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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT  
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

5.PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

    

December 31,

 

2023

    

2022

(in thousands)

Mining equipment and processing facilities

$

1,989,541

$

1,927,603

Land and coal mineral rights

 

504,736

 

499,950

Oil & gas mineral interests

853,350

814,667

Buildings, office equipment, improvements and other miscellaneous equipment

 

310,876

 

300,436

Construction, mine development and other projects in progress

 

184,895

 

99,042

Mine development costs

 

329,146

 

289,724

Property, plant and equipment, at cost

 

4,172,544

 

3,931,422

Less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization

 

(2,149,881)

 

(2,050,754)

Total property, plant and equipment, net

$

2,022,663

$

1,880,668

All of our property, plant and equipment have depreciable lives of 1 to 20 years. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense related to property, plant and equipment was $276.4 million, $273.8 million and $260.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, land and coal mineral rights above include $13.4 million and $29.9 million, respectively, of carrying value associated with coal mineral reserves and resources attributable to properties where we or a third party to which we lease coal mineral reserves and resources are not currently engaged in mining operations or leasing to third parties, and therefore, the coal mineral reserves are not currently being depleted. We believe that the carrying value of these coal mineral reserves will be recovered.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our oil & gas mineral interests noted in the table above include the carrying value of our unproved oil & gas mineral interests totaling $411.6 million and $422.7 million, respectively. We generally do not record depletion expense for our unproved oil & gas mineral interests; however, we do review for impairment as needed throughout the year.

During 2023, we incurred $44.4 million in mine development costs, primarily related to Tunnel Ridge and the Henderson County mine at River View Coal, LLC ("River View"). During 2022, we incurred $11.3 million in mine development costs, primarily related to Hamilton and River View mine. All past capitalized mine development costs are associated with other mines that shifted to the production phase in past years and we are amortizing these costs accordingly. We believe that the carrying value of the past development costs will be recovered.