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ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS  
ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

18.ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

The following table presents the activity affecting the asset retirement and mine closing liability:

Year Ended December 31, 

 

    

2023

    

2022

 

(in thousands)

Beginning balance

$

149,813

$

131,099

Accretion expense

 

4,433

 

3,731

Payments

 

(2,317)

 

(2,445)

Allocation of liability associated with mine development and change in assumptions

 

(1,486)

 

17,428

Ending balance

$

150,443

$

149,813

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the allocation of liability associated with mine development and change in assumptions decreased by $1.5 million. The decrease was largely attributable to lower cost assumptions.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the allocation of liability associated with mine development and change in assumptions increased by $17.4 million. The increase was largely attributable to higher cost assumptions as well as the expansion of refuse disposal facilities at certain mines.

The impact of discounting our estimated cash flows resulted in reducing the accrual for asset retirement obligations by $116.2 million and $110.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Estimated payments of asset retirement obligations as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

Year Ended

December 31, 

    

(in thousands)

 

2024

$

3,518

2025

 

5,557

2026

 

4,063

2027

 

7,038

2028

 

4,291

Thereafter

 

242,134

Aggregate undiscounted asset retirement obligations

 

266,601

Less: effect of discounting

 

(116,158)

Total asset retirement obligations

 

150,443

Less: current portion

 

(3,518)

Non-current asset retirement obligations

$

146,925

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had approximately $173.5 million and $174.3 million, respectively, in surety bonds outstanding to secure the performance of our reclamation obligations.