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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One) |  |  |
☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2021

OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission file number: 001-35826

Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 45-0969585
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
875 E. Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 800 |
Milwaukee, | WI | 53202
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(414) 390-6100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share | APAM | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer | ☑ |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and Class C common stock, par value $0.01 per share, as of April 23, 2021 were 64,821,842, 3,783,601 and 10,557,209, respectively.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
Part I | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements |
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 1
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 2
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 3
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 4
| Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 5
| Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 35
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 36
Part II | Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 37
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 37
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 37
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 37
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 37
Item 5. | Other Information | 37
Item 6. | Exhibits | 37
| Signatures | 38

Except where the context requires otherwise, in this report, references to the “Company”, “Artisan”, “we”, “us” or “our” refer to Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. (“APAM”) and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Artisan Partners Holdings LP (“Artisan Partners Holdings” or “Holdings”). On March 12, 2013, APAM closed its initial public offering and related corporate reorganization. Prior to that date, APAM was a subsidiary of Artisan Partners Holdings.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains, and from time to time our management may make, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements regarding future events and our future performance, as well as management’s current expectations, beliefs, plans, estimates, or projections relating to the future, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of these laws. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may”, “might”, “will”, “should”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential” or “continue”, the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are only predictions based on current expectations and projections about future events. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, and there are important factors that could cause actual results, level of activity, performance, actions or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance, actions or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include: the loss of key investment professionals or senior management, adverse market or economic conditions, poor performance of our investment strategies, change in the legislative and regulatory environment in which we operate, operational or technical errors or other damage to our reputation, the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors disclosed in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those factors listed under the caption entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2021, as such factors may be updated from time to time. Our periodic and current reports are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this report, except as required by law.
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Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
•our anticipated future results of operations;
•our potential operating performance and efficiency, including our ability to operate under different and unique circumstances;
•our expectations with respect to the performance of our investment strategies;
•our expectations with respect to future levels of assets under management, including the capacity of our strategies and client cash inflows and outflows;
•our expectations with respect to industry trends and how those trends may impact our business;
•our financing plans, cash needs and liquidity position;
•our intention to pay dividends and our expectations about the amount of those dividends;
•our expected levels of compensation of our employees, including equity- and cash-based long-term incentive compensation;
•our expectations with respect to future expenses and the level of future expenses;
•our expected tax rate, and our expectations with respect to deferred tax assets; and
•our estimates of future amounts payable pursuant to our tax receivable agreements.
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Part I — Financial Information
Item 1. Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
ARTISAN PARTNERS ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 215,752 |  |  | $ | 154,987 |
Accounts receivable | 115,039 |  |  | 99,888 |
Investment securities | 36,235 |  |  | 3,656 |
Property and equipment, net | 37,068 |  |  | 35,874 |
Deferred tax assets | 491,530 |  |  | 482,061 |
Restricted cash | 629 |  |  | 629 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 15,562 |  |  | 17,762 |
Operating lease assets | 79,198 |  |  | 79,304 |
Assets of consolidated investment products |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 65,345 |  |  | 43,834 |
Accounts receivable and other | 1,557 |  |  | 3,587 |
Investment assets, at fair value | 227,029 |  |  | 230,380 |
Total assets | $ | 1,284,944 |  |  | $ | 1,151,962 |
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other | $ | 29,585 |  |  | $ | 24,727 |
Accrued incentive compensation | 98,542 |  |  | 12,924 |
Borrowings | 199,330 |  |  | 199,284 |
Operating lease liabilities | 92,278 |  |  | 92,671 |
Amounts payable under tax receivable agreements | 428,270 |  |  | 412,468 |
Liabilities of consolidated investment products |  |  |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other | 94,008 |  |  | 109,362 |
Investment liabilities, at fair value | 12,941 |  |  | 15,731 |
Total liabilities | 954,954 |  |  | 867,167 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 124,915 |  |  | 93,753 |
Common stock |  |  |
