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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2017
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses |
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | 4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The Company must maintain an allowance for loan and lease losses (the “Allowance”) that is adequate to absorb estimated probable credit losses associated with its loan and lease portfolio. The Allowance consists of an allocated portion, which covers estimated credit losses for specifically identified loans and pools of loans and leases, and an unallocated portion. Segmentation Management has identified three primary portfolio segments in estimating the Allowance: commercial lending, residential real estate lending and consumer lending. Commercial lending is further segmented into four distinct portfolios based on characteristics relating to the borrower, transaction, and collateral. These portfolio segments are: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction, and lease financing. Residential real estate is not further segmented, but consists of single-family residential mortgages, real estate secured installment loans and home equity lines of credit. Consumer lending is not further segmented, but consists primarily of automobile loans, credit cards, and other installment loans. Management has developed a methodology for each segment taking into consideration portfolio segment-specific factors such as product type, loan portfolio characteristics, management information systems, and other risk factors. Specific Allocation Commercial A specific allocation is determined for individually impaired commercial loans. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the full amount of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management identifies material impaired loans based on their size in relation to the Company’s total loan and lease portfolio. Each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires an analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan. Impaired loans below the specified threshold are treated as a pool, with specific allocations established based on qualitative factors such as asset quality trends, risk identification, lending policies, portfolio growth, and portfolio concentrations. Residential A specific allocation is determined for residential real estate loans based on delinquency status. In addition, each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan, generally based on the value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. The specific allocation will be zero for impaired loans in which the value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, exceeds the unpaid principal balance of the loan. Consumer A specific allocation is determined for the consumer loan portfolio using delinquency-based formula allocations. The Company uses a formula approach in determining the consumer loan specific allocation and recognizes the statistical validity of measuring losses predicated on past due status. Pooled Allocation Commercial Pooled allocation for pass, special mention, substandard, and doubtful grade commercial loans and leases that share common risk characteristics and properties is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations. Loan grade categories are discussed under “Credit Quality”. Residential and Consumer Pooled allocation for non-delinquent consumer and residential real estate loans is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations. Qualitative Adjustments Qualitative adjustments to historical loss rates or other static sources may be necessary since these rates may not be an accurate indicator of losses inherent in the current portfolio. To estimate the level of adjustments, management considers factors including global, national and local economic conditions; levels and trends in problem loans; the effect of credit concentrations; collateral value trends; changes in risk due to changes in lending policies and practices; management expertise; industry and regulatory trends; and volume of loans. Unallocated Allowance The Company’s Allowance incorporates an unallocated portion to cover risk factors and events that may have occurred as of the evaluation date that have not been reflected in the risk measures utilized due to inherent limitations in the precision of the estimation process. These risk factors, in addition to past and current events based on facts at the unaudited consolidated balance sheet date and realistic courses of action that management expects to take, are assessed in determining the level of unallocated allowance. The Allowance was comprised of the following for the periods indicated:
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 33,341 |  | $ | 20,011 |  | $ | 5,471 |  | $ | 857 |  | $ | 44,374 |  | $ | 27,903 |  | $ | 4,926 |  | $ | 136,883
Charge-offs |  |  | (408) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (293) |  |  | (6,263) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,965)
