The allowance for credit losses under the current expected credit losses methodology is calculated on non-PCD loans utilizing the probability of default ("PD") divided by the loss given default ("LGD"), which is then discounted to net present value. PD is the probability the asset will default within a given time frame and LGD is the percentage of the asset not expected to be collected due to default. The primary macroeconomic drivers of the quantitative model include forecasts of national unemployment and interest rates, as well as modeling adjustments for changes in prepayment speeds, portfolio mix, concentrations and loan growth. At September 30, 2025, the primary driver of the change in the allowance model calculation from December 31, 2024 was the initial allowance on the loans acquired in the PFC transaction. Also impacting the allowance were adjustments in regional macroeconomic factors and loan concentrations, increases to specific reserves on individually-evaluated loans and an increase in net charge-offs. The forecast was based upon a probability weighted approach which is designed to incorporate loss projections from a baseline, upside and downside economy. Due to the nonlinearity of credit losses to the economy, the asymmetry is best captured by evaluating multiple economic scenarios through a probability weighted approach. At quarter-end, national unemployment was projected to be 4.7%, and subsequently increase to an average of 5.3% over the remainder of the forecast period. In addition to the quantitative and qualitative changes noted above, the allowance is reflective of $16.0 million in net charge-offs recorded during the first nine months of 2025. Accrued interest receivable for loans was $88.7 million and $62.2 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Wesbanco made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the allowance for credit losses because the Company has a policy in place to reverse or write-off accrued interest when loans are placed on non-accrual. However, due to their unique nature, Wesbanco does have a $0.1 million reserve on the accrued interest related to individually-evaluated loans at September 30, 2025. In addition, Wesbanco also has a $0.1 million reserve on the accrued interest related to loan modifications allowed under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act due to the timing and nature of these modifications. Accrued interest related to COVID-19 loan modifications as permitted under the CARES Act was $13.6 million and $13.9 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for credit losses applicable to each category of the loan portfolio:


	Allowance for Credit Losses By Category
	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate - Land and Construction			Commercial Real Estate- Improved Property			Commercial & Industrial			Residential Real Estate			Home Equity			Consumer			Deposit Overdrafts (1)			Total
Balance at December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses - loans	$	8,411		$	59,828		$	42,398		$	21,790		$	1,235		$	3,391		$	1,713		$	138,766
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments		5,105			—			—			1,015			—			—			—			6,120
Total beginning allowance for credit losses - loans and loan commitments		13,516			59,828			42,398			22,805			1,235			3,391			1,713			144,886
Initial allowance for credit losses on acquired PCD loans		177			7,998			7,160			3,192			604			3,095			—			22,226
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loan losses		1,865			32,212			19,172			8,536			1,371			7,598			1,887			72,641
Provision for loan commitments		146			—			1,434			(82	)		—			10			—			1,508
Total provision for credit losses - loans and loan commitments (2)		2,011			32,212			20,606			8,454			1,371			7,608			1,887			74,149
Charge-offs		—			(4,498	)		(5,967	)		(862	)		(1,271	)		(6,333	)		(2,021	)		(20,952	)
Recoveries		15			339			1,568			349			309			1,850			555			4,985
Net recoveries (charge-offs) (3)		15			(4,159	)		(4,399	)		(513	)		(962	)		(4,483	)		(1,466	)		(15,967	)
Balance at September 30, 2025
Allowance for credit losses - loans		10,468			95,879			64,331			33,005			2,248			9,601			2,134			217,666
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments		5,251			—			1,434			933			—			10			—			7,628
Total ending allowance for credit losses - loans and loan commitments	$	15,719		$	95,879		$	65,765		$	33,938		$	2,248		$	9,611		$	2,134		$	225,294

