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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the quarterly period ended | September 30, 2022
or
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number: 1-6314
Tutor Perini Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
MASSACHUSETTS

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

15901 OLDEN STREET, SYLMAR, CALIFORNIA

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

04-1717070

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

91342-1093

(Zip Code)

(818) 362-8391
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
None
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 par value | TPC | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

|  | Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☒ |  |
|  | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  |
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, of the registrant outstanding at October 27, 2022 was 51,485,216.

Table of Contents
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  | Page Numbers
Part I. | Financial Information: |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements: |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited) | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended S eptember 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited) | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (Unaudited) | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (Unaudited) | 6
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 33
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 42
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 42
Part II. | Other Information: |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 43
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 43
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 43
| Item 5. | Other Information | 43
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 44
| Signature | 45

2

Table of Contents
PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
UNAUDITED

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per common share amounts) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
REVENUE | $ | 1,070,926 |  |  | $ | 1,178,222 |  |  | $ | 2,884,107 |  |  | $ | 3,605,060 |
COST OF OPERATIONS | (1,020,586) |  |  | (1,064,245) |  |  | (2,817,645) |  |  | (3,253,139) |
GROSS PROFIT | 50,340 |  |  | 113,977 |  |  | 66,462 |  |  | 351,921 |
General and administrative expenses | (57,232) |  |  | (61,884) |  |  | (173,815) |  |  | (181,371) |
INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS | (6,892) |  |  | 52,093 |  |  | (107,353) |  |  | 170,550 |
Other income (expense) | 397 |  |  | (464) |  |  | 5,114 |  |  | 1,142 |
Interest expense | (17,015) |  |  | (16,694) |  |  | (49,711) |  |  | (52,442) |
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (23,510) |  |  | 34,935 |  |  | (151,950) |  |  | 119,250 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (560) |  |  | (8,694) |  |  | 47,047 |  |  | (26,293) |
NET INCOME (LOSS) | (24,070) |  |  | 26,241 |  |  | (104,903) |  |  | 92,957 |
LESS: NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | 8,385 |  |  | 10,847 |  |  | 12,189 |  |  | 30,364 |
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION | $ | (32,455) |  |  | $ | 15,394 |  |  | $ | (117,092) |  |  | $ | 62,593 |
BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE | $ | (0.63) |  |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | (2.28) |  |  | $ | 1.23 |
DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE | $ | (0.63) |  |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | (2.28) |  |  | $ | 1.22 |
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
BASIC | 51,404 |  |  | 51,072 |  |  | 51,263 |  |  | 50,995 |
DILUTED | 51,404 |  |  | 51,366 |  |  | 51,263 |  |  | 51,364 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
UNAUDITED

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (24,070) |  |  | $ | 26,241 |  |  | $ | (104,903) |  |  | $ | 92,957 |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS, NET OF TAX: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | 458 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 1,373 |  |  | 1,475 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (2,527) |  |  | (1,125) |  |  | (3,660) |  |  | (353) |
Unrealized loss in fair value of investments | (2,510) |  |  | (448) |  |  | (8,772) |  |  | (1,412) |
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS, NET OF TAX | (4,579) |  |  | (1,081) |  |  | (11,059) |  |  | (290) |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | (28,649) |  |  | 25,160 |  |  | (115,962) |  |  | 92,667 |
LESS: COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | 6,860 |  |  | 10,400 |  |  | 9,512 |  |  | 30,493 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION | $ | (35,509) |  |  | $ | 14,760 |  |  | $ | (125,474) |  |  | $ | 62,174 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
UNAUDITED

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) | As of September 30, 2022 |  | As of December 31, 2021
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents ($158,943 and $102,679 related to variable interest entities (“VIEs”)) | $ | 323,200 |  |  | $ | 202,197 |
Restricted cash | 21,817 |  |  | 9,199 |
Restricted investments | 79,562 |  |  | 84,355 |
Accounts receivable ($65,059 and $116,415 related to VIEs) | 1,252,943 |  |  | 1,454,319 |
Retention receivable ($184,797 and $162,259 related to VIEs) | 583,789 |  |  | 568,881 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings ($97,510 and $143,105 related to VIEs) | 1,448,341 |  |  | 1,356,768 |
Other current assets ($37,816 and $43,718 related to VIEs) | 196,401 |  |  | 186,773 |
Total current assets | 3,906,053 |  |  | 3,862,492 |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (“P&E”), net of accumulated depreciation of $500,692 and $483,417 (net P&E of $16,016 and $2,203 related to VIEs) | 429,911 |  |  | 429,645 |
GOODWILL | 205,143 |  |  | 205,143 |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET | 71,102 |  |  | 85,068 |
OTHER ASSETS | 148,765 |  |  | 142,550 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 4,760,974 |  |  | $ | 4,724,898 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 26,875 |  |  | $ | 24,406 |
Accounts payable ($62,943 and $96,097 related to VIEs) | 589,689 |  |  | 512,056 |
Retention payable ($43,174 and $37,007 related to VIEs) | 241,518 |  |  | 268,945 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings ($468,130 and $355,270 related to VIEs) | 966,065 |  |  | 761,689 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ($10,675 and $8,566 related to VIEs) | 216,922 |  |  | 210,017 |
Total current liabilities | 2,041,069 |  |  | 1,777,113 |
LONG-TERM DEBT, less current maturities, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs totaling $14,784 and $17,109 | 934,259 |  |  | 969,248 |
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 13,760 |  |  | 70,989 |
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | 252,523 |  |  | 233,828 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 3,241,611 |  |  | 3,051,178 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 10) |  |  |
EQUITY |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock - authorized 1,000,000 shares ($1 par value), none issued | — |  |  | — |
Common stock - authorized 112,500,000 shares ($1 par value), issued and outstanding 51,485,216 and 51,095,706 shares | 51,485 |  |  | 51,096 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,139,905 |  |  | 1,133,150 |
Retained earnings | 397,218 |  |  | 514,310 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (52,017) |  |  | (43,635) |
Total stockholders' equity | 1,536,591 |  |  | 1,654,921 |
Noncontrolling interests | (17,228) |  |  | 18,799 |
TOTAL EQUITY | 1,519,363 |  |  | 1,673,720 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 4,760,974 |  |  | $ | 4,724,898 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

Table of Contents
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
UNAUDITED

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 |  | 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (104,903) |  |  | $ | 92,957 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 40,088 |  |  | 65,550 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 13,966 |  |  | 26,646 |
Share-based compensation expense | 7,681 |  |  | 8,103 |
Change in debt discounts and deferred debt issuance costs | 2,751 |  |  | 4,802 |
Deferred income taxes | (53,365) |  |  | 124 |
(Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment | (183) |  |  | 2,004 |
Changes in other components of working capital | 338,527 |  |  | (363,074) |
Other long-term liabilities | 10,862 |  |  | 11,225 |
Other, net | (4,146) |  |  | (955) |
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES | 251,278 |  |  | (152,618) |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |
Acquisition of property and equipment | (42,809) |  |  | (27,162) |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 6,738 |  |  | 5,236 |
Investments in securities | (11,145) |  |  | (25,541) |
Proceeds from maturities and sales of investments in securities | 8,333 |  |  | 16,443 |
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (38,883) |  |  | (31,024) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from debt | 498,606 |  |  | 448,270 |
Repayment of debt | (533,452) |  |  | (510,146) |
Cash payments related to share-based compensation | (1,389) |  |  | (1,627) |
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests | (46,500) |  |  | (17,250) |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 3,961 |  |  | 7,000 |
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (78,774) |  |  | (73,753) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 133,621 |  |  | (257,395) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 211,396 |  |  | 451,852 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 345,017 |  |  | $ | 194,457 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Table of Contents
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED
(1)Basis of Presentation
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include footnotes and certain financial information normally presented annually under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Therefore, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Tutor Perini Corporation’s (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 may not be indicative of the results that will be achieved for the full year ending December 31, 2022.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments, including those of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2022 and its consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain amounts in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements of prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
(2)Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate revenue by end market, customer type and contract type, which the Company believes best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Civil segment revenue by end market: |  |  |  |  |
Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | $ | 311,702 |  | $ | 386,913 |  |  | $ | 794,414 |  | $ | 1,062,322 |
Bridges | 86,042 |  | 67,117 |  |  | 212,362 |  | 179,059 |
Military defense facilities | 66,063 |  | 46,615 |  |  | 176,212 |  | 140,736 |
Water | 27,098 |  | 22,470 |  |  | 70,134 |  | 74,080 |
Other | 10,000 |  | 23,103 |  |  | 42,200 |  | 120,948 |
Total Civil segment revenue | $ | 500,905 |  | $ | 546,218 |  |  | $ | 1,295,322 |  | $ | 1,577,145 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Building segment revenue by end market: |  |  |  |  |
Municipal and government | $ | 88,624 |  | $ | 76,471 |  |  | $ | 248,405 |  | $ | 222,855 |
Commercial and industrial facilities | 60,711 |  | 75,402 |  |  | 149,106 |  | 307,414 |
Health care facilities | 48,602 |  | 20,287 |  |  | 134,439 |  | 44,294 |
Hospitality and gaming | 17,455 |  | 89,317 |  |  | 118,450 |  | 276,029 |
Mass transit (includes transportation projects) | 40,783 |  | 38,868 |  |  | 111,431 |  | 99,747 |
Education facilities | 41,538 |  | 39,528 |  |  | 102,574 |  | 123,988 |
Other | 20,337 |  | 21,068 |  |  | 51,234 |  | 76,507 |
Total Building segment revenue | $ | 318,050 |  | $ | 360,941 |  |  | $ | 915,639 |  | $ | 1,150,834 |

7

Table of Contents
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Specialty Contractors segment revenue by end market: |  |  |  |  |
Mass transit (includes certain transportation and tunneling projects) | $ | 95,281 |  | $ | 135,971 |  |  | $ | 289,703 |  | $ | 465,179 |
Commercial and industrial facilities | 50,213 |  | 33,897 |  |  | 116,514 |  | 109,283 |
Multi-unit residential | 31,461 |  | 28,054 |  |  | 84,642 |  | 101,498 |
Water | 20,274 |  | 29,161 |  |  | 55,693 |  | 67,829 |
Education facilities | 20,186 |  | 13,876 |  |  | 40,627 |  | 45,657 |
Federal government | 14,552 |  | 4,454 |  |  | 35,407 |  | 8,956 |
Other | 20,004 |  | 25,650 |  |  | 50,560 |  | 78,679 |
Total Specialty Contractors segment revenue | $ | 251,971 |  | $ | 271,063 |  |  | $ | 673,146 |  | $ | 877,081 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total |  | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total
Revenue by customer type: |  |  |  |  |
State and local agencies | $ | 375,566 |  | $ | 136,082 |  | $ | 113,907 |  | $ | 625,555 |  |  | $ | 478,720 |  | $ | 99,540 |  | $ | 110,012 |  | $ | 688,272 |
Federal agencies | 97,741 |  | 42,367 |  | 4,983 |  | 145,091 |  |  | 48,680 |  | 50,437 |  | 14,716 |  | 113,833 |
Private owners | 27,598 |  | 139,601 |  | 133,081 |  | 300,280 |  |  | 18,818 |  | 210,964 |  | 146,335 |  | 376,117 |
Total revenue | $ | 500,905 |  | $ | 318,050 |  | $ | 251,971 |  | $ | 1,070,926 |  |  | $ | 546,218 |  | $ | 360,941 |  | $ | 271,063 |  | $ | 1,178,222 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total |  | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total
Revenue by customer type: |  |  |  |  |
State and local agencies | $ | 1,008,819 |  | $ | 349,245 |  | $ | 297,955 |  | $ | 1,656,019 |  |  | $ | 1,350,555 |  | $ | 268,396 |  | $ | 377,016 |  | $ | 1,995,967 |
Federal agencies | 211,426 |  | 130,867 |  | 19,503 |  | 361,796 |  |  | 149,648 |  | 150,085 |  | 41,657 |  | 341,390 |
Private owners | 75,077 |  | 435,527 |  | 355,688 |  | 866,292 |  |  | 76,942 |  | 732,353 |  | 458,408 |  | 1,267,703 |
Total revenue | $ | 1,295,322 |  | $ | 915,639 |  | $ | 673,146 |  | $ | 2,884,107 |  |  | $ | 1,577,145 |  | $ | 1,150,834 |  | $ | 877,081 |  | $ | 3,605,060 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total |  | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total
Revenue by contract type: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed price | $ | 416,216 |  | $ | 103,804 |  | $ | 206,886 |  | $ | 726,906 |  |  | $ | 473,212 |  | $ | 89,895 |  | $ | 235,534 |  | $ | 798,641 |
Guaranteed maximum price | (13) |  | 144,831 |  | 5,627 |  | 150,445 |  |  | 502 |  | 219,395 |  | 5,420 |  | 225,317 |
Unit price | 90,372 |  | — |  | 25,951 |  | 116,323 |  |  | 71,429 |  | 130 |  | 23,558 |  | 95,117 |
Cost plus fee and other | (5,670) |  | 69,415 |  | 13,507 |  | 77,252 |  |  | 1,075 |  | 51,521 |  | 6,551 |  | 59,147 |
Total revenue | $ | 500,905 |  | $ | 318,050 |  | $ | 251,971 |  | $ | 1,070,926 |  |  | $ | 546,218 |  | $ | 360,941 |  | $ | 271,063 |  | $ | 1,178,222 |

