | 63.8 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,803.1 |  |  | $ | 1,627.5 |  |  | $ | (467.8) |  |  | $ | 2,969.2 |
Net Loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (72.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (72.2) |
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Taxes (Note 13) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (41.6) |  |  | (41.6) |
Cash Dividends and Dividend Equivalents to Shareholders ($0.31 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (20.6) |
Shares Issued Under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Note 14) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |
Equity-based Compensation Cost |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8.3 |
Equity-based Awards, Net of Shares Exchanged |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |
Balance, June 30, 2022 |  | 63.8 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 1,812.5 |  |  | $ | 1,534.6 |  |  | $ | (509.4) |  |  | $ | 2,844.1 |

1 As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2018-12 using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been recasted to reflect application of the new guidance. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
10

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies
The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Kemper Corporation (“Kemper”) and its subsidiaries which include property and casualty subsidiaries, life subsidiaries, and a health subsidiary through the date of its sale of December 1, 2022 (collectively referred to herein as the “Company”).
The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) on a basis consistent with reporting interim financial information pursuant to the rules and regulations for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC and include the accounts of Kemper Corporation and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Certain financial information that is included in the annual financial statements, including certain financial statement footnote disclosures, prepared in accordance with GAAP is not required by the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting and has been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements requires significant management estimates. Due to this factor and other factors, such as the seasonal nature of some portions of the insurance business, annualizing the results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 would not necessarily be indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Kemper’s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2022, except for Note 7 “Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits”, Note 8 “Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs”, Note 13 ”Other Comprehensive Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss” and Note 16 “Policyholder Obligations”, which were impacted due to the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-12 Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.
Adoption of New Accounting Guidance
The Company has adopted all recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates prior to June 30, 2023. Other than discussed below, there were no adoptions of accounting pronouncements during the six months ended June 30, 2023 that had a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Guidance Adopted in 2023
The Company adopted ASU 2018-12 for the liability for future policyholder benefits and deferred acquisition costs on a modified retrospective basis as of January 1, 2023, such that those balances were adjusted to conform to ASU 2018-12 on January 1, 2021.
The new standard requires cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policyholder benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited pay long-duration contracts be reviewed at least annually, and if there is a change, updated with the recognition and remeasurement recorded in net income. It also requires the discount rate used in measuring the liability to be an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield, which is to be updated at each reporting period, and recognized in other comprehensive income. ASU 2018-12 simplifies the amortization of deferred acquisition costs to a constant level basis over the expected term of the contract, requires all market risk benefits to be measured at fair value, and enhances certain presentation and disclosure requirements, as discussed in Note 7 and Note 8.
As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-12, beginning retained earnings was reduced by $25.1 million and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) reduced by $1,030.3 million as of January 1, 2021.
The table below presents the transition adjustment for the adoption of ASU 2018-12:

|  | Pre-Adoption Balance 12/31/2020 |  | Adjustments to AOCI |  | Adjustments to Retained Earnings |  | Post- Adoption Balance 1/1/2021
Retained Earnings |  | $ | 2,071.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (25.1) |  |  | $ | 2,046.1 |
AOCI |  | $ | 680.5 |  |  | (1,030.3) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (349.8) |

11

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (Continued)
For the liability for future policyholder benefits, the net transition adjustment is related to the difference in the historical discount rates used pre-transition and the discount rate at December 31, 2020. At transition, there were no adjustments related to premium deficiencies, as the balance is only applicable to Kemper’s universal life contracts which are stated at account value.
The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Loss for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were as follows:

|  | Prior to Adoption |  | Effect of Adoption |  | Post- Adoption Balance
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 2,692.3 |  |  | (34.7) |  |  | $ | 2,657.6 |
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses |  | $ | 2,323.7 |  |  | (49.4) |  |  | $ | 2,274.3 |
Insurance Expenses |  | $ | 611.7 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 612.5 |
Income Tax Benefit |  | $ | 54.7 |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | $ | 51.8 |
Net Loss |  | $ | (169.5) |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | $ | (158.5) |
Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (2.66) |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | (2.49) |
Diluted |  | $ | (2.66) |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | (2.49) |

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Loss for the three months ended June 30, 2022 were as follows:

|  | Prior to Adoption |  | Effect of Adoption |  | Post- Adoption Balance
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 1,353.7 |  |  | (16.1) |  |  | $ | 1,337.6 |
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses |  | $ | 1,170.3 |  |  | (19.2) |  |  | $ | 1,151.1 |
Insurance Expenses |  | $ | 307.7 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 307.7 |
Income Tax Benefit |  | $ | 23.0 |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | $ | 22.4 |
Net Loss |  | $ | (74.7) |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | $ | (72.2) |
Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (1.17) |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (1.13) |
Diluted |  | $ | (1.17) |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | (1.13) |

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:

|  | Prior to Adoption |  | Effect of Adoption |  | Post- Adoption Balance
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs |  | $ | 625.6 |  |  | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 635.6 |
Deferred Income Tax Assets |  | $ | 189.4 |  |  | (60.4) |  |  | $ | 129.0 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 13,364.0 |  |  | (50.4) |  |  | $ | 13,313.6 |
Life and Health Insurance Reserves |  | $ | 3,554.0 |  |  | (277.8) |  |  | $ | 3,276.2 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 10,920.8 |  |  | (277.8) |  |  | $ | 10,643.0 |
Retained Earnings |  | $ | 1,380.1 |  |  | (13.7) |  |  | $ | 1,366.4 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | $ | (756.0) |  |  | 241.1 |  |  | $ | (514.9) |
Total Shareholders’ Equity |  | $ | 2,443.2 |  |  | 227.4 |  |  | $ | 2,670.6 |

12

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (Continued)
The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were as follows:

|  | Prior to Adoption |  | Effect of Adoption |  | Post- Adoption Balance
Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits |  | $ | — |  |  | 1,090.0 |  |  | $ | 1,090.0 |
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Income Taxes |  | $ | (1,226.4) |  |  | 1,090.0 |  |  | $ | (136.4) |
Other Comprehensive Income Tax Benefit |  | $ | 257.5 |  |  | (228.9) |  |  | $ | 28.6 |
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Taxes |  | $ | (968.9) |  |  | 861.1 |  |  | $ | (107.8) |
Total Comprehensive Loss |  | $ | (1,138.4) |  |  | 872.1 |  |  | $ | (266.3) |

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended June 30, 2022 were as follows:

|  | Prior to Adoption |  | Effect of Adoption |  | Post- Adoption Balance
Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits |  | $ | — |  |  | 527.7 |  |  | $ | 527.7 |
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Income Taxes |  | $ | (580.4) |  |  | 527.7 |  |  | $ | (52.7) |
Other Comprehensive Income Tax Benefit |  | $ | 121.9 |  |  | (110.8) |  |  | $ | 11.1 |
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Taxes |  | $ | (458.5) |  |  | 416.9 |  |  | $ | (41.6) |
Total Comprehensive Loss |  | $ | (533.2) |  |  | 419.4 |  |  | $ | (113.8) |

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 were as follows:

|  | Prior to Adoption |  | Effect of Adoption |  | Post- Adoption Balance
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Loss |  | $ | (169.5) |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | $ | (158.5) |
Change in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs |  | $ | (2.9) |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | $ | (2.1) |
Change in Insurance Reserves |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | (14.7) |  |  | $ | (1.8) |
Change in Income Taxes |  | $ | (49.1) |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | $ | (46.2) |
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |  | $ | (90.0) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (90.0) |

Guidance Not Yet Adopted
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-02 Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, which expands the use of the proportional amortization method of accounting to equity investments in other tax credit structures that meet certain criteria. The proportional amortization method results in the tax credit investment being amortized in proportion to the allocation of tax credits and other tax benefits in each period, and a net presentation within the income tax line item. ASU 2023-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its financial statements.
Significant Accounting Policies Related to ASU 2018-12
The below outlines those significant accounting policies related to ASU 2018-12 that were effective January 1, 2023.
Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits
A liability for future policyholder benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and certain related expenses, less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued as premium revenue is recognized. The liability is estimated using current assumptions that
13

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (Continued)
include discount rate, mortality, lapses and expenses. These current assumptions are based on judgments that consider the Company’s historical experience, industry data, and other factors.
The liability is adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. The Company reviews and updates its estimate of cash flows expected over the lifetime of a group of contracts using actual historical experience quarterly and current future cash flow assumptions at least annually to calculate its revised net premium ratio. The revised net premium ratios are then used to calculate an updated liability for future policyholder benefits for the current reporting period, discounted at the original contract issuance discount rate. The Company has elected to use expense assumptions that are locked in at contract inception and are not subsequently reviewed or updated. Resulting changes in the liability due to differences in actual versus expected experience, changes in current cash flow assumptions, and prefunding and payout of benefits compared to the carrying amount of the liability as of that same date are recorded as a separate component of benefit expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.
The current discount rate assumption is an equivalent spot rate curve of annually compounded rates at monthly increments that is derived based on A-credit rated fixed-income instruments reflecting the duration characteristics of the liability. The Company utilizes published corporate yield curves from Bloomberg’s BVAL Investment Grade Corporate Sector curve. The current
discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the maximum observable point on the yield curve, the yield grades to an ultimate forward rate.
Deferred Profit Liability
For limited-payment products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). Gross premiums are measured using assumptions consistent with those used in the measurement of the liability for future policyholder benefits, including discount rate, mortality, lapses, and expenses.
The DPL is amortized and recognized as premium revenue in proportion to insurance in force for nonparticipating limited-payment contracts. Interest is accreted on the balance of the DPL using the discount rate determined at contract issuance. The Company reviews and updates its estimates of cash flows for the DPL at the same time as the estimates of cash flows for the liability for future policyholder benefits. When cash flows are updated, the updated estimates are used to recalculate the DPL at contract issuance. The recalculated DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period is compared to the carrying amount of the DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period, and any difference is recognized as either an increase or decrease to Earned Premiums.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred costs are grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability. These deferred costs are amortized on a constant level basis for grouped contracts over the expected term of the related contracts to approximate straight-line amortization. The expected term of the contract used for amortization is determined using mortality and termination assumptions that are based on the Company’s experience, industry data, and other factors and are consistent with those used for the liability for future policyholder benefits. If those projected assumptions change in future periods, they will be reflected in the straight-line amortization horizon at that time. Unexpected terminations, due to higher mortality and termination experience than expected, are recognized in the current period as a reduction of the capitalized balances. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs is included in Insurance Expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.
Note 2 - Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share
The Company’s awards of deferred stock units granted to Kemper’s non-employee directors prior to 2019 contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents and participate in the undistributed earnings with common shareholders. Accordingly, the Company is required to apply the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings per share.
14

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 2 - Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share (Continued)
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of Basic Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share and Diluted Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions, except per share amounts) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Loss |  | $ | (177.2) |  |  | $ | (158.5) |  |  | $ | (97.1) |  |  | $ | (72.2) |
Less: Net Loss Attributed to Participating Awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net Loss Attributed to Unrestricted Shares |  | (177.2) |  |  | (158.5) |  |  | (97.1) |  |  | (72.2) |
Dilutive Effect on Income of Equity-based Compensation Equivalent Shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Diluted Net Loss Attributed to Unrestricted Shares |  | $ | (177.2) |  |  | $ | (158.5) |  |  | $ | (97.1) |  |  | $ | (72.2) |
(Number of Shares in Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average Unrestricted Shares Outstanding |  | 63,977.7 |  |  | 63,779.9 |  |  | 64,008.5 |  |  | 63,815.6 |
Equity-based Compensation Equivalent Shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Weighted-average Unrestricted Shares and Equivalent Shares Outstanding Assuming Dilution |  | 63,977.7 |  |  | 63,779.9 |  |  | 64,008.5 |  |  | 63,815.6 |
(Per Unrestricted Share in Whole Dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share |  | $ | (2.77) |  |  | $ | (2.49) |  |  | $ | (1.52) |  |  | $ | (1.13) |
Diluted Net Loss Per Unrestricted Share |  | $ | (2.77) |  |  | $ | (2.49) |  |  | $ | (1.52) |  |  | $ | (1.13) |

Note 3 - Goodwill
During the second quarter of 2023, the Company identified impairment indicators impacting the fair value of the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance reportable segment in connection with ongoing evaluation of strategic alternatives for the Preferred Insurance business. As a result, the fair value of the reportable segment was determined using a combination of available market information, market comparisons and a discounted cash flow valuation method based on the present value of future earnings. The fair value calculated in the second quarter of 2023 was lower than the carrying value of the reportable segment, resulting in a pre-tax impairment charge of $49.6 million and an after-tax impairment charge of $45.5 million related to the reportable segment. A substantial portion of the goodwill that was impaired was not tax deductible. The goodwill impairment charge is reported separately in the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, with a corresponding reduction to goodwill in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2023.
Note 4 - Dispositions
Disposition of Reserve National Insurance Company
In July 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell Reserve National Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Reserve National”) to Medical Mutual of Ohio, for approximately $90.0 million in total consideration. The sale closed on December 1, 2022 and a loss of $1.6 million, net of income tax, was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022. Subsequent adjustments to this purchase price could occur pursuant to the definitive agreement but
are not expected to be material. The Company reported Reserve National’s results of operations in the Life & Health Insurance segment through December 1, 2022.
Note 5 - Business Segments
The Company is engaged, through its subsidiaries, in the property and casualty insurance and life insurance businesses. The Company conducts its operations through three operating segments: Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance, Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance, and Life & Health Insurance.
The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s principal products are specialty automobile insurance and commercial automobile insurance. The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s principal products are preferred automobile insurance, homeowners insurance and other personal insurance. These products are distributed primarily through independent agents and brokers. The Life & Health Insurance segment’s principal products are individual life, accident, supplemental health and property insurance. These products are distributed by career agents employed by the Company.
15

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 5 - Business Segments (Continued)
Earned Premiums by product line for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal Automobile |  | $ | 1,554.5 |  |  | $ | 1,807.5 |  |  | $ | 766.6 |  |  | $ | 905.8 |
Commercial Automobile |  | 322.0 |  |  | 257.8 |  |  | 165.7 |  |  | 137.9 |
Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Automobile |  | 153.9 |  |  | 190.0 |  |  | 75.7 |  |  | 94.0 |
Homeowners |  | 102.2 |  |  | 99.0 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  | 47.7 |
Other Personal Lines |  | 13.7 |  |  | 16.5 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | 8.2 |
Life & Health Insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Life |  | 167.0 |  |  | 169.5 |  |  | 84.8 |  |  | 86.8 |
Accident and Health |  | 11.7 |  |  | 90.9 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 45.1 |
Property |  | 22.8 |  |  | 26.4 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | 12.1 |
Total Earned Premiums |  | $ | 2,347.8 |  |  | $ | 2,657.6 |  |  | $ | 1,166.9 |  |  | $ | 1,337.6 |

16

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 5 - Business Segments (Continued)
Segment Revenues, including a reconciliation to Total Revenues, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Segment Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 1,876.5 |  |  | $ | 2,065.3 |  |  | $ | 932.3 |  |  | $ | 1,043.7 |
Net Investment Income |  | 83.0 |  |  | 68.9 |  |  | 44.5 |  |  | 34.0 |
Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 0.8 |  |  | (10.9) |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (2.5) |
Other Income |  | 1.6 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 1.0 |
Total Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance |  | 1,961.9 |  |  | 2,126.0 |  |  | 977.9 |  |  | 1,076.2 |
Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earned Premiums |  | 269.8 |  |  | 305.5 |  |  | 132.4 |  |  | 149.9 |
Net Investment Income |  | 23.6 |  |  | 24.4 |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | 11.9 |
Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 0.3 |  |  | (5.0) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1.1) |
Total Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance |  | 293.7 |  |  | 324.9 |  |  | 145.7 |  |  | 160.7 |
Life & Health Insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earned Premiums |  | 201.5 |  |  | 286.8 |  |  | 102.2 |  |  | 144.0 |
Net Investment Income |  | 96.9 |  |  | 111.3 |  |  | 47.1 |  |  | 61.9 |
Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 0.4 |  |  | (5.7) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1.3) |
Other (Loss) Income |  | (0.3) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.8) |
Total Life & Health Insurance |  | 298.5 |  |  | 391.6 |  |  | 149.6 |  |  | 203.8 |
Total Segment Revenues |  | 2,554.1 |  |  | 2,842.5 |  |  | 1,273.2 |  |  | 1,440.7 |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities |  | 4.1 |  |  | (68.7) |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | (40.5) |
Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains |  | (8.0) |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | (14.4) |  |  | 11.0 |
Net Impairment Gains (Losses) Recognized in Earnings |  | 1.2 |  |  | (13.8) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (4.9) |
Other |  | 6.2 |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 11.4 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 2,557.6 |  |  | $ | 2,787.8 |  |  | $ | 1,262.8 |  |  | $ | 1,417.7 |

17

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 5 - Business Segments (Continued)
Segment Operating (Loss) Income, including a reconciliation to Loss before Income Taxes, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Segment Operating (Loss) Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance |  | $ | (89.7) |  |  | $ | (111.2) |  |  | $ | (15.0) |  |  | $ | (51.0) |
Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance |  | (15.9) |  |  | (31.1) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (21.6) |
Life & Health Insurance |  | 24.9 |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | 23.9 |
Total Segment Operating Loss |  | (80.7) |  |  | (106.4) |  |  | (8.6) |  |  | (48.7) |
Corporate and Other Operating Loss From: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | (28.2) |  |  | (15.6) |  |  | (15.3) |  |  | (1.6) |
Corporate and Other Operating Loss |  | (28.2) |  |  | (15.6) |  |  | (15.3) |  |  | (1.6) |
Adjusted Consolidated Operating Loss |  | (108.9) |  |  | (122.0) |  |  | (23.9) |  |  | (50.3) |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities |  | 4.1 |  |  | (68.7) |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | (40.5) |
Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains |  | (8.0) |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | (14.4) |  |  | 11.0 |
Impairment Gains (Losses) |  | 1.2 |  |  | (13.8) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (4.9) |
Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs |  | (58.6) |  |  | (14.6) |  |  | (29.5) |  |  | (9.9) |
Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt |  | — |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Goodwill Impairment Charge |  | (49.6) |  |  | — |  |  | (49.6) |  |  | — |
Loss before Income Taxes |  | $ | (219.8) |  |  | $ | (210.3) |  |  | $ | (115.9) |  |  | $ | (94.6) |