Balance at December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses - loans	$	7,123		$	59,351		$	36,644		$	21,218		$	1,017		$	3,956		$	1,366		$	130,675
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments		6,894			—			429			1,276			5			—			—			8,604
Total beginning allowance for credit losses - loans and loan commitments		14,017			59,351			37,073			22,494			1,022			3,956			1,366			139,279
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for loan losses		1,662			2,584			9,987			2,365			383			1,674			1,119			19,774
Provision for loan commitments		(63	)		16			(300	)		(27	)		(5	)		—			—			(379	)
Total provision for credit losses - loans and loan commitments (2)		1,599			2,600			9,687			2,338			378			1,674			1,119			19,395
Charge-offs		(813	)		(929	)		(6,744	)		(284	)		(795	)		(3,270	)		(1,324	)		(14,159	)
Recoveries		256			583			1,485			198			557			1,166			337			4,582
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(557	)		(346	)		(5,259	)		(86	)		(238	)		(2,104	)		(987	)		(9,577	)
Balance at September 30, 2024
Allowance for credit losses - loans		8,228			61,589			41,372			23,497			1,162			3,526			1,498			140,872
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments		6,831			16			129			1,249			—			—			—			8,225
Total ending allowance for credit losses - loans and loan commitments	$	15,059		$	61,605		$	41,501		$	24,746		$	1,162		$	3,526		$	1,498		$	149,097

(1) Deposit overdrafts of $5.8 million and $4.6 million are included in total portfolio loans for the periods ending September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.

(2) The total provision for credit losses - loans and loan commitments is reported in the consolidated statements of income in the provision for credit losses line item, which also includes the provision for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities. For more information on the provision relating to held-to-maturity securities, please see Note 4, "Securities."

(3) The charge-offs on the acquired PFC loan portfolio prior to the acquisition were $22.7 million.

The following tables present the allowance for credit losses and recorded investments in loans by category, as of each period-end:


	Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
(unaudited, in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate- Land and Construction		Commercial Real Estate- Improved Property		Commercial and Industrial		Residential Real Estate		Home Equity		Consumer		Deposit Overdrafts (1)		Total
September 30, 2025
Allowance for credit losses:
Loans individually-evaluated	$	—	$	18,107	$	6,811	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	24,918
Loans collectively-evaluated		10,468		77,772		57,520		33,005		2,248		9,601		2,134		192,748
Loan commitments (2)		5,251		—		1,434		933		—		10		—		7,628
Total allowance for credit losses - loans and commitments	$	15,719	$	95,879	$	65,765	$	33,938	$	2,248	$	9,611	$	2,134	$	225,294

Portfolio loans:
Individually-evaluated for credit losses	$	—	$	45,004	$	11,743	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	56,747
Collectively-evaluated for credit losses		1,826,642		8,883,724		2,760,163		3,928,469		1,091,636		384,693		—		18,875,327
Total portfolio loans	$	1,826,642	$	8,928,728	$	2,771,906	$	3,928,469	$	1,091,636	$	384,693	$	—	$	18,932,074

December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Loans individually-evaluated	$	—	$	12,461	$	5,353	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17,814
Loans collectively-evaluated		8,411		47,367		37,045		21,790		1,235		3,391		1,713		120,952
Loan commitments (2)		5,105		—		—		1,015		—		—		—		6,120
Total allowance for credit losses - loans and commitments	$	13,516	$	59,828	$	42,398	$	22,805	$	1,235	$	3,391	$	1,713	$	144,886

Portfolio loans:
Individually-evaluated for credit losses	$	—	$	45,224	$	7,116	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	52,340
Collectively-evaluated for credit losses		1,352,083		5,929,374		1,780,161		2,520,086		821,110		201,275		—		12,604,089
Total portfolio loans	$	1,352,083	$	5,974,598	$	1,787,277	$	2,520,086	$	821,110	$	201,275	$	—	$	12,656,429

(1) Deposit overdrafts of $5.8 million and $13.8 million are included in total portfolio loans for the periods ending September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2) For additional detail relating to loan commitments, see Note 13, "Commitments and Contingent Liabilities."

Commercial loan risk grades are determined based on an evaluation of the relevant characteristics of each loan, assigned at inception and adjusted thereafter at any time to reflect changes in the risk profile throughout the life of each loan. The primary factors used to determine the risk grade are the sufficiency, reliability and sustainability of the primary source of repayment and overall financial strength of the borrower. The rating system more heavily weights the debt service coverage, leverage and loan to value factors to derive the risk grade. Other factors that are considered at a lesser weighting include management, industry or property type risks, payment history, collateral or guarantees.