Class A common stock ($0.01 par value per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 64,821,842 and 63,131,007 shares outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) | 648 |  |  | 631 |
Class B common stock ($0.01 par value per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 3,783,601 and 4,457,958 shares outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) | 38 |  |  | 45 |
Class C common stock ($0.01 par value per share, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 10,557,209 and 10,983,145 shares outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively) | 106 |  |  | 110 |
Additional paid-in capital | 114,757 |  |  | 107,738 |
Retained earnings | 68,960 |  |  | 72,944 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (868) |  |  | (991) |
Total Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. stockholders’ equity | 183,641 |  |  | 180,477 |
Noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | 21,434 |  |  | 10,565 |
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 205,075 |  |  | $ | 191,042 |
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests, and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,284,944 |  |  | $ | 1,151,962 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ARTISAN PARTNERS ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management fees | $ | 283,965 |  |  | $ | 199,904 |  |  |  |  |
Performance fees | 6,712 |  |  | 2,932 |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | $ | 290,677 |  |  | $ | 202,836 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits | 139,465 |  |  | 104,717 |  |  |  |  |
Distribution, servicing and marketing | 7,580 |  |  | 5,548 |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy | 5,192 |  |  | 5,189 |  |  |  |  |
Communication and technology | 9,856 |  |  | 9,205 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 6,775 |  |  | 7,217 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 168,868 |  |  | 131,876 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating income | 121,809 |  |  | 70,960 |  |  |  |  |
Non-operating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (2,685) |  |  | (2,685) |  |  |  |  |
Net investment gain (loss) of consolidated investment products | 6,916 |  |  | (12,924) |  |  |  |  |
Other net investment gain (loss) | 196 |  |  | (2,257) |  |  |  |  |
Total non-operating income (expense) | 4,427 |  |  | (17,866) |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 126,236 |  |  | 53,094 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 21,618 |  |  | 9,451 |  |  |  |  |
Net income before noncontrolling interests | 104,618 |  |  | 43,643 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | 23,641 |  |  | 16,112 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests - consolidated investment products | 3,699 |  |  | (7,294) |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. | $ | 77,278 |  |  | $ | 34,825 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 58,758,284 |  | 53,265,479 |  |  |  |
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 58,773,269 |  | 53,265,479 |  |  |  |
Dividends declared per Class A common share | $ | 1.28 |  |  | $ | 1.28 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ARTISAN PARTNERS ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Net income before noncontrolling interests | $ | 104,618 |  |  | $ | 43,643 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | 173 |  |  | (1,242) |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 173 |  |  | (1,242) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income | 104,791 |  |  | 42,401 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | 23,691 |  |  | 15,920 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests - consolidated investment products | 3,699 |  |  | (7,294) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income attributable to Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. | $ | 77,401 |  |  | $ | 33,775 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ARTISAN PARTNERS ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Three months ended March 31, 2021 | Class A Common stock | Class B Common stock | Class C Common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Non-controlling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | Total stockholders’ equity | Redeemable non-controlling interests
Balance at January 1, 2021 | $ | 631 |  | $ | 45 |  | $ | 110 |  | $ | 107,738 |  | $ | 72,944 |  | $ | (991) |  | $ | 10,565 |  | $ | 191,042 |  | $ | 93,753 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 77,278 |  | — |  | 23,641 |  | 100,919 |  | 3,699 |
Other comprehensive income - foreign currency translation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 136 |  | 37 |  | 173 |  | — |
Cumulative impact of changes in ownership of Artisan Partners Holdings LP | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,254 |  | — |  | (13) |  | (1,241) |  | — |  | — |
Amortization of equity-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8,907 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,893 |  | 10,800 |  | — |
Deferred tax assets, net of amounts payable under tax receivable agreements | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,444 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,444 |  | — |
Issuance of Class A common stock, net of issuance costs | 10 |  | — |  | — |  | 46,658 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 46,668 |  | — |
Issuance of restricted stock awards | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | (7) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Employee net share settlement | (1) |  | — |  | — |  | (6,319) |  | — |  | — |  | (1,546) |  | (7,866) |  | — |
Exchange of subsidiary equity | 1 |  | — |  | (1) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Purchase of equity and subsidiary equity | — |  | (7) |  | (3) |  | (46,918) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (46,928) |  | — |
Capital contributions, net | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 48,197 |
Impact of deconsolidation of CIPs | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (20,734) |
Distributions | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (11,873) |  | (11,873) |  | — |
Dividends | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (81,262) |  | — |  | (42) |  | (81,304) |  | — |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | $ | 648 |  | $ | 38 |  | $ | 106 |  | $ | 114,757 |  | $ | 68,960 |  | $ | (868) |  | $ | 21,434 |  | $ | 205,075 |  | $ | 124,915 |