18

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 5 - Business Segments (Continued)
Segment Net Operating Loss, including a reconciliation to Net Loss, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions and Net of Income Taxes) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Segment Net Operating (Loss) Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance |  | $ | (69.2) |  |  | $ | (83.6) |  |  | $ | (10.8) |  |  | $ | (38.9) |
Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance |  | (12.2) |  |  | (22.9) |  |  | (2.7) |  |  | (16.8) |
Life & Health Insurance |  | 22.1 |  |  | 31.8 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 20.2 |
Total Segment Net Operating Loss |  | (59.3) |  |  | (74.7) |  |  | (4.6) |  |  | (35.5) |
Corporate and Other Net Operating Loss From: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | (22.8) |  |  | (14.1) |  |  | (12.3) |  |  | (1.7) |
Total Corporate and Other Net Operating Loss |  | (22.8) |  |  | (14.1) |  |  | (12.3) |  |  | (1.7) |
Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss |  | (82.1) |  |  | (88.8) |  |  | (16.9) |  |  | (37.2) |
Net Income (Loss) From: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities |  | 3.2 |  |  | (54.3) |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | (32.0) |
Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains |  | (7.4) |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | (12.5) |  |  | 8.7 |
Impairment Gains (Losses) |  | 0.9 |  |  | (10.9) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (3.9) |
Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs |  | (46.3) |  |  | (11.5) |  |  | (23.3) |  |  | (7.8) |
Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt |  | — |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Goodwill Impairment Charge |  | (45.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (45.5) |  |  | — |
Net Loss |  | $ | (177.2) |  |  | $ | (158.5) |  |  | $ | (97.1) |  |  | $ | (72.2) |

Note 6 - Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves
Property and casualty insurance reserve activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was:

|  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves: |  |  |  |
Gross of Reinsurance at Beginning of Year |  | $ | 2,756.9 |  |  | $ | 2,772.7 |
Less Reinsurance Recoverables at Beginning of Year |  | 39.6 |  |  | 41.9 |
Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves, Net of Reinsurance at Beginning of Year |  | 2,717.3 |  |  | 2,730.8 |
Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (“ LAE”) Related to: |  |  |  |
Current Year |  | 1,837.5 |  |  | 2,116.5 |
Prior Years |  | 67.9 |  |  | (15.6) |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | 1,905.4 |  |  | 2,100.9 |
Paid Losses and LAE Related to: |  |  |  |
Current Year |  | 864.1 |  |  | 1,032.9 |
Prior Years |  | 1,107.5 |  |  | 1,080.2 |
Total Paid Losses and LAE |  | 1,971.6 |  |  | 2,113.1 |
Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves, Net of Reinsurance at End of Period |  | 2,651.1 |  |  | 2,718.6 |
Plus Reinsurance Recoverables at End of Period |  | 29.0 |  |  | 39.8 |
Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves - Gross of Reinsurance at End of Period |  | $ | 2,680.1 |  |  | $ | 2,758.4 |

19

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 6 - Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves (Continued)
Property and casualty insurance reserves are estimated based on historical experience patterns and current economic trends. Actual loss experience and loss trends are likely to differ from these historical experience patterns and economic conditions. Loss experience and loss trends emerge over several years from the dates of loss inception. The Company monitors such emerging loss trends on a quarterly basis. Changes in such estimates are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss in the period of change.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company increased its property and casualty insurance reserves by $67.9 million to recognize adverse development of loss and LAE reserves from prior accident years. Specialty personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $40.0 million due primarily to higher than expected emergence in loss patterns related to third and fourth accident quarters of 2022 within the bodily injury and physical damage coverages. Commercial automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $15.2 million due to higher than expected emergence in loss patterns related to 2021 and 2022 bodily injury coverages. Preferred personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $7.8 million due to higher than expected emergence in loss patterns related to the third and fourth accident quarters of 2022 within the bodily injury and physical damage coverages. Homeowners loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $4.0 million. Other lines loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $0.9 million.
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company decreased its property and casualty insurance reserves by $15.6 million to recognize favorable development of loss and LAE reserves from prior accident years. Specialty personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $25.0 million due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected for liability and physical damage insurance. Commercial automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $7.4 million due primarily to the emergence of more adverse loss patterns than expected for liability insurance. Preferred personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $1.6 million due primarily to the emergence of more adverse loss patterns than expected for liability insurance. Homeowners loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $5.3 million due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected. Other lines loss and LAE reserves developed adversely by $5.8 million due primarily to the emergence of more adverse loss patterns than expected for prior accident years.
The Company cannot predict whether loss and LAE reserves will develop favorably or adversely from the amounts reported in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes that any such development will not have a material effect on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity, but could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial results for a given period.
Receivables from Policyholders - Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
The following table presents receivables from policyholders, net of the allowance for expected credit losses including a roll forward of changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Receivables from Policyholders, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
Balance at Beginning of Year |  | $ | 1,286.6 |  |  | $ | 13.1 |
Provision for Expected Credit Losses |  |  |  | 21.5 |
Write-offs of Uncollectible Receivables from Policyholders |  |  |  | (22.6) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 1,246.3 |  |  | $ | 12.0 |

20

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 6 - Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves (Continued)
The following table presents receivables from policyholders, net of the allowance for expected credit losses including a roll forward of changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Receivables from Policyholders, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
Balance at Beginning of Year |  | $ | 1,418.7 |  |  | $ | 13.6 |
Provision for Expected Credit Losses |  |  |  | 26.7 |
Write-offs of Uncollectible Receivables from Policyholders |  |  |  | (27.6) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 1,375.1 |  |  | $ | 12.7 |

21

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 7 - Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits
The following tables summarize balances and changes in the present value of expected net premiums, present value of expected future policyholder benefits and net liability for future policyholder benefits as of and for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums | Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 688.6 |  |  | $ | 669.0 |  |  | $ | 722.4 |  |  | $ | 661.0 |
Beginning Balance at Original Discount Rate | $ | 728.9 |  |  | $ | 599.8 |  |  | $ | 744.5 |  |  | $ | 637.9 |
Effect of Changes in Cash Flow Assumptions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effect of Actual Variances from Expected Experience | (12.3) |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | (13.0) |  |  | 1.0 |
Adjusted Beginning of Period Balance | 716.6 |  |  | 613.3 |  |  | 731.5 |  |  | 638.9 |
Issuances | 61.9 |  |  | 79.4 |  |  | 30.1 |  |  | 37.8 |
Interest Accrual | 14.5 |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | 5.3 |
Net Premiums Collected | (47.9) |  |  | (42.8) |  |  | (24.0) |  |  | (21.7) |
Ending Balance at Original Discount Rate | 745.1 |  |  | 660.3 |  |  | 745.1 |  |  | 660.3 |
Effect of Changes in Discount Rate Assumptions | (33.4) |  |  | (13.9) |  |  | (33.4) |  |  | (13.9) |
Balance, End of Period | $ | 711.7 |  |  | $ | 646.4 |  |  | $ | 711.7 |  |  | $ | 646.4 |
Present Value of Expected Future Policyholder Benefits | Balance, Beginning of Period | $ | 3,561.0 |  |  | $ | 4,933.1 |  |  | $ | 3,699.5 |  |  | $ | 4,348.7 |
Beginning Balance at Original Discount Rate | $ | 3,906.2 |  |  | $ | 3,788.1 |  |  | $ | 3,916.9 |  |  | $ | 3,812.2 |
Effect of Changes in Cash Flow Assumptions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effect of Actual Variances From Expected Experience | (13.2) |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | (13.5) |  |  | 2.6 |
Adjusted Beginning of Period Balance | 3,893.0 |  |  | 3,803.4 |  |  | 3,903.4 |  |  | 3,814.8 |
Issuances | 61.9 |  |  | 79.5 |  |  | 30.1 |  |  | 37.9 |
Interest Accrual | 85.2 |  |  | 81.4 |  |  | 42.8 |  |  | 40.6 |
Benefit Payments | (125.0) |  |  | (136.7) |  |  | (61.2) |  |  | (65.7) |
Ending Balance at Original Discount Rate | 3,915.1 |  |  | 3,827.6 |  |  | 3,915.1 |  |  | 3,827.6 |
Effect of Changes in Discount Rate Assumptions | (279.2) |  |  | (28.2) |  |  | (279.2) |  |  | (28.2) |
Balance, End of Period | $ | 3,635.9 |  |  | $ | 3,799.4 |  |  | $ | 3,635.9 |  |  | $ | 3,799.4 |
| Net Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits | $ | 2,924.2 |  |  | $ | 3,153.0 |  |  | $ | 2,924.2 |  |  | $ | 3,153.0 |
| Less: Reinsurance Recoverable | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Net Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits, After Reinsurance Recoverable | $ | 2,924.2 |  |  | $ | 3,153.0 |  |  | $ | 2,924.2 |  |  | $ | 3,153.0 |

The weighted-average liability duration of the liability for future policyholder benefits as calculated under current rates is as follows:

| Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Weighted-Average Liability Duration of the Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits (Years) | 15.0 |  | 15.6

22

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 7 - Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits (Continued)
The reconciliation of the net liability for future policyholder benefits to Life and Health Insurance Reserves in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

| Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Liability for Future Policyholder Benefits | 2,924.2 |  |  | 3,153.0 |
Deferred Profit Liability | 288.8 |  |  | 230.9 |
Other 1 | 150.8 |  |  | 201.3 |
Total Life and Health Insurance Reserves | $ | 3,363.8 |  |  | $ | 3,585.2 |

1 Other primarily consists of Accident and Health and Universal Life reserves
The amounts of expected undiscounted future benefit payments, expected undiscounted future gross premiums and expected discounted future gross premiums, were as follows:

| Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Expected Future Benefit Payments, undiscounted | $ | 10,170.1 |  |  | $ | 9,573.5 |
Expected Future Gross Premiums, undiscounted | $ | 4,436.6 |  |  | $ | 3,820.0 |
Expected Future Gross Premiums, discounted | $ | 2,860.4 |  |  | $ | 2,740.2 |

The amount of revenue and interest recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss is as follows:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Gross Premiums or Assessments |  | $ | 202.3 |  |  | $ | 196.4 |  |  | $ | 98.5 |  |  | $ | 95.0 |
Interest Expense |  | $ | 70.7 |  |  | $ | 71.1 |  |  | $ | 35.3 |  |  | $ | 35.5 |

The weighted-average interest rate is as follows:

| Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Interest Accretion Rate | 4.54 | % |  | 4.60 | %
Current Discount Rate | 5.17 | % |  | 4.70 | %

Significant assumption inputs to the calculation of the liability for future policyholder benefits include mortality, lapses, and discount rates (both accretion and current). The Company reviewed all significant assumptions and did not make any changes to mortality and lapse assumptions. Market data that underlies current discount rates was updated from March 31, 2023.
Note 8 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
The following table presents the balances and changes in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs for the Property and Casualty and Life and Health and business for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
|  | Property and Casualty |  | Life and Health |  | Total |  | Property and Casualty |  | Life and Health |  | Total
Balance, Beginning of Year |  | $ | 231.1 |  |  | $ | 404.5 |  |  | $ | 635.6 |  |  | $ | 268.7 |  |  | $ | 419.3 |  |  | $ | 688.0 |
Capitalizations |  | 294.6 |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | 322.3 |  |  | 330.0 |  |  | 33.0 |  |  | 363.0 |
Amortization Expense |  | (295.7) |  |  | (9.7) |  |  | (305.4) |  |  | (343.8) |  |  | (14.7) |  |  | (358.5) |
Experience Adjustment |  | — |  |  | (6.3) |  |  | (6.3) |  |  | — |  |  | (2.4) |  |  | (2.4) |
Balance, End of Period |  | $ | 230.0 |  |  | $ | 416.2 |  |  | $ | 646.2 |  |  | $ | 254.9 |  |  | $ | 435.2 |  |  | $ | 690.1 |

23

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 8 - Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Continued)
Costs directly associated with the successful acquisition of business, principally commissions and certain premium taxes and policy issuance costs, are deferred. Costs deferred on property and casualty insurance contracts are amortized over the period in which premiums are earned. Costs deferred on traditional life insurance products and other long-duration insurance contracts are amortized on a constant level basis over the expected life of the contracts in accordance with the assumptions used to estimate the liability for future policyholder benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited-payment contracts. The underlying assumptions for deferred policy acquisition costs and the liability for future policyholder benefits were updated concurrently.
In the second quarter of 2023, the Company did not make any changes to future assumptions.
Note 9 - Investments
Fixed Maturities
The amortized cost and fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2023 were:

|  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Fair Value
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Gains |  | Losses
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities |  | $ | 627.8 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | (83.7) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 545.5 |
States and Political Subdivisions |  | 1,646.8 |  |  | 21.9 |  |  | (207.3) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 1,461.0 |
Foreign Governments |  | 4.8 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |
Corporate Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds and Notes |  | 4,083.2 |  |  | 22.5 |  |  | (465.6) |  |  | (6.7) |  |  | 3,633.4 |
Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  | 9.0 |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | — |  |  | 7.9 |
Collateralized Loan Obligations |  | 1,032.7 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (45.9) |  |  | — |  |  | 987.2 |
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed |  | 357.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (52.8) |  |  | — |  |  | 304.8 |
Investments in Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 7,761.7 |  |  | $ | 46.4 |  |  | $ | (857.2) |  |  | $ | (7.1) |  |  | $ | 6,943.8 |

The amortized cost and fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2022 were:

|  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Fair Value
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Gains |  | Losses |  |
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities |  | $ | 612.5 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | (85.8) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 528.0 |
States and Political Subdivisions |  | 1,797.6 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | (238.3) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | 1,568.9 |
Foreign Governments |  | 5.0 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | — |  |  | 4.1 |
Corporate Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds and Notes |  | 4,030.3 |  |  | 17.7 |  |  | (499.7) |  |  | (8.9) |  |  | 3,539.4 |
Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  | 9.0 |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  | 8.0 |
Collateralized Loan Obligations |  | 1,014.7 |  |  | — |  |  | (60.8) |  |  | — |  |  | 953.9 |
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed |  | 342.7 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (50.3) |  |  | — |  |  | 292.5 |
Investments in Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 7,811.8 |  |  | $ | 29.4 |  |  | $ | (936.8) |  |  | $ | (9.6) |  |  | $ | 6,894.8 |

Other Receivables included $12.5 million and $5.8 million of unsettled sales of Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities included unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities of $2.7 million and $25.9 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
24

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 9 - Investments (Continued)
The amortized cost and fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2023 by contractual maturity were:

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in One Year or Less |  | $ | 196.0 |  |  | $ | 187.3 |
Due after One Year to Five Years |  | 918.7 |  |  | 879.2 |
Due after Five Years to Ten Years |  | 1,111.6 |  |  | 960.4 |
Due after Ten Years |  | 3,664.7 |  |  | 3,217.4 |
Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date |  | 1,870.7 |  |  | 1,699.5 |
Investments in Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 7,761.7 |  |  | $ | 6,943.8 |

The expected maturities of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Investments in Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date at June 30, 2023 consisted of securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $248.1 million, securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $94.1 million, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $65.4 million, and securities issued by other non-governmental issuers with a fair value of $1,291.9 million.
An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2023 is presented below.

|  | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities |  | $ | 127.6 |  |  | $ | (5.0) |  |  | $ | 365.3 |  |  | $ | (78.7) |  |  | $ | 492.9 |  |  | $ | (83.7) |
States and Political Subdivisions |  | 235.1 |  |  | (8.6) |  |  | 843.1 |  |  | (198.7) |  |  | 1,078.2 |  |  | (207.3) |
Foreign Governments |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | (0.8) |
Corporate Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds and Notes |  | 1,163.4 |  |  | (59.3) |  |  | 2,045.4 |  |  | (406.3) |  |  | 3,208.8 |  |  | (465.6) |
Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | (1.1) |
Collateralized Loan Obligations |  | 47.4 |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | 884.1 |  |  | (45.3) |  |  | 931.5 |  |  | (45.9) |
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed |  | 22.7 |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | 277.9 |  |  | (52.5) |  |  | 300.6 |  |  | (52.8) |
Total Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 1,597.1 |  |  | $ | (73.8) |  |  | $ | 4,425.6 |  |  | $ | (783.4) |  |  | $ | 6,022.7 |  |  | $ | (857.2) |

Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $827.1 million and below-investment-grade Fixed Maturity Investments comprised $30.1 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at June 30, 2023. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 9.5% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.
25

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 9 - Investments (Continued)
An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2022 is presented below.

|  | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities |  | $ | 337.3 |  |  | $ | (49.3) |  |  | $ | 126.5 |  |  | $ | (36.5) |  |  | $ | 463.8 |  |  | $ | (85.8) |
States and Political Subdivisions |  | 854.7 |  |  | (140.6) |  |  | 276.8 |  |  | (97.7) |  |  | 1,131.5 |  |  | (238.3) |
Foreign Governments |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | (0.9) |
Corporate Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds and Notes |  | 2,730.6 |  |  | (373.9) |  |  | 424.4 |  |  | (125.8) |  |  | 3,155.0 |  |  | (499.7) |
Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  | 7.7 |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | (1.0) |
Collateralized Loan Obligations |  | 568.2 |  |  | (34.2) |  |  | 373.9 |  |  | (26.6) |  |  | 942.1 |  |  | (60.8) |
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed |  | 205.4 |  |  | (28.9) |  |  | 79.5 |  |  | (21.4) |  |  | 284.9 |  |  | (50.3) |
Total Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 4,704.0 |  |  | $ | (627.9) |  |  | $ | 1,283.7 |  |  | $ | (308.9) |  |  | $ | 5,987.7 |  |  | $ | (936.8) |

Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $904.0 million and below-investment-grade Fixed Maturity Investments comprised $32.8 million of the unrealized losses on Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2022. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 11% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.
Fixed Maturities - Expected Credit Losses
The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for six months ended June 30, 2023.

|  | States and Political Subdivisions |  |  |  | Corporate Bonds and Notes |  |  |  | Total
(Dollars in Millions)
Beginning of the Year |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9.6 |
Additions for Securities for which No Previous Expected Credit Losses were Recognized |  | — |  |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  | 0.7 |
Reduction Due to Sales |  | — |  |  |  |  | (1.9) |  |  |  |  | (1.9) |
Net Decrease in Allowance on Securities for which Expected Credit Losses were Previously Recognized |  | — |  |  |  |  | (1.0) |  |  |  |  | (1.0) |
Write-offs Charged Against Allowance |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |
End of the Period |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.1 |

26

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 9 - Investments (Continued)
The following table sets forth the change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

|  |  |  |  |  | Corporate Bonds and Notes |  |  |  | Total
(Dollars in Millions)
Beginning of the Year |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.5 |
Additions for Securities for which No Previous Expected Credit Losses were Recognized |  |  |  |  |  | 3.8 |  |  |  |  | 3.8 |
Net Increase in Allowance on Securities for which Expected Credit Losses were Previously Recognized |  |  |  |  |  | 5.8 |  |  |  |  | 5.8 |
Write-offs Charged Against Allowance |  |  |  |  |  | (3.5) |  |  |  |  | (3.5) |
End of the Period |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13.6 |