Commercial real estate – land and construction consists of loans to finance investments in vacant land, land development, construction of residential housing, and construction of commercial buildings. Commercial real estate – improved property consists of loans for the purchase or refinance of all types of improved owner-occupied and investment properties. Factors that are considered in assigning the risk grade vary depending on the type of property financed. The risk grade assigned to construction and development loans is based on the overall viability of the project, the experience and financial capacity of the developer or builder to successfully complete the project, project specific and market absorption rates and comparable property values, and the amount of pre-sales for residential housing construction or pre-leases for commercial investment property. The risk grade assigned to commercial investment property loans is based primarily on the adequacy of the net operating income generated by the property to service the debt (“debt service coverage”), the loan to appraised value, the type, quality, industry and mix of tenants, and the terms of leases. The risk grade assigned to owner-occupied commercial real estate is based primarily on global debt service coverage and the leverage of the business, but may also consider the industry in which the business operates, the business’ specific competitive advantages or disadvantages, collateral margins and the quality and experience of management.

Commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loans consist of revolving lines of credit to finance accounts receivable, inventory and other general business purposes; term loans to finance fixed assets other than real estate, and letters of credit to support trade, insurance or governmental requirements for a variety of businesses. Most C&I borrowers are privately-held companies with annual sales up to $100 million. Primary factors that are considered in risk rating C&I loans include debt service coverage and leverage. Other factors including operating trends, collateral coverage along with management experience are also considered.

Pass loans are those that exhibit a history of positive financial results that are at least comparable to the average for their industry or type of real estate. The primary source of repayment is acceptable and these loans are expected to perform satisfactorily during most economic cycles. Pass loans typically have no significant external factors that are expected to adversely affect these borrowers more than others in the same industry or property type. Any minor unfavorable characteristics of these loans are outweighed or mitigated by other positive factors including but not limited to adequate secondary or tertiary sources of repayment, including guarantees.

Criticized loans, considered as compromised, have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the bank's credit position at some future date. Criticized loans are not adversely classified by the banking regulators and do not expose the bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Classified loans, considered as substandard and doubtful, are equivalent to the classifications used by banking regulators. Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These loans may or may not be reported as non-accrual. Doubtful loans have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. These loans are reported as non-accrual.

Residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are not assigned internal risk grades other than as required by regulatory guidelines that are based primarily on the age of past due loans. Wesbanco primarily evaluates the credit quality of residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans based on repayment performance and historical loss rates. The aggregate amount of residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans classified as substandard in accordance with regulatory guidelines was $52.6 million at September 30, 2025 and $23.3 million at December 31, 2024, of which $12.9 million and $4.5 million were accruing, for each period, respectively. These loans are not included in the tables above. In addition, $26.7 million and $36.1 million of unfunded commercial loan commitments are also not included in the tables above at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The following tables summarize the age analysis of all categories of loans:


	Age Analysis of Loans
(unaudited, in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Total Loans		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing (1)
As of September 30, 2025
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	1,820,502	$	369	$	1,413	$	4,358	$	6,140	$	1,826,642	$	2,670
Improved property		8,883,651		7,750		11,487		25,840		45,077		8,928,728		2,641
Total commercial real estate		10,704,153		8,119		12,900		30,198		51,217		10,755,370		5,311
Commercial and industrial		2,727,481		22,196		2,167		20,062		44,425		2,771,906		1,170
Residential real estate		3,881,100		1,257		18,916		27,196		47,369		3,928,469		9,754
Home equity		1,070,163		10,490		4,533		6,450		21,473		1,091,636		1,890
Consumer		374,694		5,431		2,349		2,219		9,999		384,693		1,305
Total portfolio loans		18,757,591		47,493		40,865		86,125		174,483		18,932,074		19,430
Loans held for sale		125,971		—		—		—		—		125,971		—
Total loans	$	18,883,562	$	47,493	$	40,865	$	86,125	$	174,483	$	19,058,045	$	19,430