Three months ended March 31, 2020 | Class A Common stock | Class B Common stock | Class C Common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Retained earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Non-controlling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | Total stockholders’ equity | Redeemable non-controlling interests
Balance at January 1, 2020 | $ | 564 |  | $ | 78 |  | $ | 136 |  | $ | 89,149 |  | $ | 44,455 |  | $ | (1,425) |  | $ | 5,544 |  | $ | 138,501 |  | $ | 43,110 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 34,825 |  | — |  | 16,112 |  | 50,937 |  | (7,294) |
Other comprehensive income - foreign currency translation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (930) |  | (312) |  | (1,242) |  | — |
Cumulative impact of changes in ownership of Artisan Partners Holdings LP | — |  | — |  | — |  | 521 |  | — |  | (120) |  | (401) |  | — |  | — |
Amortization of equity-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,391 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,304 |  | 9,695 |  | — |
Deferred tax assets, net of amounts payable under tax receivable agreements | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,104 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,104 |  | — |
Issuance of Class A common stock, net of issuance costs | 18 |  | — |  | — |  | 62,807 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 62,825 |  | — |
Issuance of restricted stock awards | 9 |  | — |  | — |  | (9) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Employee net share settlement | (1) |  | — |  | — |  | (3,314) |  | — |  | — |  | (1,215) |  | (4,530) |  | — |
Exchange of subsidiary equity | 16 |  | — |  | (16) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Purchase of equity and subsidiary equity | — |  | (18) |  | — |  | (63,009) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (63,027) |  | — |
Capital contributions, net | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,848 |
Impact of deconsolidation of CIPs | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2,441) |
Distributions | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (17,076) |  | (17,076) |  | — |
Dividends | — |  | — |  | — |  | (14,416) |  | (57,986) |  | — |  | (37) |  | (72,439) |  | — |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | 606 |  | $ | 60 |  | $ | 120 |  | $ | 86,224 |  | $ | 21,294 |  | $ | (2,475) |  | $ | 4,919 |  | $ | 110,748 |  | $ | 37,223 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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ARTISAN PARTNERS ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net income before noncontrolling interests | $ | 104,618 |  |  | $ | 43,643 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,554 |  |  | 1,624 |
Deferred income taxes | 9,777 |  |  | 6,881 |
Noncash lease expense | (272) |  |  | (789) |
Net investment (gain) loss on nonconsolidated seed investment securities | (372) |  |  | 2,379 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment | — |  |  | (6) |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 118 |  |  | 118 |
Share-based compensation | 10,800 |  |  | 9,695 |
Net investment (gain) loss of consolidated investment products | (6,916) |  |  | 12,924 |
Purchase of investments by consolidated investment products | (90,733) |  |  | (29,092) |
Proceeds from sale of investments by consolidated investment products | 37,395 |  |  | 30,160 |
Change in assets and liabilities resulting in an increase (decrease) in cash: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (15,151) |  |  | (14,841) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (8,948) |  |  | 10,762 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 89,328 |  |  | 52,729 |
Net change in operating assets and liabilities of consolidated investment products | 61,578 |  |  | (5,690) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 192,776 |  |  | 120,497 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Acquisition of property and equipment | (408) |  |  | (631) |
Leasehold improvements | (1,314) |  |  | (167) |
Proceeds from sale of investment securities | 12,813 |  |  | 5,633 |
Purchase of investment securities | (33,820) |  |  | (1,260) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (22,729) |  |  | 3,575 |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Partnership distributions | (11,873) |  |  | (17,076) |
Dividends paid | (81,304) |  |  | (72,439) |
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | 46,928 |  |  | 63,027 |
Payment of costs directly associated with the issuance of Class A common stock | (102) |  |  | (106) |
Purchase of equity and subsidiary equity | (46,928) |  |  | (63,027) |
Taxes paid related to employee net share settlement | (7,866) |  |  | (4,530) |
Capital contributions to consolidated investment products, net | 48,197 |  |  | 3,848 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (52,948) |  |  | (90,303) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 117,099 |  |  | 33,769 |
Net cash impact of deconsolidation of CIPs | (34,823) |  |  | — |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  |
Beginning of period | 199,450 |  |  | 144,255 |
End of period | $ | 281,726 |  |  | $ | 178,024 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of the end of the period |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 215,752 |  |  | $ | 170,749 |
Restricted cash | 629 |  |  | 629 |
Cash and cash equivalents of consolidated investment products | 65,345 |  |  | 6,646 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 281,726 |  |  | $ | 178,024 |
Supplementary information |  |  |
Noncash activity: |  |  |
Establishment of deferred tax assets | $ | 19,246 |  |  | $ | 37,957 |
Establishment of amounts payable under tax receivable agreements | 15,802 |  |  | 30,853 |
Increase in investment securities due to deconsolidation of CIPs | 11,200 |  |  | 1,469 |
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | 2,434 |  |  | — |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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ARTISAN PARTNERS ASSET MANAGEMENT INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
(U.S. currencies in thousands, except share and per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)
Note 1. Nature of Business and Organization
Nature of Business
Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. (“APAM”), through its subsidiaries, is an investment management firm focused on providing high-value added, active investment strategies to sophisticated clients globally. APAM and its subsidiaries are hereafter referred to collectively as “Artisan” or the “Company”.