8

Table of Contents
TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total |  | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total
Revenue by contract type: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed price | $ | 1,090,623 |  | $ | 270,618 |  | $ | 563,985 |  | $ | 1,925,226 |  |  | $ | 1,353,436 |  | $ | 269,693 |  | $ | 775,292 |  | $ | 2,398,421 |
Guaranteed maximum price | 581 |  | 462,294 |  | 14,321 |  | 477,196 |  |  | 2,270 |  | 737,251 |  | 9,113 |  | 748,634 |
Unit price | 213,092 |  | 33 |  | 62,837 |  | 275,962 |  |  | 212,678 |  | (1,323) |  | 80,558 |  | 291,913 |
Cost plus fee and other | (8,974) |  | 182,694 |  | 32,003 |  | 205,723 |  |  | 8,761 |  | 145,213 |  | 12,118 |  | 166,092 |
Total revenue | $ | 1,295,322 |  | $ | 915,639 |  | $ | 673,146 |  | $ | 2,884,107 |  |  | $ | 1,577,145 |  | $ | 1,150,834 |  | $ | 877,081 |  | $ | 3,605,060 |

Changes in Contract Estimates that Impact Revenue
Changes to the total estimated contract revenue or cost for a given project, either due to unexpected events or revisions to management’s initial estimates, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Revenue was negatively impacted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in prior periods by $54.2 million and $164.1 million, respectively. Likewise, revenue was negatively impacted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in prior periods by $2.1 million and $37.1 million, respectively.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed and exclude unexercised contract options. As of September 30, 2022, the aggregate amounts of the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations of the Company’s construction contracts were $4.7 billion, $2.3 billion and $1.3 billion for the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, the aggregate amounts of the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations of the Company’s construction contracts were $4.4 billion, $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion for the Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments, respectively. The Company typically recognizes revenue on Civil segment projects over a period of three to five years, whereas for projects in the Building and Specialty Contractors segments, the Company typically recognizes revenue over a period of one to three years.
(3)Contract Assets and Liabilities
The Company classifies contract assets and liabilities that may be settled beyond one year from the balance sheet date as current, consistent with the length of time of the Company’s project operating cycle.
Contract assets include amounts due under retention provisions, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and capitalized contract costs. The amounts as included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following:

(in thousands) | As of September 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021
Retention receivable | $ | 583,789 |  | $ | 568,881 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings: |  |
Claims | 741,678 |  | 833,352 |
Unapproved change orders | 584,388 |  | 418,054 |
Other unbilled costs and profits | 122,275 |  | 105,362 |
Total costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | 1,448,341 |  | 1,356,768 |
Capitalized contract costs | 60,740 |  | 69,027 |
Total contract assets | $ | 2,092,870 |  | $ | 1,994,676 |

Retention receivable represents amounts invoiced to customers where payments have been partially withheld pending the completion of certain milestones, satisfaction of other contractual conditions or the completion of the project. Retention
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agreements vary from project to project, and balances could be outstanding for several months or years depending on a number of circumstances such as contract-specific terms, project performance and other variables that may arise as the Company makes progress toward completion. As of September 30, 2022, the amount of retention receivable estimated by management to be collected beyond one year is approximately 47% of the balance.
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings represent the excess of contract costs and profits (or contract revenue) over the amount of contract billings to date and are classified as a current asset. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings result when either: (1) the appropriate contract revenue amount has been recognized over time in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), but a portion of the revenue recorded cannot be billed currently due to the billing terms defined in the contract, or (2) costs are incurred related to certain claims and unapproved change orders. Claims occur when there is a dispute regarding both a change in the scope of work and the price associated with that change. Unapproved change orders occur when a change in the scope of work results in additional work being performed before the parties have agreed on the corresponding change in the contract price. The Company routinely estimates recovery related to claims and unapproved change orders as a form of variable consideration at the most likely amount it expects to receive and to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Claims and unapproved change orders are billable upon the agreement and resolution between the contractual parties and after the execution of contractual amendments. Increases in claims and unapproved change orders typically result from costs being incurred against existing or new positions; decreases normally result from resolutions and subsequent billings. As discussed in Note 10, the resolution of these claims and unapproved change orders may require litigation or other forms of dispute resolution proceedings. Other unbilled costs and profits are billable in accordance with the billing terms of each of the existing contractual arrangements and, as such, the timing of contract billing cycles can cause fluctuations in the balance of unbilled costs and profits. Ultimate resolution of other unbilled costs and profits typically involves incremental progress toward contractual requirements or milestones.
Capitalized contract costs are included in other current assets and primarily represent costs to fulfill a contract that (1) directly relate to an existing or anticipated contract, (2) generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future and (3) are expected to be recovered through the contract. Capitalized contract costs are generally expensed to the associated contract over the period of anticipated use on the project. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, $13.7 million and $45.3 million, respectively, of previously capitalized contract costs were amortized and recognized as expense on the related contracts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $11.3 million and $36.6 million, respectively, of previously capitalized contract costs were amortized and recognized as expense on the related contracts.
Contract liabilities include amounts owed under retention provisions and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings. The amount as reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following:

(in thousands) | As of September 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021
Retention payable | $ | 241,518 |  | $ | 268,945 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | 966,065 |  | 761,689 |
Total contract liabilities | $ | 1,207,583 |  | $ | 1,030,634 |

Retention payable represents amounts invoiced to the Company by subcontractors where payments have been partially withheld pending the completion of certain milestones, other contractual conditions or upon the completion of the project. Generally, retention payable is not remitted to subcontractors until the associated retention receivable from customers is collected. As of September 30, 2022, the amount of retention payable estimated by management to be remitted beyond one year is approximately 43% of the balance.
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings represent the excess of contract billings to date over the amount of contract costs and profits (or contract revenue) recognized to date. The balance may fluctuate depending on the timing of contract billings and the recognition of contract revenue. Revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and included in the opening billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings balances for each period totaled $447.4 million and $487.1 million, respectively. Revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and included in the opening billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings balances for each period totaled $288.0 million and $608.4 million, respectively.
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(4)Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

(in thousands) | As of September 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents available for general corporate purposes | $ | 110,736 |  | $ | 60,192 |
Joint venture cash and cash equivalents | 212,464 |  | 142,005 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 323,200 |  | 202,197 |
Restricted cash | 21,817 |  | 9,199 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 345,017 |  | $ | 211,396 |

Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when acquired. Cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts available for the Company’s general purposes, the Company’s proportionate share of cash held by the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures and 100% of amounts held by the Company’s consolidated joint ventures. In both cases, cash held by joint ventures is available only for joint venture-related uses, including future distributions to joint venture partners.
Restricted cash includes amounts held as collateral to secure insurance-related contingent obligations, such as insurance claim deductibles, in lieu of letters of credit.
(5)Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS are calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation by the following: for basic EPS, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period; and for diluted EPS, the sum of the weighted-average number of both outstanding common shares and potentially dilutive securities, which for the Company can include restricted stock units and unexercised stock options. Potentially dilutive securities also included the Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 8) prior to their repayment on June 15, 2021; however, the Convertible Notes had no impact on diluted EPS. The Company calculates the effect of the potentially dilutive restricted stock units and stock options using the treasury stock method.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per common share data) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | (32,455) |  | $ | 15,394 |  |  | $ | (117,092) |  | $ | 62,593 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | 51,404 |  | 51,072 |  |  | 51,263 |  | 50,995 |
Effect of dilutive restricted stock units and stock options | — |  | 294 |  |  | — |  | 369 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted | 51,404 |  | 51,366 |  |  | 51,263 |  | 51,364 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.63) |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | (2.28) |  | $ | 1.23 |
Diluted | $ | (0.63) |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | (2.28) |  | $ | 1.22 |
Anti-dilutive securities not included above | 3,011 |  | 2,131 |  |  | 3,280 |  | 1,861 |

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, all outstanding restricted stock units and stock options were excluded from the calculation of weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, as the shares have an anti-dilutive effect due to the net loss for the period.
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(6)Income Taxes
The Company recognized income tax expense of $0.6 million and an income tax benefit of $47.0 million, resulting in an effective income tax rate of (2.4)% and 31.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized income tax expense based on a pre-tax loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily as a result of a change during the quarter to forecasted pre-tax earnings for 2022, the cumulative impact of which offset the tax benefits generated during the quarter. The effective income tax rates for both periods reflect pre-tax losses incurred in the periods and projected for the full year. In periods reporting pre-tax losses, tax benefits generated during the period increase the effective income tax rate. The tax benefits that increased the income tax rates in both periods were primarily state income taxes (net of federal tax benefit) and the earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (for which income taxes are not the responsibility of the Company).
The Company’s effective income tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were 24.9% and 22.0%, respectively. The effective income tax rates for both periods were higher than the 21% federal statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes and adjustments recorded when the final 2020 tax return information became available, partially offset by earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests, for which income taxes are not the responsibility of the Company.
(7)Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill since its inception through September 30, 2022:

(in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total
Gross goodwill as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 492,074 |  | $ | 424,724 |  | $ | 156,193 |  | $ | 1,072,991 |
Accumulated impairment as of December 31, 2021 | (286,931) |  | (424,724) |  | (156,193) |  | (867,848) |
Goodwill as of December 31, 2021 | 205,143 |  | — |  | — |  | 205,143 |
Current year activity | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Goodwill as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 205,143 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 205,143 |

The Company performed its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2021 and concluded goodwill was not impaired. In addition, the Company determined that no triggering events occurred and no circumstances changed since the date of our annual impairment test that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Civil reporting unit below its carrying amount.
The Company will continue to monitor events and circumstances for changes that indicate the Civil reporting unit goodwill would need to be reevaluated for impairment during future interim periods prior to the annual impairment test. These future events and circumstances include, but are not limited to, changes in the overall financial performance of the Civil reporting unit, impacts to our business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other quantitative and qualitative factors which could indicate potential triggering events for possible impairment.
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Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of the following:

| As of September 30, 2022 |  | Weighted-Average Amortization Period
(in thousands) | Cost | Accumulated Amortization | Accumulated Impairment Charge | Carrying Value |
Trade names (non-amortizable) | $ | 117,600 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (67,190) |  | $ | 50,410 |  |  | Indefinite
Trade names (amortizable) | 69,250 |  | (25,326) |  | (23,232) |  | 20,692 |  |  | 20 years
Contractor license | 6,000 |  | — |  | (6,000) |  | — |  |  | N/A
Customer relationships | 39,800 |  | (23,155) |  | (16,645) |  | — |  |  | N/A
Construction contract backlog | 149,290 |  | (149,290) |  | — |  | — |  |  | N/A
Total | $ | 381,940 |  | $ | (197,771) |  | $ | (113,067) |  | $ | 71,102 |  |  |

| As of December 31, 2021 |  | Weighted-Average Amortization Period
(in thousands) | Cost | Accumulated Amortization | Accumulated Impairment Charge | Carrying Value |
Trade names (non-amortizable) | $ | 117,600 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (67,190) |  | $ | 50,410 |  |  | Indefinite
Trade names (amortizable) | 69,250 |  | (23,650) |  | (23,232) |  | 22,368 |  |  | 20 years
Contractor license | 6,000 |  | — |  | (6,000) |  | — |  |  | N/A
Customer relationships | 39,800 |  | (23,053) |  | (16,645) |  | 102 |  |  | 12 years
Construction contract backlog | 149,290 |  | (137,102) |  | — |  | 12,188 |  |  | 3 years
Total | $ | 381,940 |  | $ | (183,805) |  | $ | (113,067) |  | $ | 85,068 |  |  |

Amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $3.8 million and $14.0 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $9.3 million and $26.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, future amortization expense is estimated to be $0.6 million for the remainder of 2022, $2.2 million per year for the years 2023 through 2027 and $9.1 million thereafter.
The Company performed its annual impairment test for non-amortizable trade names during the fourth quarter of 2021. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that its non-amortizable trade names were not impaired. In addition, the Company determined that no triggering events occurred and no circumstances changed since the date of our annual impairment test that would indicate impairment of its non-amortizable trade names.
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(8)Financial Commitments
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt as reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following:

(in thousands) | As of September 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021
2017 Senior Notes | $ | 497,020 |  | $ | 496,244 |
Term Loan B | 404,696 |  | 406,335 |
2020 Revolver | — |  | 27,000 |
Equipment financing and mortgages | 50,412 |  | 56,246 |
Other indebtedness | 9,006 |  | 7,829 |
Total debt | 961,134 |  | 993,654 |
Less: Current maturities | 26,875 |  | 24,406 |
Long-term debt, net | $ | 934,259 |  | $ | 969,248 |

The following table reconciles the outstanding debt balances to the reported debt balances as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

| As of September 30, 2022 |  | As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Outstanding Debt | Unamortized Discounts and Issuance Costs | Debt, as reported |  | Outstanding Debt | Unamortized Discounts and Issuance Costs | Debt, as reported
2017 Senior Notes | $ | 500,000 |  | $ | (2,980) |  | $ | 497,020 |  |  | $ | 500,000 |  | $ | (3,756) |  | $ | 496,244 |
Term Loan B | 416,500 |  | (11,804) |  | 404,696 |  |  | 419,688 |  | (13,353) |  | 406,335 |

