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WORKERS' COMPENSATION AND PNEUMOCONIOSIS BENEFITS (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Black lung benefits:  
Reconciliation of changes in workers' compensation liability

    

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

 

September 30, 

September 30, 

2023

    

2022

    

2023

    

2022

(in thousands)

Beginning balance

$

51,108

$

47,221

$

49,452

$

53,448

Changes in accruals

 

3,001

 

2,918

 

9,071

 

7,464

Payments

 

(3,503)

 

(2,856)

 

(10,008)

 

(8,938)

Interest accretion

 

551

 

287

 

1,652

 

861

Valuation loss (gain) (1)

 

 

 

990

 

(5,265)

Ending balance

$

51,157

$

47,570

$

51,157

$

47,570

(1)Our estimate of the liability for the present value of current workers′ compensation benefits is based on our actuarial calculations. Our actuarial calculations are based on a blend of actuarial projection methods and numerous assumptions including claims development patterns, mortality, medical costs and interest rates.  The valuation loss in 2023 is due to adverse claims development.  The valuation gain in 2022 is due to an increase in the discount rate from 2.41% on December 31, 2021 to 4.22% on June 30, 2022.
Pneumoconiosis benefits  
Black lung benefits:  
Components of net periodic benefit cost

    

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

2023

    

2022

    

2023

    

2022

 

(in thousands)

Service cost

$

678

$

949

$

2,022

$

2,850

 

Interest cost (1)

 

1,237

 

747

 

3,713

 

2,243

Net amortization (1)

 

345

 

260

 

1,036

 

779

Net periodic benefit cost

$

2,260

$

1,956

$

6,771

$

5,872

(1)Interest cost and net amortization are included in the Other income (expense) line item within our condensed consolidated statements of income.