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Revenue | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue [Abstract] |
Revenue | 3. Revenue Disaggregation of Revenue The following tables disaggregate revenue by end market, customer type and contract type, which the Company believes best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
|  | Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Civil segment revenue by end market: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mass transit |  | $ | 992,755 |  | $ | 702,614
Bridges |  |  | 334,117 |  |  | 431,202
Tunneling |  |  | 128,229 |  |  | 103,980
Highways |  |  | 86,747 |  |  | 202,423
Other |  |  | 237,504 |  |  | 145,874
Total Civil segment revenue |  | $ | 1,779,352 |  | $ | 1,586,093
|  | Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Building segment revenue by end market: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial facilities |  | $ | 459,806 |  | $ | 374,312
Hospitality and gaming |  |  | 297,700 |  |  | 301,871
Municipal and government |  |  | 254,736 |  |  | 261,496
Health care facilities |  |  | 239,299 |  |  | 428,819
Mass transit |  |  | 201,400 |  |  | 67,588
Education facilities |  |  | 143,382 |  |  | 145,147
Mixed use |  |  | 31,685 |  |  | 150,549
Other |  |  | 114,032 |  |  | 131,917
Total Building segment revenue |  | $ | 1,742,040 |  | $ | 1,861,699
|  | Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Specialty Contractors segment revenue by end market: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mass transit |  | $ | 419,402 |  | $ | 296,092
Commercial and industrial facilities |  |  | 186,819 |  |  | 189,632
Multi-unit residential |  |  | 83,903 |  |  | 81,023
Education facilities |  |  | 70,229 |  |  | 99,214
Mixed use |  |  | 64,302 |  |  | 163,308
Health care facilities |  |  | 29,519 |  |  | 52,392
Transportation |  |  | 7,756 |  |  | 83,551
Other |  |  | 67,510 |  |  | 41,658
Total Specialty Contractors segment revenue |  | $ | 929,440 |  | $ | 1,006,870
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Specialty |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Specialty |  |  |
(in thousands) | Civil |  | Building |  | Contractors |  | Total |  | Civil |  | Building |  | Contractors |  | Total
Revenue by customer type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and local agencies | $ | 1,401,001 |  | $ | 573,049 |  | $ | 496,195 |  | $ | 2,470,245 |  | $ | 1,294,630 |  | $ | 617,133 |  | $ | 406,782 |  | $ | 2,318,545
Federal agencies |  | 116,869 |  |  | 153,467 |  |  | 11,326 |  |  | 281,662 |  |  | 95,567 |  |  | 201,745 |  |  | 53,335 |  |  | 350,647
Private owners |  | 261,482 |  |  | 1,015,524 |  |  | 421,919 |  |  | 1,698,925 |  |  | 195,896 |  |  | 1,042,821 |  |  | 546,753 |  |  | 1,785,470
Total revenue | $ | 1,779,352 |  | $ | 1,742,040 |  | $ | 929,440 |  | $ | 4,450,832 |  | $ | 1,586,093 |  | $ | 1,861,699 |  | $ | 1,006,870 |  | $ | 4,454,662
State and local agencies. The Company’s state and local government customers include state transportation departments, metropolitan authorities, cities, municipal agencies, school districts and public universities. Services provided to state and local customers are primarily pursuant to contracts awarded through competitive bidding processes. Construction services for state and local government customers have included mass-transit systems, tunnels, bridges, highways, judicial and correctional facilities, schools and dormitories, health care facilities, convention centers, parking structures and other municipal buildings. The vast majority of the Company’s civil contracting and building construction services are provided in locations throughout the United States and its territories. Federal agencies. The Company’s federal government customers include the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Air Force and the National Park Service. Services provided to federal agencies are typically pursuant to competitively bid contracts for specific or multi-year assignments that involve new construction or infrastructure repairs or improvements. A portion of revenue from federal agencies is derived from projects in overseas locations. Private owners. The Company’s private owners (i.e., customers) include real estate developers, health care companies, technology companies, hospitality and gaming resort owners, Native American sovereign nations, public corporations and private universities. Services are provided to private customers through negotiated contract arrangements, as well as through competitive bids. Most federal, state and local government contracts contain provisions that permit the termination of contracts, in whole or in part, for the convenience of government customers, among other reasons.