Nonperforming loans included above are as follows:
Non-accrual loans	$	19,743	$	751	$	7,274	$	66,695	$	74,720	$	94,463

As of December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	1,351,251	$	832	$	—	$	—	$	832	$	1,352,083	$	—
Improved property		5,935,163		7,646		8,148		23,641		39,435		5,974,598		5,561
Total commercial real estate		7,286,414		8,478		8,148		23,641		40,267		7,326,681		5,561
Commercial and industrial		1,772,832		957		8,872		4,616		14,445		1,787,277		3,498
Residential real estate		2,506,959		1,483		3,523		8,121		13,127		2,520,086		2,489
Home equity		806,025		7,420		3,043		4,622		15,085		821,110		1,150
Consumer		195,082		3,916		1,384		893		6,193		201,275		857
Total portfolio loans		12,567,312		22,254		24,970		41,893		89,117		12,656,429		13,555
Loans held for sale		18,695		—		—		—		—		18,695		—
Total loans	$	12,586,007	$	22,254	$	24,970	$	41,893	$	89,117	$	12,675,124	$	13,555

Nonperforming loans included above are as follows:
Non-accrual loans	$	10,117	$	684	$	613	$	28,338	$	29,635	$	39,752

The following tables summarize nonperforming loans:


	Nonperforming Loans
	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Unpaid						Unpaid
	Principal		Recorded		Related		Principal		Recorded		Related
(unaudited, in thousands)	Balance (1)		Investment		Allowance		Balance (1)		Investment		Allowance
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	1,697	$	1,688	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Improved property		21,591		18,555		—		17,489		15,918		—
Commercial and industrial		12,307		9,562		—		2,896		1,897		—
Residential real estate		39,051		29,810		—		17,200		12,524		—
Home equity		11,545		8,217		—		8,284		6,208		—
Consumer		3,266		1,594		—		140		87		—
Total nonperforming loans without a specific allowance		89,457		69,426		—		46,009		36,634		—
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		—		—		—		—		—		—
Improved property		13,367		13,300		6,396		3,118		3,118		516
Commercial and industrial		11,737		11,737		6,812		—		—		—
Residential real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total nonperforming loans with a specific allowance		25,104		25,037		13,208		3,118		3,118		516
Total nonperforming loans	$	114,561	$	94,463	$	13,208	$	49,127	$	39,752	$	516

(1) The difference between the unpaid principal balance and the recorded investment generally reflects amounts that have been previously charged-off and fair market value adjustments on acquired nonperforming loans.


	Nonperforming Loans
	For the Three Months Ended								For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2025				September 30, 2024				September 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest		Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
(unaudited, in thousands)	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
With no related specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction	$	1,526	$	—	$	92	$	—	$	763	$	—	$	99	$	—
Improved property		16,934		—		13,992		—		18,463		—		12,766		—
Commercial and industrial		9,109		—		2,165		—		7,590		—		2,234		—
Residential real estate		27,963		—		11,140		—		23,613		—		11,135		—
Home equity		8,338		—		5,466		—		7,660		—		5,095		—
Consumer		2,087		—		91		—		1,901		—		77		—
Total nonperforming loans without a specific allowance		65,957		—		32,945		—		59,990		—		31,406		—
With a specific allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate:
Land and construction		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Improved property		14,099		—		—		—		8,609		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		9,348		—		—		—		6,414		—		—		—
Total nonperforming loans with a specific allowance		23,447		—		—		—		15,023		—		—		—
Total nonperforming loans	$	89,404	$	—	$	32,945	$	—	$	75,013	$	—	$	31,406	$	—

Tables in the following section exclude the financial effects of modifications for loans that were paid off or are otherwise no longer in the loan portfolio as of period end. The following table displays the details of portfolio loans that were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 presented by loan category:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
(unaudited, in thousands)	Term Extension		Rate Reduction		Payment Delay		Term Extension and Rate Reduction		Total		% of Total by Loan Category
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	29,675	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	29,675		1.6
Commercial real estate - improved property		30,601		—		—		—		30,601		0.3
Commercial and industrial		445		—		—		—		445		—
Residential real estate		—		—		1,939		—		1,939		—
Home equity		—		—		761		—		761		0.1
Consumer		—		—		427		—		427		0.1
Total	$	60,721	$	—	$	3,127	$	—	$	63,848		0.3