Artisan’s autonomous investment teams manage a broad range of U.S., non-U.S. and global investment strategies that are diversified by asset class, market cap and investment style. Strategies are offered through multiple investment vehicles to accommodate a broad range of client mandates. Artisan offers its investment management services primarily to institutions and through intermediaries that operate with institutional-like decision-making processes and have long-term investment horizons.
Organization
On March 12, 2013, APAM completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”). APAM was formed for the purpose of becoming the general partner of Artisan Partners Holdings LP (“Artisan Partners Holdings” or “Holdings”) in connection with the IPO. Holdings is a holding company for the investment management business conducted under the name “Artisan Partners”. The reorganization (“IPO Reorganization”) established the necessary corporate structure to complete the IPO while at the same time preserving the ability of the firm to conduct operations through Holdings and its subsidiaries.
As the sole general partner, APAM controls the business and affairs of Holdings. As a result, APAM consolidates Holdings’ financial statements and records a noncontrolling interest for the equity interests in Holdings held by the limited partners of Holdings. At March 31, 2021, APAM held approximately 82% of the equity ownership interest in Holdings.
Holdings, together with its wholly owned subsidiary, Artisan Investments GP LLC, controls a 100% interest in Artisan Partners Limited Partnership (“APLP”), a multi-product investment management firm that is the principal operating subsidiary of Artisan Partners Holdings. APLP is registered as an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. APLP provides investment advisory services to traditional separate accounts and pooled investment vehicles, including Artisan Partners Funds, Inc. (“Artisan Funds”), Artisan Partners Global Funds plc (“Artisan Global Funds”), and Artisan sponsored private funds (“Artisan Private Funds”). Artisan Funds are a series of open-end mutual funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Artisan Global Funds is a family of Ireland-domiciled UCITS funds.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation
The accompanying financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of such consolidated financial statements have been included. Such interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year results.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and accordingly they do not include all of the information and footnotes required in the annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes.
The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. As a result, the interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in APAM’s latest annual report on Form 10-K.
The accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and related rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates or assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates or assumptions.
Principles of consolidation
Artisan’s policy is to consolidate all subsidiaries or other entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. The consolidation guidance requires an analysis to determine if an entity should be evaluated for consolidation using the voting interest entity (“VOE”) model or the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model. Under the VOE model, controlling financial interest is generally defined as a majority ownership of voting interests. Under the VIE model, controlling financial interest is defined as (i) the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and (ii) the right to receive potentially significant benefits or the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses.
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Artisan generally consolidates VIEs in which it meets the power criteria and holds an equity ownership interest of greater than 10%. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of APAM and all subsidiaries or other entities in which APAM has a direct or indirect controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Artisan serves as the investment adviser to Artisan Funds, Artisan Global Funds and Artisan Private Funds. Artisan Funds and Artisan Global Funds are corporate entities the business and affairs of which are managed by their respective boards of directors. The shareholders of the funds retain voting rights, including rights to elect and reelect members of their respective boards of directors. Each series of Artisan Funds is a VOE and is separately evaluated for consolidation under the VOE model. The shareholders of Artisan Global Funds lack simple majority liquidation rights, and as a result, each sub-fund of Artisan Global Funds is evaluated for consolidation under the VIE model. Artisan Private Funds are also evaluated for consolidation under the VIE model because third-party equity holders of the funds generally lack the ability to divest Artisan of its control of the funds.
From time to time, the Company makes investments in Artisan Funds, Artisan Global Funds, and Artisan Private Funds. If the investment results in a controlling financial interest, APAM consolidates the fund, and the underlying activity of the entire fund is included in Artisan’s Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. As of March 31, 2021, Artisan had a controlling financial interest in three sub-funds of Artisan Global Funds and three Artisan Private Funds and, as a result, these funds are included in Artisan’s Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. Because these consolidated investment products meet the definition of investment companies under U.S. GAAP, Artisan has retained the specialized industry accounting principles for investment companies in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 6, “Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Products” for additional details.
Recent accounting pronouncements
None.
Note 3. Investment Securities
The disclosures below include details of Artisan’s investments, excluding money market funds and consolidated investment products. Investments held by consolidated investment products are described in Note 6, “Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Products”.