The unamortized issuance costs related to the 2020 Revolver were $1.7 million and $2.1 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and are included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
2020 Credit Agreement
On August 18, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2020 Credit Agreement”) with BMO Harris Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer and other lenders. The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $425.0 million term loan B facility (the “Term Loan B”) and a $175.0 million revolving credit facility (the “2020 Revolver”), with sublimits for the issuance of letters of credit and swing line loans up to the aggregate amounts of $75.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively. The Term Loan B will mature on August 18, 2027 and the 2020 Revolver will mature on August 18, 2025, in each case, unless any of the 2017 Senior Notes are outstanding on January 30, 2025 (which is 91 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes), in which case, both the Term Loan B and the 2020 Revolver will mature on January 30, 2025 (subject to certain further exceptions).
The 2020 Credit Agreement permits the Company to repay any or all borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Credit Agreement at any time prior to maturity without penalty. The 2020 Credit Agreement requires the Company to make regularly scheduled payments of principal on the Term Loan B in quarterly installments equal to 0.25% of the initial principal amount of the Term Loan B. The 2020 Credit Agreement also requires the Company to make prepayments on the Term Loan B in connection with certain asset sales, receipts of insurance proceeds, incurrences of unpermitted indebtedness and annual excess cash flow (subject to certain exceptions).
Subject to certain exceptions, at any time prior to maturity, the 2020 Credit Agreement provides the Company with the right to increase the commitments under the 2020 Revolver and/or to establish one or more term loan facilities in an aggregate amount up to (i) the greater of $173.5 million and 50% LTM EBITDA (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) plus (ii) additional amounts if (A) in the case of pari passu first lien secured indebtedness, the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) does not exceed 1.35:1.00, (B) in the case of junior lien secured indebtedness, the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) does not exceed 3.50:1.00 and (C) in the case of unsecured indebtedness,
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UNAUDITED
(x) the Total Net Leverage Ratio does not exceed 3.50:1.00 or (y) the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) is no less than 2.00:1.00.
Borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate equal to (i) (a) London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or (b) a base rate (determined by reference to the highest of (1) the administrative agent’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points and (3) the LIBOR rate for a one-month interest period plus 100 basis points) plus, (ii) an applicable margin. The margin applicable to the Term Loan B is between 4.50% and 4.75% for LIBOR and between 3.50% and 3.75% for base rate, and, in each case, is based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio. The margin applicable to the 2020 Revolver is between 4.25% and 4.75% for LIBOR and 3.25% and 3.75% for base rate, and, in each case, is based on the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the 2020 Credit Agreement, the Company will pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the 2020 Revolver in respect of the unutilized commitments thereunder. The Company will pay customary letter of credit fees. If a payment or bankruptcy event of default occurs and is continuing, the otherwise applicable margin on overdue amounts will be increased by 2% per annum. The agreement includes provisions for the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative benchmark rate upon LIBOR being discontinued. The weighted-average annual interest rate on borrowings under the 2020 Revolver was 7.21% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The 2020 Credit Agreement initially required, with respect to the 2020 Revolver only, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to maintain a maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of 2.75:1:00, stepping down to 2.25:1.00 beginning the quarter ending March 31, 2022. On October 31, 2022, the 2020 Credit Agreement was amended to set the maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio covenant level to 2.75:1.00, effective the quarter ending September 30, 2022, and stepping back down to 2.25:1.00 beginning the quarter ending June 30, 2023. As of the effective date, the amendment also changes the reference interest rate on the 2020 Revolver from LIBOR to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The 2020 Credit Agreement also includes certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default. Subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of the Company’s existing and future material wholly-owned subsidiaries unconditionally guarantee the obligations of the Company under the 2020 Credit Agreement; additionally, subject to certain exceptions, the obligations are secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries guaranteeing these obligations.
As of September 30, 2022, the entire $175 million was available under the 2020 Revolver. The Company had not utilized the 2020 Revolver for letters of credit. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenant under the 2020 Credit Agreement for the period ended September 30, 2022.
Repurchase and Repayment of Convertible Notes
On June 15, 2021, the Company repaid the $69.9 million outstanding principal balance of the 2.875% Convertible Senior Notes (the “Convertible Notes”).
2017 Senior Notes
On April 20, 2017, the Company issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the “2017 Senior Notes”) in a private placement offering. Interest on the 2017 Senior Notes is payable in arrears semi-annually in May and November of each year, beginning in November 2017.
The Company may redeem the 2017 Senior Notes at specified redemption prices described in the indenture. Upon a change of control, holders of the 2017 Senior Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or part of the 2017 Senior Notes at 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
The 2017 Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by substantially all of the Company’s existing and future subsidiaries that also guarantee obligations under the Company’s 2020 Credit Agreement, as defined above. In addition, the indenture for the 2017 Senior Notes provides for customary covenants, including events of default and restrictions on the payment of dividends and share repurchases.
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UNAUDITED
Interest Expense
Interest expense as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Cash interest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Interest on 2017 Senior Notes | $ | 8,593 |  | $ | 8,594 |  |  | $ | 25,781 |  | $ | 25,781 |
Interest on Term Loan B | 6,822 |  | 6,198 |  |  | 18,940 |  | 18,407 |
Interest on 2020 Revolver | 106 |  | 436 |  |  | 739 |  | 1,109 |
Interest on Convertible Notes | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 921 |
Other interest | 559 |  | 532 |  |  | 1,499 |  | 1,422 |
Total cash interest expense | 16,080 |  | 15,760 |  |  | 46,959 |  | 47,640 |
Non-cash interest expense:(a) |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on Convertible Notes | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 2,040 |
Amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on Term Loan B | 528 |  | 547 |  |  | 1,549 |  | 1,613 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs on 2020 Revolver | 144 |  | 142 |  |  | 427 |  | 426 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs on 2017 Senior Notes | 263 |  | 245 |  |  | 776 |  | 723 |
Total non-cash interest expense | 935 |  | 934 |  |  | 2,752 |  | 4,802 |
Total interest expense | $ | 17,015 |  | $ | 16,694 |  |  | $ | 49,711 |  | $ | 52,442 |

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)The combination of cash and non-cash interest expense produces effective interest rates that are higher than contractual rates. Accordingly, the effective interest rates for the 2017 Senior Notes and Term Loan B were 7.13% and 6.43%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(9)Leases
The Company leases certain office space, construction and office equipment, vehicles and temporary housing generally under non-cancelable operating leases. Leases with an initial term of one year or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the Company generally recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s operating leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than one year to 16 years, some of which include options to renew the leases. The exercise of lease renewal options is generally at the Company’s sole discretion. The Company’s leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The following table presents components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Operating lease expense | $ | 3,685 |  | $ | 3,660 |  |  | $ | 11,754 |  | $ | 11,085 |
Short-term lease expense(a) | 15,393 |  | 17,951 |  |  | 42,828 |  | 57,377 |
| 19,078 |  | 21,611 |  |  | 54,582 |  | 68,462 |
Less: Sublease income | 193 |  | 176 |  |  | 573 |  | 522 |
Total lease expense | $ | 18,885 |  | $ | 21,435 |  |  | $ | 54,009 |  | $ | 67,940 |

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)Short-term lease expense includes all leases with lease terms of up to one year. Short-term leases include, among other things, construction equipment rented on an as-needed basis as well as temporary housing.
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UNAUDITED
The following table presents supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases:

(dollars in thousands) | Balance Sheet Line Item | As of September 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021
Assets |  |  |
Right-of-use assets | Other assets | $ | 61,693 |  | $ | 53,462 |
Total lease assets |  | $ | 61,693 |  | $ | 53,462 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current lease liabilities | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 7,147 |  | $ | 7,481 |
Long-term lease liabilities | Other long-term liabilities | 59,352 |  | 50,057 |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 66,499 |  | $ | 57,538 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term |  | 11.6 years | 12.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate |  | 9.42 | % | 9.44 | %

The following table presents supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to operating leases:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021
Operating cash flow information: |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | (11,007) |  | $ | (10,344) |
Non-cash activity: |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities | $ | 16,305 |  | $ | 6,686 |

The following table presents maturities of operating lease liabilities on an undiscounted basis as of September 30, 2022:

Year (in thousands) | Operating Leases
2022 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2022) | $ | 3,252 |
2023 | 12,344 |
2024 | 9,925 |
2025 | 9,023 |
2026 | 7,688 |
Thereafter | 73,375 |
Total lease payments | 115,607 |
Less: Imputed interest | 49,108 |
Total | $ | 66,499 |

