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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2018
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses |
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | 4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The Company must maintain an allowance for loan and lease losses (the “Allowance”) that is adequate to absorb estimated probable credit losses associated with its loan and lease portfolio. The Allowance consists of an allocated portion, which covers estimated credit losses for specifically identified loans and pools of loans and leases, and an unallocated portion. Segmentation Management has identified three primary portfolio segments in estimating the Allowance: commercial lending, residential real estate lending and consumer lending. Commercial lending is further segmented into four distinct classes based on characteristics relating to the borrower, transaction, and collateral. These portfolio segments are: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction, and lease financing. Residential real estate is not further segmented, but consists of single-family residential mortgages, real estate secured installment loans and home equity lines of credit. Consumer lending is not further segmented, but consists primarily of automobile loans, credit cards, and other installment loans. Management has developed a methodology for each segment and class taking into consideration portfolio segment-specific and class-specific factors such as product type, loan portfolio characteristics, management information systems, and other risk factors. Specific Allocation Commercial A specific allocation is determined for individually impaired commercial loans. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the full amount of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management identifies material impaired loans based on their size in relation to the Company’s total loan and lease portfolio. Each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires an analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan. Impaired loans below the specified threshold are treated as a pool, with specific allocations established based on qualitative factors such as asset quality trends, risk identification, lending policies, portfolio growth, and portfolio concentrations. Residential A specific allocation is determined for residential real estate loans based on delinquency status. In addition, each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan, generally based on the value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. The specific allocation will be zero for impaired loans in which the value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, exceeds the unpaid principal balance of the loan. Consumer A specific allocation is determined for the consumer loan portfolio using delinquency-based formula allocations. The Company uses a formula approach in determining the consumer loan specific allocation and recognizes the statistical validity of measuring losses predicated on past due status. Pooled Allocation Commercial Pooled allocation for pass, special mention, substandard, and doubtful grade commercial loans and leases that share common risk characteristics and properties is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations. Loan grade categories are discussed under “Credit Quality”. Residential and Consumer Pooled allocation for non-delinquent consumer and residential real estate loans is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations. Qualitative Adjustments Qualitative adjustments to historical loss rates or other static sources may be necessary since these rates may not be an accurate indicator of losses inherent in the current portfolio. To estimate the level of adjustments, management considers factors including global, national and local economic conditions; levels and trends in problem loans; the effect of credit concentrations; collateral value trends; changes in risk due to changes in lending policies and practices; management expertise; industry and regulatory trends; and volume of loans. Unallocated Allowance The Company’s Allowance incorporates an unallocated portion to cover risk factors and events that may have occurred as of the evaluation date that have not been reflected in the risk measures utilized due to inherent limitations in the precision of the estimation process. These risk factors, in addition to past and current events based on facts at the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet date and realistic courses of action that management expects to take, are assessed in determining the level of unallocated allowance. The Allowance was comprised of the following for the periods indicated:
|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 34,365 |  | $ | 19,254 |  | $ | 5,976 |  | $ | 585 |  | $ | 43,220 |  | $ | 30,998 |  | $ | 4,176 |  | $ | 138,574
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34) |  |  | (6,290) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,324)
