Wesbanco is a limited partner in several tax-advantaged limited partnerships whose purpose is to invest in approved low-income housing investment tax credit projects. These investments are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The limited partnerships are considered to be VIEs as they generally do not have equity investors with voting rights or have equity investors that do not provide sufficient financial resources to support their activities. The VIEs have not been consolidated because Wesbanco is not considered the primary beneficiary. All of Wesbanco’s investments in limited partnerships are privately held, and their market values are not readily available. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, Wesbanco had $34.2 million and $27.9 million, respectively, invested in these partnerships. Wesbanco also recognizes the unconditional unfunded equity commitments of $15.1 million and $12.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in other liabilities. Wesbanco classifies the amortization of the investment as a component of income tax expense (benefit) and proportionally amortizes the investment over the tax credit period. The amount for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $3.6 million, $3.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Tax benefits attributed to these partnerships include low-income housing and historic tax credits which totaled $3.5 million, $3.1 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which are also included in income tax expense.

Wesbanco is also a limited partner in five other limited partnerships as of December 31, 2022. These provide seed money and capital to startup companies, and financing to low-income housing projects. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, Wesbanco had $3.3 million and $9.9 million, respectively, invested in these partnerships, which are recorded in other assets using the equity method. Wesbanco included in operations under the equity method of accounting its share of the partnerships’ net (loss) income of ($0.9) million, $3.6 million and ($0.6) million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. (Losses) gains totaling ($1.0) million and $3.8 million related to the sale and the change in the fair value of the underlying investments funded by Wesbanco's Community Development Corporation, which is included within the partnerships' net income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. This income is located within net gain (loss) on other real estate owned and other assets on the consolidated statements of income and predominantly relates to the sale and fair value changes in the underlying Tech Growth investment, which was sold in 2022.

The following table presents the scheduled equity commitments to be paid to the limited partnerships over the next five years and in the aggregate thereafter as of December 31, 2022:


Year	Amount
2023	$	3,954
2024		6,252
2025		2,061
2026		922
2027		584
2028 and thereafter		1,348
Total	$	15,121