Recoveries |  |  | 582 |  |  | 336 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | 1,852 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,909
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | (1,677) |  |  | 234 |  |  | 353 |  |  | (36) |  |  | 657 |  |  | 5,107 |  |  | (138) |  |  | 4,500
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 31,838 |  | $ | 20,581 |  | $ | 5,824 |  | $ | 820 |  | $ | 44,877 |  | $ | 28,599 |  | $ | 4,788 |  | $ | 137,327
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 33,129 |  | $ | 18,448 |  | $ | 4,513 |  | $ | 847 |  | $ | 43,436 |  | $ | 28,388 |  | $ | 6,733 |  | $ | 135,494
Charge-offs |  |  | (1,338) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (147) |  |  | (315) |  |  | (17,086) |  |  | — |  |  | (18,886)
Recoveries |  |  | 825 |  |  | 468 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 610 |  |  | 5,416 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,319
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | (778) |  |  | 1,665 |  |  | 1,311 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 1,146 |  |  | 11,881 |  |  | (1,945) |  |  | 13,400
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 31,838 |  | $ | 20,581 |  | $ | 5,824 |  | $ | 820 |  | $ | 44,877 |  | $ | 28,599 |  | $ | 4,788 |  | $ | 137,327
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 35,792 |  | $ | 18,260 |  | $ | 4,636 |  | $ | 780 |  | $ | 46,452 |  | $ | 28,386 |  | $ | 2,054 |  | $ | 136,360
Charge-offs |  |  | (210) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (268) |  |  | (4,878) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,356)
Recoveries |  |  | 6 |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,921
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | (1,428) |  |  | 221 |  |  | 596 |  |  | (55) |  |  | (492) |  |  | 3,183 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 2,100
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 34,160 |  | $ | 18,523 |  | $ | 5,232 |  | $ | 725 |  | $ | 46,042 |  | $ | 28,214 |  | $ | 2,129 |  | $ | 135,025
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 34,025 |  | $ | 18,489 |  | $ | 3,793 |  | $ | 888 |  | $ | 46,099 |  | $ | 28,385 |  | $ | 3,805 |  | $ | 135,484
Charge-offs |  |  | (348) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (796) |  |  | (13,379) |  |  | — |  |  | (14,523)
Recoveries |  |  | 228 |  |  | 3,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,116 |  |  | 4,731 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,364
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | 255 |  |  | (3,254) |  |  | 1,439 |  |  | (164) |  |  | (377) |  |  | 8,477 |  |  | (1,676) |  |  | 4,700
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 34,160 |  | $ | 18,523 |  | $ | 5,232 |  | $ | 725 |  | $ | 46,042 |  | $ | 28,214 |  | $ | 2,129 |  | $ | 135,025
The disaggregation of the Allowance and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
|  | September 30, 2017
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 631 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 642
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 31,834 |  |  | 20,574 |  |  | 5,824 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 44,246 |  |  | 28,599 |  |  | 4,788 |  |  | 136,685
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 31,838 |  | $ | 20,581 |  | $ | 5,824 |  | $ | 820 |  | $ | 44,877 |  | $ | 28,599 |  | $ | 4,788 |  | $ | 137,327
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 19,223 |  | $ | 9,061 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 17,053 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 45,337
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 3,171,014 |  |  | 2,616,627 |  |  | 598,763 |  |  | 171,373 |  |  | 3,984,425 |  |  | 1,562,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,104,374
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 3,190,237 |  | $ | 2,625,688 |  | $ | 598,763 |  | $ | 171,373 |  | $ | 4,001,478 |  | $ | 1,562,172 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 12,149,711
|  | December 31, 2016
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 380 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 705 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,092
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 32,749 |  |  | 18,441 |  |  | 4,513 |  |  | 847 |  |  | 42,731 |  |  | 28,388 |  |  | 6,733 |  |  | 134,402
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 33,129 |  | $ | 18,448 |  | $ | 4,513 |  | $ | 847 |  | $ | 43,436 |  | $ | 28,388 |  | $ | 6,733 |  | $ | 135,494
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 27,572 |  | $ | 12,545 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 153 |  | $ | 19,158 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 59,428
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 3,212,028 |  |  | 2,330,950 |  |  | 450,012 |  |  | 179,887 |  |  | 3,777,301 |  |  | 1,510,772 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,460,950