Recoveries |  |  | 39 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 2,200 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,331
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | 835 |  |  | 1,221 |  |  | 1,630 |  |  | (28) |  |  | 679 |  |  | 4,601 |  |  | (2,918) |  |  | 6,020
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 35,239 |  | $ | 20,507 |  | $ | 7,606 |  | $ | 557 |  | $ | 43,925 |  | $ | 31,509 |  | $ | 1,258 |  | $ | 140,601
|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 34,006 |  | $ | 18,044 |  | $ | 6,817 |  | $ | 611 |  | $ | 42,852 |  | $ | 31,249 |  | $ | 3,674 |  | $ | 137,253
Charge-offs |  |  | (475) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34) |  |  | (12,915) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,424)
Recoveries |  |  | 103 |  |  | 154 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 242 |  |  | 4,303 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,802
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | 1,605 |  |  | 2,309 |  |  | 789 |  |  | (54) |  |  | 865 |  |  | 8,872 |  |  | (2,416) |  |  | 11,970
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 35,239 |  | $ | 20,507 |  | $ | 7,606 |  | $ | 557 |  | $ | 43,925 |  | $ | 31,509 |  | $ | 1,258 |  | $ | 140,601
|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 31,557 |  | $ | 19,932 |  | $ | 4,532 |  | $ | 813 |  | $ | 43,541 |  | $ | 27,456 |  | $ | 8,016 |  | $ | 135,847
Charge-offs |  |  | (75) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (146) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,251) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,472)
Recoveries |  |  | 129 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150 |  |  | 1,774 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,108
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | 1,730 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 939 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 3,924 |  |  | (3,090) |  |  | 4,400
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 33,341 |  | $ | 20,011 |  | $ | 5,471 |  | $ | 857 |  | $ | 44,374 |  | $ | 27,903 |  | $ | 4,926 |  | $ | 136,883
|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 33,129 |  | $ | 18,448 |  | $ | 4,513 |  | $ | 847 |  | $ | 43,436 |  | $ | 28,388 |  | $ | 6,733 |  | $ | 135,494
Charge-offs |  |  | (930) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (146) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (10,823) |  |  | — |  |  | (11,921)
Recoveries |  |  | 243 |  |  | 132 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 471 |  |  | 3,564 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,410
Increase (decrease) in Provision |  |  | 899 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | 958 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 489 |  |  | 6,774 |  |  | (1,807) |  |  | 8,900
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 33,341 |  | $ | 20,011 |  | $ | 5,471 |  | $ | 857 |  | $ | 44,374 |  | $ | 27,903 |  | $ | 4,926 |  | $ | 136,883
The disaggregation of the Allowance and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
|  | June 30, 2018
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 38 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 409 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 453
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 35,201 |  |  | 20,501 |  |  | 7,606 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 43,516 |  |  | 31,509 |  |  | 1,258 |  |  | 140,148
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 35,239 |  | $ | 20,507 |  | $ | 7,606 |  | $ | 557 |  | $ | 43,925 |  | $ | 31,509 |  | $ | 1,258 |  | $ | 140,601
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 16,084 |  | $ | 9,903 |  | $ | 2,238 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 17,495 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 45,720
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 3,100,061 |  |  | 2,827,617 |  |  | 651,846 |  |  | 161,766 |  |  | 4,218,588 |  |  | 1,632,088 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,591,966
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 3,116,145 |  | $ | 2,837,520 |  | $ | 654,084 |  | $ | 161,766 |  | $ | 4,236,083 |  | $ | 1,632,088 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 12,637,686
|  | December 31, 2017
|  | Commercial Lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 484 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 494
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 34,002 |  |  | 18,038 |  |  | 6,817 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 42,368 |  |  | 31,249 |  |  | 3,674 |  |  | 136,759
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 34,006 |  | $ | 18,044 |  | $ | 6,817 |  | $ | 611 |  | $ | 42,852 |  | $ | 31,249 |  | $ | 3,674 |  | $ | 137,253
Loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 18,183 |  | $ | 10,636 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 16,530 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 45,349