| As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Investments in equity securities | $ | 34,464 |  |  | $ | 2,807 |
Investments in equity securities accounted for under the equity method | 1,771 |  |  | 849 |
Total investment securities | $ | 36,235 |  |  | $ | 3,656 |

Artisan’s investments in equity securities consist of investments in shares of Artisan Funds, Artisan Global Funds and Artisan Private Funds. As of March 31, 2021, $33.7 million of the investment securities are related to funded long-term incentive compensation plans. The Company recognized $19 thousand of unrealized gains and $902 thousand of unrealized losses during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to investment securities held at the end of each period.
Note 4. Fair Value Measurements
The table below presents information about Artisan’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value and the valuation techniques Artisan utilized to determine such fair value. The financial instruments held by consolidated investment products are excluded from the table below and are presented in Note 6, “Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Products”.
In accordance with ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that Artisan would receive upon selling an investment in an orderly transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market for the investment. The following three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value:
•Level 1 – Observable inputs such as quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical securities.
•Level 2 – Other significant observable inputs (including but not limited to quoted prices for similar instruments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.).
•Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs (including Artisan’s own assumptions in determining fair value).
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The following provides the hierarchy of inputs used to derive fair value of Artisan’s assets and liabilities that are financial instruments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

| Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
| Total |  | NAV Practical Expedient (No Fair Value Level) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 25,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities | 36,235 |  |  | 999 |  |  | 35,236 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 25,855 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,855 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities | 3,656 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 3,599 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Fair values determined based on Level 1 inputs utilize quoted market prices for identical assets. Level 1 assets generally consist of money market funds, open-end mutual funds and UCITS funds. Equity securities without a fair value level consist of the Company’s investments in Artisan Private Funds, which are measured at the underlying fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), using the ASC 820 practical expedient. The NAV is provided by the fund and is derived from the fair values of the underlying investments as of the reporting date. Cash maintained in demand deposit accounts is excluded from the table above.
Note 5. Borrowings
Artisan’s borrowings consist of the following as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

| Maturity |  | Outstanding Balance |  |  |  | Interest Rate Per Annum
Revolving credit agreement | August 2022 |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | NA
Senior notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series C | August 2022 |  | 90,000 |  |  |  |  | 5.82 | %
Series D | August 2025 |  | 60,000 |  |  |  |  | 4.29 | %
Series E | August 2027 |  | 50,000 |  |  |  |  | 4.53 | %
Total borrowings |  |  | $ | 200,000 |  |  |  |  |

The fair value of borrowings was approximately $202.8 million as of March 31, 2021. Fair value was determined based on future cash flows, discounted to present value using current market interest rates. The inputs are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 4, “Fair Value Measurements”.
Interest expense incurred on the unsecured notes and revolving credit agreement was $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
As of March 31, 2021, the aggregate maturities of debt obligations, based on their contractual terms, are as follows:

2021 | $ | — |
2022 | 90,000 |
2023 | — |
2024 | — |
2025 | 60,000 |
Thereafter | 50,000 |
Total | $ | 200,000 |