(10)Commitments and Contingencies
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are involved in litigation and other legal proceedings and forms of dispute resolution in the ordinary course of business, including but not limited to disputes over contract payment and/or performance-related issues (such as disagreements regarding delay or a change in the scope of work of a project and/or the price associated with that change) and other matters incidental to the Company’s business. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company makes assessments of these types of matters on a routine basis and, to the extent permitted by ASC 606, estimates and records recovery related to these matters as a form of variable consideration at the most likely amount the Company expects to receive, as discussed further in Note 3. In addition, the Company is contingently liable for litigation, performance guarantees and other commitments arising in the ordinary course of business, which are accounted for in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. Management reviews these matters regularly and updates or revises its estimates as warranted by subsequent information and developments. These assessments require judgments concerning matters that are inherently uncertain, such as litigation developments and outcomes, the anticipated outcome of negotiations and the estimated cost of resolving disputes.
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Consequently, these assessments are estimates, and actual amounts may vary from such estimates. In addition, because such matters are typically resolved over long periods of time, the Company’s assets and liabilities may change over time should the circumstances dictate. The description of the legal proceedings listed below include management’s assessment of those proceedings. Management believes that, based on current information and discussions with the Company’s legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of other matters is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
A description of the material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business is as follows:
Alaskan Way Viaduct Matter
In January 2011, Seattle Tunnel Partners (“STP”), a joint venture between Dragados USA, Inc. and the Company, entered into a design-build contract with the Washington State Department of Transportation (“WSDOT”) for the construction of a large-diameter bored tunnel in downtown Seattle, King County, Washington to replace the Alaskan Way Viaduct, also known as State Route 99. The Company has a 45% interest in STP.
The construction of the large-diameter bored tunnel required the use of a tunnel boring machine (“TBM”). In December 2013, the TBM struck a steel pipe, installed by WSDOT as a well casing for an exploratory well. The TBM was significantly damaged and was required to be repaired. STP has asserted that the steel pipe casing was a differing site condition that WSDOT failed to properly disclose. The Disputes Review Board mandated by the contract to hear disputes issued a decision finding the steel casing was a Type I (material) differing site condition. WSDOT did not accept that finding.
The TBM was insured under a Builder’s Risk Insurance Policy (the “Policy”) with Great Lakes Reinsurance (UK) PLC and a consortium of other insurers (the “Insurers”). STP submitted the claims to the Insurers and requested interim payments under the Policy. The Insurers refused to pay and denied coverage. In June 2015, STP filed a lawsuit in the King County Superior Court, State of Washington seeking declaratory relief concerning contract interpretation, as well as damages as a result of the Insurers’ breach of their obligations under the terms of the Policy. STP is also asserting extra-contractual and statutory claims against the Insurers. STP submitted damages to the Insurers in the King County lawsuit in the amount of $532 million. WSDOT is deemed a plaintiff since WSDOT is an insured under the Policy and had filed its own claim for damages. Hitachi Zosen (“Hitachi”), the manufacturer of the TBM, joined the case as a plaintiff for costs incurred to repair the damages to the TBM.
In April and September 2018, rulings received on pre-trial motions limited some of the potential recoveries under the Policy for STP, WSDOT and Hitachi. On August 2, 2021, the Court of Appeals reversed in part certain of those limitations but affirmed other parts of those rulings. On September 15, 2022, the Washington Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeals, which limits recovery of certain damages under the Policy. Based on the rulings of the Court of Appeals, the case will continue for adjudication on the remaining facts and legal issues, including the number of covered occurrences which could increase the amount of available coverage under the Policy and the amount of investigative costs that are subject to the Policy limits. STP also has claims for costs, fees, pre-judgment interest and extra-contractual and statutory claims, which are not subject to the Policy limits.
In March 2016, WSDOT filed a complaint against STP in Thurston County Superior Court alleging breach of contract, seeking $57.2 million in delay-related damages and seeking declaratory relief concerning contract interpretation. STP filed its answer to WSDOT’s complaint and filed a counterclaim against WSDOT and Hitachi, as the TBM designer, seeking damages of $667 million. On October 3, 2019, STP and Hitachi entered into a settlement agreement which released and dismissed the claims that STP and Hitachi had against each other. The jury trial between STP and WSDOT commenced on October 7, 2019 and concluded on December 13, 2019, with a jury verdict in favor of WSDOT awarding them $57.2 million in damages. Judgment was entered on January 10, 2020, and STP appealed the decision. On June 14, 2022, the Court of Appeals of the State of Washington affirmed the judgment. STP filed a petition for discretionary review by the Washington Supreme Court on July 12, 2022, which was denied by the Supreme Court on October 10, 2022. On October 18, 2022, STP paid the damages and associated interest from the judgment, which included the Company’s proportionate share of $34.6 million. As a result, the lawsuit between STP and WSDOT has concluded.
The Company recorded the impact of the jury verdict during the fourth quarter of 2019, resulting in a pre-tax charge of $166.8 million, which included $25.7 million for the Company’s 45% proportionate share of the $57.2 million in damages awarded by the jury to WSDOT. The charge was for non-cash write-downs primarily related to the costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and receivables that the Company previously recorded to reflect its expected recovery in this case.
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With respect to STP’s direct and indirect claims against the Insurers, management has included in receivables an estimate of the total anticipated recovery concluded to be probable.
George Washington Bridge Bus Station Matter
In August 2013, Tutor Perini Building Corp. (“TPBC”) entered into a contract with the George Washington Bridge Bus Station Development Venture, LLC (the “Developer”) to renovate the George Washington Bridge Bus Station, a mixed-use facility owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (the “Port Authority”) that serves as a transit facility and retail space. The $100 million project experienced significant design errors and associated delays, resulting in damages to TPBC and its subcontractors, including WDF and Five Star, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. The project reached substantial completion on May 16, 2017.
On February 26, 2015, the Developer filed a demand for arbitration, subsequently amended, seeking $30 million in alleged damages and declaratory relief that TPBC’s requests for additional compensation are invalid due to lack of notice. TPBC denied the Developer’s claims and filed a counterclaim in March 2018. TPBC seeks in excess of $113 million in the arbitration, which includes unpaid contract balance claims, the return of $29 million retained by the Developer in alleged damages, as well as extra work claims, pass-through claims and delay claims.
Hearings on the merits commenced on September 24, 2018 before the arbitration panel. On June 4, 2019, the arbitration panel, as confirmed by the U.S. District Court in the Southern District of New York, issued a writ of attachment for $23 million of the $29 million discussed above. On October 7, 2019, the Developer filed for bankruptcy protection in the Southern District of New York under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. The filing for bankruptcy stayed the pending arbitration proceedings. TPBC appeared in the bankruptcy proceedings on October 8, 2019 and filed a Proof of Claim in the amount of $113 million on December 13, 2019.
On June 5, 2020, the Developer, secured lenders and the Port Authority announced that they had reached a settlement of their disputes. As part of the settlement, the Port Authority waived the enforcement of its right to seek a “cure” pursuant to its lease agreement with the Developer which requires construction costs be paid prior to any sale of the leasehold, the sole asset in the Developer’s bankruptcy estate to be distributed in this bankruptcy. On July 14, 2020, the bankruptcy court conducted a hearing to determine (1) whether to approve the settlement agreement between the Developer, secured lenders and the Port Authority; and (2) whether TPBC can assert third-party beneficiary rights to the lease agreement and require that prior to the sale of the leasehold, any outstanding costs owed to contractors for the cost of building the project must be paid pursuant to the lease agreement’s “cure” provisions. On August 12, 2020, the bankruptcy court approved the settlement and denied TPBC’s third-party beneficiary rights under the lease agreement. On August 20, 2020, TPBC filed an appeal with the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking to challenge the denial of its third-party beneficiary rights under the lease agreement’s “cure” provisions to avoid being subordinate to the claims of the secured lenders in the bankruptcy proceedings, which was denied by the U.S. District Court on August 4, 2021 and is now before the Second Circuit Court of Appeals and oral arguments before the Second Circuit were held on October 27, 2022. On August 25, 2021, the bankruptcy court approved the sale of the leasehold, which was completed on August 31, 2021, and is subject to a separate legal appeal pending before the U.S. District Court. On October 1, 2021, the bankruptcy court converted the case from a Chapter 11 to a Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding.
Separately, on July 2, 2018, TPBC filed a lawsuit against the Port Authority, as owner of the project, seeking the same $113 million in damages pursuant to the lease agreement between the Port Authority and the Developer. On August 20, 2018, the Port Authority filed a motion to dismiss all causes of action, which was denied by the court on July 1, 2019. The Port Authority appealed this decision on July 15, 2019. On February 18, 2021, the Appellate Division affirmed in part and reversed in part the trial court's denial of the Port Authority's motion to dismiss TPBC’s causes of action. On April 11, 2022, the court granted the Port Authority’s motion to dismiss on statutory notice grounds. The Company filed a notice of appeal on April 28, 2022.
In addition, on August 11, 2021, TPBC filed a second lawsuit in state court against the Port Authority alleging unjust enrichment and tortious interference with TPBC’s right to recover under the lease agreement’s “cure” provision in the bankruptcy proceeding. The case was removed to the federal bankruptcy court on September 21, 2021. The Port Authority filed a motion to dismiss on March 4, 2022, which the federal bankruptcy court granted on September 30, 2022.
On January 27, 2020, TPBC filed separate litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in which TPBC asserted related claims against individual owners of the Developer for their wrongful conversion of project funds and
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against lenders that received interest payments from project funds and other amounts earmarked to pay the contractors. On December 29, 2020, the court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motions to dismiss, resulting in the lender defendants being dismissed from the lawsuit and the lawsuit against the individual owners of the Developer continuing. The lawsuit was refiled in New York state court on July 26, 2021. On June 8, 2022, the court certified the class under the New York construction trust fund statutes. The case remains pending before the court.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company has concluded that the potential for a material adverse financial impact due to the Developer’s claims is remote. With respect to TPBC’s claims against the Developer, its owners, certain lenders and the Port Authority, management has made an estimate of the total anticipated recovery on this project, and such estimate is included in revenue recorded to date.
(11)Share-Based Compensation
As of September 30, 2022, there were 1,309,786 shares of common stock available for grant under the Tutor Perini Corporation Omnibus Incentive Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted the following share-based instruments: (1) restricted stock units (“RSUs”) totaling 375,769 and 555,986, respectively, with weighted-average grant date fair values per unit of $10.53 and $16.52, respectively; (2) cash-settled performance stock units (“CPSUs”) totaling 315,768 and 275,986, respectively, with weighted-average grant date fair values per unit of $14.89 and $20.21, respectively; and (3) shares of unrestricted stock totaling 165,030 and 96,668, respectively, with weighted-average grant date fair values per share of $10.63 and $15.62, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 500,000 stock options with a weighted-average exercise price per share of $11.15 expired.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, liabilities totaling approximately $2.6 million and $4.8 million, respectively, were included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for CPSUs and certain RSUs granted with guaranteed minimum payouts. The Company paid approximately $3.6 million and $0.3 million to settle certain awards during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized, as part of general and administrative expenses, costs for share-based payment arrangements totaling $2.9 million and $7.7 million, respectively, and $3.1 million and $8.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, the balance of unamortized share-based compensation expense was $14.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.
(12)Employee Pension Plans
The Company has a defined benefit pension plan and an unfunded supplemental retirement plan. Effective June 1, 2004, all benefit accruals under these plans were frozen; however, the current vested benefit was preserved. The pension disclosure presented below includes aggregated amounts for both of the Company’s plans.
The following table sets forth a summary of the net periodic benefit cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Interest cost | $ | 647 |  | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 1,940 |  | $ | 1,746 |
Service cost | 240 |  | 236 |  |  | 720 |  | 709 |
Expected return on plan assets | (973) |  | (1,015) |  |  | (2,919) |  | (3,045) |
Recognized net actuarial losses | 639 |  | 683 |  |  | 1,916 |  | 2,049 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 553 |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 1,657 |  | $ | 1,459 |

Due to the election of certain options provided under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, enacted on March 11, 2021, the Company is not required to, and does not intend to, contribute amounts to the defined benefit pension plan in 2022. The Company contributed $1.0 million to its defined benefit pension plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
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(13)Fair Value Measurements
The fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation techniques into the following three levels:
•Level 1 inputs are observable quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
•Level 2 inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, but are not Level 1 inputs
•Level 3 inputs are unobservable
The following fair value hierarchy table presents the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

| As of September 30, 2022 |  | As of December 31, 2021
| Fair Value Hierarchy |  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
(in thousands) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents(a) | $ | 323,200 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 323,200 |  |  | $ | 202,197 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 202,197 |
Restricted cash(a) | 21,817 |  | — |  | — |  |  | 21,817 |  |  | 9,199 |  | — |  | — |  |  | 9,199 |
Restricted investments(b) | — |  | 79,562 |  | — |  |  | 79,562 |  |  | — |  | 84,355 |  | — |  |  | 84,355 |
Investments in lieu of retention(c) | 23,434 |  | 58,441 |  | — |  |  | 81,875 |  |  | 27,472 |  | 58,856 |  | — |  |  | 86,328 |
Total | $ | 368,451 |  | $ | 138,003 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 506,454 |  |  | $ | 238,868 |  | $ | 143,211 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 382,079 |

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)Includes money market funds and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less when acquired.
(b)Restricted investments, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, consist of available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities, which are valued based on pricing models determined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 assets.
(c)Investments in lieu of retention are included in retention receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and are comprised of money market funds of $23.4 million and $27.5 million, respectively, and AFS debt securities of $58.4 million and $58.9 million, respectively. The fair values of the money market funds are measured using quoted market prices; therefore, they are classified as Level 1 assets. The fair values of AFS debt securities are determined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets; therefore, they are classified as Level 2 assets.
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Investments in AFS debt securities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

| As of September 30, 2022 |  | As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value
Restricted investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | $ | 47,529 |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | (3,866) |  | $ | 43,685 |  |  | $ | 46,649 |  | $ | 438 |  | $ | (438) |  | $ | 46,649 |
U.S. government agency securities | 29,063 |  | — |  | (1,756) |  | 27,307 |  |  | 28,316 |  | 459 |  | (133) |  | 28,642 |
Municipal bonds | 9,334 |  | — |  | (1,274) |  | 8,060 |  |  | 8,475 |  | 100 |  | (78) |  | 8,497 |
Corporate certificates of deposit | 564 |  | — |  | (54) |  | 510 |  |  | 571 |  | 2 |  | (6) |  | 567 |
Total restricted investments | 86,490 |  | 22 |  | (6,950) |  | 79,562 |  |  | 84,011 |  | 999 |  | (655) |  | 84,355 |
Investments in lieu of retention: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 61,656 |  | — |  | (4,143) |  | 57,513 |  |  | 58,261 |  | 72 |  | (741) |  | 57,592 |
Municipal bonds | 816 |  | 112 |  | — |  | 928 |  |  | 812 |  | 452 |  | — |  | 1,264 |
Total investments in lieu of retention | 62,472 |  | 112 |  | (4,143) |  | 58,441 |  |  | 59,073 |  | 524 |  | (741) |  | 58,856 |
Total AFS debt securities | $ | 148,962 |  | $ | 134 |  | $ | (11,093) |  | $ | 138,003 |  |  | $ | 143,084 |  | $ | 1,523 |  | $ | (1,396) |  | $ | 143,211 |

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The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

| As of September 30, 2022
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses
Restricted investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | $ | 26,673 |  | $ | (1,817) |  |  | $ | 16,742 |  | $ | (2,049) |  |  | $ | 43,415 |  | $ | (3,866) |
U.S. government agency securities | 22,552 |  | (1,108) |  |  | 4,755 |  | (648) |  |  | 27,307 |  | (1,756) |
Municipal bonds | 6,037 |  | (816) |  |  | 2,023 |  | (458) |  |  | 8,060 |  | (1,274) |
Corporate certificates of deposit | 118 |  | (12) |  |  | 392 |  | (42) |  |  | 510 |  | (54) |
Total restricted investments | 55,380 |  | (3,753) |  |  | 23,912 |  | (3,197) |  |  | 79,292 |  | (6,950) |
Investments in lieu of retention: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 57,513 |  | (4,143) |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 57,513 |  | (4,143) |
Total investments in lieu of retention | 57,513 |  | (4,143) |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 57,513 |  | (4,143) |
Total AFS debt securities | $ | 112,893 |  | $ | (7,896) |  |  | $ | 23,912 |  | $ | (3,197) |  |  | $ | 136,805 |  | $ | (11,093) |

| As of December 31, 2021
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses
Restricted investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | $ | 28,639 |  | $ | (434) |  |  | $ | 207 |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 28,846 |  | $ | (438) |
U.S. government agency securities | 5,382 |  | (97) |  |  | 824 |  | (36) |  |  | 6,206 |  | (133) |
Municipal bonds | 2,714 |  | (35) |  |  | 907 |  | (43) |  |  | 3,621 |  | (78) |
Corporate certificates of deposit | 435 |  | (6) |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | 435 |  | (6) |
Total restricted investments | 37,170 |  | (572) |  |  | 1,938 |  | (83) |  |  | 39,108 |  | (655) |
Investments in lieu of retention: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 46,486 |  | (736) |  |  | 714 |  | (5) |  |  | 47,200 |  | (741) |
Total investments in lieu of retention | 46,486 |  | (736) |  |  | 714 |  | (5) |  |  | 47,200 |  | (741) |
Total AFS debt securities | $ | 83,656 |  | $ | (1,308) |  |  | $ | 2,652 |  | $ | (88) |  |  | $ | 86,308 |  | $ | (1,396) |