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 3,117,083 |  |  | 2,656,961 |  |  | 632,911 |  |  | 165,066 |  |  | 4,073,523 |  |  | 1,586,476 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,232,020
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 3,135,266 |  | $ | 2,667,597 |  | $ | 632,911 |  | $ | 165,066 |  | $ | 4,090,053 |  | $ | 1,586,476 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 12,277,369
Credit Quality The Company performs an internal loan review and grading on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of the Company’s lending policies and procedures. The objective of the loan review and grading procedures is to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit quality problems so that appropriate steps can be initiated to avoid or minimize future losses. Loans subject to grading include: commercial and industrial loans, commercial and standby letters of credit, installment loans to businesses or individuals for business and commercial purposes, commercial real estate loans, overdraft lines of credit, commercial credit cards, and other credits as may be determined. Loans which are not subject to grading include loans that are 100% sold with no recourse to the Company, consumer installment loans, indirect automobile loans, consumer credit cards, business credit cards, home equity lines of credit and residential real estate loans. Residential real estate and consumer loans are underwritten primarily on the basis of credit bureau scores, debt-service-to-income ratios, and collateral quality and loan to value ratios. A credit risk rating system is used to determine loan grade and is based on borrower credit risk and transactional risk. The loan grading process is a mechanism used to determine the risk of a particular borrower and is based on the following eight factors of a borrower: character, earnings and operating cash flow, asset and liability structure, debt capacity, financial reporting, management and controls, borrowing entity, and industry and operating environment. Pass – “Pass” (uncriticized) loans and leases, are not considered to carry greater than normal risk. The borrower has the apparent ability to satisfy obligations to the Company, and therefore no loss in ultimate collection is anticipated. Special Mention – Loans and leases that have potential weaknesses deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for assets or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Substandard – Loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or by any collateral pledged. Loans and leases so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – Loans and leases that have weaknesses found in substandard borrowers with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss – Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan or lease has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future. The credit risk profiles by internally assigned grade for loans and leases as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
|  | June 30, 2018
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Total
Grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 2,971,359 |  | $ | 2,736,004 |  | $ | 632,379 |  | $ | 159,904 |  | $ | 6,499,646
Special mention |  |  | 72,534 |  |  | 76,822 |  |  | 18,494 |  |  | 1,551 |  |  | 169,401
Substandard |  |  | 70,693 |  |  | 24,694 |  |  | 3,211 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 98,909
Doubtful |  |  | 1,559 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,559
Total |  | $ | 3,116,145 |  | $ | 2,837,520 |  | $ | 654,084 |  | $ | 161,766 |  | $ | 6,769,515
|  | December 31, 2017
|  | Commercial |  | Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | and |  | Real |  |  |  | Lease |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  | Industrial |  | Estate |  | Construction |  | Financing |  | Total
Grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 3,035,121 |  | $ | 2,619,494 |  | $ | 628,112 |  | $ | 162,849 |  | $ | 6,445,576
Special mention |  |  | 43,435 |  |  | 26,248 |  |  | 2,377 |  |  | 1,816 |  |  | 73,876
Substandard |  |  | 54,996 |  |  | 21,855 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 79,674
Doubtful |  |  | 1,714 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,714
Total |  | $ | 3,135,266 |  | $ | 2,667,597 |  | $ | 632,911 |  | $ | 165,066 |  | $ | 6,600,840
There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The credit risk profiles based on payment activity for loans and leases that were not subject to loan grading as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
|  | June 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Consumer - Auto |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Performing |  | $ | 4,221,570 |  | $ | 230,141 |  | $ | 1,053,187 |  | $ | 322,273 |  | $ | 5,827,171
Non-performing and delinquent |  |  | 14,513 |  |  | 2,678 |  |  | 20,621 |  |  | 3,188 |  |  | 41,000
Total |  | $ | 4,236,083 |  | $ | 232,819 |  | $ | 1,073,808 |  | $ | 325,461 |  | $ | 5,868,171
|  | December 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands) |  | Residential |  | Consumer |  | Consumer - Auto |  | Credit Cards |  | Total