Equity Securities at Fair Value
Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value were $247.0 million and $243.2 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net unrealized gains arising during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and recognized in earnings, related to such investments still held as of June 30, 2023, were $9.8 million.
There were no unsettled purchases of Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. There were $31.3 million and $0.0 million in unsettled sales of Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investments in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the investment entity.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2023 is limited to the total carrying value of $225.1 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $90.5 million to fund Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at June 30, 2023. At June 30, 2023, 2.0% of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments were reported without a reporting lag. Of the total carrying value, 5.3% was reported with a one month lag and the remainder was reported with more than a one-month lag.
There were no unsettled purchases of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. There were $0.8 million and $35.2 million unsettled sales of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unsettled sales of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are carried within Other Receivables on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments include partnerships formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers for a fixed period of time. The Hypothetical Liquidation Book Value (“HLBV”) equity method of accounting is used for the Company’s investments in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2023 is limited to the total carrying value of $16.8 million. The Company had no outstanding commitments to fund Alternative Energy Partnership Investments as of June 30, 2023. Alternative Energy Partnership Investments are reported on a three-month lag.
27

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 9 - Investments (Continued)
Loans to Policyholders
Loans to Policyholders represents funds loaned to policyholders up to the cash surrender value of the associated insurance policies and are carried at the unpaid principal balances due to the Company from the policyholders. Interest income on policy loans is recognized in Net Investment Income at the contract interest rate when earned. Policy loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the associated insurance policies.
The carrying values of the Company’s Loans to Policyholders at Unpaid Principal investment at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $281.6 million and $283.4 million, respectively.
Other Investments
The carrying values of the Company’s Other Investments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were:

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Equity Securities at Modified Cost |  | $ | 34.7 |  |  | $ | 38.4 |
Convertible Securities at Fair Value |  | 46.2 |  |  | 43.3 |
Real Estate at Depreciated Cost |  | 96.0 |  |  | 93.6 |
Mortgage Loans |  | 92.6 |  |  | 91.1 |
Other |  | 6.1 |  |  | 3.5 |
Total |  | $ | 275.6 |  |  | $ | 269.9 |

The Company performs a qualitative impairment analysis of its Other Investments on a quarterly basis consisting of various factors such as earnings performance, current market conditions, changes in credit ratings, changes in the regulatory environment and other factors. If the qualitative analysis identifies the presence of impairment indicators, the Company estimates the fair value of the investment. If the estimated fair value is below the carrying value, the Company records an impairment in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. When the Company identifies observable transactions of the same or similar securities to those held by the Company, the Company increases or decreases the carrying value to the observable transaction price. The Company did not recognize any changes in carrying value due to observable transactions for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company did not recognize any impairment on Equity Securities at Modified Cost for six months ended June 30, 2023 as a result of the Company’s impairment analysis. The Company recognized no cumulative increases or decreases in the carrying value due to observable transactions and $9.6 million of cumulative impairments on Equity Securities at Modified Cost held as of June 30, 2023.
28

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 9 - Investments (Continued)
Net Investment Income
Net Investment Income for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Investment Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on Fixed Income Securities |  | $ | 173.3 |  |  | $ | 141.5 |  |  | $ | 87.1 |  |  | $ | 72.8 |
Dividends on Equity Securities Excluding Alternative Investments |  | 2.2 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.7 |
Alternative Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments |  | 3.9 |  |  | 28.6 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 15.3 |
Limited Liability Investments Included in Equity Securities |  | 8.9 |  |  | 26.1 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 18.5 |
Total Alternative Investments |  | 12.8 |  |  | 54.7 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 33.8 |
Short-term Investments |  | 5.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 0.2 |
Loans to Policyholders |  | 10.5 |  |  | 10.8 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 5.3 |
Real Estate |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 2.3 |
Company-Owned Life Insurance |  | 16.2 |  |  | 18.1 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 9.8 |
Other |  | 8.3 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 1.7 |
Total Investment Income |  | 233.5 |  |  | 236.5 |  |  | 120.7 |  |  | 127.6 |
Investment Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate |  | 4.3 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1.0 |
Other Investment Expenses |  | 21.1 |  |  | 14.5 |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | 8.1 |
Total Investment Expenses |  | 25.4 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 9.1 |
Net Investment Income |  | $ | 208.1 |  |  | $ | 218.5 |  |  | $ | 106.3 |  |  | $ | 118.5 |

Gross gains and losses on sales of investments in fixed maturities for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains on Sales |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 13.4 |
Losses on Sales |  | (9.3) |  |  | (3.6) |  |  | (6.0) |  |  | (2.8) |
(Losses) Gains on Hedging Activity |  | (0.3) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (8.7) |  |  | 0.3 |

Note 10 - Derivatives
The Company’s earnings, cash flows, and financial position are subject to fluctuations due to changes in prevailing interest rates. From time to time, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to reduce fluctuations of earnings related to interest rate exposure.
The Company entered into derivative agreements with maturity dates throughout 2023. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative instruments in a gain position are presented within Other Investments and those in a loss position are included in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities. Changes in the fair values of derivatives are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss within Net Realized Investment Gains or Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss along with the corresponding change in the designated hedge assets. As of June 30, 2023, no derivatives qualified for hedge accounting, therefore, amounts previously held in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss have been recognized through the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.
29

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 10 - Derivatives (Continued)
Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s debt securities valuations utilize the Treasury designated benchmark rate, exposing the Company to variability due to changes in interest rates.
Interest Swap Lock
The Company entered into an interest swap lock agreement in the third quarter of 2022 classified as cash flow hedges to manage exposure to changes in future purchase prices of fixed maturity securities attributable to changes in the benchmark (Treasury) interest rate. The Company assesses the effectiveness of cash flow hedges using the hypothetical derivative method. Based on the results of the assessment, the hedge was determined to be effective. The interest swap lock agreement was closed out in the first quarter of 2023.
Ultra-Long Treasury Futures
During 2023, the Company entered into two transactions of exchange-traded ultra-long Treasury futures (“Treasury Futures”) in order to manage exposure to upcoming changes in the benchmark (Treasury) interest rate of forecasted transactions. These derivatives expire quarterly. The open treasury futures do not qualify for hedge accounting. The results are shown in the Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives section below.
Reverse Treasury Lock
During 2022, the Company entered into a Reverse Treasury Lock agreement to manage reinvestment risk on future purchases of fixed maturity securities. The Reverse Treasury Lock agreement did not qualify for hedge accounting and matured in the first quarter of 2023. The results are shown in the Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives section below.
Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives
The following table presents the derivative instruments, primary underlying risk exposure, gross notional amount, and fair value of the Company’s derivatives:

|  |  |  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Millions) |  |  |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Fair Value
Derivative Instrument |  | Primary Underlying Risk Exposure |  | Gross Notional Amount |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Gross Notional Amount |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Interest Swap Lock |  | Interest Rate Risk |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.4 |
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Treasury Futures |  | Interest Rate Risk |  | $ | 201.5 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Reverse Treasury Lock |  | Interest Rate Risk |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | — |

Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements
The Company classifies its Investments in Fixed Maturities as available-for-sale and reports these investments at fair value. The Company reports equity investments with readily determinable fair values as Equity Securities at Fair Value. Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient are not required to be classified using the fair value hierarchy, but are presented in the following two tables to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
30

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
The valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value in Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2023 is summarized below.

|  | Fair Value Measurements |  |
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Measured at Net Asset Value |  | Total Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities |  | $ | 120.0 |  |  | $ | 425.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 545.5 |
States and Political Subdivisions |  | — |  |  | 1,461.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,461.0 |
Foreign Governments |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |
Corporate Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds and Notes |  | — |  |  | 3,446.0 |  |  | 187.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,633.4 |
Redeemable Preferred Stock |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.9 |
Collateralized Loan Obligations |  | — |  |  | 987.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 987.2 |
Other Mortgage and Asset-backed |  | — |  |  | 299.6 |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 304.8 |
Total Investments in Fixed Maturities |  | 120.0 |  |  | 6,624.5 |  |  | 199.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,943.8 |
Equity Securities at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stocks: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate |  | — |  |  | 30.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30.0 |
Other Industries |  | — |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 11.3 |
Common Stocks: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.6 |
Other Industries |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |
Other Equity Interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exchange Traded Funds |  | 7.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.3 |
Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 197.0 |  |  | 197.0 |
Total Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value |  | 8.3 |  |  | 39.5 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 197.0 |  |  | 247.0 |
Other Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Securities at Fair Value |  | — |  |  | 46.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46.2 |
Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instrument Not Designated as Hedges |  | — |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.2 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 128.3 |  |  | $ | 6,713.4 |  |  | $ | 201.5 |  |  | $ | 197.0 |  |  | $ | 7,240.2 |

At June 30, 2023, the Company had unfunded commitments to invest an additional $110.7 million in certain limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships that will be included in Other Equity Interests if funded.
31

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
The valuation of assets measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 is summarized below.

|  | Fair Value Measurements |  |
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Measured at Net Asset Value |  | Total Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities |  | $ | 103.6 |  |  | $ | 424.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 528.0 |
States and Political Subdivisions |  | — |  |  | 1,568.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,568.9 |
Foreign Governments |  | — |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.1 |
Corporate Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bonds and Notes |  | — |  |  | 3,323.4 |  |  | 216.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,539.4 |
Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.0 |
Collateralized Loan Obligations |  | — |  |  | 953.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 953.9 |
Other Mortgage and Asset-backed |  | — |  |  | 287.4 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 292.5 |
Total Investments in Fixed Maturities |  | 103.6 |  |  | 6,563.3 |  |  | 227.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,894.8 |
Equity Securities at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stocks: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate |  | — |  |  | 29.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29.0 |
Other Industries |  | — |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.8 |
Common Stocks: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |
Other Industries |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |
Other Equity Interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exchange Traded Funds |  | 12.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12.2 |
Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189.1 |  |  | 189.1 |
Total Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value |  | 13.4 |  |  | 38.6 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 189.1 |  |  | 243.2 |
Other Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Securities at Fair Value |  | — |  |  | 43.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43.3 |
Other Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedges |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 117.0 |  |  | $ | 6,646.9 |  |  | $ | 230.0 |  |  | $ | 189.1 |  |  | $ | 7,183.0 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instruments Designated as Fair Value Hedges |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.4) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.4) |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.4) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.4) |

32

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 1 primarily consist of U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value that are classified as Level 1 consist of either investments in publicly-traded common stocks or exchange traded funds. The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of investments in corporate bonds, obligations of states and political subdivisions, collateralized loan obligations, and mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government agencies. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of investments in preferred stocks. The Company’s Derivative Instruments Designated as Fair Value Hedges that are classified as Level 2 primarily consist of hedges against the Company’s available for sale debt securities portfolio. The Company uses a leading, nationally recognized provider of market data and analytics to price the vast majority of the Company’s Level 2 measurements. The provider utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. Because many fixed maturity securities do not trade on a daily basis, the provider’s evaluated pricing applications apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing to prepare evaluations. In addition, the provider uses model processes to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios. The pricing provider’s models and processes also take into account market convention. For each asset class, teams of its evaluators gather information from market sources and integrate relevant credit information, perceived market movements and sector news into the evaluated pricing applications and models. The Company generally validates the measurements obtained from its primary pricing provider by comparing them with measurements obtained from one additional pricing provider that provides either prices from recent market transactions, quotes in inactive markets or evaluations based on its own proprietary models.
The Company investigates significant differences related to the values provided. On completion of its investigation, management exercises judgment to determine the price selected and whether adjustments, if any, to the price obtained from the Company’s primary pricing provider would warrant classification of the price as Level 3. In instances where a measurement cannot be obtained from either pricing provider, the Company generally will evaluate bid prices from one or more binding quotes obtained from market makers to value investments in inactive markets and classified by the Company as Level 2. The Company generally classifies securities when it receives non-binding quotes or indications as Level 3 securities unless the Company can validate the quote or indication against recent transactions in the market.
The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments classified as Level 3 at June 30, 2023.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Total Fair Value |  | Range of Unobservable Inputs |  | Weighted-average Yield
Investment-grade |  | Market Yield |  | $ | 57.4 |  |  | 4.2 | % | - | 14.3 | % |  | 10.0 | %
Non-investment-grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Debt |  | Market Yield |  | 47.8 |  |  | 6.3 |  | - | 39.9 |  |  | 15.3 |
Junior Debt |  | Market Yield |  | 33.2 |  |  | 6.3 |  | - | 22.5 |  |  | 19.4 |
Other |  | Various |  | 60.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Level 3 Fixed Maturity Investments |  |  |  | $ | 199.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments classified as Level 3 at December 31, 2022.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Total Fair Value |  | Range of Unobservable Inputs |  | Weighted-average Yield
Investment-grade |  | Market Yield |  | $ | 56.5 |  |  | 4.6 | % | - | 14.5 | % |  | 9.2 | %
Non-investment-grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Debt |  | Market Yield |  | 72.9 |  |  | 4.6 |  | - | 36.7 |  |  | 10.9 |
Junior Debt |  | Market Yield |  | 42.1 |  |  | 8.8 |  | - | 22.5 |  |  | 15.1 |
Other |  | Various |  | 56.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Level 3 Fixed Maturity Investments |  |  |  | $ | 227.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

33

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
For an investment in a fixed maturity security, an increase in the yield used to determine the fair value of the security will decrease the fair value of the security. A decrease in the yield used to determine fair value will increase the fair value of the security, but for callable securities the fair value increase is generally limited to par, unless security is currently callable at a premium.
Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is presented below.

|  | Fixed Maturities |  | Equity Securities |  |  |  |
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Corporate Bonds and Notes |  |  |  | Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  |  |  | Other Mortgage- and Asset- backed |  | Preferred and Common Stocks |  |  |  |  |  | Total
Balance at Beginning of Year |  | $ | 216.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.1 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 230.0 |
Total Gains (Losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.9) |
Included in Other Comprehensive Income |  | 2.4 |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.4 |
Purchases |  | 37.9 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39.0 |
Settlements |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Sales |  | (69.3) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (69.3) |
Transfers into Level 3 |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Transfers out of Level 3 |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 187.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 201.5 |

The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due primarily to changes in the availability of market observable inputs.
Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 is presented below.

|  | Fixed Maturities |  | Equity Securities |  |  |  |
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Corporate Bonds and Notes |  |  |  | Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  |  |  | Other Mortgage- and Asset- backed |  | Preferred and Common Stocks |  |  |  |  |  | Total
Balance at Beginning of Period |  | $ | 196.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 210.2 |
Total Gains (Losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.8) |
Included in Other Comprehensive Loss |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.7 |
Purchases |  | 18.5 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19.6 |
Settlements |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Sales |  | (28.1) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28.1) |
Transfers into Level 3 |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Transfers out of Level 3 |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 187.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 201.5 |

The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs.
34

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is presented below.

|  | Fixed Maturities |  | Equity Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Corporate Bonds and Notes |  |  |  | Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  |  |  | Other Mortgage- and Asset- backed |  | Preferred and Common Stocks |  |  |  |  |  | Total
Balance at Beginning of Year |  | $ | 236.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.0 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 251.4 |
Total (Losses) Gains: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss |  | (5.9) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5.9) |
Included in Other Comprehensive Loss |  | (9.4) |  |  |  |  | (1.2) |  |  |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11.8) |
Purchases |  | 21.6 |  |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23.6 |
Settlements |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Sales |  | (65.6) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (65.6) |
Transfers into Level 3 |  | 5.3 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.3 |
Transfers out of Level 3 |  | (5.7) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5.7) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 177.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.6 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 191.3 |

The transfers into and out of Level 3 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs.
Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 is presented below.

|  | Fixed Maturities |  | Equity Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Corporate Bonds and Notes |  |  |  | Redeemable Preferred Stocks |  |  |  | Other Mortgage- and Asset- backed |  | Preferred and Common Stocks |  |  |  |  |  | Total
Balance at Beginning of Period |  | $ | 205.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.2 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 218.9 |
Total (Losses) Gains: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss |  | (0.2) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.2) |
Included in Other Comprehensive Loss |  | (7.7) |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8.8) |
Purchases |  | 7.9 |  |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.9 |
Settlements |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Sales |  | (22.8) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (22.8) |
Transfers into Level 3 |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Transfers out of Level 3 |  | (5.7) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5.7) |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 177.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.6 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 191.3 |

35

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
The table below shows investments reported at fair value using NAV and their unfunded commitments by asset class as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

|  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Asset Class |  | Fair Value Using NAV |  | Unfunded Commitments |  | Fair Value Using NAV |  | Unfunded Commitments
Reported as Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at Cost Plus Cumulative Undistributed Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mezzanine Debt |  | $ | 125.6 |  |  | $ | 47.0 |  |  | $ | 114.3 |  |  | $ | 51.6 |
Senior Debt |  | 21.8 |  |  | 41.1 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  | 42.0 |
Distressed Debt |  | 8.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | — |
Secondary Transactions |  | 8.5 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 1.7 |
Hedge Fund |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |
Leveraged Buyout |  | 9.7 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 0.6 |
Growth Equity |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |
Real Estate |  | 41.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 43.3 |  |  | — |
Other |  | 8.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | — |
Total Equity Method Limited Liability Investments |  | 225.1 |  |  | 90.5 |  |  | 217.0 |  |  | 95.9 |
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 16.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 16.3 |  |  | — |
Reported as Other Equity Interests at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mezzanine Debt |  | 115.8 |  |  | 66.2 |  |  | 106.0 |  |  | 56.0 |
Senior Debt |  | 22.4 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 21.9 |  |  | 6.0 |
Distressed Debt |  | 12.5 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 13.0 |
Secondary Transactions |  | 2.8 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 4.2 |
Hedge Funds |  | 14.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 18.1 |  |  | — |
Leveraged Buyout |  | 22.5 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  | 9.0 |
Growth Equity |  | 6.0 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 7.9 |
Real Estate |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Total Reported as Other Equity Interests at Fair Value |  | 197.0 |  |  | 110.7 |  |  | 189.1 |  |  | 96.3 |
Reported as Equity Securities at Modified Cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 6.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | — |
Total Reported as Equity Securities at Modified Cost |  | 6.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | — |
Total Investments in Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships |  | $ | 444.9 |  |  | $ | 201.2 |  |  | $ | 430.7 |  |  | $ | 192.2 |

At June 30, 2023, the Company had unfunded commitments to invest an additional $201.2 million in certain limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships that will be included in Other Equity Interests and Equity Method Limited Liability Investments if funded.
36

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
The fund investments included above (excluding Hedge Funds) are not redeemable, because distributions from the funds will be received when underlying investments of the funds are liquidated. The funds are generally expected to have approximately 10 year lives at their inception, but these lives may be extended at the fund manager’s discretion, typically in one or two-year increments.
The hedge fund investments included above, which are carried at fair value, are generally redeemable subject to the redemption notices period. The majority of the hedge fund investments are redeemable monthly or quarterly.
The following table includes information related to the Company’s investments in certain private equity funds or hedge funds that calculate a net asset value per share:

Asset Class |  | Investment Category Includes
Mezzanine Debt |  | Funds with investments in junior or subordinated debt and potentially minority equity securities issued by private companies.
Senior Debt |  | Funds with investments in senior or first lien debt and potentially minority equity securities typically issued by private companies.
Distressed Debt |  | Funds with debt or minority equity investments that are made opportunistically in companies that are in or near default or under financial strain with potential to have an active role in restructuring company.
Secondary Transactions |  | Funds that focus on purchasing third party fund interests from investors seeking liquidity within their own portfolio.
Hedge Fund |  | Funds that focus primarily on investing in public securities with strategy of generating uncorrelated returns to the public markets.
Leveraged Buyout |  | Funds with control equity investments in more mature, positive cash flowing, private companies that are typically purchased with the use of financial leverage.
Growth Equity |  | Funds that invest in early or venture stage companies with high growth potential with view towards generating realizations through sale or initial public offering (“IPO”) of company.
Real Estate |  | Funds with investments in multi-family housing properties.
Other |  | Consists of direct investments of preferred equity or minority common equity investments into private companies structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies.

Presented below are the carrying values and fair value estimates of financial instruments not carried at fair value.

|  | June 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans to Policyholders |  | $ | 281.6 |  |  | $ | 281.6 |  |  | $ | 283.4 |  |  | $ | 283.4 |
Short-term Investments |  | 406.3 |  |  | 406.3 |  |  | 278.4 |  |  | 278.4 |
Mortgage Loans |  | 92.6 |  |  | 92.6 |  |  | 91.1 |  |  | 91.1 |
Company-Owned Life Insurance |  | 500.5 |  |  | 500.5 |  |  | 586.5 |  |  | 586.5 |
Equity Securities at Modified Cost |  | 34.7 |  |  | 34.7 |  |  | 38.4 |  |  | 38.4 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term Debt |  | $ | 1,388.1 |  |  | $ | 1,183.5 |  |  | $ | 1,386.9 |  |  | $ | 1,195.1 |
Policyholder Obligations |  | 601.0 |  |  | 601.0 |  |  | 601.0 |  |  | 601.0 |

37

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
Loans to policyholders are carried at unpaid principal balance which approximates fair value and are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The nature of policy loans is to have a negligible default risk as the loans are fully collateralized by the value of the policy. Policy loans do not have a stated maturity and the balances and accrued interest are repaid either by the policyholder or with proceeds from the policy. Due to the collateralized nature of policy loans and unpredictable timing of payments, the Company believes the carrying value of policy loans approximates fair value. The fair value measurement of Short-term Investments is estimated using inputs that are considered either Level 1 or Level 2 measurements. The Mortgage Loans fair value measurement is considered equal to amortized cost given the short-term nature of the investments. The fair value measurement of Equity Securities at Modified Cost is estimated using inputs that are considered Level 3 measurements. The cash surrender value of Company-Owned Life Insurance approximates fair value and is considered to be a Level 2 investment. The fair value of Long-term Debt is estimated using quoted prices for similar liabilities in markets that are not active. The inputs used in the valuation are considered Level 2 measurements. Policyholder Obligations presented in the preceding table consist of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Chicago, and the inputs used in the valuation are considered Level 2 measurements.
Note 12 - Variable Interest Entities
The Company invests in an Alternative Energy Partnership formed to provide sustainable energy projects that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits. This entity was formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers.
The Company’s interest in the Alternative Energy Partnership Investment is considered an investment in a variable interest entity (“VIE”). To determine whether the investment should be consolidated in the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company evaluates whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is the party that has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and therefore is not required to consolidate the VIE. The project sponsor governs the entity and the Company only has consent rights that have been deemed protective in nature and does not participate in key economic decisions of the entity.
The investment is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and included in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company uses the HLBV equity method to account for earnings and losses. This method provides an earnings allocation that appropriately reflects the substantive economics of the investment. Earnings and losses on the investment are reported in Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments and investment tax credits are recognized in Income Tax Benefit on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.
The following table presents information regarding activity in the Company’s Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Fundings |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cash Distribution from Investment |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |
Income (Loss) on Investments in Alternative Energy Partnership |  | 1.5 |  |  | (21.6) |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | (4.9) |
Income Tax (Recaptures) Credits Recognized |  | (0.1) |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax (Expense) Benefit Recognized from Alternative Energy Partnership |  | (0.3) |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 1.1 |

38

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 12 - Variable Interest Entities (Continued)
The following table represents the carrying value of the associated assets and liabilities and the associated maximum loss exposure of the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(Dollars in millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Cash |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 3.0 |
Equipment, Net of Depreciation |  | 257.8 |  |  | 261.7 |
Other Assets |  | 6.3 |  |  | 5.1 |
Total Unconsolidated Assets |  | 267.0 |  |  | 269.7 |
Maximum Loss Exposure |  | 16.8 |  |  | 16.3 |

The Company’s maximum loss exposure in the event that all of the assets in the Alternative Energy Partnership are deemed worthless is $16.8 million and $16.3 million, which is the carrying value of the investment at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 13 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The tables below display the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Net Unrealized Losses on Other Investments |  | Net Unrealized Losses on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs |  | Gain on Cash Flow Hedge |  | Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits |  | Total
Balance as of January 1, 2023 |  | $ | (719.4) |  |  | $ | (2.2) |  |  | $ | (37.2) |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 241.1 |  |  | (514.9) |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications |  | 75.4 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (46.7) |  |  | 30.1 |
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Net of Tax (Expense) Benefit of $(1.8), $0.4, $0.3, $0.0, $0.0 and $(1.1) |  | 6.4 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Net of Tax (Expense) Benefit of $(20.4), $(0.4), $0.0, $0.0, $12.5, and $(8.3) |  | 81.8 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (46.7) |  |  | 34.1 |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |  | $ | (637.6) |  |  | $ | (2.3) |  |  | $ | (38.0) |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 194.4 |  |  | $ | (480.8) |

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments |  | Net Unrealized Losses on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs |  | (Loss) Gain on Cash Flow Hedge |  | Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits |  | Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022 |  | $ | 505.8 |  |  | $ | (3.7) |  |  | $ | (52.1) |  |  | $ | (1.9) |  |  | $ | (849.7) |  |  | $ | (401.6) |
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Before Reclassifications |  | (972.0) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | — |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 861.1 |  |  | (106.6) |
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Net of Tax Benefit of $0.2, $0.0, $0.0, $0.0, $0.0 and $0.2 |  | (1.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2) |
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Net of Tax Benefit (Expense) of $258.6, $0.1, $0.0, $(1.2), $(228.9), and $28.6 |  | (973.1) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 861.1 |  |  | (107.8) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 |  | $ | (467.3) |  |  | $ | (4.1) |  |  | $ | (52.2) |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 11.4 |  |  | $ | (509.4) |

39

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 13 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Continued)
The tables below display the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by component for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Net Unrealized Losses on Other Investments |  | Net Unrealized Losses on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs |  | Gain on Cash Flow Hedge |  | Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits |  | Total
Balance as of March 31, 2023 |  | $ | (572.0) |  |  | $ | (2.2) |  |  | $ | (37.6) |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 154.4 |  |  | $ | (454.7) |
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Before Reclassifications |  | (72.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40.0 |  |  | (32.1) |
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Net of Tax (Expense) Benefit of $(1.8), $0.0, $0.4, $(0.1), $0.0 and $(1.5) |  | 6.5 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6.0 |
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Net of Tax Benefit (Expense) of $19.4, $0.0, $0.0, $0.0, $(10.6), and $8.8 |  | (65.6) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | — |  |  | 40.0 |  |  | (26.1) |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |  | $ | (637.6) |  |  | $ | (2.3) |  |  | $ | (38.0) |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 194.4 |  |  | $ | (480.8) |

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Net Unrealized Losses on Other Investments |  | Net Unrealized Losses on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs |  | Gain on Cash Flow Hedge |  | Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits |  | Total
Balance as of March 31, 2022 |  | $ | (3.5) |  |  | $ | (9.5) |  |  | $ | (52.1) |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | (405.5) |  |  | $ | (467.8) |
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Before Reclassifications |  | (456.9) |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 416.9 |  |  | (34.6) |
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Net of Tax Benefit of $1.7, $0.0,$0.0, $0.0, $0.0, and $1.7 |  | (6.9) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.0) |
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Net of Tax Benefit (Expense) of $123.4, $(1.5), $0.0, $0.0 $(110.8) and $11.1 |  | (463.8) |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | 416.9 |  |  | (41.6) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 |  | $ | (467.3) |  |  | $ | (4.1) |  |  | $ | (52.2) |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 11.4 |  |  | $ | (509.4) |

Amounts reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss shown above are reported in Net Loss as follows:

Components of AOCI | Consolidated Statements of Loss Line Item Affected by Reclassifications
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments and Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses | Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains and Impairment Gains (Losses)
Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs | Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Insurance Expenses, and Interest and Other Expenses
(Loss) Gain on Cash Flow Hedges | Interest and Other Expenses
Change in Discount Rate on Future Life Policyholder Benefits | Not Applicable

40

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 14 - Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock Repurchases
On May 6, 2020, Kemper’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $200.0 million of Kemper’s common stock, in addition to $133.3 million remaining under the August 6, 2014 authorization, bringing the remaining share repurchase authorization to approximately $333.3 million. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining share repurchase authorization was $171.6 million under the repurchase program.
During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Kemper did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued 44,000 and 48,000 shares under the Kemper Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), respectively, at an average discounted price of $43.28 and $44.15 per share. Compensation costs charged against income were $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued 26,000 and 26,000 shares under the ESPP at a discounted price of $41.02 and $40.72 per share, respectively. Compensation costs charged against income were $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Note 15 - Pension Benefits and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions
The Company sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”) that covers approximately 3,100 participants and beneficiaries. Effective January 1, 2006, the Pension Plan was closed to new hires and, effective June 30, 2016, benefit accruals were frozen for substantially all of the participants under the Pension Plan. The Pension Plan is generally non-contributory, but participation requires or required some employees to contribute 3% of pay, as defined, per year. Benefits for participants who are or were required to contribute to the Pension Plan are based on compensation during plan participation and the number of years of participation. Benefits for the vast majority of participants who are not required to contribute to the Pension Plan are based on years of service and final average pay, as defined. The Company funds the Pension Plan in accordance with the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”).
The components of Pension Expense for the Pension Plan for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Interest Cost on Projected Benefit Obligation |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |
Expected Return on Plan Assets |  | (6.5) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (3.2) |  |  | (1.8) |
Amortization of Prior Service Cost |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |
Total Pension Expense |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.9 |

The Company sponsors two other than pension postretirement benefit (“OPEB”) plans (together the “OPEB Plans”) that together provide medical, dental and/or life insurance benefits to approximately 400 retired and 500 active employees.
41

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 15 - Pension Benefits and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions (Continued)
The components of OPEB Benefit for the OPEB Plans for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Service Cost |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest Cost on Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Amortization of Prior Service Credit |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (0.4) |
Amortization of Net Gain |  | (0.9) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.4) |
Total OPEB Benefit |  | $ | (1.3) |  |  | $ | (1.3) |  |  | $ | (0.7) |  |  | $ | (0.7) |

The non-service cost components of the Pension Plan and OPEB Plans are presented within the Interest and Other Expenses line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss.
Note 16 - Policyholder Obligations
Policyholder Obligations at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
FHLB Funding Agreements |  | $ | 601.0 |  |  | $ | 601.0 |
Universal Life-type Policyholder Account Balances |  | 99.2 |  |  | 100.3 |
Total |  | $ | 700.2 |  |  | $ | 701.3 |

FHLB Funding Agreements
Kemper’s subsidiary, United Insurance Company of America (“United Insurance”) has entered into funding agreements with the FHLB of Chicago in exchange for cash, which it uses for spread lending purposes. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, United Insurance received advances of $114.2 million from the FHLB of Chicago and made repayments of $114.2 million under the spread lending program.
When a funding agreement is issued, United Insurance is then required to post collateral in the form of eligible securities including mortgage-backed, government, and agency debt instruments for each of the advances that are entered. The fair value of the collateral pledged must be maintained at certain specified levels above the borrowed amount, which can vary depending on the assets pledged. If the fair value of the collateral declines below these specified levels of the amount borrowed, United Insurance would be required to pledge additional collateral or repay outstanding borrowings. Upon any event of default by United Insurance, the FHLB’s recovery on the collateral is limited to the amount of United Insurance’s liability under the funding agreements to the FHLB of Chicago.
United Insurance’s liability under the funding agreements with the FHLB of Chicago, the amount of collateral pledged under such agreements and FHLB of Chicago common stock owned by United Insurance at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Liability under Funding Agreements |  | $ | 601.0 |  |  | $ | 601.0 |
Fair Value of Collateral Pledged |  | 756.5 |  |  | 744.6 |
FHLB of Chicago Common Stock Owned at Cost |  | 17.5 |  |  | 17.5 |

42

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 16 - Policyholder Obligations (Continued)
Universal Life-type Policyholder Account Balances
The Company’s weighted-average crediting rate for Universal Life-type Policyholder Account Balances was 5.1% as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. Guaranteed minimum benefit amounts in excess of the current account balances for these contracts were $302.8 million and $311.4 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The cash surrender value of the Company’s policyholder obligations for these contracts were $98.0 million and $100.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 17 - Debt
Amended and Extended Credit Agreement and Term Loan Facility
On March 15, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and extended credit agreement. The amended and extended credit agreement increased the borrowing capacity of the existing unsecured credit agreement to $600.0 million and extended the maturity date to March 15, 2027. Furthermore, the amended and extended credit agreement provides for an accordion feature whereby the Company can increase the revolving credit borrowing capacity by an additional $200.0 million for a total maximum capacity of $800.0 million.
Financial covenants within the agreement limit the Company from accessing the maximum capacity. The amount available as of June 30, 2023 was $460.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement at either June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Long-term Debt
The Company designates debt obligations as either short-term or long-term based on maturity date at issuance, or in the case of the 2022 Senior Notes, based on the date of assumption.
Total amortized cost of Long-term Debt outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was:

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Senior Notes: |  |  |  |
4.350% Senior Notes due February 15, 2025 |  | $ | 449.5 |  |  | $ | 449.3 |
2.400% Senior Notes due September 30, 2030 |  | 396.8 |  |  | 396.6 |
3.800% Senior Notes due February 23, 2032 |  | 395.7 |  |  | 395.5 |
5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2062 |  | 146.1 |  |  | 145.5 |
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding |  | $ | 1,388.1 |  |  | $ | 1,386.9 |

4.350% Senior Notes Due 2025
Kemper has $450.0 million aggregate principal of 4.350% senior notes due February 15, 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”). Kemper initially issued $250.0 million of the notes in February of 2015 and issued an additional $200.0 million of the notes in June of 2017. The additional notes are fungible with the initial notes issued in 2015, and together are treated as part of a single series for all purposes under the indenture governing the 2025 Senior Notes. The 2025 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time at Kemper’s option at specified redemption prices.
2.400% Senior Notes Due 2030
Kemper has $400.0 million aggregate principal of 2.400% senior notes due September 30, 2030 (the “2030 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of issuance were $395.8 million, net of discount and transaction costs for an effective yield of 2.52%. The 2030 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at Kemper’s option, at specified redemption prices.
43

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 17 - Debt (Continued)
3.800% Senior Notes Due 2032
On February 15, 2022, Kemper offered and sold $400.0 million aggregate principal of 3.800% senior notes due February 23, 2032 (the “2032 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of issuance were $395.1 million, net of discount and transaction costs for an effective yield of 3.950%. The 2032 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at Kemper’s option, at specified redemption prices.
In anticipation of the issuance of the 2032 Senior Notes and for risk management purposes, the Company entered into a derivative transaction to hedge the risk of changes in the debt cash flows attributable to changes in the benchmark U.S. Treasury interest rate during the period leading up to the debt issuance (“Treasury Lock”). The effective portion of the gain on the derivative instrument upon discontinuance was $5.9 million before taxes, and is reported as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). Beginning with the issuance of the 2032 Senior Notes described in the preceding paragraph, such gain is being amortized into earnings and reported in Interest and Other Expenses in the same periods that the hedged items affect earnings. Amortization, reported in Interest and Other Expenses, was $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company expects to reclassify $0.5 million of net gain on derivative instruments from AOCI to earnings for the twelve months ended June 30, 2024 as interest expense on the debt is recognized.
5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2062
On March 10, 2022, Kemper issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures due March 15, 2062 (the “2062 Junior Debentures”). The net proceeds from issuance were $144.7 million, net of discount and transaction costs. The 2062 Junior Debentures will bear interest from and including the date of original issue to, but excluding, March 15, 2027 (the “First Reset Date”) at the fixed rate of 5.875% per annum. The interest
rate on the First Reset Date, and subsequent Reset Dates, will be equal to the Five-Year Treasury Rate as of the most recent Reset Date plus 4.140% to be reset on each Reset Date. Interest is due quarterly in arrears beginning on June 15, 2022. The Company has the option to defer interest payments for one or more optional deferral periods of up to five consecutive years,
provided that no optional deferral period shall extend beyond March 15, 2062, or any earlier accelerated maturity date arising from an event of default or any earlier redemption of the 2062 Junior Debentures.
The 2062 Junior Debentures are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole or in part on the First Reset Date or any time thereafter, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount of the debentures being redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
Short-term Debt
Kemper’s subsidiaries, United Insurance, Trinity Universal Insurance Company (“Trinity”) and American Access Casualty Company (“AAC”), are members of the FHLBs of Chicago, Dallas and Chicago respectively. Alliance United Insurance Company (“Alliance”) was a member of the FHLB of San Francisco until it surrendered all California licenses on January 30, 2023 and ceased to exist as an insurance company. As a requirement of membership in the FHLBs, United Insurance, Trinity, and AAC maintain a certain level of investment in FHLB stock. The Company periodically uses short-term FHLB borrowings for a combination of cash management and risk management purposes, in addition to long-term FHLB borrowings for spread lending purposes. There were no short-term debt advances from the FHLBs of Chicago or Dallas outstanding at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. For information on United Insurance’s funding agreement with the FHLB of Chicago in connection with the spread lending program, see Note 16, “Policyholder Obligations,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Interest Expense and Interest Paid
Interest Expense, including facility fees, accretion of discount, amortization of premium and amortization of issuance costs, was $28.1 million and $14.0 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Interest paid, including facility fees, was $27.3 million and $2.5 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Interest Expense, including facility fees, accretion of discount and amortization of issuance costs, was $26.7 million and $14.0 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Interest paid, including facility fees, was $24.4 million and $2.4 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.
44

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 18 - Leases
The Company leases certain office space under non-cancelable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging from one to fifteen years, along with options that permit renewals for additional periods. The Company also leases certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging from one to five years. Minimum rent is expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
The following table presents operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets |  | $ | 37.5 |  |  | $ | 45.1 |
Operating Lease Liabilities |  | 61.8 |  |  | 72.6 |

Lease expenses are primarily included in Insurance Expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss. Additional information regarding the Company’s lease cost is presented below.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Lease Cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Lease Cost |  | $ | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 11.4 |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 5.8 |
Variable Lease Cost |  | 2.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | — |
Short-Term Lease Cost 1 |  | 0.8 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.0 |
Total Lease Expense |  | $ | 10.9 |  |  | $ | 13.7 |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |
Less: Sub-Lease Income |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Lease Cost |  | $ | 10.9 |  |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |

1 Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other Information on Operating Leases
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

|  | Six Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Operating Cash Flows from Operating Lease (Fixed Payments) |  | $ | 13.4 |  |  | $ | 12.7 |
Operating Cash Flows from Operating Lease (Liability Reduction) |  | 12.2 |  |  | 11.3 |
Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities |  | 2.4 |  |  | 6.6 |

As of June 30, 2023, the Company does not have any finance leases.
Significant judgments and assumptions for determining lease asset and liability at June 30, 2023 and 2022 are presented below.