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 3,239,600 |  | $ | 2,343,495 |  | $ | 450,012 |  | $ | 180,040 |  | $ | 3,796,459 |  | $ | 1,510,772 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 11,520,378
Credit Quality The Company performs an internal loan review and grading on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of the Company’s lending policies and procedures. The objective of the loan review and grading procedures is to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit quality problems so that appropriate steps can be initiated to avoid or minimize future losses. Loans subject to grading include: commercial and industrial loans, commercial and standby letters of credit, installment loans to businesses or individuals for business and commercial purposes, commercial real estate loans, overdraft lines of credit, commercial credit cards, and other credits as may be determined. Loans which are not subject to grading include loans that are 100% sold with no recourse to the Company, consumer installment loans, indirect automobile loans, consumer credit cards, business credit cards, home equity lines of credit and residential mortgage loans. Residential and consumer loans are underwritten primarily on the basis of credit bureau scores, debt-service-to-income ratios, and collateral quality and loan to value ratios. A credit risk rating system is used to determine loan grade and is based on borrower credit risk and transactional risk. The loan grading process is a mechanism used to determine the risk of a particular borrower and is based on the following eight factors of a borrower: character, earnings and operating cash flow, asset and liability structure, debt capacity, financial reporting, management and controls, borrowing entity, and industry and operating environment. Pass – “Pass” (uncriticized loans) and leases, are not considered to carry greater than normal risk. The borrower has the apparent ability to satisfy obligations to the Company, and therefore no loss in ultimate collection is anticipated. Special Mention – Loans and leases that have potential weaknesses deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for assets or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Substandard – Loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or by any collateral pledged. Loans and leases so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – Loans and leases that have weaknesses found in substandard borrowers with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss – Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan or lease has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future. The credit risk profiles by internally assigned grade for loans and leases as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
|  | September 30, 2017
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Total
Grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 3,083,654 |  | $ | 2,581,682 |  | $ | 591,824 |  | $ | 170,673 |  | $ | 6,427,833
Special mention |  |  | 46,093 |  |  | 23,040 |  |  | 6,292 |  |  | 553 |  |  | 75,978
Substandard |  |  | 59,123 |  |  | 20,966 |  |  | 647 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 80,883
Doubtful |  |  | 1,367 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,367
Total |  | $ | 3,190,237 |  | $ | 2,625,688 |  | $ | 598,763 |  | $ | 171,373 |  | $ | 6,586,061
|  | December 31, 2016
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Total
Grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 3,166,304 |  | $ | 2,298,839 |  | $ | 445,149 |  | $ | 179,345 |  | $ | 6,089,637
Special mention |  |  | 41,719 |  |  | 23,859 |  |  | 3,789 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 69,735
Substandard |  |  | 29,811 |  |  | 20,797 |  |  | 1,074 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 51,856
Doubtful |  |  | 1,766 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 153 |  |  | 1,919
Total |  | $ | 3,239,600 |  | $ | 2,343,495 |  | $ | 450,012 |  | $ | 180,040 |  | $ | 6,213,147
There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The credit risk profiles based on payment activity for loans and leases that were not subject to loan grading as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
|  | September 30, 2017
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Consumer - Auto |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Performing |  | $ | 3,990,063 |  | $ | 232,541 |  | $ | 984,114 |  | $ | 321,722 |  | $ | 5,528,440
Non-performing and delinquent |  |  | 11,415 |  |  | 3,763 |  |  | 16,580 |  |  | 3,452 |  |  | 35,210
Total |  | $ | 4,001,478 |  | $ | 236,304 |  | $ | 1,000,694 |  | $ | 325,174 |  | $ | 5,563,650
|  | December 31, 2016
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Consumer - Auto |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Performing |  | $ | 3,778,070 |  | $ | 240,185 |  | $ | 906,829 |  | $ | 340,801 |  | $ | 5,265,885