Performing |  | $ | 4,073,834 |  | $ | 231,023 |  | $ | 1,001,085 |  | $ | 324,781 |  | $ | 5,630,723
Non-performing and delinquent |  |  | 16,219 |  |  | 3,335 |  |  | 22,612 |  |  | 3,640 |  |  | 45,806
Total |  | $ | 4,090,053 |  | $ | 234,358 |  | $ | 1,023,697 |  | $ | 328,421 |  | $ | 5,676,529
Impaired and Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The Company evaluates certain loans and leases individually for impairment. A loan or lease is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease. An allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance for impaired residential loans is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. The Company generally places a loan on nonaccrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. It is the Company’s policy to charge off a loan when the facts indicate that the loan is considered uncollectible. The aging analyses of past due loans and leases as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
|  | June 30, 2018
|  | Accruing Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Greater |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Non |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Than or |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | Accruing |  |
|  | 30-59 |  | 60-89 |  | Equal to |  | Total |  |  |  | Accruing |  | Loans |  |
|  | Days |  | Days |  | 90 Days |  | Past |  |  |  | Loans and |  | and |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Due |  | Current |  | Leases |  | Leases |  | Outstanding
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 495 |  | $ | 621 |  | $ | 163 |  | $ | 1,279 |  | $ | 3,113,045 |  | $ | 3,114,324 |  | $ | 1,821 |  | $ | 3,116,145
Commercial real estate |  |  | 567 |  |  | 180 |  |  | — |  |  | 747 |  |  | 2,833,929 |  |  | 2,834,676 |  |  | 2,844 |  |  | 2,837,520
Construction |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 651,846 |  |  | 651,846 |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | 654,084
Lease financing |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 161,766 |  |  | 161,766 |  |  | — |  |  | 161,766
Residential |  |  | 5,607 |  |  | 784 |  |  | 1,581 |  |  | 7,972 |  |  | 4,221,570 |  |  | 4,229,542 |  |  | 6,541 |  |  | 4,236,083
Consumer |  |  | 21,499 |  |  | 3,537 |  |  | 1,451 |  |  | 26,487 |  |  | 1,605,601 |  |  | 1,632,088 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,632,088
Total |  | $ | 28,168 |  | $ | 5,122 |  | $ | 3,195 |  | $ | 36,485 |  | $ | 12,587,757 |  | $ | 12,624,242 |  | $ | 13,444 |  | $ | 12,637,686
|  | December 31, 2017
|  | Accruing Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Greater |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Non |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Than or |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | Accruing |  |
|  | 30-59 |  | 60-89 |  | Equal to |  | Total |  |  |  | Accruing |  | Loans |  |
|  | Days |  | Days |  | 90 Days |  | Past |  |  |  | Loans and |  | and |  | Total
(dollars in thousands) |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Past Due |  | Due |  | Current |  | Leases |  | Leases |  | Outstanding
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 156 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 220 |  | $ | 376 |  | $ | 3,131,958 |  | $ | 3,132,334 |  | $ | 2,932 |  | $ | 3,135,266
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  | 1,099 |  |  | 1,400 |  |  | 2,499 |  |  | 2,663,312 |  |  | 2,665,811 |  |  | 1,786 |  |  | 2,667,597
Construction |  |  | — |  |  | 2,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,001 |  |  | 630,910 |  |  | 632,911 |  |  | — |  |  | 632,911
Lease financing |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 165,066 |  |  | 165,066 |  |  | — |  |  | 165,066
Residential |  |  | 8,463 |  |  | 1,289 |  |  | 1,360 |  |  | 11,112 |  |  | 4,073,834 |  |  | 4,084,946 |  |  | 5,107 |  |  | 4,090,053
Consumer |  |  | 24,379 |  |  | 3,814 |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | 29,587 |  |  | 1,556,889 |  |  | 1,586,476 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,586,476
Total |  | $ | 32,998 |  | $ | 8,203 |  | $ | 4,374 |  | $ | 45,575 |  | $ | 12,221,969 |  | $ | 12,267,544 |  | $ | 9,825 |  | $ | 12,277,369
The total carrying amounts and the total unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
|  | June 30, 2018
|  |  |  | Unpaid |  |
|  | Recorded |  | Principal |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Balance |  | Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 14,730 |  | $ | 15,252 |  | $ | —
Commercial real estate |  |  | 9,029 |  |  | 9,029 |  |  | —
Construction |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 10,070 |  |  | 10,428 |  |  | —
Total |  | $ | 36,067 |  | $ | 36,947 |  | $ | —
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 1,354 |  | $ | 1,354 |  | $ | 38
Commercial real estate |  |  | 874 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 6
Residential |  |  | 7,425 |  |  | 7,706 |  |  | 409
Total |  | $ | 9,653 |  | $ | 9,934 |  | $ | 453
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 16,084 |  | $ | 16,606 |  | $ | 38