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)	Term Extension		Rate Reduction		Payment Delay		Term Extension and Rate Reduction		Total		% of Total by Loan Category
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		—
Commercial real estate - improved property		666		—		19,782		—		20,448		0.3
Commercial and industrial		1,204		—		250		—		1,454		0.1
Residential real estate		—		—		1,273		—		1,273		0.1
Home equity		—		—		638		—		638		0.1
Consumer		—		—		182		—		182		0.1
Total	$	1,870	$	—	$	22,125	$	—	$	23,995		0.2

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(unaudited, in thousands)	Term Extension		Rate Reduction		Payment Delay		Term Extension and Rate Reduction		Total		% of Total by Loan Category
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	53,895	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	53,895		3.0
Commercial real estate - improved property		46,484		—		1,473		242		48,199		0.5
Commercial and industrial		4,913		9		9		—		4,931		0.2
Residential real estate		—		—		4,390		—		4,390		0.1
Home equity		—		—		1,474		—		1,474		0.1
Consumer		—		—		806		—		806		0.2
Total	$	105,292	$	9	$	8,152	$	242	$	113,695		0.6

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)	Term Extension		Rate Reduction		Payment Delay		Term Extension and Rate Reduction		Total		% of Total by Loan Category
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5		—
Commercial real estate - improved property		25,002		—		19,782		—		44,784		0.7
Commercial and industrial		1,622		—		250		—		1,872		0.1
Residential real estate		—		—		1,990		—		1,990		0.1
Home equity		—		—		1,023		—		1,023		0.1
Consumer		—		—		345		—		345		0.2
Total	$	26,629	$	—	$	23,390	$	—	$	50,019		0.4

Unfunded loan commitments on modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty ("MBEFDs") totaled $3.7 million for loans modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $1.7 million for loans modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. These commitments are not included in the tables above.

The following table summarizes loans with MBEFDs which defaulted (defined as 90 days past due) within 12 months of the loan being modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Modified loans, including those that have defaulted, are already included in the allowance for credit losses through the various methodologies used to estimate the allowance. As such, no modification to the allowance is recorded specifically due to a modified loan subsequently defaulting.


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2025						September 30, 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Total		Term Extension		Payment Delay		Total
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate - improved property		23,520		—		23,520		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1,381		—		1,381		34		—		34
Residential real estate		—		387		387		—		137		137
Home equity		—		175		175		—		175		175
Consumer		—		95		95		—		36		36
Total loans that subsequently defaulted (1)	$	24,901	$	657	$	25,558	$	34	$	348	$	382


	For the Nine Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2025						September 30, 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)	Term Extension		Payment Delay		Total		Term Extension		Payment Delay		Total
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate - improved property		26,988		—		26,988		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial		1,381		—		1,381		202		—		202
Residential real estate		—		510		510		—		276		276
Home equity		—		286		286		—		175		175
Consumer		—		94		94		—		69		69
Total loans that subsequently defaulted (1)	$	28,369	$	890	$	29,259	$	202	$	520	$	722

The following table presents an aging analysis of portfolio loans by loan category that were modified during the twelve months prior to September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.


	September 30, 2025
(unaudited, in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	—	$	293	$	832	$	1,125	$	53,600	$	54,725
Commercial real estate - improved property		—		—		5,312		5,312		84,778		90,090
Commercial and industrial		—		—		7,894		7,894		3,997		11,891
Residential real estate		—		1,513		1,247		2,760		3,069		5,829
Home equity		290		225		425		940		911		1,851
Consumer		14		41		94		149		657		806
Total modified loans (1)	$	304	$	2,072	$	15,804	$	18,180	$	147,012	$	165,192

	September 30, 2024
(unaudited, in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Commercial real estate - land and construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5	$	5
Commercial real estate - improved property		—		3,433		—		3,433		41,573		45,006
Commercial and industrial		250		—		34		284		1,587		1,871
Residential real estate		—		—		161		161		2,485		2,646
Home equity		64		—		309		373		924		1,297
Consumer		28		24		66		118		273		391
Total modified loans (1)	$	342	$	3,457	$	570	$	4,369	$	46,847	$	51,216

(1) Represents balance at period end.