Non-performing and delinquent |  |  | 18,389 |  |  | 3,327 |  |  | 15,927 |  |  | 3,703 |  |  | 41,346
Total |  | $ | 3,796,459 |  | $ | 243,512 |  | $ | 922,756 |  | $ | 344,504 |  | $ | 5,307,231
Impaired and Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The Company evaluates certain loans and leases individually for impairment. A loan or lease is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease. An allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance for impaired residential loans is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. The Company generally places a loan on nonaccrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. It is the Company’s policy to charge off a loan when the facts indicate that the loan is considered uncollectible. The aging analyses of past due loans and leases as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
|  | September 30, 2017
|  | Accruing Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Greater |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Non |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Than or |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | Accruing |  |
|  | 30-59 |  | 60-89 |  | Equal to |  | Total |  |  |  | Accruing |  | Loans |  |
|  | Days |  | Days |  | 90 Days |  | Past |  |  |  | Loans and |  | and |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Due |  | Current |  | Leases |  | Leases |  | Outstanding
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 179 |  | $ | 568 |  | $ | 1,751 |  | $ | 2,498 |  | $ | 3,185,427 |  | $ | 3,187,925 |  | $ | 2,312 |  | $ | 3,190,237
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  | 84 |  |  | 3,247 |  |  | 3,331 |  |  | 2,622,357 |  |  | 2,625,688 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,625,688
Construction |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |  |  | 598,504 |  |  | 598,763 |  |  | — |  |  | 598,763
Lease financing |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 171,373 |  |  | 171,373 |  |  | — |  |  | 171,373
Residential |  |  | 4,588 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | 5,853 |  |  | 3,990,063 |  |  | 3,995,916 |  |  | 5,562 |  |  | 4,001,478
Consumer |  |  | 18,421 |  |  | 3,480 |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | 23,795 |  |  | 1,538,377 |  |  | 1,562,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,562,172
Total |  | $ | 23,188 |  | $ | 4,601 |  | $ | 7,947 |  | $ | 35,736 |  | $ | 12,106,101 |  | $ | 12,141,837 |  | $ | 7,874 |  | $ | 12,149,711
|  | December 31, 2016
|  | Accruing Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Greater |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Non |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Than or |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | Accruing |  |
|  | 30-59 |  | 60-89 |  | Equal to |  | Total |  |  |  | Accruing |  | Loans |  |
|  | Days |  | Days |  | 90 Days |  | Past |  |  |  | Loans and |  | and |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Due |  | Current |  | Leases |  | Leases |  | Outstanding
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 720 |  | $ | 163 |  | $ | 449 |  | $ | 1,332 |  | $ | 3,235,538 |  | $ | 3,236,870 |  | $ | 2,730 |  | $ | 3,239,600
Commercial real estate |  |  | 475 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 475 |  |  | 2,343,020 |  |  | 2,343,495 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,343,495
Construction |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 450,012 |  |  | 450,012 |  |  | — |  |  | 450,012
Lease financing |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 179,804 |  |  | 179,887 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 180,040
Residential |  |  | 9,907 |  |  | 1,069 |  |  | 866 |  |  | 11,842 |  |  | 3,778,070 |  |  | 3,789,912 |  |  | 6,547 |  |  | 3,796,459
Consumer |  |  | 17,626 |  |  | 3,460 |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | 22,956 |  |  | 1,487,816 |  |  | 1,510,772 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,510,772
Total |  | $ | 28,728 |  | $ | 4,692 |  | $ | 3,268 |  | $ | 36,688 |  | $ | 11,474,260 |  | $ | 11,510,948 |  | $ | 9,430 |  | $ | 11,520,378
The total carrying amounts and the total unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:
|  | September 30, 2017
|  |  |  | Unpaid |  |
|  | Recorded |  | Principal |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Balance |  | Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 19,071 |  | $ | 19,858 |  | $ | —
Commercial real estate |  |  | 8,157 |  |  | 8,157 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 8,281 |  |  | 8,864 |  |  | —
Total |  | $ | 35,509 |  | $ | 36,879 |  | $ | —
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 152 |  | $ | 152 |  | $ | 4
Commercial real estate |  |  | 904 |  |  | 904 |  |  | 7
Residential |  |  | 8,772 |  |  | 9,053 |  |  | 631
Total |  | $ | 9,828 |  | $ | 10,109 |  | $ | 642
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 19,223 |  | $ | 20,010 |  | $ | 4
Commercial real estate |  |  | 9,061 |  |  | 9,061 |  |  | 7