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Note 6. Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Products
Artisan serves as the investment adviser for various types of investment products, consisting of both VIEs and VOEs. Artisan consolidates an investment product if it has a controlling financial interest in the entity. Any such entities are collectively referred to herein as consolidated investment products or CIPs.
As of March 31, 2021, Artisan is considered to have a controlling financial interest in three sub-funds of Artisan Global Funds and three Artisan Private Funds, with an aggregate direct equity investment in the consolidated investment products of $62.1 million.
Artisan’s maximum exposure to loss in connection with the assets and liabilities of CIPs is limited to its direct equity investment, while the potential benefit is limited to the management and performance fees received and the return on its equity investment. With the exception of Artisan’s direct equity investment, the assets of CIPs are not available to Artisan’s creditors, nor are they available to Artisan for general corporate purposes. In addition, third-party investors in the CIPs have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.
Management and performance fees earned from CIPs are eliminated from revenue upon consolidation. See Note 14, “Related Party Transactions” for additional information on management and performance fees earned from CIPs.
Third-party investors’ ownership interest in CIPs is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as third-party investors have the right to withdraw their capital, subject to certain conditions. Net income attributable to third-party investors is reported as net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests - consolidated investment products in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company determined that it no longer had a controlling financial interest in one Artisan Private Fund upon the redemption of the Company's seed investment. Upon loss of control, the VIE was deconsolidated and the following assets, liabilities, and equity of the fund were derecognized from the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:

|  | As of January 1, 2021
Assets of consolidated investment products |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 34,823 |
Accounts receivable and other |  | 1,769 |
Investment assets, at fair value |  | 72,868 |
Less: Amounts reclassified to investment securities |  | (11,200) |
Total assets |  | $ | 98,260 |
Liabilities of consolidated investment products |  |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other |  | $ | 76,960 |
Investment liabilities, at fair value |  | 566 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 77,526 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | $ | 20,734 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 98,260 |

There was no net impact to the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Artisan generally does not recognize a gain or loss upon deconsolidation of investment products because the assets and liabilities of CIPs are carried at fair value.
As of March 31, 2021, Artisan held direct equity investments of $1.8 million in VIEs for which the Company does not hold a controlling financial interest. These direct equity investments consisted of seed investments in sub-funds of Artisan Global Funds and Artisan Private Funds, both of which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Artisan has significant influence over the funds.
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Fair Value Measurements - Consolidated Investment Products
Investments held by CIPs are reflected at fair value. Short and long positions on equity securities are valued based upon closing prices of the security on the exchange or market designated by the accounting agent or pricing vendor as the principal exchange. The closing price may represent last sale price, official closing price, a closing auction or other information depending on market convention. Short and long positions on fixed income instruments are valued at market value. Market values are generally evaluations based on the judgment of pricing vendors, which may consider, among other factors, the prices at which securities actually trade, broker-dealer quotations, pricing formulas, estimates of market values obtained from yield data relating to investments or securities with similar characteristics and/or discounted cash flow models that might be applicable. Derivative assets and liabilities are generally comprised of put and call options on securities and indices. Put and call options are valued at the mid price (average of bid price and ask price) as provided by the pricing vendor at the close of trading on the contract's principal exchange. The following tables present the fair value hierarchy levels of assets and liabilities held by CIPs measured at fair value as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

| Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 4,270 |  |  | $ | 4,270 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities - long position | 84,543 |  |  | 81,937 |  |  | 2,606 |  |  | — |
Fixed income instruments - long position | 142,486 |  |  | — |  |  | 142,486 |  |  | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income instruments - short position | $ | 12,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,786 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities | 155 |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  | — |

| Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 7,822 |  |  | $ | 7,822 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities - long position | 83,960 |  |  | 83,027 |  |  | 933 |  |  | — |
Fixed income instruments - long position | 133,518 |  |  | — |  |  | 133,518 |  |  | — |
Derivative assets | 12,902 |  |  | 12,902 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income instruments - short position | $ | 14,978 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,978 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities | 753 |  |  | 566 |  |  | 187 |  |  | — |

CIP balances included in the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were as follows:

| As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Net CIP assets included in the table above | $ | 218,358 |  |  | $ | 222,471 |
Net CIP assets/(liabilities) not included in the table above | (31,376) |  |  | (69,763) |
Total Net CIP assets | 186,982 |  |  | 152,708 |
Less: redeemable noncontrolling interests | 124,915 |  |  | 93,753 |
Artisan’s direct equity investment in CIPs | $ | 62,067 |  |  | $ | 58,955 |