The following tables summarize amortized cost basis loan balances by year of origination and credit quality indicator:


	Loans As of September 30, 2025
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(unaudited, in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial real estate: land and construction
Risk rating:
Pass	$	211,110	$	445,490	$	436,531	$	212,730	$	35,339	$	84,050	$	158,773	$	184,291	$	1,768,314
Criticized - compromised		—		—		—		39,199		—		528		—		3,704		43,431
Classified - substandard		—		—		324		—		—		1,499		—		13,074		14,897
Classified - doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	211,110	$	445,490	$	436,855	$	251,929	$	35,339	$	86,077	$	158,773	$	201,069	$	1,826,642
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial real estate: improved property
Risk rating:
Pass	$	613,548	$	573,398	$	557,706	$	1,588,969	$	923,346	$	3,120,180	$	230,102	$	900,674	$	8,507,923
Criticized - compromised		—		30,812		12,040		47,668		20,426		70,982		30,170		91,987		304,085
Classified - substandard		242		19,524		6,195		37,490		4,149		37,620		424		11,076		116,720
Classified - doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	613,790	$	623,734	$	575,941	$	1,674,127	$	947,921	$	3,228,782	$	260,696	$	1,003,737	$	8,928,728
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	112	$	—	$	142	$	4,209	$	—	$	35	$	4,498

Commercial and industrial
Risk rating:
Pass	$	262,085	$	246,645	$	180,396	$	348,792	$	190,032	$	325,939	$	912,743	$	175,439	$	2,642,071
Criticized - compromised		131		12,063		4,774		8,366		5,099		6,544		43,354		5,473		85,804
Classified - substandard		28		4,410		3,466		3,815		3,343		11,457		8,385		9,127		44,031
Classified - doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	262,244	$	263,118	$	188,636	$	360,973	$	198,474	$	343,940	$	964,482	$	190,039	$	2,771,906
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	592	$	670	$	1,009	$	545	$	885	$	1,088	$	1,178	$	5,967

Residential real estate
Loan delinquency:
Current	$	190,965	$	194,660	$	264,926	$	737,854	$	634,654	$	1,033,050	$	—	$	824,991	$	3,881,100
30-59 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		1,257		—		—		1,257
60-89 days past due		417		887		1,246		3,104		2,844		7,639		—		2,779		18,916
90 days or more past due		84		1,157		3,077		5,052		3,120		12,419		—		2,287		27,196
Total	$	191,466	$	196,704	$	269,249	$	746,010	$	640,618	$	1,054,365	$	—	$	830,057	$	3,928,469
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	10	$	118	$	452	$	—	$	211	$	—	$	71	$	862

Home equity
Loan delinquency:
Current	$	13,279	$	3,578	$	2,295	$	2,804	$	1,801	$	23,175	$	1,005,803	$	17,428	$	1,070,163
30-59 days past due		—		693		610		890		178		1,706		6,169		244		10,490
60-89 days past due		25		758		1,043		738		174		1,174		108		513		4,533
90 days or more past due		—		556		1,463		876		539		2,492		24		500		6,450
Total	$	13,304	$	5,585	$	5,411	$	5,308	$	2,692	$	28,547	$	1,012,104	$	18,685	$	1,091,636
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	21	$	440	$	322	$	98	$	334	$	42	$	14	$	1,271

Consumer
Loan delinquency:
Current	$	50,608	$	82,620	$	73,158	$	84,699	$	27,349	$	28,068	$	28,036	$	156	$	374,694
30-59 days past due		221		1,342		1,348		1,473		535		407		96		9		5,431
60-89 days past due		98		405		803		572		205		266		—		—		2,349
90 days or more past due		34		247		607		739		209		383		—		—		2,219
Total	$	50,961	$	84,614	$	75,916	$	87,483	$	28,298	$	29,124	$	28,132	$	165	$	384,693
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	148	$	1,901	$	1,277	$	1,820	$	717	$	470	$	—	$	—	$	6,333