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term - Finance Leases |  | N/A |  | 0.6 years
Weighted-average Remaining Lease Term - Operating Leases |  | 5.6 years |  | 5.7 years
Weighted-average Discount Rate - Finance Leases |  | N/A |  | 0.6 | %
Weighted-average Discount Rate - Operating Leases |  | 3.7 | % |  | 3.4 | %

Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate. Accordingly, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of its lease payments.
45

KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Note 18 - Leases (Continued)
Future minimum lease payments under operating leases at June 30, 2023 are presented below. There are no significant future minimum lease payments under finance leases.

(Dollars in Millions) |  |  |  | Jun 30, 2023
Remainder of 2023 |  |  |  | $ | 12.1 |
2024 |  |  |  | 18.5 |
2025 |  |  |  | 13.3 |
2026 |  |  |  | 6.7 |
2027 |  |  |  | 4.6 |
2028 and Thereafter |  |  |  | 18.4 |
Total Future Payments |  |  |  | $ | 73.6 |
Less Imputed Interest |  |  |  | 11.8 |
Present Value of Minimum Lease Payments |  |  |  | $ | 61.8 |

Note 19 - Income Taxes
The statute of limitations related to Kemper and its eligible subsidiaries’ consolidated Federal income tax returns is closed for all tax years up to and including 2011 as well as 2018. As a result of the Company filing amended federal income tax returns, tax years 2012 and 2013 are under limited examination with respect to carry-back adjustments associated with the amended returns. The statute of limitations related to tax years 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 has been extended to December 31, 2023. Tax years 2019, 2020 and 2021 are subject to a statute of three years from the extended due dates of October 15, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.
The expiration of the statute of limitations related to the various state income tax returns that Kemper and its subsidiaries file varies by state.
There were no Unrecognized Tax Benefits at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income Tax Benefit.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, federal income tax refunds received, net of income taxes paid, were $114.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, state income taxes paid, net of refunds received, were $0.1 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, state income taxes paid, net of refunds received, were negligible. There were no foreign income taxes paid or refunds received for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.
Note 20 - Commitments and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of its businesses, the Company is involved in legal proceedings including lawsuits, arbitration, regulatory examinations, audits and inquiries. Based on currently available information, the Company does not believe that it is reasonably possible that any of its pending legal proceedings will have a material effect on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 21 - Subsequent Events
The Company is in the process of terminating its defined benefit pension plan, which is expected to be completed during the third quarter of 2023. The termination will fully relieve the Company of all obligations related to the defined benefit pension plan. Accordingly, the Company estimates that net income for the third quarter of 2023 will include an after-tax settlement charge to net income (loss) ranging from $50 million to $70 million to primarily recognize the remaining unamortized net unrecognized postretirement benefit costs related to the settled obligations, with a corresponding offset to AOCI.
46

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Summary of Results
As discussed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies”, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-12, “Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts and related amendments” (“LDTI”) under the modified retrospective method. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. Related financial data shown in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also have been adjusted.
Net Loss was $177.2 million ($(2.77) per unrestricted common share) for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Net Loss of $158.5 million ($(2.49) per unrestricted common share) for the same period in 2022.
Net Loss was $97.1 million ($(1.52) per unrestricted common share) for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Net Loss of $72.2 million ($(1.13) per unrestricted common share) for the same period in 2022.
A reconciliation of Net Loss to Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss (a non-GAAP financial measure) for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions and Net of Income Taxes) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Change |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Change
Net Loss |  | $ | (177.2) |  |  | $ | (158.5) |  |  | $ | (18.7) |  |  | $ | (97.1) |  |  | $ | (72.2) |  |  | $ | (24.9) |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities |  | 3.2 |  |  | (54.3) |  |  | 57.5 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | (32.0) |  |  | 33.9 |
Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains |  | (7.4) |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | (17.3) |  |  | (12.5) |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | (21.2) |
Impairment Gains (Losses) |  | 0.9 |  |  | (10.9) |  |  | 11.8 |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (3.9) |  |  | 3.1 |
Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs |  | (46.3) |  |  | (11.5) |  |  | (34.8) |  |  | (23.3) |  |  | (7.8) |  |  | (15.5) |
Debt Extinguishment, Pension, and Other Charges |  | — |  |  | (2.9) |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Goodwill Impairment Charge |  | (45.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (45.5) |  |  | (45.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (45.5) |
Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss |  | $ | (82.1) |  |  | $ | (88.8) |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | (16.9) |  |  | $ | (37.2) |  |  | $ | 20.3 |
Components of Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Net Operating (Loss) Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance |  | $ | (69.2) |  |  | $ | (83.6) |  |  | $ | 14.4 |  |  | $ | (10.8) |  |  | $ | (38.9) |  |  | $ | 28.1 |
Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance |  | (12.2) |  |  | (22.9) |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | (2.7) |  |  | (16.8) |  |  | 14.1 |
Life & Health Insurance |  | 22.1 |  |  | 31.8 |  |  | (9.7) |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 20.2 |  |  | (11.3) |
Segment Net Operating Loss |  | (59.3) |  |  | (74.7) |  |  | 15.4 |  |  | (4.6) |  |  | (35.5) |  |  | 30.9 |
Corporate and Other Net Operating Loss From: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | (22.8) |  |  | (14.1) |  |  | (8.7) |  |  | (12.3) |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | (10.6) |
Corporate and Other Net Operating Loss |  | (22.8) |  |  | (14.1) |  |  | (8.7) |  |  | (12.3) |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | (10.6) |
Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss |  | $ | (82.1) |  |  | $ | (88.8) |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | (16.9) |  |  | $ | (37.2) |  |  | $ | 20.3 |

Net Loss
Net Loss increased by $18.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the $45.5 million after-tax charge from the impairment of the goodwill asset related to the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment, increased Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs, partially offset by favorable changes in the Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities from six months ended June 30, 2022. Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss decreased by $6.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to a reduction in Segment Insurance Net Operating Losses in the Specialty and Preferred Property & Casualty Segments, partially offset by lower net income in the Life and Health Insurance Segment and higher net losses from Corporate and Other.
47

Summary of Results (Continued)
Net Loss increased by $24.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the Goodwill Impairment Charge, as described above, Net Realized Losses on Investments, increased Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs, partially offset by favorable changes in the Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities and a reduction in Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss. Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss decreased by $20.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to a reduction in Segment Insurance Net Operating Losses in the Specialty and Preferred Property & Casualty Segments, partially offset by lower net income in the Life and Health Insurance Segment and higher net losses from Corporate and Other.
See “Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance,” “Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance” and “Life & Health Insurance,” for discussion of each respective segment’s results. Corporate and Other Net Operating Loss increased for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022, due primarily to a decrease in Net Investment Income.
Revenues
Earned Premiums were $2,347.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $2,657.6 million for the same period in 2022, a decrease of $309.8 million. Earned Premiums in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $188.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Earned Premiums in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segments decreased by $35.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Earned premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segments decreased by $85.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. See “Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance”, “Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance,” and “ Life & Health Insurance” for discussion of the changes in each segment’s earned premiums.
Earned Premiums were $1,166.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $1,337.6 million for the same period in 2022, a decrease of $170.7 million. Earned Premiums in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $111.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Earned Premiums in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segments decreased by $17.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Earned premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segments decreased by $41.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. See “Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance”, “Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance,” and “ Life & Health Insurance” for discussion of the changes in each segment’s earned premiums.
Net Investment Income decreased by $10.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and Equity Securities offset by higher rate earned on Fixed Income Securities.
Net Investment Income decreased by $12.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower returns on Equity Securities and Equity Method Limited Liability Investments offset by higher rate earned on Fixed Income Securities.
Gain from the Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to loss of $21.6 million for the same period 2022. Tax expense related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments were $0.4 million compared to tax benefit of $8.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This resulted in net income of $1.1 million and net loss of $13.5 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Gain from the Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to loss of $4.9 million for the same period 2022. Tax expense related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments were $0.1 million, compared to tax benefit of $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This resulted in net income of $0.7 million and a net loss of $3.8 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Other Income was $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Other Income of $3.3 million for the same period in 2022.
Other Income was $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Other Income of $0.9 million for the same period in 2022.
48

Summary of Results (Continued)
Net Realized Investment Losses were $8.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Net Realized Investment Gains of $12.5 million for the same period in 2022.
Net Realized Investment Losses were $14.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Net Realized Investment Gains of $11.0 million for the same period in 2022.
Impairment Gains were $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Impairment Losses of $13.8 million for the same period in 2022.
Impairment Losses were $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Impairment Losses of $4.9 million for the same period in 2022.
See “Investment Results,” under the sub-captions “Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Sales of Investment” and “Impairment Gains (Losses)” for additional discussion. The Company cannot predict if or when similar investment gains or losses may occur in the future.
The Company is in the process of terminating its defined benefit pension plan which is expected to be completed during the third quarter of 2023. The termination will fully relieve the Company of all obligations related to the defined benefit pension
plan. Accordingly, the Company estimates that net income for the third quarter of 2023 will include an after-tax settlement
charge to net income (loss) that will be excluded from adjusted consolidated net operating income (loss) ranging from $50
million to $70 million to primarily recognize the remaining unamortized net unrecognized postretirement benefit costs related
to the settled obligations, with a corresponding offset to AOCI.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Underlying Losses and LAE and Underlying Combined Ratio
The following discussion of segment results uses the non-GAAP financial measures of (i) Underlying Losses and LAE and (ii) Underlying Combined Ratio. Underlying Losses and LAE (also referred to in the discussion as “Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE”) exclude the impact of catastrophe losses and loss and LAE reserve development from prior years from the Company’s Incurred Losses and LAE, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.
The Underlying Combined Ratio is computed by adding the Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio with the Insurance Expense Ratio. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is the Combined Ratio, which is computed by adding Total Incurred Losses and LAE Ratio, including the impact of catastrophe losses and loss and LAE reserve development from prior years, with the Insurance Expense Ratio.
The Company believes Underlying Losses and LAE and the Underlying Combined Ratio are useful to investors and uses these financial measures to reveal the trends in the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment that may be obscured by catastrophe losses and prior-year reserve development. These catastrophe losses may cause the Company’s loss trends to vary significantly between periods as a result of their incidence of occurrence and magnitude and can have a significant impact on incurred losses and LAE and the Combined Ratio. Prior-year reserve developments are caused by unexpected loss development on historical reserves. Because reserve development relates to the re-estimation of losses from earlier periods, it has no bearing on the performance of the Company’s insurance products in the current period. The Company believes it is useful for investors to evaluate these components separately and in the aggregate when reviewing the Company’s underwriting performance.
Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss
Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss is an after-tax, non-GAAP financial measure and is computed by excluding from Net Loss the after-tax impact of
(i) Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities;
(ii) Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains;
(iii) Impairment Gains (Losses);
(iv) Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs;
(v) Debt Extinguishment, Pension and Other Charges;
49

Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Continued)
(vi) Goodwill Impairment Charges; and
(vii) Significant non-recurring or infrequent items that may not be indicative of ongoing operations
Significant non-recurring items are excluded when (a) the nature of the charge or gain is such that it is reasonably unlikely to recur within two years, and (b) there has been no similar charge or gain within the prior two years. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is Net Loss. There were no applicable significant non-recurring items that the Company excluded from the calculation of Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.
The Company believes that Adjusted Consolidated Net Operating Loss provides investors with a valuable measure of its ongoing performance because it reveals underlying operational performance trends that otherwise might be less apparent if the items were not excluded. Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities, Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains and Impairment Gains (Losses) related to investments included in the Company’s results may vary significantly between periods and are generally driven by business decisions and external economic developments such as capital market conditions that impact the values of the Company’s investments, the timing of which is unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction Costs, Integration Costs, and Restructuring and Other Costs may vary significantly between periods and are generally driven by the timing of acquisitions and business decisions which are unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Debt Extinguishment, Pension and Other Charges relate to (i) loss from early extinguishment of debt, which is driven by the Company’s financing and refinancing decisions and capital needs, as well as external economic developments such as debt market conditions, the timing of which is unrelated to the insurance underwriting process; (ii) settlement of pension plan obligations which are business decisions made by the Company, the timing of which is unrelated to the underwriting process; and (iii) other charges that are non-standard, not part of the ordinary course of business, and unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Goodwill impairment charges are excluded because they are infrequent and non-recurring charges. Significant non-recurring items are excluded because, by their nature, they are not indicative of the Company’s business or economic trends.
The preceding non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for the comparable GAAP financial measures, as they do not fully recognize the overall profitability of the Company’s businesses.
50

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance
Selected financial information for the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Premiums Written |  | $ | 1,852.7 |  |  | $ | 2,043.6 |  |  | $ | 830.6 |  |  | $ | 1,019.9 |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 1,876.5 |  |  | $ | 2,065.3 |  |  | $ | 932.3 |  |  | $ | 1,043.7 |
Net Investment Income |  | 83.0 |  |  | 68.9 |  |  | 44.5 |  |  | 34.0 |
Change in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 0.8 |  |  | (10.9) |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (2.5) |
Other Income |  | 1.6 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 1.0 |
Total Revenues |  | 1,961.9 |  |  | 2,126.0 |  |  | 977.9 |  |  | 1,076.2 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 1,589.3 |  |  | 1,841.9 |  |  | 763.9 |  |  | 930.2 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 25.8 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 6.2 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 56.6 |  |  | (18.2) |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | (14.4) |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | (1.4) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (0.2) |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | 1,670.3 |  |  | 1,832.5 |  |  | 805.4 |  |  | 921.8 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 381.3 |  |  | 404.7 |  |  | 187.5 |  |  | 205.4 |
Operating Loss |  | (89.7) |  |  | (111.2) |  |  | (15.0) |  |  | (51.0) |
Income Tax Benefit |  | 20.5 |  |  | 27.6 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 12.1 |
Segment Net Operating Loss |  | $ | (69.2) |  |  | $ | (83.6) |  |  | $ | (10.8) |  |  | $ | (38.9) |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 84.7 | % |  | 89.2 | % |  | 81.9 | % |  | 89.1 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 1.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 0.6 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 3.0 |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | (1.4) |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 89.0 |  |  | 88.7 |  |  | 86.4 |  |  | 88.3 |
Insurance Expense Ratio |  | 20.3 |  |  | 19.6 |  |  | 20.1 |  |  | 19.7 |
Combined Ratio |  | 109.3 | % |  | 108.3 | % |  | 106.5 | % |  | 108.0 | %
Underlying Combined Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 84.7 | % |  | 89.2 | % |  | 81.9 | % |  | 89.1 | %
Insurance Expense Ratio |  | 20.3 |  |  | 19.6 |  |  | 20.1 |  |  | 19.7 |
Underlying Combined Ratio |  | 105.0 | % |  | 108.8 | % |  | 102.0 | % |  | 108.8 | %
Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Combined Ratio |  | 109.3 | % |  | 108.3 | % |  | 106.5 | % |  | 108.0 | %
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 1.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 0.6 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 3.0 |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | (1.4) |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |
Underlying Combined Ratio |  | 105.0 | % |  | 108.8 | % |  | 102.0 | % |  | 108.8 | %

51

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Insurance Reserves

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Insurance Reserves: |  |  |  |
Personal Automobile |  | $ | 1,741.4 |  |  | $ | 1,875.8 |
Commercial Automobile |  | 530.8 |  |  | 445.3 |
Insurance Reserves |  | $ | 2,272.2 |  |  | $ | 2,321.1 |
Insurance Reserves: |  |  |  |
Loss and Allocated LAE Reserves: |  |  |  |
Case and Allocated LAE |  | $ | 1,061.7 |  |  | $ | 1,099.9 |
Incurred But Not Reported |  | 1,036.7 |  |  | 1,041.2 |
Total Loss and LAE Reserves |  | 2,098.4 |  |  | 2,141.1 |
Unallocated LAE Reserves |  | 173.8 |  |  | 180.0 |
Insurance Reserves |  | $ | 2,272.2 |  |  | $ | 2,321.1 |