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Note 7. Noncontrolling Interests - Holdings
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations represents the portion of earnings or loss attributable to the equity ownership interests in Holdings held by the limited partners of Holdings. As of March 31, 2021, APAM held approximately 82% of the equity ownership interests in Holdings.
Limited partners of Artisan Partners Holdings are entitled to exchange partnership units (along with a corresponding number of shares of Class B or C common stock of APAM) for shares of Class A common stock from time to time (the “Holdings Common Unit Exchanges”). The Holdings Common Unit Exchanges increase APAM’s equity ownership interest in Holdings and result in an increase to deferred tax assets and amounts payable under the tax receivable agreements. See Note 11, “Income Taxes and Related Payments”.
In order to maintain the one-to-one correspondence of the number of Holdings partnership units and APAM common shares, Holdings will issue one general partner (“GP”) unit to APAM for each share of Class A common stock issued by APAM. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, APAM’s equity ownership interest in Holdings increased as a result of the following transactions:

| Holdings GP Units | Limited Partnership Units | Total | APAM Ownership %
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 63,131,007 |  | 15,441,103 |  | 78,572,110 |  | 80 | %
2021 Follow-On Offering | 963,614 |  | (963,614) |  | — |  | 1 | %
Holdings Common Unit Exchanges(1) | 136,679 |  | (136,679) |  | — |  | — | %
Issuance of APAM Restricted Shares | 740,249 |  | — |  | 740,249 |  | 1 | %
Delivery of Shares Underlying RSUs (1) | 1,074 |  | — |  | 1,074 |  | — | %
Restricted Share Award Net Share Settlement (1) | (150,781) |  | — |  | (150,781) |  | — | %
Balance at March 31, 2021 | 64,821,842 |  | 14,340,810 |  | 79,162,652 |  | 82 | %

(1) The impact of the transaction on APAM’s ownership percentage was less than 1%.
Changes in ownership of Holdings are accounted for as equity transactions because APAM continues to have a controlling interest in Holdings. Additional paid-in capital and noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition are adjusted to reallocate Holdings’ historical equity to reflect the change in APAM’s ownership of Holdings.
The reallocation of equity had the following impact on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition:

Statement of Financial Condition | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 |  | 2020
Additional paid-in capital | $ | 1,254 |  |  | $ | 521 |
Noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | (1,241) |  |  | (401) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (13) |  |  | (120) |
Net impact to financial condition | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

In addition to the reallocation of historical equity, the change in ownership resulted in an increase to deferred tax assets and additional paid-in capital of $0.7 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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Note 8. Stockholders’ Equity
APAM - Stockholders’ Equity
APAM had the following authorized and outstanding equity as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively:

|  |  | Outstanding |  |  |  |
| Authorized |  | As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020 |  | Voting Rights (1) |  | Economic Rights
Common shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A, par value $0.01 per share | 500,000,000 |  |  | 64,821,842 |  |  | 63,131,007 |  |  | 1 vote per share |  | Proportionate
Class B, par value $0.01 per share | 200,000,000 |  |  | 3,783,601 |  |  | 4,457,958 |  |  | 1 vote per share |  | None
Class C, par value $0.01 per share | 400,000,000 |  |  | 10,557,209 |  |  | 10,983,145 |  |  | 1 vote per share |  | None
(1) The Company’s employees to whom Artisan has granted equity have entered into a stockholders agreement with respect to all shares of APAM common stock they have acquired from the Company and any shares they may acquire from the Company in the future, pursuant to which they granted an irrevocable voting proxy to a Stockholders Committee. As of March 31, 2021, Artisan’s employees held 5,297,254 restricted shares of Class A common stock and all 3,783,601 outstanding shares of Class B common stock, all of which were subject to the agreement.

APAM is dependent on cash generated by Holdings to fund any dividends. Generally, Holdings will make distributions to all of its partners, including APAM, based on the proportionate ownership each holds in Holdings. APAM will fund dividends to its stockholders from its proportionate share of those distributions after provision for its taxes and other obligations. APAM declared and paid the following dividends per share during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

Type of Dividend |  | Class of Stock |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Quarterly |  | Class A Common |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  |  |  |
Special Annual |  | Class A Common |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  |  |  |