Residential |  |  | 17,053 |  |  | 17,917 |  |  | 631
Total |  | $ | 45,337 |  | $ | 46,988 |  | $ | 642
|  | December 31, 2016
|  |  |  | Unpaid |  |
|  | Recorded |  | Principal |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Balance |  | Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 22,404 |  | $ | 22,608 |  | $ | —
Commercial real estate |  |  | 11,598 |  |  | 11,598 |  |  | —
Lease financing |  |  | 153 |  |  | 153 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 9,608 |  |  | 10,628 |  |  | —
Total |  | $ | 43,763 |  | $ | 44,987 |  | $ | —
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 5,168 |  | $ | 5,624 |  | $ | 380
Commercial real estate |  |  | 947 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 7
Residential |  |  | 9,550 |  |  | 9,831 |  |  | 705
Total |  | $ | 15,665 |  | $ | 16,402 |  | $ | 1,092
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 27,572 |  | $ | 28,232 |  | $ | 380
Commercial real estate |  |  | 12,545 |  |  | 12,545 |  |  | 7
Lease financing |  |  | 153 |  |  | 153 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 19,158 |  |  | 20,459 |  |  | 705
Total |  | $ | 59,428 |  | $ | 61,389 |  | $ | 1,092
The following tables provide information with respect to the Company’s average balances, and of interest income recognized from, impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
|  | Average |  | Interest |  | Average |  | Interest
|  | Recorded |  | Income |  | Recorded |  | Income
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Recognized |  | Investment |  | Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 19,100 |  | $ | 204 |  | $ | 20,402 |  | $ | 642
Commercial real estate |  |  | 8,252 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 9,871 |  |  | 338
Lease financing |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 8,291 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 8,566 |  |  | 419
Total |  | $ | 35,643 |  | $ | 435 |  | $ | 38,916 |  | $ | 1,399
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 154 |  | $ | 2 |  | $ | 3,179 |  | $ | 52
Commercial real estate |  |  | 910 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 925 |  |  | 32
Residential |  |  | 8,875 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 9,150 |  |  | 285
Total |  | $ | 9,939 |  | $ | 108 |  | $ | 13,254 |  | $ | 369
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 19,254 |  | $ | 206 |  | $ | 23,581 |  | $ | 694
Commercial real estate |  |  | 9,162 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 10,796 |  |  | 370
Lease financing |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 17,166 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 17,716 |  |  | 704
Total |  | $ | 45,582 |  | $ | 543 |  | $ | 52,170 |  | $ | 1,768
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2016 |  | September 30, 2016
|  | Average |  | Interest |  | Average |  | Interest
|  | Recorded |  | Income |  | Recorded |  | Income
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Recognized |  | Investment |  | Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 29,018 |  | $ | 335 |  | $ | 30,044 |  | $ | 1,207
Commercial real estate |  |  | 11,752 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 9,713 |  |  | 556
Construction |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | —
Lease financing |  |  | 168 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 4
Residential |  |  | 11,312 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 12,197 |  |  | 453
Total |  | $ | 52,250 |  | $ | 706 |  | $ | 52,313 |  | $ | 2,220
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 991 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 661 |  | $ | 11
Commercial real estate |  |  | 479 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 33
Residential |  |  | 8,487 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 8,616 |  |  | 298
Total |  | $ | 9,957 |  | $ | 110 |  | $ | 9,596 |  | $ | 342
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 30,009 |  | $ | 338 |  | $ | 30,705 |  | $ | 1,218
Commercial real estate |  |  | 12,231 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 10,032 |  |  | 589
Construction |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | —
Lease financing |  |  | 168 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 4
Residential |  |  | 19,799 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 20,813 |  |  | 751
Total |  | $ | 62,207 |  | $ | 816 |  | $ | 61,909 |  | $ | 2,562