	Loans As of December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial real estate: land and construction
Risk rating:
Pass	$	245,699	$	403,923	$	249,690	$	84,527	$	21,316	$	52,485	$	145,032	$	144,702	$	1,347,374
Criticized - compromised		1,746		—		1,096		—		—		10		376		645		3,873
Classified - substandard		—		—		—		—		—		4		—		832		836
Classified - doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	247,445	$	403,923	$	250,786	$	84,527	$	21,316	$	52,499	$	145,408	$	146,179	$	1,352,083
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	813	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	813

Commercial real estate: improved property
Risk rating:
Pass	$	542,333	$	472,746	$	1,038,745	$	543,212	$	512,916	$	1,897,950	$	200,572	$	482,132	$	5,690,606
Criticized - compromised		365		28,204		5,188		13,590		6,733		39,845		825		94,572		189,322
Classified - substandard		19,746		1,836		23,393		1,186		9,952		36,142		623		1,792		94,670
Classified - doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	562,444	$	502,786	$	1,067,326	$	557,988	$	529,601	$	1,973,937	$	202,020	$	578,496	$	5,974,598
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	75	$	7	$	—	$	855	$	—	$	—	$	937

Commercial and industrial
Risk rating:
Pass	$	225,344	$	139,460	$	206,252	$	106,446	$	48,285	$	250,438	$	616,831	$	128,253	$	1,721,309
Criticized - compromised		217		7,335		3,337		921		1,597		7,660		20,464		7,274		48,805
Classified - substandard		1,494		382		1,158		1,225		65		2,639		2,460		7,740		17,163
Classified - doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	227,055	$	147,177	$	210,747	$	108,592	$	49,947	$	260,737	$	639,755	$	143,267	$	1,787,277
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	48	$	648	$	1,048	$	228	$	162	$	1,029	$	1	$	7,369	$	10,533

Residential real estate
Loan delinquency:
Current	$	201,454	$	195,121	$	323,588	$	397,596	$	168,526	$	471,081	$	—	$	749,593	$	2,506,959
30-59 days past due		—		—		—		—		—		1,483		—		—		1,483
60-89 days past due		—		—		—		319		37		2,763		—		404		3,523
90 days or more past due		—		219		838		128		204		5,237		—		1,495		8,121
Total	$	201,454	$	195,340	$	324,426	$	398,043	$	168,767	$	480,564	$	—	$	751,492	$	2,520,086
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	250	$	—	$	58	$	308

Home equity
Loan delinquency:
Current	$	11,504	$	1,857	$	2,220	$	969	$	2,623	$	22,444	$	763,157	$	1,251	$	806,025
30-59 days past due		—		167		530		65		88		1,226		5,166		178		7,420
60-89 days past due		—		656		1,170		346		—		636		91		144		3,043
90 days or more past due		—		927		795		235		363		2,045		112		145		4,622
Total	$	11,504	$	3,607	$	4,715	$	1,615	$	3,074	$	26,351	$	768,526	$	1,718	$	821,110
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	355	$	132	$	65	$	35	$	260	$	28	$	119	$	994

Consumer
Loan delinquency:
Current	$	51,073	$	55,821	$	36,994	$	11,744	$	5,640	$	9,270	$	24,540	$	—	$	195,082
30-59 days past due		774		1,225		765		602		205		197		148		—		3,916
60-89 days past due		271		327		517		161		51		57		—		—		1,384
90 days or more past due		320		235		123		116		34		65		—		—		893
Total	$	52,438	$	57,608	$	38,399	$	12,623	$	5,930	$	9,589	$	24,688	$	—	$	201,275
Current-period gross charge-offs	$	382	$	1,578	$	1,466	$	497	$	166	$	313	$	—	$	—	$	4,402

Residential real estate loans included in other real estate totaled $0.6 million at September 30, 2025. There were no residential real estate loans included in other real estate at December 31, 2024. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, formal foreclosure proceedings were in process on residential real estate loans totaling $11.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively.