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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
In determining quarterly provisions for income taxes, the Company uses the annual estimated effective tax rate applied to the actual year-to-date income. The Company's annual estimated effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state taxes, foreign taxes, deductible stock option expenses, nondeductible executive compensation, and changes in the Company's valuation allowance.
The Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.9 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and an income tax provision of $1.0 million and tax benefit of $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily the result of the Company's ability to recognize deferred tax assets ("DTAs") subject to the domestic valuation allowance and the federal, state, and foreign income tax provisions. The tax provision and benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, was primarily the result of the Company's ability to recognize DTAs subject to the domestic valuation allowance and the foreign income tax provision. The Company continues to maintain a partial valuation allowance for the domestic DTAs.
Due to uncertainty as to the realization of benefits from the Company's domestic and certain international DTAs, including net operating loss carryforwards and research and development tax credits, the Company has a partial valuation allowance reserved against such assets. The Company intends to continue to maintain a partial valuation allowance on the DTAs until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some additional portion of these allowances. Given the Company's current earnings and anticipated future earnings, the Company believes that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next twelve months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow the Company to reach a conclusion that all or a significant portion of the valuation
allowance will no longer be needed. The exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change on the basis of the level of profitability that the Company is able to actually achieve.
Due to the net operating loss carryforwards, all of the Company's United States federal and a majority of its state returns are open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state jurisdictions for all years since inception. For the Netherlands, India, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, all tax years remain open for examination by the local country tax authorities, for France, only 2022 and forward are open, for Australia and Singapore, only 2021 and forward are open for examination, for Brazil, Canada, Germany, and Malaysia, only 2020 and forward are open for examination, for Italy and New Zealand, only 2019 and forward are open for examination, and for Japan, only 2018 and forward remain open for examination.
Pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, the Company and Telaria, Inc. both underwent ownership changes for tax purposes (i.e. a more than 50% change in stock ownership in aggregated 5% shareholders) on April 1, 2020 due to the merger with Telaria Inc. As a result, the use of the Company's total domestic NOL carryforwards and tax credits generated prior to the ownership change will be subject to annual use limitations under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Code and comparable state income tax laws. The Company believes that the ownership change will not impact its ability to utilize substantially all of its NOLs and state research and development carryforward tax credits to the extent it will generate taxable income that can be offset by such losses. The Company reasonably expects some of its federal research and development carryforward tax credits will not be recovered prior to expiration.
There was no material change to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the Company does not expect to have any material changes to unrecognized tax benefits through the end of the fiscal year.
On July 4, 2025, the President of the United States signed H.R. 1, commonly referred to as the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" ("OBBBA") into law. The legislation includes several changes to federal tax law that generally allow for more favorable deductibility of certain business expenses beginning in 2025, including the restoration of immediate expensing of domestic R&D expenditures, reinstatement of 100% bonus depreciation, and more favorable rules for determining the limitation on business interest expense. OBBBA also includes certain changes to the U.S. taxation of foreign activity, including changes to foreign tax credits, Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, Foreign-Derived Intangible Income, and Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax amongst other changes. These changes are generally effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025. OBBBA changes effective for 2025 were reflected in the income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. Based on current projections, the continuing impact will be a deferral of the payment of current income taxes over multiple years; however, the Company expects the net impact to its effective tax rate for 2025 to be immaterial.