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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

The Company has not recorded a current or deferred tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The effective income tax rate differed from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate to the Company’s loss before income taxes as follows:

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

For Year Ended

 

​

​

December 31, 

 

​

    

2021

    

2020

​

Tax effected at statutory rate

 

21.0

%  

21.0

%

State taxes

 

6.8

 

6.8

​

Stock compensation

 

0.9

 

1.6

​

Non-deductible expenses

 

(1.6)

 

(2.4)

​

Federal research and development credits

 

6.5

 

7.9

​

Other

​

(1.5)

​

(0.5)

​

Change in valuation allowance

 

(32.1)

 

(34.4)

​

​

 

—

%  

—

%

​

Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following at December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

    

As of

​

​

December 31, 

​

    

2021

    

2020

Deferred tax assets:

​

​

  

​

​

  

Net operating loss carryforwards

​

$

82,403

​

$

46,112

Tax credits

​

 

25,800

​

 

17,423

Deferred revenue

​

​

9,035

​

​

14,194

Operating lease liability

​

​

7,365

​

​

9,196

Stock based compensation

​

 

4,751

​

 

1,892

Reserve and accruals

​

​

2,844

​

​

2,635

Total gross deferred tax assets

​

 

132,198

​

 

91,452

Valuation allowance

​

 

(124,233)

​

 

(81,980)

Total deferred tax assets

​

​

7,965

​

​

9,472

Total deferred tax liabilities:

​

​

​

​

​

​

Operating lease right-of-use asset

​

​

(6,925)

​

​

(8,805)

Fixed and intangible assets

​

 

(1,040)

​

 

(667)

Total deferred tax liabilities

​

​

(7,965)

​

​

(9,472)

Total net deferred tax assets

​

$

—

​

$

—

​

Total Net Deferred Tax Assets

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established against the net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets increased by $42.3 million and $29.7 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. This increase mainly relates to the establishment of a valuation allowance against the Company’s net domestic deferred tax assets in connection with net operating losses generated in each year and the additional tax credit carryforwards generated. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $302.1 million and $300.2 million of Federal and State operating loss carryforwards respectively, which begin to expire in 2032, except for the $251.6 million of the Company’s federal net operating loss carryforwards that do not expire. These loss carryforwards are available to reduce future taxable income, if any. These loss carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the appropriate taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2021, the Company also had federal and state credit carryovers of $22.5 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The amount of loss and credit carryforwards that may be utilized in any future period may

be limited based upon changes in the ownership of the Company’s ultimate parent. Additionally, the deductibility of federal net operating losses generated after December 31, 2017 is limited to 80% of the Company’s taxable income in any future taxable year.

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” which specifies how tax benefits for uncertain tax positions are to be recognized, measured, and recorded in financial statements; requires certain disclosures of uncertain tax matters; specifies how reserves for uncertain tax positions should be classified on the balance sheet; and provides transition and interim period guidance, among other provisions. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has not recorded any amounts for uncertain tax positions. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense, if any, in its statements of income.