Modifications Commercial and industrial loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) may involve temporary interest-only payments, term extensions, and converting revolving credit lines to term loans. Additional collateral, a co-borrower, or a guarantor may be requested. Modifications of commercial real estate and construction loans in a TDR may involve reducing the interest rate for the remaining term of the loan, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or substituting or adding a new borrower or guarantor. Modifications of construction loans in a TDR may also involve extending the interest-only payment period. Interest continues to accrue on the missed payments and as a result, the effective yield on the lease remains unchanged. As the forbearance period usually involves an insignificant payment delay, lease financing modifications typically do not meet the reporting criteria for a TDR. Residential real estate loans modified in a TDR may be comprised of loans where monthly payments are lowered to accommodate the borrowers' financial needs for a period of time, normally two years. Generally, consumer loans are not classified as a TDR as they are normally charged off upon reaching a predetermined delinquency status that ranges from 120 to 180 days and varies by product type. Loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and in some cases partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Loans modified in a TDR are evaluated for impairment. As a result, this may have a financial effect of increasing the specific Allowance associated with the loan. An Allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An Allowance for impaired residential loans that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. The following presents, by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
|  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance
Commercial and industrial |  | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | 1 |  | $ | 1,120 |  | $ | —
Residential |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | 2 |  |  | 661 |  |  | 21
Total |  | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | 3 |  | $ | 1,781 |  | $ | 21
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2016 |  | September 30, 2016
|  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance
Commercial and industrial |  | 2 |  | $ | 98 |  | $ | 4 |  | 6 |  | $ | 16,015 |  | $ | 4
Commercial real estate |  | 4 |  |  | 5,044 |  |  | 7 |  | 6 |  |  | 10,450 |  |  | 7
Residential |  | 3 |  |  | 577 |  |  | 7 |  | 10 |  |  | 3,709 |  |  | 53
Total |  | 9 |  | $ | 5,719 |  | $ | 18 |  | 22 |  | $ | 30,174 |  | $ | 64
| (1) |  | The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period.
The above loans were modified in a TDR through temporary interest-only payments, reduced payments, or below-market interest rates. The Company had total remaining loan and lease commitments including standby letters of credit of $5.4 billion as of September 30, 2017 and $5.1 billion as of December 31, 2016. Of the $5.4 billion at September 30, 2017, there were commitments of $1.0 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. Of the $5.1 billion at December 31, 2016, there were commitments of $6.9 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. The following table presents, by class, loans modified in TDRs that have defaulted in the current period within 12 months of their permanent modification date for the periods indicated. The Company is reporting these defaulted TDRs based on a payment default definition of 30 days past due:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2016 |  | September 30, 2016
|  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Number of |  | Recorded
(dollars in thousands) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1)
Commercial and industrial (2) |  | — |  | $ | — |  | 1 |  | $ | 2,496 |  | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | —
Commercial real estate (3) |  | — |  |  | — |  | 1 |  |  | 1,393 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | —
Residential (4) |  | — |  |  | — |  | 1 |  |  | 510 |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | —
Total |  | — |  | $ | — |  | 3 |  | $ | 4,399 |  | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | —
| (1) |  | The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period.
| (2) |  | For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the maturity date for the commercial and industrial loan that subsequently defaulted was extended.
| (3) |  | For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the commercial real estate loan that subsequently defaulted was extended.
| (4) |  | For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the residential real estate loan that subsequently defaulted was modified for interest-only payments.
Foreclosure Proceedings There were no residential mortgage loans collateralized by real estate property that were modified in a TDR that were in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2017 and one residential real estate loan of $0.5 million that was in process of foreclosure at December 31, 2016. Foreclosed Property Residential real estate property held from one foreclosed TDR of a residential mortgage loan included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property shown in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets was $0.3 million as of both September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

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