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Employee Benefit Plans | 12 Months Ended
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May 31, 2025
Employee Benefit Plans |
Employee Benefit Plans | 10. Employee Benefit Plans Defined Benefit Plans Prior to January 1, 2000, the pension plan for substantially all domestic salaried and non-union hourly employees (“U.S. Retirement Plan”) had a benefit formula based primarily on years of service and compensation. Effective January 1, 2000, we converted the U.S. Retirement Plan to a cash balance pension plan with the retirement benefit expressed as a dollar amount in an account that grew with annual pay-based credits and interest on the account balance. Effective June 1, 2005, the U.S. Retirement Plan was frozen and the annual pay-based credits were discontinued. Prior to May 31, 2022, our domestic plans also include a defined benefit pension plan for certain union hourly employees in which benefits are based primarily on a fixed amount per year of service (“Union Plan”). The Union Plan was frozen in fiscal 2018. Effective May 31, 2022, our Union and U.S. Retirement Plans were merged (collectively, the “Merged U.S. Plan”). During the three-month period ended August 31, 2023, we settled all future obligations under the Merged U.S. Plan. The settlement included a combination of lump-sum payments to participants who elected to receive them and the transfer of the remaining benefit obligations to a third-party insurance company under group annuity contracts. The purchase of the group annuity contracts was funded directly by assets of the Merged U.S. Plan and required no additional cash or asset contributions from us. As a result of the settlements, we recognized a non-cash, pre-tax pension settlement charge of $26.7 million ($16.1 million after-tax) related to the accelerated recognition of all unamortized net actuarial losses in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Surplus plan assets remained after the settlement and have been primarily used to fund certain contributions associated with one of our qualified 401(k) plans. Surplus plan assets not used for these 401(k) contributions would be subject to a 20% excise tax upon withdrawal. As of May 31, 2025, our Consolidated Balance Sheet included $1.6 million of remaining surplus plan assets which we expect to fully utilize in fiscal 2026 to fund our non-elective, discretionary contributions to the 401(k) plan. This amount is presented within Prepaid expenses and other current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. We also have a defined benefit pension plan covering certain employees in the Netherlands (“Netherlands Plan”). Benefit formulas are generally based on years of service and compensation. Effective January 1, 2022, the Netherlands Plan was frozen and any benefits subsequent to that date are earned by participants in a multi-employer defined contribution plan with the premiums charged to us determined by the third-party pension fund who administers the multi-employer plan. Pension expense in fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023 for this defined contribution plan was $1.4 million, $1.3 million, and $1.2 million, respectively. The change to our projected benefit obligation and the fair value of our plan assets for our Netherlands plan for the two years ended May 31, 2025 was as follows:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Year Ended May 31,
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Change in projected benefit obligation: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year | ​ | $ | 52.7 | ​ | $ | 51.3
Service cost | ​ |  | 0.2 | ​ | ​ | 0.2
Interest cost | ​ |  | 1.9 | ​ | ​ | 1.9
Net actuarial loss (gain) | ​ |  | (1.1) | ​ | ​ | 0.4
Benefits and administrative payments | ​ |  | (2.2) | ​ | ​ | (2.0)
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ |  | 2.3 | ​ | ​ | 0.9
Projected benefit obligation at end of year | ​ | $ | 53.8 | ​ | $ | 52.7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Change in the fair value of plan assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | ​ | $ | 51.4 | ​ | $ | 50.2
Actual return on plan assets | ​ |  | 1.7 | ​ | ​ | 2.2
Benefits and administrative payments | ​ |  | (2.2) | ​ | ​ | (2.0)
Employer contributions | ​ | ​ | 0.4 | ​ | ​ | —
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ |  | 2.3 | ​ | ​ | 1.0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | ​ | $ | 53.6 | ​ | $ | 51.4
Funded status at end of year | ​ | $ | (0.2) | ​ | $ | (1.3)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ | $ | 6.8 | ​ | $ | 6.8
Accumulated benefit obligation | ​ | ​ | 51.8 | ​ | ​ | 50.6
​ The funded status of our Netherlands plan is recognized in Other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Net Periodic Benefit Cost Pension benefit charged to the Consolidated Statements of Income for our Netherlands plan includes the following components: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Year Ended May 31,
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Service cost | ​ | $ | 0.2 | ​ | $ | 0.2 | ​ | $ | 0.2
Interest cost | ​ |  | 1.9 | ​ | ​ | 1.9 | ​ |  | 1.5
Expected return on plan assets | ​ |  | (2.5) | ​ | ​ | (2.4) | ​ |  | (2.1)
Recognized net actuarial loss | ​ |  | 0.1 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | —
​ | ​ | $ | (0.3) | ​ | $ | (0.3) | ​ | $ | (0.4)
