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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) as codified in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). Certain amounts in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. (b) Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tutor Perini Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). The Company occasionally forms joint ventures with unrelated third parties for the execution of single contracts or projects. The Company assesses its joint ventures to determine if they meet the qualifications of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”). If a joint venture is a VIE and the Company is the primary beneficiary, the joint venture is fully consolidated (see Note 13). If a joint venture is not a VIE, it may be consolidated under the voting interest method if the Company holds a controlling financial interest in the joint venture. The Company is considered to hold a controlling financial interest when it is able to exercise control over the joint venture’s operating and financial decisions. For construction joint ventures that do not need to be consolidated, the Company accounts for its interest in the joint ventures using the proportionate consolidation method, whereby the Company’s proportionate share of the joint ventures’ assets, liabilities, revenue and cost of operations are included in the appropriate classifications in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. (c) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. These estimates are based on information available through the date of the issuance of the financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates. (d) Revenues Revenue Recognition The Company derives revenue from long-term construction contracts with public and private customers primarily in the United States and its territories and in certain other international locations. The Company’s construction contracts are generally each accounted for as a single unit of account (i.e., as a single performance obligation). Throughout the execution of construction contracts, the Company and its affiliated entities recognize revenue with the continuous transfer of control to the customer. The customer typically controls the asset under construction by either contractual termination clauses or by the Company’s rights to payment for work already performed on the asset under construction that does not have an alternative use for the Company. Because control transfers over time, revenue is recognized to the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligations. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services provided. The Company generally uses the cost-to-cost method for its contracts, which measures progress towards completion for each performance obligation based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion for the respective performance obligation. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Revenue, including estimated fees or profits, is recorded proportionately as costs are incurred. Cost of operations includes labor, materials, subcontractor costs, and other direct and indirect costs, including depreciation and amortization. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of the Company’s performance obligations, estimating total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. Assumptions as to the occurrence of future events and the likelihood and amount of variable consideration, including the impact of change orders, claims, contract disputes and the achievement of contractual performance criteria, and award or other incentive fees are made during the contract performance period. The Company estimates variable consideration at the most likely amount it expects to receive. The Company includes estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to management. Back charges to suppliers or subcontractors are recognized as a reduction of cost when it is determined that recovery of such cost is probable and the amounts can be reliably estimated. Disputed back charges are recognized when the same requirements described above for variable consideration have been satisfied. Changes in Estimates on Construction Contracts The Company’s estimates of contract revenue and cost are highly detailed and many factors change during a contract performance period that result in a change to contract profitability. These factors include, but are not limited to, differing site conditions; availability of skilled contract labor; performance of major material suppliers and subcontractors; on-going subcontractor negotiations and buyout provisions; unusual weather conditions; changes in the timing of scheduled work; change orders; accuracy of the original bid estimate; changes in estimated labor productivity and costs based on experience to date; achievement of incentive-based income targets; and the expected, or actual, resolution terms for claims. The factors that cause changes in estimates vary depending on the maturation of the project within its lifecycle. For example, in the ramp-up phase, these factors typically consist of revisions in anticipated project costs and during the peak and closeout phases, these factors include the impact of change orders and claims, as well as additional revisions in remaining anticipated project costs. Generally, if the contract is at an early stage of completion, the current period impact is smaller than if the same change in estimate is made to the contract at a later stage of completion. Management evaluates changes in estimates on a contract-by-contract basis and discloses significant changes, if material, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The cumulative catch-up method is used to account for revisions in estimates. (e) Depreciation of Property and Equipment and Amortization of Long-Lived Intangible Assets Property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets are generally depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to forty years. (f) Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the future cash flows generated by the assets might be less than the assets’ net carrying value. In such circumstances, an impairment loss will be recognized by the amount the assets’ net carrying value exceeds their fair value. (g) Recoverability of Goodwill The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of October 1 for each reporting unit and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change which suggest that goodwill should be reevaluated. Such events or circumstances include significant changes in legal factors and business climate, recent losses at a reporting unit, and industry trends, among other factors. The Civil, Building and Specialty Contractors segments each represent a reporting unit, and the Civil reporting unit carried the remaining goodwill balance at December 31, 2022. The Company performs its annual quantitative impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of each year using a weighted average of an income and a market approach. These approaches utilize various valuation assumptions, and small changes to the assumptions could have a significant impact on the concluded fair value. The income approach is based on estimated present value of future cash flows for each reporting unit carrying a goodwill balance. The market approach is based on assumptions about how market data relates to each reporting unit carrying a goodwill balance. The weighting of these two approaches is based on their individual correlation to the economics of each reporting unit carrying a goodwill balance. The annual quantitative assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 2022 resulted in an estimated fair value that exceeded the net book value of the Civil reporting unit; therefore, no impairment charge was necessary. (h) Recoverability of Non-Amortizable Trade Names Certain trade names have an estimated indefinite life and are not amortized to earnings, but instead are reviewed for impairment annually, or more often if events occur or circumstances change which suggest that the non-amortizable trade names should be reevaluated. The Company performs its annual quantitative impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of each year using an income approach (relief from royalty method). The assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 2022 resulted in an estimated fair value for the non-amortizable trade names that exceeded their respective net book values; therefore, no impairment charge was necessary. (i) Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the income tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect when such differences reverse. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not threshold to be recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of the income tax provision. (j) Earnings Per Common Share Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS are calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation by the following: for basic EPS, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period; and for diluted EPS, the sum of the weighted-average number of both outstanding common shares and potentially dilutive securities, which for the Company can include restricted stock units and unexercised stock options. Potentially dilutive securities also included the Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 7) prior to their repayment on June 15, 2021; however, the Convertible Notes had no impact on diluted EPS. The Company calculates the effect of the potentially dilutive restricted stock units and stock options using the treasury stock method.
| Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per common share data) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020
Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | (210,009) |  | $ | 91,925 |  | $ | 108,394 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic | 51,324 |  | 51,017 |  | 50,656 |
Effect of dilutive restricted stock units and stock options | — |  | 352 |  | 421 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, diluted | 51,324 |  | 51,369 |  | 51,077 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation per common share: |  |  |
Basic | $ | (4.09) |  | $ | 1.80 |  | $ | 2.14 |
Diluted | $ | (4.09) |  | $ | 1.79 |  | $ | 2.12 |
Anti-dilutive securities not included above | 3,163 |  | 1,892 |  | 1,862 |
For the year ended December 31, 2022, all outstanding restricted stock units and stock options were excluded from the calculation of weighted-average diluted shares outstanding due to the net loss for the period. (k) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
| As of December 31,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021
Cash and cash equivalents available for general corporate purposes | $ | 47,711 |  | $ | 60,192 |
Joint venture cash and cash equivalents | 211,640 |  | 142,005 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 259,351 |  | 202,197 |
Restricted cash | 14,480 |  | 9,199 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 273,831 |  | $ | 211,396 |
Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when acquired. Cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts available for the Company’s general purposes, the Company’s proportionate share of cash held by the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures and 100% of amounts held by the Company’s consolidated joint ventures. In both cases, cash held by joint ventures is available only for joint venture-related uses, including future distributions to joint venture partners. Restricted cash primarily includes amounts held as collateral to secure insurance-related contingent obligations, such as insurance claim deductibles, in lieu of letters of credit. (l) Investments The Company has investments consisting of 1) restricted investments primarily held as collateral to secure insurance-related contingent obligations, such as insurance claim deductibles, in lieu of letters of credit; and 2) investments in lieu of retention. Investments in lieu of retention are recorded as a component of retention receivable on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s investments consist primarily of debt securities classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”), consisting of U.S. government agency securities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities that are rated A3 or better (see Note 12). The Company’s AFS debt securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of applicable taxes. Realized gains and losses from sales of AFS debt securities are included in other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Management evaluated the unrealized losses in AFS debt securities as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 to determine the existence of credit losses, considering credit ratings and other relevant information which may indicate that contractual cash flows are not expected to occur. The results of this evaluation indicated that the unrealized losses on AFS debt securities are primarily attributable to market interest rate increases and not a deterioration in credit quality of the issuers. Based on the analysis, management determined that credit losses did not exist for AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. It is not considered likely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before full recovery of the amortized cost basis of the AFS debt securities, which may be at maturity. As a result, the Company has not recognized any impairment losses in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 2020. (m) Share-Based Compensation The Company’s long-term incentive plans allow the Company to grant share-based compensation awards in a variety of forms, including restricted stock units, stock options, cash-settled performance stock units (“CPSUs”) and unrestricted stock. Restricted stock units give the holder the right to exchange their stock units for shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis. These awards generally vest subject to service, performance or market conditions, with related compensation expense equal to the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period. The fair value of restricted stock units with service or performance-vesting conditions is generally based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Certain restricted stock units are classified as liabilities because they contain guaranteed minimum payouts. Stock options give the holder the right to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock subsequent to the vesting date at a defined exercise price. A stock option exercise price must be equal to or greater than the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the award. The term for stock options is limited to 10 years from the award date. Stock options generally vest subject to certain service, performance or market conditions, with related compensation expense equal to the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period. The fair value of stock options with service or performance-vesting conditions is generally based on the Black-Scholes model. CPSUs give the holder the right to exchange their stock units for cash based on the value of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date. These awards vest subject to service and market or performance conditions. CPSUs are classified as liability awards and are remeasured at fair value at the end of each reporting period with the change in fair value recognized in earnings. The fair value of performance-based CPSUs is generally based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE at the measurement date, and adjusted for expected achievement of performance conditions. Since CPSUs are settled in cash and no shares are issued, these awards do not dilute equity. Certain restricted stock unit, stock option and CPSU awards contain market condition components tied to the Company’s total shareholder return in relation to its peer companies, as calculated over a multi-year performance period (“TSR awards”). The fair value of the market-based awards is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Significant assumptions used in this simulation model include the Company’s expected volatility, a risk-free rate based on U.S. Treasury yield curve rates with maturities consistent with the performance period, and the volatilities for each of the Company’s peers. Unrestricted stock awards are fully vested upon issuance with related compensation expense equal to the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value of unrestricted stock is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE. For all awards with only a service-based vesting condition, the Company accounts for forfeitures upon occurrence, rather than estimating the probability of forfeiture at the date of grant. Accordingly, the Company recognizes the full grant-date fair value of these awards on a straight-line basis throughout the requisite service period, reversing any expense if, and only if, there is a forfeiture. Certain cash awards contain service-based vesting conditions with payouts indexed to the price of the Company’s common stock. These awards are classified as liability awards and are remeasured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. For all awards that have a performance-based vesting condition, the Company evaluates the probability of achieving the performance criteria quarterly throughout the performance period, and will adjust share-based compensation expense if it estimates that the achievement of the performance criteria is not probable. In addition, liability awards with a performance-based vesting condition are remeasured at fair value at each reporting period and the compensation expense is adjusted accordingly. For equity awards with a market-based vesting condition, compensation expense is recognized regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied, provided that the requisite service period has been completed. Conversely, liability awards with market-based