See “Critical Accounting Estimates,” of the 2022 Annual Report for additional information pertaining to the Company’s process of estimating property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE from prior accident years, also referred to as “reserve development” in the discussion of segment results, estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, and a discussion of some of the variables that may impact development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE and the estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE.
Overall
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported a Segment Net Operating Loss of $69.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Segment Net Operating Loss of $83.6 million for the same period in 2022. Segment Net Operating Loss improved by $14.4 million mostly driven by a $31.4 million improvement from personal automobile insurance due primarily to higher average earned premiums per exposure resulting from rate increases and lower underlying claim frequency that were partially offset by unfavorable prior year loss and LAE development. The improvement in segment net operating loss was offset by a $17.0 million decrease in net income from our commercial automobile insurance business due primarily to an increase in the underlying loss ratio from higher claim frequency partially offset by higher average earned premium per exposure.
Earned Premiums in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $188.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to a decrease in new business resulting from targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability, partially offset by higher average earned premium per exposure from rate increases.
Net Investment Income in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment increased by $14.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher rates on Fixed Income Securities offset by lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and Equity Securities.
Income related to Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to loss of $10.9 million for the same period in 2022. Tax expenses related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments were $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to benefits of $4.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. This resulted in net income of $0.6 million and net loss of $6.8 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 84.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an improvement of 4.5 percentage points, compared to the same period in 2022, driven by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases offset mostly by higher claims frequency from commercial automobile insurance. Underlying losses and LAE exclude the impact of catastrophes and loss and LAE reserve development. Adverse loss and LAE
52

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $55.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to favorable development of $17.7 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $25.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $8.3 million for the same period in 2022, a deterioration of $17.5 million.
Insurance Expenses were $381.3 million, or 20.3% of earned premiums, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of 0.7 percent compared to the same period in 2022.
The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported a Segment Net Operating Loss of $10.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a Segment Net Operating Loss of $38.9 million for the same period in 2022. Segment Net Operating Loss improved by $28.1 million mostly driven by a $30.7 million improvement from personal automobile insurance due primarily to higher average earned premiums per exposure resulting from rate increases and lower underlying claim frequency that were partially offset by unfavorable prior year loss and LAE development and elevated catastrophe losses and LAE.
Earned Premiums in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $111.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to a decrease in new business resulting from targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability, partially offset by higher average earned premium per exposure from rate increases.
Net Investment Income in the Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment increased by $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher rates on Fixed Income Securities offset by lower returns on Equity Securities.
Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 81.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an improvement of 7.2 percentage points, compared to the same period in 2022, driven by personal automobile insurance due primarily to higher average earned premiums per exposure resulting from rate increases that were offset by unfavorable prior year loss and LAE development. Underlying losses and LAE exclude the impact of catastrophes and loss and LAE reserve development. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $24.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to favorable development of $14.6 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $17.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.2 million for the same period in 2022, an increase of $11.2 million.
Insurance Expenses were $187.5 million, or 20.1% of earned premiums, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of 0.4 percentage points compared to the same period in 2022.
The Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.
53

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Specialty Personal Automobile Insurance
Selected financial information for the personal automobile insurance product line follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Premiums Written |  | $ | 1,529.8 |  |  | $ | 1,737.1 |  |  | $ | 687.4 |  |  | $ | 852.3 |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 1,554.5 |  |  | $ | 1,807.5 |  |  | $ | 766.6 |  |  | $ | 905.8 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | $ | 1,336.3 |  |  | $ | 1,656.3 |  |  | $ | 638.7 |  |  | $ | 828.6 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 22.7 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 15.0 |  |  | 5.8 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 41.4 |  |  | (25.5) |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | (16.5) |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | (1.4) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (0.2) |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | $ | 1,399.0 |  |  | $ | 1,639.1 |  |  | $ | 670.8 |  |  | $ | 817.7 |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 85.9 | % |  | 91.7 | % |  | 83.3 | % |  | 91.5 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 1.5 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 0.6 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 2.7 |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | (1.8) |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 90.0 | % |  | 90.7 | % |  | 87.5 | % |  | 90.3 | %

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from personal automobile insurance decreased by $253.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to a decrease in new business driven by targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability, partially offset by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases. Incurred losses and LAE were $1,399.0 million, or 90.0% of earned premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $1,639.1 million, or 90.7% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due to improvement in underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premium driven by higher average earned premiums per exposure and underwriting actions that drove a lower frequency of claims, partially offset by adverse loss and LAE development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of related earned premiums were 85.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 91.7% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 5.8 points. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $40.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to favorable development of $25.0 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $22.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily driven by multiple California weather events in the first quarter of 2023 and numerous rain and hail events in the second quarter of 2023, compared to $7.8 million for the same period in 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from personal automobile insurance decreased by $139.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due to a decrease in new business driven by targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability, partially offset by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases. Incurred losses and LAE were $670.8 million, or 87.5% of earned premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $817.7 million, or 90.3% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due primarily to improvement in underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premium, partially offset by increases in catastrophe losses and LAE and prior year reserve development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of related earned premiums were 83.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 91.5% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 8.2 points driven by higher average earned premiums per exposure and underwriting actions drove a lower frequency of claims. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $17.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to favorable development of $16.7 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $15.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, driven by multiple rain and hail events, compared to $5.8 million for the same period in 2022.
54

Specialty Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Commercial Automobile Insurance
Selected financial information for the commercial automobile insurance product line follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Premiums Written |  | $ | 322.9 |  |  | $ | 306.5 |  |  | $ | 143.2 |  |  | $ | 167.6 |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 322.0 |  |  | $ | 257.8 |  |  | $ | 165.7 |  |  | $ | 137.9 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | $ | 253.0 |  |  | $ | 185.6 |  |  | $ | 125.2 |  |  | $ | 101.6 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 3.1 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 0.4 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 15.2 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | 2.1 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | $ | 271.3 |  |  | $ | 193.4 |  |  | $ | 134.6 |  |  | $ | 104.1 |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 78.6 | % |  | 72.0 | % |  | 75.6 | % |  | 73.7 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 0.3 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 4.7 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 1.5 |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 84.3 | % |  | 75.0 | % |  | 81.2 | % |  | 75.5 | %

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from commercial automobile insurance increased by $64.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher volume and higher average earned premium per exposure. Incurred losses and LAE were $271.3 million, or 84.3% of earned premiums in 2023, compared to $193.4 million, or 75.0% of earned premiums in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due primarily to a deterioration in underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums, as well as higher levels of adverse loss and LAE reserve development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 78.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 72.0% during the same time period in 2022, a deterioration of 6.6 percentage points due primarily to a higher frequency of bodily injury claims and higher severity trends from rising inflation and supply chain constraints. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $15.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to adverse development of $7.3 million for the same period in 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from commercial automobile insurance increased by $27.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher volume and higher average earned premium per exposure. Incurred losses and LAE were $134.6 million, or 81.2% of earned premiums in 2023, compared to $104.1 million, or 75.5% of earned premiums in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due primarily to higher underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums, as well as higher levels of adverse loss and LAE reserve development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 75.6% in the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 73.7% during the same time period in 2022, a deterioration of 1.9 percentage points due primarily to a higher frequency of bodily injury claims and higher severity trends from rising inflation and supply chain constraints. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $7.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to adverse development of $2.1 million for the same period in 2022.
55

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance
Selected financial information for the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Premiums Written |  | $ | 254.2 |  |  | $ | 278.7 |  |  | $ | 130.2 |  |  | $ | 141.3 |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 269.8 |  |  | $ | 305.5 |  |  | $ | 132.4 |  |  | $ | 149.9 |
Net Investment Income |  | 23.6 |  |  | 24.4 |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | 11.9 |
Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 0.3 |  |  | (5.0) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1.1) |
Total Revenues |  | 293.7 |  |  | 324.9 |  |  | 145.7 |  |  | 160.7 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 178.3 |  |  | 222.7 |  |  | 87.9 |  |  | 110.5 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 38.2 |  |  | 34.9 |  |  | 21.2 |  |  | 23.5 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 14.2 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 1.8 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | (2.7) |  |  | (4.0) |  |  | (5.6) |  |  | (0.8) |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | 228.0 |  |  | 257.5 |  |  | 110.8 |  |  | 135.0 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 81.6 |  |  | 98.5 |  |  | 38.6 |  |  | 47.3 |
Operating Loss |  | (15.9) |  |  | (31.1) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (21.6) |
Income Tax Benefit |  | 3.7 |  |  | 8.2 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 4.8 |
Segment Net Operating Loss |  | $ | (12.2) |  |  | $ | (22.9) |  |  | $ | (2.7) |  |  | $ | (16.8) |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 66.0 | % |  | 72.9 | % |  | 66.4 | % |  | 73.7 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 14.2 |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 16.0 |  |  | 15.7 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 5.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 1.2 |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (1.0) |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (4.2) |  |  | (0.5) |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 84.5 |  |  | 84.3 |  |  | 83.7 |  |  | 90.1 |
Insurance Expense Ratio |  | 30.2 |  |  | 32.2 |  |  | 29.2 |  |  | 31.6 |
Combined Ratio |  | 114.7 | % |  | 116.5 | % |  | 112.9 | % |  | 121.7 | %
Underlying Combined Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 66.0 | % |  | 72.9 | % |  | 66.4 | % |  | 73.7 | %
Insurance Expense Ratio |  | 30.2 |  |  | 32.2 |  |  | 29.2 |  |  | 31.6 |
Underlying Combined Ratio |  | 96.2 | % |  | 105.1 | % |  | 95.6 | % |  | 105.3 | %
Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Combined Ratio |  | 114.7 | % |  | 116.5 | % |  | 112.9 | % |  | 121.7 | %
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 14.2 |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 16.0 |  |  | 15.7 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 5.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 1.2 |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (1.0) |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (4.2) |  |  | (0.5) |
Underlying Combined Ratio |  | 96.2 | % |  | 105.1 | % |  | 95.6 | % |  | 105.3 | %

56

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Catastrophe Frequency and Severity

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Number of Events |  | Losses and LAE |  | Number of Events |  | Losses and LAE
Range of Losses and LAE Per Event: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Below $5 |  | 41 |  |  | $ | 38.2 |  |  | 33 |  |  | $ | 34.9 |
$5 - $10 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
$10 - $15 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
$15 - $20 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
$20 - $25 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Greater Than $25 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | 41 |  |  | $ | 38.2 |  |  | 33 |  |  | $ | 34.9 |

Insurance Reserves

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Insurance Reserves: |  |  |  |
Personal Automobile |  | $ | 276.8 |  |  | $ | 298.4 |
Homeowners |  | 87.8 |  |  | 91.8 |
Other |  | 27.2 |  |  | 28.9 |
Insurance Reserves |  | $ | 391.8 |  |  | $ | 419.1 |
Insurance Reserves: |  |  |  |
Loss and Allocated LAE Reserves: |  |  |  |
Case and Allocated LAE |  | $ | 248.9 |  |  | $ | 251.6 |
Incurred But Not Reported |  | 115.4 |  |  | 139.0 |
Total Loss and LAE Reserves |  | 364.3 |  |  | 390.6 |
Unallocated LAE Reserves |  | 27.5 |  |  | 28.5 |
Insurance Reserves |  | $ | 391.8 |  |  | $ | 419.1 |

See “Critical Accounting Estimates,” in the 2022 Annual Report for additional information pertaining to the Company’s process of estimating property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE from prior accident years, also referred to as “reserve development” in the discussion of segment results, estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, and a discussion of some of the variables that may impact development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE and the estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE.
Overall
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported a Segment Net Operating Loss of $12.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a Segment Net Operating Loss of $22.9 million for the same period in 2022. Segment Net Operating Loss improved by $10.7 million primarily driven by $4.4 million and $3.2 million improvements in Preferred Personal Automobile Insurance and Homeowners Insurance, respectively, as a result of rate increases and other targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability and a $3.0 million improvement from Other Personal Insurance.
Earned Premiums in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $35.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower Personal Automobile Insurance volumes as a result of ongoing profit improvement actions.
57

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Net Investment Income in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and Equity Securities offset by higher rates in Fixed Income Securities.
Income related to Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to loss of $5.0 million for the same period in 2022. Tax expenses related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments were $0.1 million and tax benefits of $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This resulted in a net income of $0.2 million and net loss of $3.1 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 66.0% and 72.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased as a result of higher average earned premiums per exposure resulting from rate increases and lower frequency of auto claims. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $38.2 million, in 2023, compared to $34.9 million in 2022, an increase of $3.3 million. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) increased due primarily to higher frequency of catastrophic events in 2023 compared to 2022. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $11.5 million for the six months ended 2023, compared to favorable development of $0.1 million for the same period in 2022.
Insurance expenses were $81.6 million, or 30.2% of earned premiums in 2023, an improvement of 2.0% percentage points compared to 2022.
The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income, and dividends received deductions.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported a Segment Net Operating Loss of $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a Segment Net Operating Loss of $16.8 million for the same period in 2022. Segment Net Operating Loss improved by $14.1 million mostly driven by a $10.1 million improvement from homeowners insurance due primarily to rate increases and other targeted underwriting actions to improve profitability and a $3.2 million improvement in Other Personal Insurance.
Earned Premiums in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $17.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower personal automobile insurance volumes as a result of ongoing profit improvement actions.
Net Investment Income in the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment increased by $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to higher rates on Fixed Income Securities offset by lower returns on Equity Securities.
Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 66.4% and 73.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased as a result of higher average earned premiums per exposure resulting from rate increases and lower frequency of auto claims. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $21.2 million in 2023, primarily driven by Florida and Texas weather events, compared to $23.5 million in 2022. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $1.7 million in 2023, compared to adverse development of $1.0 million for the same period in 2022.
Insurance expenses were $38.6 million, or 29.2% of earned premiums in 2023, an improvement of 2.4 percentage points compared to 2022.
The Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.
58

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Preferred Personal Automobile Insurance
Selected financial information for the personal automobile insurance product line follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Premiums Written |  | $ | 145.1 |  |  | $ | 168.8 |  |  | $ | 73.3 |  |  | $ | 84.6 |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 153.9 |  |  | $ | 190.0 |  |  | $ | 75.7 |  |  | $ | 94.0 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | $ | 124.3 |  |  | $ | 158.3 |  |  | $ | 61.6 |  |  | $ | 77.8 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 2.8 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 1.6 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 8.4 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | — |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | (0.6) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | $ | 134.9 |  |  | $ | 162.0 |  |  | $ | 67.6 |  |  | $ | 79.4 |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 80.8 | % |  | 83.3 | % |  | 81.4 | % |  | 82.8 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 1.7 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 5.5 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | — |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (0.4) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 87.7 | % |  | 85.3 | % |  | 89.3 | % |  | 84.5 | %

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums on personal automobile insurance decreased by $36.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume as a result of ongoing profit improvement actions. Incurred losses and LAE were $134.9 million, or 87.7% of earned premiums, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $162.0 million, or 85.3% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due primarily to unfavorable development on prior year losses and LAE, partially offset by lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 80.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 83.3% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 2.5 percentage points. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe loss reserve development) was $7.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to adverse development of $1.6 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $2.1 million in for the same period in 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums on preferred personal automobile insurance decreased by $18.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume as a result of ongoing profit improvement actions. Incurred losses and LAE were $67.6 million, or 89.3% of earned premiums, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $79.4 million, or 84.5% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due primarily to unfavorable development on prior year losses and LAE, partially offset by lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 81.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 82.8% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 1.4 percentage points. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe loss reserve development) was $4.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to no development for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.
59

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Homeowners Insurance
Selected financial information for the homeowners insurance product line follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Premiums Written |  | $ | 97.0 |  |  | $ | 94.7 |  |  | $ | 50.8 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 102.2 |  |  | $ | 99.0 |  |  | $ | 50.0 |  |  | $ | 47.7 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | $ | 46.9 |  |  | $ | 56.1 |  |  | $ | 23.0 |  |  | $ | 28.6 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 34.3 |  |  | 32.1 |  |  | 19.4 |  |  | 21.3 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 4.9 |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | (0.1) |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | (0.9) |  |  | (3.6) |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (0.8) |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | $ | 85.2 |  |  | $ | 82.9 |  |  | $ | 40.9 |  |  | $ | 49.0 |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 45.9 | % |  | 56.6 | % |  | 46.0 | % |  | 59.9 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 33.6 |  |  | 32.4 |  |  | 38.8 |  |  | 44.7 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 4.8 |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | (0.2) |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (0.9) |  |  | (3.6) |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | (1.7) |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 83.4 | % |  | 83.7 | % |  | 81.8 | % |  | 102.7 | %

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums in homeowners insurance increased by $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, driven by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases and non-renewal of the catastrophe aggregate reinsurance treaty. Incurred losses and LAE were $85.2 million, or 83.4% of earned premiums, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $82.9 million, or 83.7% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due primarily to lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums, partially offset by higher incurred catastrophe losses (excluding loss reserve development), and unfavorable development on prior year losses and LAE. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 45.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 56.6% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 10.7 percentage points. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $34.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $32.1 million for the same period in 2022. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe loss reserve development) was $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to favorable development of $5.3 million for the same period in 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums in homeowners insurance increased by $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 driven by higher average earned premium per exposure resulting from rate increases and non-renewal of the catastrophe aggregate reinsurance treaty. Incurred losses and LAE were $40.9 million, or 81.8% of earned premiums, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $49.0 million, or 102.7% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due to lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums, lower incurred catastrophe losses (excluding loss reserve development), and favorable development on prior year catastrophe losses and LAE, offset by unfavorable underlying loss and LAE development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 46.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 59.9% for the same period in 2022, a decrease of 13.9 percentage points. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $19.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $21.3 million for the same period in 2022. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe loss reserve development) was $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to favorable development of $0.9 million for the same period in 2022.
60

Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance (Continued)
Other Personal Insurance
Other personal insurance products include umbrella, dwelling fire, inland marine, earthquake, boat owners and other liability coverages. Selected financial information for other personal insurance product lines follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Net Premiums Written |  | $ | 12.1 |  |  | $ | 15.2 |  |  | $ | 6.1 |  |  | $ | 7.5 |
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 13.7 |  |  | $ | 16.5 |  |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | $ | 7.1 |  |  | $ | 8.3 |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 4.1 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 1.1 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.6 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 0.9 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.9 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | (1.2) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | $ | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 12.6 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |  |  | $ | 6.6 |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 51.9 | % |  | 50.4 | % |  | 49.2 | % |  | 50.0 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 8.0 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 7.3 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 6.6 |  |  | 24.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 23.2 |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | (8.8) |  |  | (3.0) |  |  | (17.9) |  |  | — |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 57.7 | % |  | 76.4 | % |  | 34.3 | % |  | 80.5 | %

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums in other personal insurance decreased by $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE was $7.9 million, or 57.7% of earned premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $12.6 million, or 76.4% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 51.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 50.4% for the same period in 2022, a deterioration of 1.5 percentage points. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding loss reserve development) was $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.7 million for the same period in 2022. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe losses development) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $0.3 million, compared to adverse development of $3.6 million for the same period in 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums in other personal insurance decreased by $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Incurred losses and LAE were $2.3 million, or 34.3% of earned premiums, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.6 million, or 80.5% of earned premiums, for the same period in 2022. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 49.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 50.0% for the same period in 2022, an improvement of 0.8 percentage points. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding loss reserve development) was $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.6 million for the same period in 2022. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe losses development) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $1.2 million, compared to adverse development of $1.9 million for the same period in 2022.
61