Commercial real estate |  |  | 9,903 |  |  | 9,903 |  |  | 6
Construction |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 17,495 |  |  | 18,134 |  |  | 409
Total |  | $ | 45,720 |  | $ | 46,881 |  | $ | 453
|  | December 31, 2017
|  |  |  | Unpaid |  |
|  | Recorded |  | Principal |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Balance |  | Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 18,036 |  | $ | 18,909 |  | $ | —
Commercial real estate |  |  | 9,745 |  |  | 9,745 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 8,648 |  |  | 9,006 |  |  | —
Total |  | $ | 36,429 |  | $ | 37,660 |  | $ | —
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 147 |  | $ | 147 |  | $ | 4
Commercial real estate |  |  | 891 |  |  | 891 |  |  | 6
Residential |  |  | 7,882 |  |  | 8,162 |  |  | 484
Total |  | $ | 8,920 |  | $ | 9,200 |  | $ | 494
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 18,183 |  | $ | 19,056 |  | $ | 4
Commercial real estate |  |  | 10,636 |  |  | 10,636 |  |  | 6
Residential |  |  | 16,530 |  |  | 17,168 |  |  | 484
Total |  | $ | 45,349 |  | $ | 46,860 |  | $ | 494
The following tables provide information with respect to the Company’s average balances, and of interest income recognized from, impaired loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018
|  | Average |  | Interest |  | Average |  | Interest
|  | Recorded |  | Income |  | Recorded |  | Income
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Recognized |  | Investment |  | Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 15,815 |  | $ | 171 |  | $ | 16,556 |  | $ | 337
Commercial real estate |  |  | 9,144 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 9,345 |  |  | 127
Construction |  |  | 2,120 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,413 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 9,475 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 9,199 |  |  | 240
Total |  | $ | 36,554 |  | $ | 353 |  | $ | 36,513 |  | $ | 704
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 749 |  | $ | 18 |  | $ | 548 |  | $ | 35
Commercial real estate |  |  | 878 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 882 |  |  | 20
Residential |  |  | 7,456 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 7,598 |  |  | 197
Total |  | $ | 9,083 |  | $ | 141 |  | $ | 9,028 |  | $ | 252
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 16,564 |  | $ | 189 |  | $ | 17,104 |  | $ | 372
Commercial real estate |  |  | 10,022 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 10,227 |  |  | 147
Construction |  |  | 2,120 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,413 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 16,931 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 16,797 |  |  | 437
Total |  | $ | 45,637 |  | $ | 494 |  | $ | 45,541 |  | $ | 956
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
|  | Average |  | Interest |  | Average |  | Interest
|  | Recorded |  | Income |  | Recorded |  | Income
(dollars in thousands) |  | Investment |  | Recognized |  | Investment |  | Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 20,068 |  | $ | 209 |  | $ | 20,847 |  | $ | 438
Commercial real estate |  |  | 9,866 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 10,443 |  |  | 246
Lease financing |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 8,187 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 8,661 |  |  | 280
Total |  | $ | 38,198 |  | $ | 470 |  | $ | 40,053 |  | $ | 964
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 3,697 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 4,187 |  | $ | 50
Commercial real estate |  |  | 924 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 22
Residential |  |  | 9,140 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 9,276 |  |  | 189
Total |  | $ | 13,761 |  | $ | 109 |  | $ | 14,395 |  | $ | 261
Total impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 23,765 |  | $ | 212 |  | $ | 25,034 |  | $ | 488
Commercial real estate |  |  | 10,790 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 11,375 |  |  | 268
Lease financing |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | —
Residential |  |  | 17,327 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 17,937 |  |  | 469
Total |  | $ | 51,959 |  | $ | 579 |  | $ | 54,448 |  | $ | 1,225