The unrealized losses in AFS debt securities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are primarily attributable to market interest rate increases and not a deterioration in credit quality of the issuers. Management evaluated the unrealized losses in AFS debt securities considering factors including credit ratings and other relevant information, which may indicate that contractual cash flows are not expected to occur. Based on the analysis, management determined that credit losses did not exist for AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
It is not considered likely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before full recovery of the amortized cost basis of the AFS debt securities, which may be at maturity. As a result, consistent with the same period in 2021, the Company has not recognized any impairment losses in earnings during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
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The amortized cost and fair value of AFS debt securities by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2022 are summarized in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

(in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Fair Value
Due within one year | $ | 20,553 |  | $ | 20,333 |
Due after one year through five years | 117,590 |  | 108,498 |
Due after five years | 10,819 |  | 9,172 |
Total | $ | 148,962 |  | $ | 138,003 |

The carrying values of receivables, payables and other amounts arising out of normal contract activities, including retention, which may be settled beyond one year, are estimated to approximate fair value. Of the Company’s long-term debt, the fair value of the 2017 Senior Notes was $374.9 million and $504.9 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The fair value of the 2017 Senior Notes was determined using Level 1 inputs, specifically current observable market prices. The fair value of the Term Loan B was $384.2 million and $419.7 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The fair value of the Term Loan B was determined using Level 2 inputs, specifically third-party quoted market prices. The reported value of the Company’s remaining borrowings approximates fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
(14)Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
The Company may form joint ventures or partnerships with third parties for the execution of projects. In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”), the Company assesses its partnerships and joint ventures at inception to determine if any meet the qualifications of a VIE. The Company considers a joint venture a VIE if either (a) the total equity investment is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (either the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights, the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and/or their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. Upon the occurrence of certain events outlined in ASC 810, the Company reassesses its initial determination of whether a joint venture is a VIE.
ASC 810 also requires the Company to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (a) the power to direct the economically significant activities of the VIE and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company considers the contractual agreements that define the ownership structure, distribution of profits and losses, risks, responsibilities, indebtedness, voting rights and board representation of the respective parties in determining if the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company also considers all parties that have direct or implicit variable interests when determining whether it is the primary beneficiary. In accordance with ASC 810, management’s assessment of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE is performed continuously.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company had unconsolidated VIE-related current assets and liabilities of $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had unconsolidated VIE-related current assets and liabilities of $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively, included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investments in unconsolidated VIEs is typically limited to the aggregate of the carrying value of the investment and future funding commitments. There were no future funding requirements for the unconsolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2022.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet included current and noncurrent assets of $544.1 million and $16.4 million, respectively, as well as current liabilities of $584.9 million related to the operations of its consolidated VIEs. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet included current and noncurrent assets of $568.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively, as well as current liabilities of $496.9 million related to the operations of its consolidated VIEs.
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Below is a discussion of some of the Company’s more significant or unique VIEs.
The Company established a joint venture to construct the Purple Line Extension Section 2 (Tunnels and Stations) and Section 3 (Stations) mass-transit projects in Los Angeles, California with an original combined value of approximately $2.8 billion. The Company has a 75% interest in the joint venture with the remaining 25% held by O&G Industries, Inc. The joint venture was initially financed with contributions from the partners and, per the terms of the joint venture agreement, the partners may be required to provide additional capital contributions in the future. The Company has determined that this joint venture is a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary.
The Company also established a joint venture with Parsons Corporation (“Parsons”) to construct the Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal One project, a transportation infrastructure project in Newark, New Jersey with an original value of approximately $1.4 billion. The Company has an 80% interest in the joint venture with the remaining 20% held by Parsons. The joint venture was initially financed with contributions from the partners and, per the terms of the joint venture agreement, the partners may be required to provide additional capital contributions in the future. The Company has determined that this joint venture is a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary.
(15)Changes in Equity
A reconciliation of the changes in equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is provided below:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity
Balance - June 30, 2022 | $ | 51,358 |  | $ | 1,137,966 |  | $ | 429,673 |  | $ | (48,963) |  | $ | (2,088) |  | $ | 1,567,946 |
Net income (loss) | — |  | — |  | (32,455) |  | — |  | 8,385 |  | (24,070) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3,054) |  | (1,525) |  | (4,579) |
Share-based compensation | — |  | 1,816 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,816 |
Issuance of common stock, net | 127 |  | 123 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 250 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (22,000) |  | (22,000) |
Balance - September 30, 2022 | $ | 51,485 |  | $ | 1,139,905 |  | $ | 397,218 |  | $ | (52,017) |  | $ | (17,228) |  | $ | 1,519,363 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity
Balance - December 31, 2021 | $ | 51,096 |  | $ | 1,133,150 |  | $ | 514,310 |  | $ | (43,635) |  | $ | 18,799 |  | $ | 1,673,720 |
Net income (loss) | — |  | — |  | (117,092) |  | — |  | 12,189 |  | (104,903) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | (8,382) |  | (2,677) |  | (11,059) |
Share-based compensation | — |  | 6,818 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6,818 |
Issuance of common stock, net | 389 |  | (63) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 326 |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 961 |  | 961 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (46,500) |  | (46,500) |
Balance - September 30, 2022 | $ | 51,485 |  | $ | 1,139,905 |  | $ | 397,218 |  | $ | (52,017) |  | $ | (17,228) |  | $ | 1,519,363 |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity
Balance - June 30, 2021 | $ | 51,072 |  | $ | 1,130,368 |  | $ | 469,584 |  | $ | (46,526) |  | $ | 5,932 |  | $ | 1,610,430 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | 15,394 |  | — |  | 10,847 |  | 26,241 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | (634) |  | (447) |  | (1,081) |
Share-based compensation | — |  | 2,030 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,030 |
Issuance of common stock, net | — |  | (2) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2) |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,000 |  | 3,000 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (10,000) |  | (10,000) |
Balance - September 30, 2021 | $ | 51,072 |  | $ | 1,132,396 |  | $ | 484,978 |  | $ | (47,160) |  | $ | 9,332 |  | $ | 1,630,618 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity
Balance - December 31, 2020 | $ | 50,827 |  | $ | 1,127,385 |  | $ | 422,385 |  | $ | (46,741) |  | $ | (10,911) |  | $ | 1,542,945 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | 62,593 |  | — |  | 30,364 |  | 92,957 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (419) |  | 129 |  | (290) |
Share-based compensation | — |  | 6,787 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6,787 |
Issuance of common stock, net | 245 |  | (1,776) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,531) |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,000 |  | 7,000 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (17,250) |  | (17,250) |
Balance - September 30, 2021 | $ | 51,072 |  | $ | 1,132,396 |  | $ | 484,978 |  | $ | (47,160) |  | $ | 9,332 |  | $ | 1,630,618 |

(16)Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in the consolidated financial statements. The Company reports the change in pension benefit plan assets/liabilities, cumulative foreign currency translation and change in fair value of investments as components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”).
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED
The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount |  | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | $ | 639 |  | $ | (181) |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 683 |  | $ | (191) |  | $ | 492 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (3,016) |  | 489 |  | (2,527) |  |  | (1,389) |  | 264 |  | (1,125) |
Unrealized loss in fair value of investments | (3,188) |  | 678 |  | (2,510) |  |  | (581) |  | 133 |  | (448) |
Total other comprehensive loss | (5,565) |  | 986 |  | (4,579) |  |  | (1,287) |  | 206 |  | (1,081) |
Less: Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,525) |  | — |  | (1,525) |  |  | (447) |  | — |  | (447) |
Total other comprehensive loss attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | (4,040) |  | $ | 986 |  | $ | (3,054) |  |  | $ | (840) |  | $ | 206 |  | $ | (634) |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount |  | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | $ | 1,916 |  | $ | (543) |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 2,049 |  | $ | (574) |  | $ | 1,475 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (4,458) |  | 798 |  | (3,660) |  |  | (541) |  | 188 |  | (353) |
Unrealized loss in fair value of investments | (11,086) |  | 2,314 |  | (8,772) |  |  | (1,828) |  | 416 |  | (1,412) |
Total other comprehensive loss | (13,628) |  | 2,569 |  | (11,059) |  |  | (320) |  | 30 |  | (290) |
Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2,677) |  | — |  | (2,677) |  |  | 129 |  | — |  | 129 |
Total other comprehensive loss attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | (10,951) |  | $ | 2,569 |  | $ | (8,382) |  |  | $ | (449) |  | $ | 30 |  | $ | (419) |

The changes in AOCI balances by component (after tax) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation and attributable to noncontrolling interests during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair Value of Investments, Net | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation: |  |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | (36,951) |  | $ | (6,568) |  | $ | (5,444) |  | $ | (48,963) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | — |  | (1,238) |  | (2,337) |  | (3,575) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 458 |  | — |  | 63 |  | 521 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 458 |  | (1,238) |  | (2,274) |  | (3,054) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | (36,493) |  | $ | (7,806) |  | $ | (7,718) |  | $ | (52,017) |
Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests: |  |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | — |  | $ | 190 |  | $ | (800) |  | $ | (610) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | (1,289) |  | (236) |  | (1,525) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | — |  | $ | (1,099) |  | $ | (1,036) |  | $ | (2,135) |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair Value of Investments, Net | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation: |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | (37,866) |  | $ | (5,787) |  | $ | 18 |  | $ | (43,635) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | — |  | (2,019) |  | (7,832) |  | (9,851) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 1,373 |  | — |  | 96 |  | 1,469 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,373 |  | (2,019) |  | (7,736) |  | (8,382) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | (36,493) |  | $ | (7,806) |  | $ | (7,718) |  | $ | (52,017) |
Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests: |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | — |  | $ | 542 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 542 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | (1,641) |  | (1,036) |  | (2,677) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | — |  | $ | (1,099) |  | $ | (1,036) |  | $ | (2,135) |

The changes in AOCI balances by component (after tax) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation and attributable to noncontrolling interests during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair Value of Investments, Net | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation: |  |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | (43,104) |  | $ | (5,126) |  | $ | 1,704 |  | $ | (46,526) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | — |  | (678) |  | (391) |  | (1,069) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 492 |  | — |  | (57) |  | 435 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 492 |  | (678) |  | (448) |  | (634) |
Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | (42,612) |  | $ | (5,804) |  | $ | 1,256 |  | $ | (47,160) |
Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests: |  |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | — |  | $ | 978 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 978 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | (447) |  | — |  | (447) |
Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | — |  | $ | 531 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 531 |

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair Value of Investments, Net | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation: |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | (44,087) |  | $ | (5,322) |  | $ | 2,668 |  | $ | (46,741) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | — |  | (482) |  | (1,218) |  | (1,700) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 1,475 |  | — |  | (194) |  | 1,281 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,475 |  | (482) |  | (1,412) |  | (419) |
Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | (42,612) |  | $ | (5,804) |  | $ | 1,256 |  | $ | (47,160) |
Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests: |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | — |  | $ | 402 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 402 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  | 129 |  | — |  | 129 |
Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | — |  | $ | 531 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 531 |

The significant items reclassified out of AOCI and the corresponding location and impact on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Component of AOCI: |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments(a) | $ | 639 |  | $ | 683 |  |  | $ | 1,916 |  | $ | 2,049 |
Income tax benefit(b) | (181) |  | (191) |  |  | (543) |  | (574) |
Net of tax | $ | 458 |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  | $ | 1,475 |
Unrealized (gain) loss in fair value of investment adjustments(a) | $ | 79 |  | $ | (73) |  |  | $ | 121 |  | $ | (246) |
Income tax expense (benefit)(b) | (16) |  | 16 |  |  | (25) |  | 52 |
Net of tax | $ | 63 |  | $ | (57) |  |  | $ | 96 |  | $ | (194) |

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)Amount included in other income (expense) on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(b)Amounts included in income tax (expense) benefit on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(17)Business Segments
The Company offers general contracting, pre-construction planning and comprehensive project management services, including planning and scheduling of manpower, equipment, materials and subcontractors required for the timely completion of a project in accordance with the terms and specifications contained in a construction contract. The Company also offers self-performed construction services: site work, concrete forming and placement, steel erection, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning). As described below, the Company’s business is conducted through three segments: Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors. These segments are determined based on how the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (chief operating decision maker) aggregates business units when evaluating performance and allocating resources.
The Civil segment specializes in public works construction and the replacement and reconstruction of infrastructure. The contracting services provided by the Civil segment include construction and rehabilitation of highways, bridges, tunnels, mass-transit systems, military defense facilities, and water management and wastewater treatment facilities.
The Building segment has significant experience providing services for private and public works customers in a number of specialized building markets, including: hospitality and gaming, transportation, health care, commercial offices, government facilities, sports and entertainment, education, correctional facilities, biotech, pharmaceutical, industrial and technology.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED
The Specialty Contractors segment specializes in electrical, mechanical, plumbing, HVAC and fire protection systems for a full range of civil and building construction projects in the industrial, commercial, hospitality and gaming, and mass-transit end markets. This segment provides the Company with unique strengths and capabilities that allow the Company to position itself as a full-service contractor with greater control over scheduled work, project delivery, and cost and risk management.
To the extent that a contract is co-managed and co-executed among segments, the Company allocates the share of revenues and costs of the contract to each segment to reflect the shared responsibilities in the management and execution of the project.
The following tables set forth certain reportable segment information relating to the Company’s operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

| Reportable Segments |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 564,205 |  | $ | 341,614 |  | $ | 251,974 |  | $ | 1,157,793 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,157,793 |
Elimination of intersegment revenue | (63,300) |  | (23,564) |  | (3) |  | (86,867) |  |  | — |  |  | (86,867) |
Revenue from external customers | $ | 500,905 |  | $ | 318,050 |  | $ | 251,971 |  | $ | 1,070,926 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,070,926 |
Income (loss) from construction operations | $ | 22,786 |  | $ | 56 |  | $ | (11,836) |  | $ | 11,006 |  | (a) | $ | (17,898) |  | (b) | $ | (6,892) |
Capital expenditures | $ | 11,872 |  | $ | 921 |  | $ | 748 |  | $ | 13,541 |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 13,964 |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 12,166 |  | $ | 470 |  | $ | 529 |  | $ | 13,165 |  |  | $ | 2,368 |  |  | $ | 15,533 |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 624,549 |  | $ | 395,013 |  | $ | 271,316 |  | $ | 1,290,878 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,290,878 |
Elimination of intersegment revenue | (78,331) |  | (34,072) |  | (253) |  | (112,656) |  |  | — |  |  | (112,656) |
Revenue from external customers | $ | 546,218 |  | $ | 360,941 |  | $ | 271,063 |  | $ | 1,178,222 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,178,222 |
Income (loss) from construction operations | $ | 62,555 |  | $ | 10,786 |  | $ | (5,470) |  | $ | 67,871 |  |  | $ | (15,778) |  | (b) | $ | 52,093 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 7,847 |  | $ | 87 |  | $ | 134 |  | $ | 8,068 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 8,302 |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 26,234 |  | $ | 416 |  | $ | 777 |  | $ | 27,427 |  |  | $ | 2,634 |  |  | $ | 30,061 |