Life & Health Insurance
Selected financial information for the Life & Health Insurance segment follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 201.5 |  |  | $ | 286.8 |  |  | $ | 102.2 |  |  | $ | 144.0 |
Net Investment Income |  | 96.9 |  |  | 111.3 |  |  | 47.1 |  |  | 61.9 |
Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 0.4 |  |  | (5.7) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1.3) |
Other (Loss) Income |  | (0.3) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.8) |
Total Revenues |  | 298.5 |  |  | 391.6 |  |  | 149.6 |  |  | 203.8 |
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE |  | 138.2 |  |  | 184.2 |  |  | 68.3 |  |  | 94.3 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 135.4 |  |  | 171.5 |  |  | 71.2 |  |  | 85.6 |
Operating Income |  | 24.9 |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | 23.9 |
Income Tax Expense |  | (2.8) |  |  | (4.1) |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | (3.7) |
Segment Net Operating Income |  | $ | 22.1 |  |  | $ | 31.8 |  |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  | $ | 20.2 |

INSURANCE RESERVES

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Insurance Reserves: |  |  |  |
Future Policyholder Benefits |  | $ | 3,315.2 |  |  | $ | 3,218.5 |
Incurred Losses and LAE Reserves: |  |  |  |
Life |  | 44.2 |  |  | 53.3 |
Accident and Health |  | 4.4 |  |  | 4.3 |
Property |  | 2.6 |  |  | 2.3 |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE Reserves |  | 51.2 |  |  | 59.9 |
Insurance Reserves |  | $ | 3,366.4 |  |  | $ | 3,278.4 |

See Note 2 “Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the sub-caption “Insurance Reserves” for additional discussion in the 2022 Annual Report.
Overall
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Segment Net Operating Income in the Life & Health Insurance segment was $22.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Segment Net Operating Income of $31.8 million for the same period in 2022.
Earned Premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $85.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022 and lower volume on property insurance products.
Net Investment Income decreased by $14.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower returns from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, partially offset by higher rate earned on Fixed Income Securities.
Income related to Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to loss of $5.7 million for the same period in 2022. Tax expense related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments were $0.1 million and tax benefits of $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This resulted in net income of $0.3 million and net loss of $3.6 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
62

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE decreased by $46.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022 and lower current year property non-catastrophe losses and LAE.
Insurance Expenses in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $36.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022 and a reduction in expenses due to lower volume of property insurance products.
The Life & Health Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Segment Net Operating Income in the Life & Health Insurance segment was $8.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Segment Net Operating Income of $20.2 million for the same period in 2022.
Earned Premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $41.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022 and lower volume on life and property insurance products.
Net Investment Income decreased by $14.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower returns from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, partially offset by higher rate earned on Fixed Income Securities and Equity Securities.
Income related to Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments was $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to loss of $1.3 million for the same period in 2022. There were no tax expenses related to the Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to tax benefits of $0.3 million for the same period in 2022. This resulted in net income of $0.2 million and net loss of $1.0 million attributable to Alternative Energy Partnership Investments for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE decreased by $26.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022, changes in mortality experience and lower current year property non-catastrophe losses and LAE.
Insurance Expenses in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $14.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022 and a reduction in expenses due to lower volume of property insurance products.
The Life & Health Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to investments in Company-Owned Life Insurance, tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions.
63

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)
Life Insurance
Selected financial information for the life insurance product line follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 167.0 |  |  | $ | 169.5 |  |  | $ | 84.8 |  |  | $ | 86.8 |
Net Investment Income |  | 96.1 |  |  | 108.0 |  |  | 46.6 |  |  | 60.1 |
Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | 0.4 |  |  | (5.3) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (1.3) |
Other (Loss) Income |  | (0.5) |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.1) |
Total Revenues |  | 263.0 |  |  | 271.1 |  |  | 131.6 |  |  | 144.5 |
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE |  | 124.1 |  |  | 125.3 |  |  | 60.0 |  |  | 64.9 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 118.4 |  |  | 117.1 |  |  | 62.3 |  |  | 58.9 |
Operating Income |  | 20.5 |  |  | 28.7 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 20.7 |
Income Tax Expense |  | (1.9) |  |  | (2.7) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (3.0) |
Total Product Line Net Operating Income |  | $ | 18.6 |  |  | $ | 26.0 |  |  | $ | 8.3 |  |  | $ | 17.7 |

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from life insurance decreased by $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume of life insurance products, partially offset by increased average premium rate. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE on life insurance were $124.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $125.3 million for the same period in 2022, a decrease of $1.2 million due primarily to changes in mortality experience.
Insurance Expenses increased by $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from life insurance decreased by $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to lower volume of life insurance products, partially offset by increased average premium rate. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE on life insurance were $60.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $64.9 million for the same period 2022, a decrease of $4.9 million due primarily to improved mortality experience.
Insurance Expenses increased by $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022.
64

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)
Accident and Health Insurance
Selected financial information for the accident and health insurance product line follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 11.7 |  |  | $ | 90.9 |  |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | 45.1 |
Net Investment Income |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Income |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.3 |
Total Revenues |  | 11.9 |  |  | 92.8 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 46.4 |
Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE |  | 7.1 |  |  | 48.0 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 24.5 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 5.1 |  |  | 40.9 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 20.1 |
Operating (Loss) Income |  | (0.3) |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | (2.3) |  |  | 1.8 |
Income Tax Benefit (Expense) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (0.4) |
Total Product Line Net Operating (Loss) Income |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | 3.1 |  |  | $ | (1.8) |  |  | $ | 1.4 |

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from accident and health insurance decreased by $79.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE on accident and health insurance were $7.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $48.0 million for the same period in 2022, with the decrease due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022.
Insurance Expenses decreased by $35.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from accident and health insurance decreased by $39.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022. Policyholders’ Benefit and Incurred Losses and LAE on accident and health insurance were $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $24.5 million for the same period in 2022, with the decrease due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022.
Insurance Expenses decreased by $17.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to the disposition of Reserve National in December 2022.
65

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)
Property Insurance
Selected financial information for the property insurance product line follows.

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Earned Premiums |  | $ | 22.8 |  |  | $ | 26.4 |  |  | $ | 11.6 |  |  | $ | 12.1 |
Net Investment Income |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.8 |
Changes in Value of Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | — |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Revenues |  | 23.6 |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 12.9 |
Incurred Losses and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 4.4 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 3.6 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.6 |
Prior Years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |
Catastrophe Losses and LAE |  | 0.2 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Total Incurred Losses and LAE |  | 7.0 |  |  | 10.9 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 4.9 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 11.9 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 6.6 |
Operating Income |  | 4.7 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 1.4 |
Income Tax Expense |  | (1.0) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.3) |
Total Product Line Net Operating Income |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |
Ratios Based On Earned Premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 19.3 | % |  | 29.1 | % |  | 19.0 | % |  | 29.7 | %
Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 6.1 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 5.0 |
Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 4.4 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 4.1 |
Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio |  | 0.9 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio |  | 30.7 | % |  | 41.3 | % |  | 27.6 | % |  | 40.5 | %

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from property insurance decreased by $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume of property insurance products. Incurred losses and LAE on property insurance were $7.0 million, or 30.7% of earned premiums, for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $10.9 million, or 41.3% of earned premiums for the same period in 2022. Underlying losses and LAE were $4.4 million, or 19.3% of earned premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $7.7 million, or 29.1% of earned premiums for the same period in 2022, a decrease of 9.8 percentage points due primarily to lower claim frequency and severity. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding loss reserve development) were $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $1.0 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE increased $0.4 million due primarily to higher frequency of catastrophe claims. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to adverse development of $2.2 million in the same period in 2022.
Insurance expenses decreased $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to lower volume of property insurance products.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Same Period in 2022
Earned Premiums from property insurance decreased by $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to lower volume of property insurance products. Incurred losses and LAE on property insurance were $3.2 million, or 27.6% of earned premiums, for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $4.9 million, or 40.5% of earned premiums for the same period in 2022. Underlying losses and LAE were $2.2 million, or 19.0% of
66

Life & Health Insurance (Continued)
earned premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $3.6 million, or 29.7% of earned premiums for the same period in 2022, a decrease of 10.7 percentage points due primarily to lower claim frequency and severity. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding loss reserve development) were $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.6 million for the same period in 2022. Catastrophe losses and LAE increased by $0.2 million due primarily to higher frequency of catastrophe claims. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to adverse development of $0.7 million for the same period in 2022.
Insurance expenses decreased $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to lower volume of property insurance products.
Investment Results
Net Investment Income
Net Investment Income for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Investment Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on Fixed Income Securities |  | $ | 173.3 |  |  | $ | 141.5 |  |  | $ | 87.1 |  |  | $ | 72.8 |
Dividends on Equity Securities Excluding Alternative Investments |  | 2.2 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.7 |
Alternative Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments |  | 3.9 |  |  | 28.6 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 15.3 |
Limited Liability Investments Included in Equity Securities |  | 8.9 |  |  | 26.1 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 18.5 |
Total Alternative Investments |  | 12.8 |  |  | 54.7 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 33.8 |
Short-term Investments |  | 5.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 0.2 |
Loans to Policyholders |  | 10.5 |  |  | 10.8 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 5.3 |
Real Estate |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 2.3 |
Company-Owned Life Insurance |  | 16.2 |  |  | 18.1 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 9.8 |
Other |  | 8.3 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 1.7 |
Total Investment Income |  | 233.5 |  |  | 236.5 |  |  | 120.7 |  |  | 127.6 |
Investment Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate |  | 4.3 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1.0 |
Other Investment Expenses |  | 21.1 |  |  | 14.5 |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | 8.1 |
Total Investment Expenses |  | 25.4 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 9.1 |
Net Investment Income |  | $ | 208.1 |  |  | $ | 218.5 |  |  | $ | 106.3 |  |  | $ | 118.5 |

Net Investment Income was $208.1 million and $218.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net Investment Income decreased by $10.4 million in 2023 due primarily to lower returns on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and Equity Securities offset by higher rate earned on Fixed Income Securities.
Net Investment Income was $106.3 million and $118.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net Investment Income decreased by $12.2 million in 2023 due primarily to lower returns on Equity Securities and Equity Method Limited Liability Investments offset by higher rate earned on Fixed Income Securities.
Income and distributions on Alternative Investments can fluctuate significantly between periods as they are influenced by operating performance of the underlying investments, changes in market or economic conditions or the timing of asset sales.
67

Investment Results (Continued)
Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses) for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Recognized in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities |  | $ | 4.1 |  |  | $ | (68.7) |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | (40.5) |
Gains on Sales |  | 1.8 |  |  | 15.9 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 13.5 |
Losses on Sales |  | (9.5) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (6.2) |  |  | (2.8) |
(Losses) Gains on Hedging Activity |  | (0.3) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (8.7) |  |  | 0.3 |
Impairment Gains (Losses) |  | 1.2 |  |  | (13.8) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (4.9) |
Net Losses Recognized in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss |  | (2.7) |  |  | (70.0) |  |  | (12.9) |  |  | (34.4) |
Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 103.9 |  |  | (1,232.2) |  |  | (75.9) |  |  | (580.3) |
Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses) |  | $ | 101.2 |  |  | $ | (1,302.2) |  |  | $ | (88.8) |  |  | $ | (614.7) |

Total Comprehensive Investment Gains were $101.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to Total Comprehensive Investment Losses of $1,302.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase of $1,403.4 million was primarily due to a decrease in the Company’s unrealized loss position on the fixed income bond portfolio.
Total Comprehensive Investment Losses were $88.8 million and $614.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The decrease of $525.9 million was primarily due to a decrease in the Company’s unrealized loss position on the fixed income bond portfolio.
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities
The components of Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Preferred Stocks |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | (3.5) |
Common Stocks |  | (0.2) |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (1.7) |
Other Equity Interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exchange Traded Funds |  | 0.4 |  |  | (45.5) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (14.6) |
Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships |  | 2.6 |  |  | (12.2) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | (16.7) |
Total Other Equity Interests |  | 3.0 |  |  | (57.7) |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | (31.3) |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity Securities |  | 3.1 |  |  | (64.9) |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | (36.5) |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Convertible Securities |  | 1.0 |  |  | (3.8) |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | (4.0) |
Income (Loss) from Change in Fair Value of Equity and Convertible Securities |  | $ | 4.1 |  |  | $ | (68.7) |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | (40.5) |

68

Investment Results (Continued)
Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Sales of Investment
The components of Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains on Sales |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 13.4 |
Losses on Sales |  | (9.3) |  |  | (3.6) |  |  | (6.0) |  |  | (2.8) |
(Losses) Gains on Hedging Activity |  | (0.3) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (8.7) |  |  | 0.3 |
Equity Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains on Sales |  | 0.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Losses on Sales |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains on Sales |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Losses on Sales |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |
Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains |  | $ | (8.0) |  |  | $ | 12.5 |  |  | $ | (14.4) |  |  | $ | 11.0 |
Gross Gains on Sales |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 13.5 |
Gross Losses on Sales |  | (9.5) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (6.2) |  |  | (2.8) |
(Losses) Gains on Hedging Activity |  | (0.3) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (8.7) |  |  | 0.3 |
Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains |  | $ | (8.0) |  |  | $ | 12.5 |  |  | $ | (14.4) |  |  | $ | 11.0 |

Impairment Gains (Losses)
The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to determine whether a decline in the fair value of an investment has occurred from credit or other, non-credit related factors. If the decline in fair value is due to credit factors and the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to support the entire amortized cost basis, the credit loss is reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss in the period that the declines are evaluated. Conversely, an increase in the fair value or disposal of an investment with a previously established credit allowance will result in the recognition of impairment gain reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss in the period.
The components of Impairment Gains (Losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Amount |  | Number of Issuers |  | Amount |  | Number of Issuers |  | Amount |  | Number of Issuers |  | Amount |  | Number of Issuers
Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | 18 |  |  | $ | (13.8) |  |  | 17 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | $ | (4.9) |  |  | 12 |
Securities Receivable |  | (0.8) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage Loans |  | (0.1) |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impairment Gains (Losses) |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  |  |  | $ | (13.8) |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.9) |  |  |  |  | $ | (4.9) |  |  |

Investment Quality and Concentrations
The Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio is comprised primarily of high-grade corporate, municipal and agency bonds. At June 30, 2023, 95.9% of the Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio was rated investment-grade, which the Company defines as a security issued by a high quality obligor with at least a relatively stable credit profile and where it is highly likely that all contractual payments of principal and interest will timely occur and carry a rating from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) of 1 or 2. Securities with a rating of 1 or 2 from the NAIC typically are rated by one of more Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations and either have a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB
69

Investment Quality and Concentrations (Continued)
from Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”); a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”); or a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from Fitch Ratings.
The following table summarizes the credit quality of the Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
NAIC Rating |  | Rating |  | Fair Value |  | Percentage |  | Fair Value |  | Percentage
1 |  | AAA, AA, A |  | $ | 5,008.0 |  |  | 72.1 | % |  | $ | 4,896.4 |  |  | 71.0 | %
2 |  | BBB |  | 1,653.2 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 1,687.4 |  |  | 24.5 |
3-4 |  | BB, B |  | 214.7 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 239.7 |  |  | 3.5 |
5-6 |  | CCC or Lower |  | 67.9 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 71.3 |  |  | 1.0 |
Total Investments in Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 6,943.8 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 6,894.8 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in below-investment-grade fixed maturities were $30.1 million and $32.8 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in governmental fixed maturities at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Percentage of Total Investments |  | Fair Value |  | Percentage of Total Investments
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities |  | $ | 545.5 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | $ | 528.0 |  |  | 6.0 | %
States and Political Subdivisions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue Bonds |  | 1,259.8 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 1,324.3 |  |  | 15.1 |
States |  | 122.1 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 143.8 |  |  | 1.6 |
Political Subdivisions |  | 79.1 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 100.8 |  |  | 1.1 |
Foreign Governments |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | — |
Total Investments in Governmental Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 2,010.5 |  |  | 22.6 | % |  | $ | 2,101.0 |  |  | 23.8 | %

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in non-governmental fixed maturities by industry at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

|  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Percentage of Total Investments |  | Fair Value |  | Percentage of Total Investments
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate |  | $ | 2,083.8 |  |  | 23.4 | % |  | $ | 2,007.5 |  |  | 22.8 | %
Manufacturing |  | 1,080.1 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 1,085.9 |  |  | 12.4 |
Transportation, Communication and Utilities |  | 776.6 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 733.7 |  |  | 8.3 |
Services |  | 637.9 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 602.4 |  |  | 6.9 |
Mining |  | 171.8 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 173.3 |  |  | 2.0 |
Retail Trade |  | 150.1 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 165.1 |  |  | 1.9 |
Construction |  | 9.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 11.7 |  |  | 0.1 |
Other |  | 23.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Total Investments in Non-governmental Fixed Maturities |  | $ | 4,933.3 |  |  | 55.4 | % |  | $ | 4,793.8 |  |  | 54.6 | %

70

Investment Quality and Concentrations (Continued)
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in non-governmental fixed maturities by range of amount invested at June 30, 2023.