Modifications Commercial and industrial loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) may involve temporary interest-only payments, term extensions, and converting revolving credit lines to term loans. Additional collateral, a co-borrower, or a guarantor may be requested. Modifications of commercial real estate and construction loans in a TDR may involve reducing the interest rate for the remaining term of the loan, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or substituting or adding a new borrower or guarantor. Modifications of construction loans in a TDR may also involve extending the interest-only payment period. Interest continues to accrue on the missed payments and as a result, the effective yield on the lease remains unchanged. As the forbearance period usually involves an insignificant payment delay, lease financing modifications typically do not meet the reporting criteria for a TDR. Residential real estate loans modified in a TDR may be comprised of loans where monthly payments are lowered to accommodate the borrowers' financial needs for a period of time, normally two years. Generally, consumer loans are not classified as a TDR as they are normally charged off upon reaching a predetermined delinquency status that ranges from 120 to 180 days and varies by product type. Loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and in some cases partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Loans modified in a TDR are evaluated for impairment. As a result, this may have a financial effect of increasing the specific Allowance associated with the loan. An Allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An Allowance for impaired residential loans that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. The following presents, by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018
|  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance
Commercial and industrial |  | 1 |  | $ | 450 |  | $ | 13 |  | 1 |  | $ | 450 |  | $ | 13
Total |  | 1 |  | $ | 450 |  | $ | 13 |  | 1 |  | $ | 450 |  | $ | 13
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
|  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Related
(dollars in thousands) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Allowance
Commercial and industrial |  | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | 1 |  | $ | 1,150 |  | $ | —
Residential |  | 1 |  |  | 310 |  |  | 10 |  | 2 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 21
Total |  | 1 |  | $ | 310 |  | $ | 10 |  | 3 |  | $ | 1,813 |  | $ | 21
| (1) |  | The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period.
The above loans were modified in a TDR through an extension of maturity dates, temporary interest-only payments, reduced payments, or below-market interest rates. The Company had total remaining loan and lease commitments including standby letters of credit of $5.6 billion and $5.4 billion as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Of the $5.6 billion at June 30, 2018, there were commitments of $2.2 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. Of the $5.4 billion at December 31, 2017, there were commitments of $1.9 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. The following table presents, by class, loans modified in TDRs that have defaulted in the current period within 12 months of their permanent modification date for the periods indicated. The Company is reporting these defaulted TDRs based on a payment default definition of 30 days past due:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | June 30, 2017
|  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Number of |  | Recorded |  | Number of |  | Recorded
(dollars in thousands) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1) |  | Contracts |  | Investment(1)
Commercial and industrial(2) |  | — |  | $ | — |  | 2 |  | $ | 409 |  | 1 |  | $ | 2,496 |  | 1 |  | $ | 2,496
Commercial real estate(3) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 1 |  |  | 1,393 |  | 1 |  |  | 1,393
Residential(4) |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 1 |  |  | 510
Total |  | — |  | $ | — |  | 2 |  | $ | 409 |  | 2 |  | $ | 3,889 |  | 3 |  | $ | 4,399
| (1) |  | The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period.
| (2) |  | For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the maturity dates for the commercial and industrial loans that subsequently defaulted were extended. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the maturity date for the commercial and industrial loan that subsequently defaulted was extended.
| (3) |  | For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the commercial real estate loan that subsequently defaulted was extended.
| (4) |  | For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the residential real estate loan that subsequently defaulted was modified for interest-only payments.
Foreclosure Proceedings There were no residential mortgage loans collateralized by real estate property that was modified in a TDR that was in process of foreclosure as of June 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, there was one residential mortgage loan collateralized by real estate property of $0.3 million that was modified in a TDR that was in process of foreclosure. Foreclosed Property Residential real estate property held from one foreclosed residential mortgage loan included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property shown in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets was $0.3 million as of June 30, 2018. Residential real estate property held from one foreclosed TDR of a residential mortgage loan included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property shown in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets was $0.3 million as of December 31, 2017.

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