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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS  
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

16.EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Defined Contribution Plans—Eligible employees currently participate in a defined contribution profit sharing and savings plan ("PSSP") that we sponsor.  The PSSP covers all regular full-time employees.  PSSP participants may elect to make voluntary contributions to this plan up to a specified amount of their compensation. We make matching contributions based on a percent of an employee's eligible compensation and also make an additional non-matching contribution.  Our contribution expense for the PSSP was approximately $16.1 million, $21.1 million and $19.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Defined Benefit Plan—Eligible employees and former employees of certain of our mining operations participate in a defined benefit plan (the "Pension Plan") that we sponsor.  The Pension Plan is closed to new applicants.  Participants in the Pension Plan are no longer receiving benefit accruals for service.  Participants can participate in enhanced benefits provisions under the PSSP.  The benefit formula for the Pension Plan is a fixed-dollar unit based on years of service.

The following sets forth changes in benefit obligations and plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and the funded status of the Pension Plan reconciled with the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements:

    

December 31,

2020

    

2019

 

(dollars in thousands)

Change in benefit obligations:

Benefit obligations at beginning of year

$

136,425

$

118,958

Interest cost

 

4,185

 

4,864

Actuarial loss

 

12,396

 

17,084

Benefits paid

 

(5,072)

 

(4,481)

Benefit obligations at end of year

 

147,934

 

136,425

Change in plan assets:

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

 

91,567

 

75,823

Employer contribution

 

1,739

 

5,559

Actual return on plan assets

 

12,735

 

14,666

Benefits paid

 

(5,072)

 

(4,481)

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

 

100,969

 

91,567

Funded status at the end of year

$

(46,965)

$

(44,858)

Amounts recognized in balance sheet:

Non-current liability

$

(46,965)

$

(44,858)

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income consists of:

Prior service cost

$

(754)

$

(940)

Net actuarial loss

(46,519)

(45,125)

$

(47,273)

$

(46,065)

Weighted-average assumption to determine benefit obligations as of December 31,

Discount rate

 

2.37%

 

3.15%

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the year ended December 31,

Discount rate

 

3.15%

 

4.17%

Expected return on plan assets

 

6.50%

 

6.50%

The actuarial loss components of the change in benefit obligations in 2020 and 2019 were primarily attributable to decreases in the discount rate compared to the prior year-end, offset in part by updated mortality tables.  

The expected long-term rate of return used to determine our pension liability is based on a 1.5% active management premium in addition to an asset allocation assumption of:

Asset allocation

As of December 31, 2020

    

assumption

  

Equity securities

62%

Fixed income securities

 

33%

Real estate

 

5%

 

100%

The actual return on plan assets was 14.2% and 19.2% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Year Ended December 31, 

 

    

2020

        

2019

        

2018

(in thousands)

 

Components of net periodic benefit cost:

Interest cost

$

4,185

$

4,864

$

4,462

Expected return on plan assets

 

(5,861)

 

(4,932)

 

(5,784)

Amortization of prior service cost

186

186

186

Amortization of net loss

 

4,128

 

3,922

 

3,608

Net periodic benefit cost (1)

$

2,638

$

4,040

$

2,472

(1)Nonservice components of net periodic benefit cost are included in the Other income (expense) line item within our consolidated statements of income.

    

Year Ended December 31,

2020

    

2019

(in thousands)

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligation recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Net actuarial loss

$

(5,522)

$

(7,350)

Reversal of amortization item:

Prior service cost

186

186

Net actuarial loss

 

4,128

 

3,922

Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

(1,208)

 

(3,242)

Net periodic benefit cost

 

(2,638)

 

(4,040)

Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and accumulated other comprehensive loss

$

(3,846)

$

(7,282)

Estimated future benefit payments as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

(in thousands)

 

2021

$

5,629

2022

 

5,954

2023

 

6,269

2024

 

6,488

2025

 

6,620

2026-2030

 

34,674

$

65,634

We expect to contribute $6.5 million to the Pension Plan in 2021.  

The Compensation Committee has appointed an investment manager with full investment authority with respect to Pension Plan investments subject to investment guidelines and compliance with ERISA or other applicable laws.  The investment manager employs a series of asset allocation strategy phases to glide the portfolio risk commensurate with both plan characteristics and market conditions.  The objective of the allocation policy is to reach and maintain fully funded status.  The total portfolio allocation will be adjusted as the funded ratio of the Pension Plan changes and market conditions warrant.  The target allocation includes investments in equity and fixed income commingled investment funds.  Total

account performance is reviewed at least annually, using a dynamic benchmark approach to track investment performance.  General asset allocation guidelines at December 31, 2020 are as follows:

Percentage of Total Portfolio

 

    

Minimum

    

Target

    

Maximum

 

Equity securities

45%

62%

80%

Fixed income securities

10%

33%

55%

Real estate

0%

5%

10%

Equity securities include domestic equity securities, developed international securities, emerging markets equity securities and real estate investment trust.  Fixed income securities include domestic and international investment grade fixed income securities, high yield securities and emerging markets fixed income securities.  Fixed income futures may also be utilized within the fixed income securities asset allocation.  

The following information discloses the fair values of our Pension Plan assets by asset category:

December 31, 

 

2020

2019

(in thousands)

 

Cash and cash equivalents (a)

$

3,888

$

2,958

Commingled investment funds measured at net asset value (b):

Equities - Global

17,549

10,028

Equities - United States

31,835

26,812

Equities - United States futures

(2,616)

Equities - International developed markets

8,920

10,528

Equities - International developed markets futures

(4,921)

Equities - International emerging markets

6,600

8,410

Equities - International emerging markets futures

(975)

Fixed income - Investment grade

25,703

26,186

Fixed income - High yield

10,056

Fixed income - Emerging markets

2,664

Fixed income - Futures

(1,265)

Real estate

3,531

4,355

Other

2,290

Total

$

100,969

$

91,567

(a)Cash and cash equivalents represents a Level 1 fair value measurement.  See Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Fair Value Measurements for more information regarding the definitions of fair value hierarchy levels.
(b)Investments measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified within the fair value hierarchy.  The fair values of all commingled investment funds are determined based on the net asset values per unit of each of the funds. The net asset values per unit represent the aggregate value of the fund's assets at fair value less liabilities, divided by the number of units outstanding.

See Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information on our accounting policy for pension benefits.