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WORKERS' COMPENSATION AND PNEUMOCONIOSIS (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Black lung benefits:  
Reconciliation of changes in workers' compensation liability

    

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

 

September 30, 

September 30, 

2024

    

2023

    

2024

    

2023

(in thousands)

Beginning balance

$

47,194

$

51,108

$

47,975

$

49,452

Changes in accruals

 

3,658

 

3,001

 

10,148

 

9,071

Payments

 

(3,784)

 

(3,503)

 

(11,278)

 

(10,008)

Interest accretion

 

509

 

551

 

1,527

 

1,652

Valuation loss (gain) (1)

 

 

 

(795)

 

990

Ending balance

$

47,577

$

51,157

$

47,577

$

51,157

(1)Our estimate of the liability for the present value of current workers′ compensation benefits is based on our actuarial calculations.  Our actuarial calculations are based on a blend of actuarial projection methods and numerous assumptions including claims development patterns, mortality, medical costs and interest rates.  The valuation gain in 2024 is due to an increase in the discount rate from 4.66% on December 31, 2023 to 5.18% on June 30, 2024. The valuation loss in 2023 is due to adverse claims development.  
Pneumoconiosis benefits  
Black lung benefits:  
Components of net periodic benefit cost

    

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

2024

    

2023

    

2024

    

2023

 

(in thousands)

Service cost

$

864

$

678

$

2,583

$

2,022

 

Interest cost (1)

 

1,558

 

1,237

 

4,674

 

3,713

Net amortization (1)

 

839

 

345

 

2,517

 

1,036

Net periodic benefit cost

$

3,261

$

2,260

$

9,774

$

6,771

(1)Interest cost and net amortization are included in the Other income (expense) line item within our condensed consolidated statements of income.