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Number of Issues |  | Aggregate Fair Value
Below $5 |  | 700 |  |  | $ | 1,479.6 |
$5 -$10 |  | 187 |  |  | 1,404.6 |
$10 - $20 |  | 107 |  |  | 1,445.5 |
$20 - $30 |  | 19 |  |  | 456.8 |
Greater Than $30 |  | 4 |  |  | 146.8 |
Total |  | 1,017 |  |  | $ | 4,933.3 |

The Company’s short-term investments primarily consist of money market funds and short term bonds. At June 30, 2023, the Company had $305.2 million invested in money market funds which primarily invest in U.S. Treasury securities and $100.7 million invested in U.S. treasury bills and short-term bonds.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s ten largest investment exposures in a single issuer, excluding investments in U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities and Short-term Investments, at June 30, 2023:

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Percentage of Total Investments
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |
States including their Political Subdivisions: |  |  |  |
California |  | $ | 132.9 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Texas |  | 130.8 |  |  | 1.5 |
Michigan |  | 85.4 |  |  | 1.0 |
New York |  | 78.2 |  |  | 0.9 |
Georgia |  | 73.1 |  |  | 0.8 |
Louisiana |  | 64.6 |  |  | 0.7 |
Pennsylvania |  | 59.2 |  |  | 0.7 |
Florida |  | 56.2 |  |  | 0.6 |
Colorado |  | 49.8 |  |  | 0.5 |
Missouri |  | 43.8 |  |  | 0.5 |
Total |  | $ | 774.0 |  |  | 8.7 | %

71

Investments in Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships
The Company owns investments in various limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships that primarily invest in mezzanine debt, distressed debt, real estate and senior debt. The Company’s investments in these limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships are reported either as Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, Other Equity Interests and included in Equity Securities at Fair Value, or Equity Securities at Modified Cost depending on the accounting method used to report the investment. Additional information pertaining to these investments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below.

|  | Unfunded Commitment |  | Reported Value |  |
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022 |  |
Reported as Equity Method Limited Liability Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mezzanine Debt |  | $ | 47.0 |  |  | $ | 125.6 |  |  | $ | 114.3 |  |  |
Senior Debt |  | 41.1 |  |  | 21.8 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  |
Distressed Debt |  | — |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  |
Secondary Transactions |  | 1.7 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  |
Leveraged Buyout |  | 0.7 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |
Growth Equity |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |
Real Estate |  | — |  |  | 41.5 |  |  | 43.3 |  |  |
Hedge Fund |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |
Other |  | — |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  |
Total Equity Method Limited Liability Investments |  | 90.5 |  |  | 225.1 |  |  | 217.0 |  |  |
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments |  | — |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 16.3 |  |  |
Reported as Other Equity Interests at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mezzanine Debt |  | 66.2 |  |  | 115.8 |  |  | 106.0 |  |  |
Senior Debt |  | 13.4 |  |  | 22.4 |  |  | 21.9 |  |  |
Distressed Debt |  | 13.3 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  |
Secondary Transactions |  | 3.1 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |
Hedge Funds |  | — |  |  | 14.9 |  |  | 18.1 |  |  |
Leveraged Buyout |  | 7.8 |  |  | 22.5 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  |
Growth Equity |  | 6.7 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  |
Real Estate |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |
Total Reported as Other Equity Interests at Fair Value |  | 110.7 |  |  | 197.0 |  |  | 189.1 |  |  |
Reported as Equity Securities at Modified Cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | — |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |
Total Reported as Equity Securities at Modified Cost |  | — |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |
Total Investments in Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships |  | $ | 201.2 |  |  | $ | 444.9 |  |  | $ | 430.7 |  |  |

The Company expects that it will be required to fund its commitments over the next several years. The Company expects that the proceeds from distributions from these investments will be the primary source of funding of such commitments.
72

Insurance, Interest, and Other Expenses
Expenses for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were:

|  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022 |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jun 30, 2022
Insurance Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions |  | $ | 332.2 |  |  | $ | 382.8 |  |  | $ | 165.3 |  |  | $ | 190.9 |
General Expenses |  | 168.7 |  |  | 178.5 |  |  | 74.5 |  |  | 91.4 |
Taxes, Licenses and Fees |  | 44.1 |  |  | 50.6 |  |  | 20.5 |  |  | 25.2 |
Total Costs Incurred |  | 545.0 |  |  | 611.9 |  |  | 260.3 |  |  | 307.5 |
Net Policy Acquisition Costs (Deferred) Amortized |  | (10.6) |  |  | (2.2) |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | (0.5) |
Amortization of Value of Business Acquired (“VOBA”) |  | 1.0 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.7 |
Insurance Expenses |  | 535.4 |  |  | 612.5 |  |  | 266.1 |  |  | 307.7 |
Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt |  | — |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest and Other Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Expense |  | 28.1 |  |  | 26.7 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 14.0 |
Other Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs |  | 58.6 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | 29.5 |  |  | 9.9 |
Other |  | 69.0 |  |  | 66.3 |  |  | 34.8 |  |  | 29.6 |
Other Expenses |  | 127.6 |  |  | 80.9 |  |  | 64.3 |  |  | 39.5 |
Interest and Other Expenses |  | 155.7 |  |  | 107.6 |  |  | 78.3 |  |  | 53.5 |
Goodwill Impairment |  | 49.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 49.6 |  |  | — |
Total Expenses |  | $ | 740.7 |  |  | $ | 723.8 |  |  | $ | 394.0 |  |  | $ | 361.2 |

Insurance Expenses
Insurance Expenses were $535.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $612.5 million for the same period in 2022. Insurance Expenses decreased by $77.1 million in 2023 due primarily to lower expenses from less business being written.
Insurance Expenses were $266.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $307.7 million for the same period in 2022. Insurance Expenses decreased by $41.6 million in 2023 due primarily to lower expenses from less business being written.
Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt
Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt decreased by $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022 due to the redemption of the 2022 Senior Notes.
Interest and Other Expenses
Interest expense increased by $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the addition of the 2032 Senior Notes and the 2062 Junior Debentures.
Other expenses increased by $46.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to increases in Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs.
Other expenses increased by $24.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, due primarily to increases in Acquisition and Disposition Related Transaction, Integration, Restructuring and Other Costs.
Goodwill Impairment
Goodwill Impairments increased $49.6 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 due to the impairment of goodwill related to the Preferred Property & Casualty Insurance segment. See Note 3 “Goodwill,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
73

Income Taxes
The federal corporate statutory income tax rate was 21% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022. The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal corporate income tax rate due primarily to (1) the effects of tax-exempt investment income, (2) nontaxable income associated with the change in cash surrender value on Company-Owned Life Insurance, (3) Alternative Energy Partnership Investment and general business tax credits, (4) a permanent difference between the amount of long-term equity-based compensation expense recognized under GAAP and the amount deductible in the computation of Federal taxable income (5) a permanent difference associated with nondeductible executive compensation, and (6) an impairment of non-tax deductible goodwill.
The Inflation Reduction Act (H.R. 5376 or the "Law") was signed into law on August 16, 2022, and became generally effective on January 1, 2023. Included in the provisions of the Law are various changes to the tax code, including the establishment of a Corporate Alternative Minimum tax. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the Law and does not expect a material impact. The Company will continue to monitor guidance as it is released by the Internal Revenue Service and United States Treasury.
Tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions collectively were $13.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $12.3 million for the same period in 2022. Tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions collectively were $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.0 million for the same period in 2022.
The nontaxable increase in cash surrender value on Company-Owned Life Insurance was $16.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $18.1 million for the same period in 2022. The nontaxable increase in cash surrender value on Company-Owned Life Insurance was $7.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $9.8 million for the same period in 2022.
The Company recaptured investment tax credits of $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to realized investment tax credits of $3.5 million for the same period in 2022. The Company did not realize or recapture investment tax credits for the three months ended June 30, 2023 or for the same period in 2022.
The amount of expense recognized for long-term equity-based compensation expense under GAAP was $0.5 million higher than the amount that would be deductible under the IRC for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.1 million higher for the same period in 2022. The amount of expense recognized for long-term equity-based compensation expense under GAAP was $0.5 million higher than the amount that would be deductible under the IRC for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $1.5 million higher for the same period in 2022.
The amount of nondeductible executive compensation was $7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.2 million for the same period in 2022. The amount of nondeductible executive compensation was $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $3.1 million for the same period in 2022.
The total impairment of non-tax deductible goodwill was $30.0 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023. No impairment of non-tax deductible goodwill was recorded in the six and three months ended June 30, 2022.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company has adopted all recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates prior to June 30, 2023.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12. The Company’s adoption of LDTI was effective January 1, 2023 under the modified retrospective transition method. See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Other than discussed above, there were no adoptions of such accounting pronouncements during the six months ended June 30, 2023 that had a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
74

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Amended and Extended Credit Agreement
On March 15, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and extended credit agreement. The amended and extended credit agreement increased the borrowing capacity of the existing unsecured credit agreement to $600.0 million and extended the maturity date to March 15, 2027. Furthermore, the amended and extended credit agreement provides for an accordion feature whereby the Company can increase the revolving credit borrowing capacity by and additional $200.0 million for a total of maximum capacity of $800.0 million. Financial covenants within the agreement limit the Company from accessing the maximum capacity. The amount available as of June 30, 2023 was $460.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement at either June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Long-term Debt
The Company designates debt obligations as either short-term or long-term based on maturity date at issuance, or in the case of the 2022 Senior Notes, based on the date of assumption. Total amortized cost of Long-term Debt outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was:

(Dollars in Millions) |  | Jun 30, 2023 |  | Dec 31, 2022
Senior Notes: |  |  |  |
4.350% Senior Notes due February 15, 2025 |  | $ | 449.5 |  |  | $ | 449.3 |
2.400% Senior Notes due September 30, 2030 |  | 396.8 |  |  | 396.6 |
3.800% Senior Notes due February 23, 2032 |  | 395.7 |  |  | 395.5 |
5.875% Fixed-Rate Reset Junior Subordinated Debentures Due 2062 |  | 146.1 |  |  | 145.5 |
Total Long-term Debt Outstanding |  | $ | 1,388.1 |  |  | $ | 1,386.9 |

See Note 17, “Debt,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Company’s long-term debt.
Federal Home Loan Bank Agreements
Kemper’s subsidiaries, United Insurance Company of America (“United Insurance”), Trinity Universal Insurance Company (“Trinity”), and American Access Casualty Company (“AAC”) are members of the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) of Chicago, Dallas and Chicago respectively. Alliance United Insurance Company (“Alliance”) was a member of the FHLB of San Francisco until it surrendered all California licenses on January 30, 2023 and ceased to exist as an insurance company. American Access Casualty Company became a member of the FHLB of Chicago in May 2022. United Insurance and Trinity became members of the FHLBs of Chicago and Dallas, respectively, in 2013. Under their memberships, United Insurance, Trinity and AAC may borrow through the advance program of their respective FHLB. As a requirement of membership in the FHLB, United Insurance, Trinity and AAC must maintain certain levels of investment in FHLB common stock and additional amounts based on the level of outstanding borrowings. The Company’s investments in FHLB common stock are reported at cost and included in Other Investments. The carrying value of FHLB of Chicago common stock was $17.5 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The carrying value of FHLB of Dallas common stock was $3.5 million and $3.4 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The carrying value of FHLB of San Francisco common stock was $1.4 million at December 31, 2022. The Company periodically uses short-term FHLB borrowings for a combination of cash management and risk management purposes, in addition to long-term FHLB borrowings for spread lending purposes.
During the first six months of 2023, United Insurance received advances of $114.2 million from the FHLB of Chicago and made repayments of $114.2 million. United Insurance had outstanding advances from the FHLB of Chicago totaling $601.0 million at June 30, 2023. These advances were made in connection with the Company’s spread lending program. The proceeds related to these advances were used to purchase fixed maturity securities to earn incremental net investment income.
With respect to these advances, United Insurance held pledged securities in a custodial account with the FHLB of Chicago with a fair value of $756.5 million at June 30, 2023. The fair value of the collateral pledged must be maintained at certain specified levels above the borrowed amount, which can vary depending on the assets pledged. If the fair value of the collateral declines below these specified levels of the amount borrowed, United Insurance would be required to pledge additional collateral or repay outstanding borrowings. See Note 16, “Policyholder Obligations,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the United Insurance advances and related funding agreements.
75

Liquidity and Capital Resources (Continued)
Common Stock Repurchases
On May 6, 2020, Kemper’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $200.0 million of Kemper’s common stock, in addition to $133.3 million remaining under the August 6, 2014 authorization, bringing the remaining share repurchase authorization to approximately $333.3 million. As of June 30, 2023 the remaining share repurchase authorization under the repurchase program was $171.6 million. The amount and timing of any future share repurchases under the authorization will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, available liquidity, particular circumstances and other considerations.
During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Kemper did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.
Dividends to Shareholders
Kemper paid a quarterly dividend to shareholders of $0.31 per common share in the second quarter of 2023. Dividends and dividend equivalents paid were $39.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Subsidiary Dividends
Various insurance laws restrict the ability of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends without regulatory approval. Such insurance laws generally restrict the amount of dividends paid in an annual period to the greater of statutory net income from the previous year or 10% of statutory capital and surplus. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries collectively paid $103.0 million in dividends to Kemper during the first six months of 2023. Kemper estimates that its direct insurance subsidiaries would be able to pay approximately $77.9 million in additional dividends to Kemper during the remainder of 2023 without prior regulatory approval.
Sources and Uses of Funds
Kemper and its direct non-insurance subsidiaries directly held cash and investments totaling $220.3 million at June 30, 2023, compared to $417.6 million at December 31, 2022.
The primary sources of funds available for repayment of Kemper’s indebtedness, repurchases of common stock, future shareholder dividend payments, and the payment of interest on Kemper’s senior notes and term loan, include cash and investments directly held by Kemper, receipt of dividends from Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries and borrowings under the credit agreement and from subsidiaries.
The primary sources of funds for Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are premiums, investment income, proceeds from the sales, and maturity of investments, advances from the FHLBs of Chicago and Dallas, and capital contributions from Kemper. The primary uses of funds are the payment of policyholder benefits under life insurance contracts, claims under property and casualty insurance contracts and accident and health insurance contracts, the payment of commissions and general expenses, the purchase of investments and repayments of advances from the FHLBs of Chicago and Dallas.
Generally, there is a time lag between when premiums are collected and when policyholder benefits and insurance claims are paid. During periods of growth, property and casualty insurance companies typically experience positive operating cash flows and are able to invest a portion of their operating cash flows to fund future policyholder benefits and claims. During periods in which premium revenues decline, insurance companies may experience negative cash flows from operations and may need to sell investments to fund payments to policyholders and claimants. In addition, if the Company’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries experience several significant catastrophic events over a relatively short period of time, investments may be sold to fund payments, which could result in investment gains or losses. Management believes that its property and casualty insurance subsidiaries maintain adequate levels of liquidity in the event that they were to experience several future catastrophic events over a relatively short period of time.
76

Liquidity and Capital Resources (Continued)
Information about the Company’s cash flows for six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is presented below.

DOLLARS IN MILLIONS |  |  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022 |  |
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |  |  | $ | (65.9) |  |  | $ | (90.0) |  |  |
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (35.1) |  |  | (132.5) |  |  |
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities |  |  | (37.8) |  |  | 422.9 |  |  |

Cash available for investment activities in total is dependent on cash flow from Operating Activities and Financing Activities and the level of cash the Company elects to maintain.
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in Operating Activities was $65.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $90.0 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in cash used in Operating Activities was primarily due to a $124.7 million federal income tax refund that was received in first quarter 2023, partially offset by timing of paid losses on claims within the P&C business.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in Investing Activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $35.1 million, compared to $132.5 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease in cash used in Investing Activities was primarily driven by the ongoing management of our investment portfolio that was impacted by a decrease in new business written from our Property and Casualty operations.
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash used in Financing Activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $37.8 million, compared to cash provided of $422.9 million for the same period in 2022, a decrease of $460.7 million. This was primarily due to a decrease in debt raising activities in 2023.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Kemper’s subsidiaries conduct their operations in two industries: property and casualty insurance and life and health insurance. Accordingly, the Company is subject to several industry-specific accounting principles under GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The process of estimation is inherently uncertain. Accordingly, actual results could ultimately differ materially from the estimated amounts reported in a company’s financial statements. Different assumptions are likely to result in different estimates of reported amounts.
The Company’s critical accounting policies most sensitive to estimates include the valuation of investments, the valuation of reserves for property and casualty insurance incurred losses and LAE, the valuation of liability for future policyholder benefits, the assessment of recoverability of goodwill, the valuation of pension benefit obligations, and the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The Company’s critical accounting policies are described in the MD&A included in the 2022 Annual Report. There have been no material changes to the information disclosed in the 2022 Annual Report with respect to these critical accounting estimates and the Company’s significant accounting policies, other than the addition of significant accounting policies related to the adoption of ASU 2018-12 included in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes to the Company’s disclosures about market risk in Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk of Part II of the 2022 Annual Report. Accordingly, no disclosures about market risk have been made in Item 3 of this Form 10-Q.
77

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
The Company’s management, with the participation of Kemper’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, Kemper’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by Kemper in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms, and accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including Kemper’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting.
There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Items not listed here have been omitted because they are inapplicable or the answer is negative.
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information concerning pending legal proceedings is incorporated herein by reference to Note 20, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I of this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of the Company’s significant risk factors, see Item 1A. of Part I of the 2022 Annual Report. Readers are also advised to consider other factors not presently known by, or considered material to, the Company that could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, along with other information disclosed in the 2022 Annual Report and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the factors set forth under the caption “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 1 of the 2022 Annual Report and on page 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and to consult any further disclosures Kemper makes on related subjects in its filings with the SEC.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On May 6, 2020, Kemper’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $200.0 million of Kemper common stock, in addition to the $133.3 million remaining under the August 6, 2014 authorization, bringing the remaining share repurchase authorization to approximately $333.3 million. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining share repurchase authorization was $171.6 million under the repurchase program. During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, Kemper did not repurchase any shares. As of June 30, 2023, the remaining share repurchase authorization was $171.6 million under the repurchase program.
All purchases were made in the open market in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Securities Trading Plans of Executive Officers and Directors
The Company’s Insider Trading Policy permits executive officers and directors to enter into trading plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of the Company’s executive officers or directors adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).
78

Item 6. Exhibits
The Exhibit Index that follows has been filed as part of this report. Exhibit numbers correspond to the numbering system in Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
Exhibit Index
The following exhibits are either filed as a part hereof or are incorporated by reference. Exhibit numbers followed by an asterisk (*) indicate exhibits that are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  |
Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File Number |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Filed or Furnished Herewith
10.1* |  | Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement as of May 2, 2023 under the 2023 Omnibus Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.2* |  | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option and SAR Award Agreement (Cliff-Vesting) as of May 2, 2023 under the 2023 Omnibus Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.3* |  | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option and SAR Award Agreement (Installment-Vesting) as of May 2, 2023 under the 2023 Omnibus Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.4* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Cliff-Vesting) as of May 2, 2023 under the 2023 Omnibus Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.5* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Installment-Vesting) as of May 2, 2023 under the 2023 Omnibus Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.6* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (Adjusted ROE) as of May 2, 2023 under the 2023 Omnibus Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.7* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (Relative TSR) as of May 2, 2023 under the 2023 Omnibus Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.1 |  | XBRL Instance Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.2 |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.3 |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.4 |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.5 |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.6 |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X

79

Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Kemper Corporation
Date: | August 7, 2023 | /s/ JOSEPH P. LACHER, JR.
|  | Joseph P. Lacher, Jr.
|  | Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | August 7, 2023 | /s/ JAMES J. MCKINNEY
|  | James J. McKinney
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | August 7, 2023 | /s/ JAMES A. ALEXANDER
|  | James A. Alexander
|  | Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

80