vesting requirements are remeasured at fair value at each reporting period using a Monte Carlo simulation model and the compensation expense is adjusted accordingly. (n) Insurance Liabilities The Company typically utilizes third-party insurance coverage subject to varying deductible levels with aggregate caps on losses retained. The Company assumes the risk for the amount of the deductible portion of the losses and liabilities primarily associated with workers’ compensation and general liability coverage. In addition, on certain projects, the Company assumes the risk for the amount of the deductible portion of losses that arise from any subcontractor defaults. Losses are accrued based upon the Company’s estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using historical experience and certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry. The estimate of insurance liability within the deductible limits includes an estimate of incurred but not reported claims based on data compiled from historical experience. (o) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in the consolidated financial statements. The Company reports the change in pension benefit plan assets/liabilities, cumulative foreign currency translation, and change in fair value of investments as components of AOCI. The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
(in thousands) | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount |  | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount |  | Before-Tax Amount | Tax (Expense) Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments | $ | 7,230 |  | $ | (2,001) |  | $ | 5,229 |  |  | $ | 8,665 |  | $ | (2,444) |  | $ | 6,221 |  |  | $ | (8,700) |  | $ | 2,439 |  | $ | (6,261) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (3,351) |  | 556 |  | (2,795) |  |  | (508) |  | 183 |  | (325) |  |  | 178 |  | 101 |  | 279 |
Unrealized gain (loss) in fair value of investments | (10,219) |  | 2,111 |  | (8,108) |  |  | (3,440) |  | 790 |  | (2,650) |  |  | 2,015 |  | (444) |  | 1,571 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (6,340) |  | $ | 666 |  | $ | (5,674) |  |  | $ | 4,717 |  | $ | (1,471) |  | $ | 3,246 |  |  | $ | (6,507) |  | $ | 2,096 |  | $ | (4,411) |
Less: Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (2,272) |  | — |  | (2,272) |  |  | 140 |  | — |  | 140 |  |  | 230 |  | — |  | 230 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation | $ | (4,068) |  | $ | 666 |  | $ | (3,402) |  |  | $ | 4,577 |  | $ | (1,471) |  | $ | 3,106 |  |  | $ | (6,737) |  | $ | 2,096 |  | $ | (4,641) |
The changes in AOCI balances by component (after tax) attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation and noncontrolling interests during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
(in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Gain (Loss) in Fair Value of Investments | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Attributable to Tutor Perini Corporation: |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | (37,826) |  | $ | (5,371) |  | $ | 1,097 |  | $ | (42,100) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (7,993) |  | 49 |  | 1,820 |  | (6,124) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 1,732 |  | — |  | (249) |  | 1,483 |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | (44,087) |  | $ | (5,322) |  | $ | 2,668 |  | $ | (46,741) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 4,167 |  | (465) |  | (2,372) |  | 1,330 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 2,054 |  | — |  | (278) |  | 1,776 |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | (37,866) |  | $ | (5,787) |  | $ | 18 |  | $ | (43,635) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 3,370 |  | (1,454) |  | (7,273) |  | (5,357) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 1,859 |  | — |  | 96 |  | 1,955 |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | (32,637) |  | $ | (7,241) |  | $ | (7,159) |  | $ | (47,037) |
(in thousands) | Defined Benefit Pension Plan | Foreign Currency Translation | Unrealized Loss in Fair Value of Investments | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests: |  |  |  |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | — |  | $ | 172 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 172 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  | 230 |  | — |  | 230 |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | — |  | $ | 402 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 402 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  | 140 |  | — |  | 140 |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | — |  | $ | 542 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 542 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | (1,341) |  | (931) |  | (2,272) |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | — |  | $ | (799) |  | $ | (931) |  | $ | (1,730) |
The significant items reclassified out of AOCI and the corresponding location and impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020
Component of AOCI: |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan adjustments(a) | $ | 2,570 |  | $ | 2,861 |  | $ | 2,407 |
Income tax benefit(b) | (711) |  | (807) |  | (675) |
Net of tax | $ | 1,859 |  | $ | 2,054 |  | $ | 1,732 |
Unrealized (gain) loss in fair value of investment adjustments(a) | $ | 121 |  | $ | (352) |  | $ | (315) |
Income tax expense (benefit)(b) | (25) |  | 74 |  | 66 |
Net of tax | $ | 96 |  | $ | (278) |  | $ | (249) |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________ (a)Amount included in other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (b)Amounts included in income tax (expense) benefit on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (p) Recent Accounting Pronouncements There were no new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB during the year ended December 31, 2022 and through the date of filing of this report that had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.

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