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s income (loss) from construction operations was adversely impacted by a $14.3 million ($10.2 million, or $0.20 per diluted share, after tax) unfavorable adjustment on a completed Civil segment highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a p reviously favorable lower-court ruling.
(b)Consists primarily of corporate general and administrative expenses.
(c)Depreciation and amortization is included in income (loss) from construction operations.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED

| Reportable Segments |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Civil | Building | Specialty Contractors | Total |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 1,478,162 |  | $ | 960,148 |  | $ | 673,302 |  | $ | 3,111,612 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,111,612 |
Elimination of intersegment revenue | (182,840) |  | (44,509) |  | (156) |  | (227,505) |  |  | — |  |  | (227,505) |
Revenue from external customers | $ | 1,295,322 |  | $ | 915,639 |  | $ | 673,146 |  | $ | 2,884,107 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,884,107 |
Income (loss) from construction operations | $ | 12,052 |  | $ | 9,453 |  | $ | (82,461) |  | $ | (60,956) |  | (a) | $ | (46,397) |  | (b) | $ | (107,353) |
Capital expenditures | $ | 38,703 |  | $ | 973 |  | $ | 2,202 |  | $ | 41,878 |  |  | $ | 931 |  |  | $ | 42,809 |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 44,191 |  | $ | 1,261 |  | $ | 1,539 |  | $ | 46,991 |  |  | $ | 7,063 |  |  | $ | 54,054 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 1,850,748 |  | $ | 1,267,984 |  | $ | 877,634 |  | $ | 3,996,366 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,996,366 |
Elimination of intersegment revenue | (273,603) |  | (117,150) |  | (553) |  | (391,306) |  |  | — |  |  | (391,306) |
Revenue from external customers | $ | 1,577,145 |  | $ | 1,150,834 |  | $ | 877,081 |  | $ | 3,605,060 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,605,060 |
Income (loss) from construction operations | $ | 187,733 |  | $ | 19,514 |  | $ | 5,814 |  | $ | 213,061 |  | (d) | $ | (42,511) |  | (b) | $ | 170,550 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 26,027 |  | $ | 211 |  | $ | 298 |  | $ | 26,536 |  |  | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 27,162 |
Depreciation and amortization(c) | $ | 80,125 |  | $ | 1,272 |  | $ | 2,628 |  | $ | 84,025 |  |  | $ | 8,171 |  |  | $ | 92,196 |

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s income (loss) from construction operations was adversely impacted by $36.0 million ($26.0 million, or $0.51 per diluted share, after tax) due to unfavorable adjustments related to the unforeseen cost of project close-out issues, remediation work, extended project supervision and associated labor inefficiencies on the electrical component of a transportation project in the Northeast in the Specialty Contractors segment, and $34.6 million ($27.3 million, or $0.53 per diluted share, after tax) for a Civil segment mass-transit project in California, which resulted from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders that increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage. The Company’s income (loss) from construction operations was also impacted by a non-cash charge of $25.5 million ($18.3 million, or $0.36 per diluted share, after tax) due to an adverse legal ruling on a dispute related to a completed Civil segment bridge project in New York, an $18.0 million ($13.9 million, or $0.27 per diluted share, after tax) unfavorable adjustment split evenly between the Civil and Building segments due to changes in estimates on the same transportation project in the Northeast mentioned above, a non-cash charge of $17.8 million ($12.8 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, after tax) that increased cost of operations associated with the partial reversal by an appellate court of previously awarded legal damages related to a completed electrical project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment, a $16.2 million ($11.6 million, or $0.23 per diluted share, after tax) unfavorable non-cash impact related to the settlement of a long-disputed, completed Civil segment project in Maryland, a $14.3 million ($10.2 million, or $0.20 per diluted share, after tax) unfavorable adjustment on a completed Civil segment highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling, and $13.1 million ($9.4 million, or $0.18 per diluted share, after tax) of unfavorable adjustments on a Civil segment mass-transit project in California.
(b)Consists primarily of corporate general and administrative expenses.
(c)Depreciation and amortization is included in income (loss) from construction operations.
(d)During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a reduction of $20.1 million in cost of operations ($14.6 million, or $0.28 per diluted share, after tax) due to a favorable trial court ruling awarding the Company the recovery of certain costs previously incurred on a completed electrical project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment. The Company also recognized $18.1 million of additional revenue ($13.0 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, after tax) as a result of favorable adjustments on a Civil segment mass-transit project in California reflecting improved profitability due to the mitigation of certain risks as the project progresses toward completion. The Company’s income from construction operations was also negatively impacted by $14.5 million ($10.5 million, or $0.21 per diluted share, after-tax) due to changes in estimates on an electrical project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment that included unfavorable adjustments and the negative impact to the period associated with increases to project forecasts due to growth in unapproved change orders (expected to be negotiated in future periods).
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TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
UNAUDITED
A reconciliation of segment results to the consolidated income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Income (loss) from construction operations | $ | (6,892) |  | $ | 52,093 |  |  | $ | (107,353) |  | $ | 170,550 |
Other income (expense) | 397 |  | (464) |  |  | 5,114 |  | 1,142 |
Interest expense | (17,015) |  | (16,694) |  |  | (49,711) |  | (52,442) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | (23,510) |  | $ | 34,935 |  |  | $ | (151,950) |  | $ | 119,250 |

Total assets by segment were as follows:

(in thousands) | As of September 30, 2022 | As of December 31, 2021
Civil | $ | 3,467,173 |  | $ | 3,310,648 |
Building | 976,400 |  | 980,989 |
Specialty Contractors | 607,424 |  | 631,710 |
Corporate and other(a) | (290,023) |  | (198,449) |
Total assets | $ | 4,760,974 |  | $ | 4,724,898 |

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)Consists principally of cash, equipment, tax-related assets and insurance-related assets, offset by the elimination of assets related to intersegment revenue.
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TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discusses our financial position as of September 30, 2022 and the results of our operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and should be read in conjunction with other information, including the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Information, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the information contained under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in Part II, Item 1A below.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, including the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provision for forward-looking statements provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Words such as “achieve,” “anticipate,” “assumes,” “believes,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expects,” “forecast,” “hope,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Although such statements are based on currently available financial and economic data, as well as management’s estimates and expectations, forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from what may be inferred from the forward-looking statements. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Factors potentially contributing to such differences include, among others:
•Revisions of estimates of contract risks, revenue or costs; economic factors such as inflation or a recession; the timing of new awards; or the pace of project execution, which has resulted and may continue to result in losses or lower than anticipated profit;
•Unfavorable outcomes of existing or future litigation or dispute resolution proceedings against us or customers (project owners, developers, general contractors, etc.), subcontractors or suppliers, as well as failure to promptly recover significant working capital invested in projects subject to such matters;
•A significant slowdown or decline in economic conditions;
•Increased competition and failure to secure new contracts;
•Contract requirements to perform extra work beyond the initial project scope, which has and in the future could result in disputes or claims and adversely affect our working capital, profits and cash flows;
•Risks and other uncertainties associated with assumptions and estimates used to prepare our financial statements;
•Failure to meet contractual schedule requirements, which could result in higher costs and reduced profits or, in some cases, exposure to financial liability for liquidated damages and/or damages to customers, as well as damage to our reputation;
•Inability to attract and retain our key officers, and to adequately plan for their succession, and hire and retain personnel required to execute and perform on our contracts;
•Risks related to our international operations, such as uncertainty of U.S. Government funding, as well as economic, political, regulatory and other risks, including risks of loss due to acts of war, civil unrest, security issues, labor conditions, corruption and other unforeseeable events in countries where we do business, resulting in unanticipated losses;
•Possible systems and information technology interruptions and breaches in data security and/or privacy;
•Client cancellations of, or reductions in scope under, contracts reported in our backlog;
•Securities litigation and/or shareholder activism;
•Failure of our joint venture partners to perform their venture obligations, which could impose additional financial and performance obligations on us, resulting in reduced profits or losses and/or reputational harm;
•Downgrades in our credit ratings;
•The impact of inclement weather conditions on projects;
•Decreases in the level of government spending for infrastructure and other public projects;
•Risks related to government contracts and related procurement regulations;
•Failure to meet our obligations under our debt agreements;
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•The COVID-19 pandemic, which has adversely impacted, and could continue to adversely impact, our business, financial condition and results of operations by, among other things, delaying the timing of project bids and/or awards and the timing of dispute resolutions and associated collections;
•Violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws;
•Adverse health events, such as an epidemic or another pandemic;
•Physical and regulatory risks related to climate change;
•Impairment of our goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets; and
•The exertion of influence over the Company by our chairman and chief executive officer due to his position and significant ownership interest.
Executive Overview
COVID-19 Update
Since its onset in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused occasional temporary shortages in available manpower, reductions in field labor productivity, other inefficiencies, delays to project schedules and deferrals of project execution. As a result, we continue to incur incremental costs, much of which we are seeking to recover from our customers as allowed by contractual terms. The relief sought from customers, together with certain incremental project opportunities that resulted from the pandemic, has helped to mitigate the pandemic's negative impact on our financial results. In addition, we have experienced delays in certain legal proceedings, as various courts and arbitrators process a large backlog of cases that were impacted by the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic previously hindered the Company’s ability to resolve unapproved work, which has resulted in the need for the Company to temporarily fund certain project costs that historically would have been promptly negotiated, billed to and collected from customers. These delays in resolving and recovering on such claims have adversely affected our liquidity and financial results since the onset of the pandemic. However, a backlog of accumulated court and arbitration proceedings that grew because the court systems were unable to function normally during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 has begun to recede, with certain disputes having been resolved in the first nine months of 2022 and other settlement conferences and trial dates now scheduled or being scheduled. We expect to make continued progress in the resolution of certain other disputes and unapproved change orders during the remainder of 2022 and in 2023.
Since early 2020, the pandemic also adversely affected the volume and timing of our new awards, which has negatively impacted our backlog and operating results. The negative impact on operating results due to the reduced volume and delays in new awards that we experienced during the first nine months of 2022 is expected to continue due to previously limited bidding and proposal opportunities, as well as the relatively lower volume of new awards in 2020 and much of 2021. In addition, many of our state and local government customers’ revenue sources have been negatively impacted by the pandemic due to a reduction of commuter and business travel. The significant revenue reductions experienced by some of our customers have adversely impacted their ability to pay the Company on a timely basis for amounts due, although these impacts have begun to moderate. The potential for continued or new pandemic-related delays in project bids and awards could result in lower-than-expected revenue and earnings until substantial funding from the recently enacted Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law) is distributed to our existing and potential customers.
Due to the continued fluidity of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainties as to its scope and duration, and ongoing changes in the way that governments, businesses and individuals respond to the pandemic, the Company is unable at this time to accurately predict the pandemic’s future impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
Operating Results
Consolidated revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.1 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, compared to $1.2 billion and $3.6 billion for the same periods in 2021. The decrease for both periods was primarily due to reduced project execution activities on various projects in all three segments, most of which are completed or nearing completion. The decrease was partially offset by increased activities on certain newer Civil and Building segment projects in California and the Midwest. The decrease for the third quarter of 2022 was also driven by reduced project execution activities on a Building segment project in Arkansas that is substantially complete. The revenue decline for both periods was also the result of the follow-on impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which delayed bidding activities and awards of certain new projects during 2020 and much of 2021. In addition, the decrease in revenue for the nine-month period of 2022 was due to the impact of unfavorable adjustments related to the unforeseen cost of project close-out issues, remediation work, extended project supervision and associated labor inefficiencies on the electrical component of a transportation project in the Northeast in the Specialty Contractors segment, as well as the temporary unfavorable impact from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders on a Civil segment mass-transit project in California. These approved change orders increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage. This temporary reduction to earnings is expected to reverse itself over the remaining life of the project. For the
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nine-month period of 2022, the decrease was also attributable to the impact of an adverse legal ruling on a dispute related to a completed Civil segment bridge project in New York, an unfavorable non-cash impact related to the settlement of a long-disputed, completed Civil segment project in Maryland, and unfavorable adjustments on a Civil segment mass-transit project in California.
Loss from construction operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $6.9 million and $107.4 million, respectively, compared to income from construction operations of $52.1 million and $170.6 million for the same periods in 2021. For the third quarter of 2022, the decrease was largely due to reduced project execution activities on a transportation project in the Northeast that is nearing completion, which impacted all three segments, as well as an unfavorable adjustment of $14.3 million on a completed Civil segment highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling. The decrease in the third quarter was also the result of an unfavorable adjustment on a Building segment hospitality project in Florida from an adverse legal ruling, the absence of a prior-year favorable adjustment on a mass-transit project in California and an unfavorable adjustment on a mass-transit project in the Northeast, all of which were individually immaterial but totaled $32.1 million in the aggregate.
For the nine-month period of 2022, the decrease was largely due to the $36.0 million impact from unfavorable adjustments related to the unforeseen cost of project close-out issues, remediation work, extended project supervision and associated labor inefficiencies on the aforementioned transportation project in the Northeast in the Specialty Contractors segment, the temporary unfavorable impact of $34.6 million from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders on the Civil segment mass-transit project mentioned above, a $25.5 million non-cash charge related to the above-mentioned adverse legal ruling on a completed Civil segment bridge project in New York, a non-cash charge of $17.8 million associated with the partial reversal by an appellate court of previously awarded legal damages related to a completed electrical project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment, the $16.2 million unfavorable non-cash impact related to the settlement of a long-disputed, completed Civil segment project in Maryland, the $14.3 million unfavorable adjustment on a completed Civil segment highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling, and $13.1 million of unfavorable adjustments related to a Civil segment mass-transit project in California. Other factors related to the prior-year period that contributed to the decrease included the absence of a $20.1 million prior-year favorable adjustment related to the same completed electrical project in New York mentioned above that resulted from damages awarded by the trial court’s ruling and the absence of an $18.1 million prior-year favorable adjustment on a Civil segment mass-transit project in California, offset by the negative prior-year impact of $14.5 million from changes in estimates on an electrical project in New York in the Specialty Contractors segment.
The effective tax rate was (2.4)% and 31.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 24.9% and 22.0% for the comparable periods in 2021. See Corporate, Tax and Other Matters below for a discussion of the change in the effective tax rate.
Loss per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.63 and $2.28, respectively, compared to diluted earnings per common share of $0.30 and $1.22 for the same periods in 2021. The decline for both periods was primarily due to the factors discussed above that caused the changes in income (loss) from construction operations.
Consolidated new awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $0.9 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, compared to $2.1 billion and $3.7 billion for the same periods in 2021. The Building segment was the primary contributor to the new award activity in the third quarter of 2022. The most significant new awards and contract adjustments in the third quarter of 2022 included $142 million of additional funding for two educational facility projects in California; a $126 million military facilities project in Puerto Rico; $56 million of additional funding for a mass-transit project in the Midwest; a $48 million mining project in Virginia; and a $32 million hospitality project in California. The Company recently announced two significant new projects that have contract awards pending over the next three to six months with a combined value that could exceed $4.5 billion.
Consolidated backlog as of September 30, 2022 was $8.4 billion, up slightly compared to $8.2 billion as of December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the mix of backlog by segment was approximately 56% for Civil, 28% for Building and 16% for Specialty Contractors.
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The following table presents the Company’s backlog by business segment, reflecting changes from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022:

(in millions) | Backlog at December 31, 2021 | New Awards(a) | Revenue Recognized | Backlog at September 30, 2022(b)
Civil | $ | 4,553.5 |  | $ | 1,392.6 |  | $ | (1,295.3) |  | $ | 4,650.8 |
Building | 2,308.9 |  | 947.8 |  | (915.6) |  | 2,341.1 |
Specialty Contractors | 1,373.2 |  | 658.4 |  | (673.2) |  | 1,358.4 |
Total | $ | 8,235.6 |  | $ | 2,998.8 |  | $ | (2,884.1) |  | $ | 8,350.3 |

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(a)New awards consist of the original contract price of projects added to backlog plus or minus subsequent changes to the estimated total contract price of existing contracts.
(b)Backlog may differ from the transaction prices allocated to the remaining performance obligations as disclosed in Note 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Such differences relate to the timing of executing a formal contract or receiving a notice to proceed. More specifically, backlog sometimes may include awards for which a contract has not yet been executed or a notice to proceed has not been issued, but for which there are no remaining major uncertainties that the project will proceed (e.g., adequate funding is in place).
The outlook for the Company’s growth over the next several years remains favorable, but it could be negatively impacted by future project delays or the timing of project bids, awards, commencements, ramp-up activities and completions, as well as by any adverse follow-on consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We anticipate that we will continue to win our share of significant new awards resulting from long-term capital spending plans by state, local and federal customers, as well as limited competition for some of the largest project opportunities.
In elections over the past several years, voters in numerous states approved dozens of long-term transportation funding measures totaling approximately $200 billion in long-term funding. The largest of these was in Los Angeles County, where Measure M, a half-cent sales tax increase, was approved and is expected to generate $120 billion of funding over 40 years. In addition, California's Senate Bill 1, which was signed into law in 2017, is providing an average of $5.4 billion annually through 2027 for various transportation, mass-transit and bridge projects. Interest rates have continued to rise, as anticipated, but are still at levels which we believe remain conducive to continued spending on various types of infrastructure projects. However, if borrowing rates continue to increase significantly, they could reach levels that may begin to negatively impact infrastructure demand, although this is more likely to impact Building segment projects, as those projects tend to be more directly correlated to economic conditions.
The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law was enacted into law on November 15, 2021, and it provides for $1.2 trillion of federal infrastructure funding, including $550 billion in new spending for improvements to the country’s surface-transportation network and enhancements to core infrastructure. The law marks the largest federal investment in public transit ever, the single largest dedicated bridge investment since the construction of the interstate highway system and the largest federal investment in passenger rail since the creation of Amtrak, all in addition to providing for regular annual spending for numerous infrastructure projects. This significant incremental funding is anticipated to be spent over the next 10 years, and much of it is allocated for investment in end markets that are directly aligned with the Company’s market focus. Accordingly, the Company believes that this significant level of sustained, incremental funding will favorably impact the Company’s current work and prospective opportunities over the next decade, as some initial funds have begun flowing to project owners, and substantially increased funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law is expected to occur over the next several years.
The Company had certain large Civil segment projects in the Northeast that were completed or were nearing completion in 2021. The Company is pursuing several large prospective projects in various locations, including the Northeast, the West Coast and Guam, which are expected to be bid and/or awarded in 2022 and 2023. However, the timing and magnitude of revenue contributions from these prospective projects may not fully offset revenue reductions associated with the projects that have been completed or are nearing completion.
For a more detailed discussion of operating performance of each business segment, corporate general and administrative expenses and other items, see Results of Segment Operations, Corporate, Tax and Other Matters and Liquidity and Capital Resources below.
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Results of Segment Operations
The results of our Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments are discussed below.
Civil Segment
Revenue and income from construction operations for the Civil segment are summarized as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Revenue | $ | 500.9 |  | $ | 546.2 |  |  | $ | 1,295.3 |  | $ | 1,577.2 |
Income from construction operations | 22.8 |  | 62.6 |  |  | 12.1 |  | 187.7 |

Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased 8% and 18%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. The decrease for the three-month period of 2022 was primarily due to reduced project execution activities on a transportation project in the Northeast and a bridge project in the Midwest, each of which are substantially complete. The decrease for the nine-month period of 2022 was primarily due to reduced project execution activities on certain mass-transit, transportation and bridge projects in California, the Northeast and the Midwest, respectively, most of which are completed or nearing completion, partially offset by increased activities on certain projects in the Midwest and California. The revenue decline for both periods was also the result of the follow-on impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which delayed bidding activities and awards of certain new projects during 2020 and much of 2021. In addition, the decrease for the nine-month period of 2022 was impacted by the temporary unfavorable impact from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders on a mass-transit project in California. These approved change orders increased the project’s overall estimated profit but reduced the project’s percentage of completion and overall margin percentage. This temporary reduction to earnings is expected to reverse itself over the remaining life of the project. For the nine-month period of 2022, the decrease was also attributable to the impact of the adverse legal ruling on a dispute related to a bridge project in New York, the unfavorable non-cash impact related to the aforementioned settlement of a long-disputed, completed project in Maryland, and the unfavorable adjustments related to a mass-transit project in California, as discussed above in the section titled Executive Overview.
Income from construction operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $22.8 million and $12.1 million, respectively, compared to $62.6 million and $187.7 million for the same periods in 2021. Both periods were impacted by the reduced volume discussed above. The decrease for the three-month period of 2022 was primarily due to a $14.3 million unfavorable adjustment on a completed highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling, and, to a lesser extent, the absence of a prior-year favorable adjustment on a mass-transit project in California and an unfavorable adjustment on a mass-transit project in the Northeast, each of which were individually immaterial but totaled $20.8 million in the aggregate. For the nine-month period of 2022, the decrease was due to lower profitability associated with the temporary unfavorable impact of $34.6 million from the successful negotiation of significant lower margin (and lower risk) change orders on a mass-transit project mentioned above. This temporary reduction to earnings is expected to reverse itself over the remaining life of the project. The decrease for the nine-month period of 2022 was also due to a $25.5 million non-cash charge from the adverse legal ruling on a dispute related to a completed bridge project in New York, the absence of prior-year favorable adjustments of $18.1 million on the mass-transit project in California mentioned above, the $16.2 million unfavorable non-cash impact related to the settlement of a long-disputed, completed project in Maryland, the above-mentioned $14.3 million unfavorable adjustment on a completed highway project in the Northeast due to the reversal on appeal of a previously favorable lower-court ruling, and $13.1 million of unfavorable adjustments related to a mass-transit project in California, partially offset by individually immaterial favorable impacts, including a project close-out adjustment on a bridge project in the Midwest.
Operating margin was 4.5% and 0.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 11.5% and 11.9% for the same periods in 2021. The operating margin decreases were due to the above-mentioned factors that drove the changes in revenue and income from construction operations.
New awards in the Civil segment totaled $225 million and $1.4 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $732 million and $1.3 billion for the same periods in 2021. The most significant new awards and contract adjustments in the third quarter of 2022 included $56 million of additional funding for a mass-transit project in the Midwest and a $48 million mining project in Virginia. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant revenue shortfalls for many state and local government agencies since 2020, and it could continue to cause deferrals or cancellations of certain new projects, depending on the allocation and prioritization of state and local funding, as well as the availability, timing and magnitude of funding from the federal government, including anticipated funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.
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However, as mentioned above, the Company recently announced two significant new projects that have contract awards pending over the next three to six months with a combined value that could exceed $4.5 billion.
Backlog for the Civil segment was $4.7 billion as of September 30, 2022 compared to $4.5 billion as of September 30, 2021, with the increase primarily due to certain large new awards and contract adjustments booked in the first half of 2022. The segment continues to experience strong demand reflected in a large, multi-year pipeline of prospective projects, supported by substantial anticipated funding from various voter-approved transportation measures and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and by public agencies’ long-term spending plans. The Civil segment is well-positioned to capture its share of these prospective projects, but the timing of new awards remains uncertain.
Building Segment
Revenue and income from construction operations for the Building segment are summarized as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Revenue | $ | 318.0 |  | $ | 360.9 |  |  | $ | 915.6 |  | $ | 1,150.8 |
Income from construction operations | 0.1 |  | 10.8 |  |  | 9.5 |  | 19.5 |

Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased 12% and 20%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021, primarily due to reduced project execution activities on various projects in California, Oklahoma and the Northeast that are complete or substantially complete, partially offset by contributions from certain newer projects in California. For the three-month period, the decrease was also partially due to reduced project execution activities on a hospitality and gaming project in Arkansas. Revenue for both periods was further reduced by the follow-on impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which delayed certain project bids and awards.
Income from construction operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.1 million and $9.5 million, respectively, compared to $10.8 million and $19.5 million for the same periods in 2021. The decrease for both periods was primarily due to reduced project execution activities on a transportation project in the Northeast that is nearing completion and an unfavorable adjustment on a hospitality project in Florida that resulted from an adverse legal ruling, the impacts of which were individually immaterial. The decrease was partially offset by contributions from a newer mass-transit project in California.
Operating margin was 0.0% and 1.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 3.0% and 1.7% for the same periods in 2021. The operating margin decreases were principally due to the aforementioned factors that drove the reductions in revenue and income from construction operations.
New awards in the Building segment totaled $416 million and $948 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $1.1 billion and $1.9 billion for the same periods in 2021. The most significant new awards in the third quarter of 2022 included $142 million of additional funding for two educational facilities in California; a $126 million military facility in Puerto Rico; and a $32 million hospitality project in California.
Backlog for the Building segment was $2.3 billion as of September 30, 2022 compared to $2.4 billion as of September 30, 2021. The Building segment continues to have a large volume of prospective projects across various end markets and geographic locations. We expect demand to continue as economic conditions remain conducive to customer spending on new building facilities and renovations to existing buildings. However, higher interest rates and the effects of higher inflation, as well as any adverse follow-on effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in reduced demand for our building construction services.
Specialty Contractors Segment
Revenue and income (loss) from construction operations for the Specialty Contractors segment are summarized as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Revenue | $ | 252.0 |  | $ | 271.1 |  |  | $ | 673.2 |  | $ | 877.1 |
Income (loss) from construction operations | (11.8) |  | (5.5) |  |  | (82.5) |  | 5.8 |