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Specialty |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Specialty |  |  |
(in thousands) | Civil |  | Building |  | Contractors |  | Total |  | Civil |  | Building |  | Contractors |  | Total
Revenue by contract type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed price | $ | 1,315,195 |  | $ | 561,831 |  | $ | 769,410 |  | $ | 2,646,436 |  | $ | 1,054,473 |  | $ | 377,538 |  | $ | 857,742 |  | $ | 2,289,753
Guaranteed maximum price |  | 6,951 |  |  | 752,110 |  |  | 21,291 |  |  | 780,352 |  |  | 15,709 |  |  | 1,040,093 |  |  | 62,132 |  |  | 1,117,934
Unit price |  | 436,015 |  |  | 12,063 |  |  | 91,803 |  |  | 539,881 |  |  | 469,305 |  |  | 32,468 |  |  | 32,562 |  |  | 534,335
Cost plus fee and other |  | 21,191 |  |  | 416,036 |  |  | 46,936 |  |  | 484,163 |  |  | 46,606 |  |  | 411,600 |  |  | 54,434 |  |  | 512,640
Total revenue | $ | 1,779,352 |  | $ | 1,742,040 |  | $ | 929,440 |  | $ | 4,450,832 |  | $ | 1,586,093 |  | $ | 1,861,699 |  | $ | 1,006,870 |  | $ | 4,454,662
Fixed price. Fixed price or lump sum contracts are most commonly used for projects in the Civil and Specialty Contractors segments and generally commit the Company to provide all of the resources required to complete a project for a fixed sum. Usually, fixed price contracts transfer more risk to the Company, but offer the opportunity for greater profits. Billings on fixed price contracts are typically based on estimated progress against predetermined contractual milestones. Guaranteed maximum price (“GMP”). GMP contracts provide for a cost plus fee arrangement up to a maximum agreed upon price. These contracts place risks on the Company for amounts in excess of the GMP, but may permit an opportunity for greater profits than under cost plus fee contracts through sharing agreements with the owner on any cost savings that may be realized. Services provided by our Building segment to various private customers are often performed under GMP contracts. Billings on GMP contracts typically occur on a monthly basis and are based on actual costs incurred plus a negotiated margin. Unit price. Unit price contracts are most prevalent for projects in the Civil and Specialty Contractors segments and generally commit the Company to provide an estimated or undetermined number of units or components that comprise a project at a fixed price per unit. This approach shifts the risk of estimating the quantity of units required to the project owner, but the risk of increased cost per unit is borne by the Company, unless otherwise allowed for in the contract. Billings on unit price contracts typically occur on a monthly basis and are based on actual quantity of work performed or completed during the billing period. Cost plus fee. Cost plus fee contracts are used for many projects in the Building and Specialty Contractors segments. Cost plus fee contracts include cost plus fixed fee contracts and cost plus award fee contracts. Cost plus fixed fee contracts provide for reimbursement of approved project costs plus a fixed fee. Cost plus award fee contracts provide for reimbursement of the project costs plus a base fee, as well as an incentive fee based on cost and/or schedule performance. Cost plus fee contracts serve to minimize the Company’s financial risk, but may also limit profits. Billings on cost plus fee contracts typically occur on a monthly basis based on actual costs incurred plus a negotiated margin. Changes in Contract Estimates that Impact Revenue Changes to the total estimated contract revenue or cost for a given project, either due to unexpected events or revisions to management’s initial estimates, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Revenue was negatively impacted during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in prior periods by $177.5 million for various projects, none of which was individually material, except for $123.9 million that resulted from the charge related to the Alaskan Way Viaduct matter discussed in Note 8. Revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018 related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in prior periods was $19.4 million for various projects, none of which was individually material. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed and exclude unexercised contract options. As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amounts of the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations of the Company’s construction contracts were $5.2 billion, $2.2 billion and $2.2 billion for the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate amounts of the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations of the Company’s construction contracts were $4.6 billion, $2.3 billion and $1.7 billion for the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments, respectively. The Company typically recognizes revenue on Civil segment projects over a period of three to five years, whereas for projects in the Building and Specialty Contractors segments, the Company typically recognizes revenue over a period of one to three years.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 + Details
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