​ The non-service cost components above are classified in Other income (expense), net on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Assumptions The assumptions used in accounting for the Netherlands Plan are estimates of factors including, among other things, the amount and timing of future benefit payments. The discount rate was determined by discounting the expected future benefit payments and settlements for the projected benefit obligation, discounting those expected payments using a theoretical zero-coupon spot yield curve derived from a universe of high-quality bonds as of the measurement date and solving for the single equivalent discount rate that resulted in the same projected benefit obligation. The discount rate assumptions used in the measurement of the Netherlands projected benefit obligations were 3.70% and 3.60% at May 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The discount rate assumptions used to determine the Netherlands Plan net periodic pension expense were 3.60%, 3.70%, and 2.80% for fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The expected long-term rate of return on Netherlands Plan assets were 4.80%, 4.80%, and 3.90% for fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Plan Assets The assets of the Netherlands Plan are primarily invested in funds-of-funds where each fund holds a portfolio of equity and fixed income mutual funds. To develop our expected rate of return assumption, we use long-term historical return information for our targeted asset mix and current market conditions as of the measurement date. The expected return for each asset class is weighted based on the target asset allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption. The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Netherlands Plan assets at their fair value as of May 31, 2025:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Level 2(1) |  | Level 3(2) |  | Total
Funds-of-funds | ​ | $ | 42.2 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 42.2
Insurance annuities | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 11.4 | ​ | ​ | 11.4
​ | ​ | $ | 42.2 | ​ | $ | 11.4 | ​ | $ | 53.6
​ The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Netherlands Plan assets at their fair value as of May 31, 2024:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Level 2(1) |  | Level 3(2) |  | Total
Funds-of-funds | ​ | $ | 40.7 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 40.7
Insurance annuities | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 10.7 | ​ | ​ | 10.7
​ | ​ | $ | 40.7 | ​ | $ | 10.7 | ​ | $ | 51.4
(1) | Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that are directly observable for the asset or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.
(2) | Unobservable inputs, such as internally developed pricing models or third party valuations for the asset due to little or no market activity for the asset.
The entirety of the change in Level 3 pension assets is attributable to the return on the assets. Valuation Techniques Used to Determine Fair Value Equity and fixed income mutual funds are maintained by investment companies that hold certain investments in accordance with a stated set of fund objectives, which are consistent with our overall investment strategy. The values of some of these funds are publicly quoted. As certain of our funds-of-funds investments are also derived from quoted prices in active markets, we have categorized certain funds-of-funds investments as Level 2. Insurance annuities require the utilization of unobservable inputs, including undiscounted cash flow techniques which results in Level 3 treatment in the fair value hierarchy. Future Benefit Payments and Funding The following table summarizes our estimated future pension payments by fiscal year: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Fiscal Year
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2031 to
​ |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028 |  | 2029 |  | 2030 |  | 2035
Estimated future pension payments | ​ | $ | 2.4 | ​ | $ | 2.3 | ​ | $ | 2.4 | ​ | $ | 2.4 | ​ | $ | 2.5 | ​ | $ | 13.0
​ For our Netherlands Plan, our policy is to fund at least the minimum amount required by the local laws and regulations. We anticipate contributing approximately $0.2 million to our pension plans during fiscal 2026. U.S. Defined Contribution Plans Our U.S. defined contribution plans are intended to qualify as 401(k) plans under the Internal Revenue Code. Employees may contribute up to 75% of their pretax compensation, subject to applicable regulatory limits and we may make matching contributions up to 6% of employee compensation. For participants hired prior to January 1, 2020, retirement contributions (based upon a participant’s age plus service) ranging from 0.5% to 4.0%, may also be contributed to a participant’s account at our discretion. Our contributions vest on a pro-rata basis during the first three years of employment. Expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for our matching contributions during fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $9.4 million, $8.2 million, and $7.2 million, respectively. Expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for our non-elective, discretionary contributions during fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $3.9 million, $3.7 million, and $3.8 million, respectively. We also maintain a non-qualified retirement plan that makes up 401(k) benefits that would otherwise be lost as a result of Internal Revenue Code limits and provides additional employer contributions for certain executives and key employees to supplement the benefits provided by the defined contribution plans. Expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the non-qualified contributions during fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $1.7 million, $1.2 million, and $0.6 million, respectively.

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