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Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased 7% and 23%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. The decrease for the three-month period of 2022 was principally due to reduced project execution activities on the electrical component of a transportation project in the Northeast that is nearing completion. The decrease for the nine-month period of 2022 was also impacted by the same transportation project nearing completion and reduced project execution activities on various electrical and mechanical projects in the Northeast and California that are completed or nearing completion, as well as the impact of an unfavorable adjustment on the aforementioned transportation project in the Northeast, as discussed above in the section titled Executive Overview. Revenue for both periods was also reduced by the follow-on impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which delayed certain project bids and awards.
Loss from construction operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $11.8 million and $82.5 million, respectively, compared to loss from construction operations of $5.5 million and income from construction operations of $5.8 million for the same periods in 2021. The decrease for the three-month period of 2022 was largely due to the impact associated with reduced project execution activities and lower profitability on a transportation project in the Northeast that is nearing completion. The decrease for the nine-month period of 2022 was largely due to the $36.0 million impact of unfavorable adjustments on the aforementioned transportation project in the Northeast related to the unforeseen cost of project close-out issues, remediation work, extended project supervision and associated labor inefficiencies, as well as a non-cash charge of $17.8 million that increased cost of operations associated with the partial reversal by an appellate court of previously awarded legal damages related to a completed electrical project in New York. The decrease for the nine-month period of 2022 was also due to the absence of a $20.1 million prior-year favorable adjustment that resulted from damages awarded by the trial court’s ruling on the same completed electrical project in New York, partially offset by the negative prior-year impact of $14.5 million from changes in estimates on an electrical project in New York.
Operating margin was (4.7)% and (12.2)% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to (2.0)% and 0.7% for the same periods in 2021. The operating margin decreases were principally due to the aforementioned factors that drove the reductions in revenue and income (loss) from construction operations.
New awards in the Specialty Contractors segment totaled $244 million and $658 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $191 million and $486 million for the same periods in 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and could continue to result in, reduced demand from certain commercial and government customers that have been experiencing funding constraints.
Backlog for the Specialty Contractors segment was $1.4 billion as of September 30, 2022 compared to $1.5 billion as of September 30, 2021. The Specialty Contractors segment continues to be increasingly focused on servicing the Company’s backlog of large Civil and Building segment projects, particularly in the Northeast and California. In addition, the segment remains well-positioned to capture its share of new projects for external customers, leveraging the size and scale of our business units that operate in New York, Texas, Florida and California and the strong reputation held by these business units for high-quality work on large, complex projects.
Corporate, Tax and Other Matters
Corporate General and Administrative Expenses
Corporate general and administrative expenses were $16.6 million and $45.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $15.8 million and $42.5 million for the same periods in 2021.
Other Income (Expense), Interest Expense and Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2022 | 2021 |  | 2022 | 2021
Other income (expense) | $ | 0.4 |  | $ | (0.5) |  |  | $ | 5.1 |  | $ | 1.1 |
Interest expense | (17.0) |  | (16.7) |  |  | (49.7) |  | (52.4) |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (0.6) |  | (8.7) |  |  | 47.0 |  | (26.3) |

Other income (expense) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased by $4.0 million compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to interest earned on federal income tax receivable balances.
Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by $2.7 million compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was substantially due to the absence of the interest expense
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and amortization of discount and debt issuance costs on convertible notes that were repaid in June 2021, as well as a lower average outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility during 2022, partially offset by higher interest rates.
The effective income tax rate was (2.4)% and 31.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to 24.9% and 22.0% for the same periods in 2021. The Company recognized income tax expense based on a pre-tax loss for the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily as a result of a change during the quarter of forecasted pre-tax earnings for 2022, the cumulative impact of which offset the tax benefits generated during the quarter. The effective income tax rates for the 2022 periods reflect pre-tax losses incurred in both 2022 periods and projected for the full year. In periods reporting pre-tax losses, tax benefits generated during the period increase the effective income tax rate. The tax benefits in the 2022 periods that increased the tax rates compared to the 2021 periods were primarily state income taxes (net of federal benefits) and the earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests (for which income taxes are not the responsibility of the Company). For a further discussion of income taxes, refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is provided by available cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations, credit facilities and access to capital markets. We have a committed line of credit totaling $175 million, which may be used for revolving loans, letters of credit and/or general purposes. We believe that cash generated from operations, along with our unused credit capacity of $175 million and available cash balances as of September 30, 2022, will be sufficient to fund any working capital needs and debt maturities for the next 12 months and beyond, provided that we are not adversely impacted by unanticipated future events, including further impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed above in Executive Overview - COVID-19 Update. Despite our record operating cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (as discussed below in Cash and Working Capital), liquidity has been, and could continue to be, adversely impacted by our inability to collect cash due to the follow-on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which have constrained certain customers’ funding sources and delayed their ability to make payments on approved contract work. In addition, as discussed above in Executive Overview - COVID-19 Update, the COVID-19 pandemic delayed court and arbitration schedules and also hindered the Company’s ability to resolve certain unapproved work. We believe that future funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and increasing revenue to government customers as travel and commuting levels rise, as discussed above, could offset or mitigate future negative impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, though it remains difficult to predict any of these factors. Furthermore, the backlog of accumulated court and arbitration proceedings that grew as a result of the pandemic during 2020 and 2021 has begun to recede, with certain disputes having been resolved in the first nine months of 2022 and other settlement conferences and trial dates now scheduled or being scheduled. In addition, certain disputes and related collection delays were resolved during the latter part of 2021 and the first nine months of 2022. We experienced substantially improved operating cash flows in the first nine months of 2022, and also anticipate improved operating cash generation for the remainder of 2022 compared to 2021, based on projected cash collections, both from project execution activities and the resolution of additional outstanding claims and unapproved change orders.
Cash and Working Capital
Cash and cash equivalents were $323.2 million as of September 30, 2022 compared to $202.2 million as of December 31, 2021. Cash immediately available for general corporate purposes was $110.7 million and $60.2 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, with the remainder being amounts held by our consolidated joint ventures and also our proportionate share of cash held by our unconsolidated joint ventures. Cash held by our joint ventures was available only for joint venture-related uses, including distributions to joint venture partners. In addition, our restricted cash and restricted investments totaled $101.4 million as of September 30, 2022 compared to $93.6 million as of December 31, 2021. Restricted cash and restricted investments at September 30, 2022 were held to secure insurance-related contingent obligations.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, net cash provided by operating activities was $251.3 million, an increase of $403.9 million compared to the same period in 2021. The operating cash flow for the first nine months of 2022 was the largest result for the first nine months of any year since the merger between Tutor-Saliba Corporation and Perini Corporation in 2008. The operating cash flow for the first nine months of 2022 is already larger than any full-year result since that same time. In addition, the operating cash flow of $72.6 million for the third quarter of 2022 was an increase of $93.9 million compared to the operating cash usage of $21.3 million in the third quarter of 2021. The increase for the nine months of 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in investments in project working capital partially offset by cash utilized by earnings sources. The decrease in investments in project working capital was primarily due to improved collection activity, as reflected by an increase in billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings (“BIE”) and a decrease in accounts receivable. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used in operating activities was $152.6 million, due primarily to investments in project working capital partially offset by cash generated from earnings sources. The increase in working capital for the first nine months of 2021 primarily reflects an increase in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings (“CIE”) and a decrease in accounts
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payable due to timing of payments to suppliers and subcontractors. The increase in CIE was primarily due to the follow-on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had caused delays in the negotiation and resolution of certain claims and unapproved change orders (due to the postponement or deferrals of certain legal and arbitration proceedings and settlement discussions), and constrained customers’ revenue and funding sources, thereby limiting their budgetary discretion to pay the Company for changes approved in scope but for which pricing was pending.
As noted above, cash flow from operating activities increased $403.9 million when comparing the first nine months of 2022 with the same period in 2021. As discussed above, the significant increase was primarily driven by improved collection activity, including collections associated with the continued resolution of certain claims and unapproved change orders that previously required the use of cash. The increase in cash flow from operating activities was also due to an increase in accounts payable compared to a decrease in the prior year due to timing of payments to vendors and subcontractors. Despite the increase in accounts payable in the first nine months of 2022, the balance as of September 30, 2022 was $66.4 million lower compared to the balance as of September 30, 2021.
Net cash used in investing activities during the first nine months of 2022 was $38.9 million primarily due to the acquisition of property and equipment for projects totaling $42.8 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property and equipment of $6.7 million. Net cash used in investing activities during the first nine months of 2021 was $31.0 million primarily due to the acquisition of property and equipment for projects totaling $27.2 million, as well as net cash used in investment transactions of $9.1 million.
Net cash used in financing activities was $78.8 million for the first nine months of 2022, which was primarily driven by a $34.8 million net repayment of debt and $42.5 million of net distributions to noncontrolling interests. Net cash used in financing activities was $73.8 million for the first nine months of 2021, which was primarily driven by a $61.9 million net repayment of debt, including the repayment of the remaining principal balance of the Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 8 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), and $10.3 million of net distributions to noncontrolling interests.
At September 30, 2022, we had working capital of $1.9 billion, a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 1.91 and a ratio of debt to equity of 0.63, compared to working capital of $2.1 billion, a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of 2.17 and a ratio of debt to equity of 0.59 at December 31, 2021.
Debt
2020 Credit Agreement
On August 18, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “2020 Credit Agreement”) with BMO Harris Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer and other lenders. The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $425.0 million term loan B facility (the “Term Loan B”) and a $175.0 million revolving credit facility (the “2020 Revolver”), with sublimits for the issuance of letters of credit and swing line loans up to the aggregate amounts of $75.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively. The Term Loan B will mature on August 18, 2027 and the 2020 Revolver will mature on August 18, 2025, in each case, unless any of the 2017 Senior Notes are outstanding on January 30, 2025 (which is 91 days prior to the maturity of the 2017 Senior Notes), in which case, both the Term Loan B and the 2020 Revolver will mature on January 30, 2025 (subject to certain further exceptions). For more information regarding the terms of our 2020 Credit Agreement, refer to Note 8 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The table below presents our actual and required consolidated first lien net leverage ratio under the 2020 Credit Agreement for the period, which is calculated on a rolling four-quarter basis:

| Trailing Four Fiscal Quarters Ended
| September 30, 2022
| Actual | Required
First lien net leverage ratio | 2.10 to 1.00 | ≤ 2.75 : 1.00

As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance and expect to continue to be in compliance with the covenants under the 2020 Credit Agreement. On October 31, 2022, the 2020 Credit Agreement was amended to set the maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio covenant level to 2.75:1.00 (previously set at 2.25:1.00), effective the quarter ending September 30, 2022, and subsequently stepping back down to 2.25:1.00 beginning the quarter ending June 30, 2023.
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Contractual Obligations
There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Our critical accounting estimates are also identified and discussed in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
There were no new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and through the date of filing of this report that had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There has been no material change in our exposure to market risk from that described in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined by Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (a) were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of our business, we are involved in various legal proceedings. We disclose information about certain pending legal proceedings pursuant to SEC rules and as we otherwise determine to be appropriate. For information on such pending matters, see Part I, Item 3 of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021, updated by Note 10 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to our risk factors as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Section 1503 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) requires domestic mine operators to disclose violations and orders issued under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the “Mine Act”) by the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration. We do not act as the owner of any mines but we may act as a mining operator as defined under the Mine Act where we may be an independent contractor performing services or construction of such mine.
Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95.
Item 5. Other Information
On October 31, 2022, Tutor Perini Corporation amended its 2020 Credit Facility (“the Amendment”). The Amendment does not change the total commitments or the maturity under the 2020 Credit Facility. The Amendment modified certain provisions of the 2020 Credit Facility, including, among other things, setting the maximum First Lien Net Leverage Ratio at 2.75:1.00, effective the quarter ending September 30, 2022, and stepping down to 2.25:1.00 beginning the quarter ending June 30, 2023. Other usual and customary covenants for credit facilities of this type remained consistent with those of the 2020 Credit Facility (subject to certain definitional adjustments made in the Amendment). As of the effective date, the Amendment also changes the reference interest rate on the 2020 Revolver from LIBOR to SOFR.
The foregoing description of the Amendment does not constitute a complete summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amendment, a copy of which is filed herewith as Exhibit 10.2.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits | Description
10.1* | Letter Agreement, dated November 2, 2022, by and between Tutor Perini Corporation and James A. Frost.
10.2 | First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2022.
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
95 | Mine Safety Disclosure.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104 | The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Tutor Perini Corporation
Dated: November 2, 2022 | By: | /s/ Gary G. Smalley
| Gary G. Smalley
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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