The following table summarizes APAM’s stock transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

| Total Stock Outstanding | Class A Common Stock(1) | Class B Common Stock | Class C Common Stock |  |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 78,572,110 |  | 63,131,007 |  | 4,457,958 |  | 10,983,145 |  |  |
2021 Follow-On Offering | — |  | 963,614 |  | (638,614) |  | (325,000) |  |  |
Holdings Common Unit Exchanges | — |  | 136,679 |  | (35,743) |  | (100,936) |  |  |
Restricted Share Award Grants | 740,249 |  | 740,249 |  | — |  | — |  |  |
Restricted Share Award Net Share Settlement | (150,781) |  | (150,781) |  | — |  | — |  |  |
Delivery of Shares Underlying RSUs | 1,074 |  | 1,074 |  | — |  | — |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | 79,162,652 |  | 64,821,842 |  | 3,783,601 |  | 10,557,209 |  |  |
(1) There were 328,310 and 304,570 restricted stock units outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. In addition, there were 135,230 performance share units outstanding at March 31, 2021. Based on the current status of the market and performance conditions, the 135,230 unvested performance share units would ultimately result in the issuance of 165,233 shares of Class A common stock if all other vesting conditions were met. Restricted stock units and performance share units are not reflected in the table because they are not considered outstanding or issued stock. |

Each Class A, Class B, Class D and Class E common unit of Holdings (together with the corresponding share of Class B or Class C common stock) is exchangeable for one share of Class A common stock. The corresponding shares of Class B and Class C common stock are immediately canceled upon any such exchange.
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Upon termination of employment with Artisan, an employee-partner’s Class B common units are exchanged for Class E common units and the corresponding shares of Class B common stock are canceled. APAM issues the former employee-partner a number of shares of Class C common stock equal to the former employee-partner’s number of Class E common units. Class E common units are exchangeable for Class A common stock subject to the same restrictions and limitations on exchange applicable to the other common units of Holdings.
Artisan Partners Holdings - Partners’ Equity
Holdings makes distributions of its net income to the holders of its partnership units for income taxes as required under the terms of the partnership agreement and also makes additional distributions under the terms of the partnership agreement. The distributions are recorded in the financial statements on the declaration date, or on the payment date in lieu of a declaration date. Holdings’ partnership distributions for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Holdings Partnership Distributions to Limited Partners |  | $ | 11,873 |  |  | $ | 17,076 |  |  |  |  |
Holdings Partnership Distributions to APAM |  | 48,546 |  |  | 45,104 |  |  |  |  |
Total Holdings Partnership Distributions |  | $ | 60,419 |  |  | $ | 62,180 |  |  |  |  |

The distributions are recorded as a reduction to consolidated stockholders’ equity, with the exception of distributions made to APAM, which are eliminated upon consolidation.
Note 9. Revenue From Contracts with Customers
Disaggregated Revenue
The following table presents a disaggregation of investment advisory revenue by type and vehicle for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Management fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Artisan Funds | $ | 165,807 |  |  | $ | 114,679 |  |  |  |  |
Artisan Global Funds | 10,864 |  |  | 8,116 |  |  |  |  |
Separate accounts(1) | 107,294 |  |  | 77,109 |  |  |  |  |
Performance fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Separate accounts(1) | 6,712 |  |  | 2,932 |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues(2) | $ | 290,677 |  |  | $ | 202,836 |  |  |  |  |
(1) Separate account revenue consists of management fees and performance fees earned from vehicles other than Artisan Funds or Artisan Global Funds, which includes traditional separate accounts, Artisan-branded collective investment trusts and Artisan Private Funds.
(2) All management fees and performance fees from consolidated investment products are eliminated upon consolidation and therefore are omitted from this table.

Performance fees are subject to the uncertainty of market volatility, and as a result, the entire amount of the variable consideration related to performance fees is constrained until the end of each measurement period. At the end of the quarterly or annual measurement period, revenue is recorded for the actual amount of performance fees earned during that period because the uncertainty has been resolved. For performance fees with annual measurement periods, revenue recognized in the current quarter relates to performance obligations that were partially satisfied in prior periods.
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The following table presents the balances of receivables related to contracts with customers:

| As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Customer |  |  |
Artisan Funds | $ | 9,202 |  |  | $ | 5,227 |
Artisan Global Funds | 4,664 |  |  | 4,473 |
Separate accounts | 93,447 |  |  | 87,971 |
Total receivables from contracts with customers | $ | 107,313 |  |  | $ | 97,671 |
Non-customer receivables | 7,726 |  |  | 2,217 |
Accounts receivable | $ | 115,039 |  |  | $ | 99,888 |

Artisan Funds and Artisan Global Funds are billed on the last day of each month. Artisan Funds and Artisan Global Funds make payments on the same day the invoice is received for the majority of the invoiced amount. The remainder of the invoice is generally paid in the month following receipt of the invoice. Separate account clients are generally billed on a monthly or quarterly basis, with payments due within 30 days of billing. Artisan had no other contract assets or liabilities from contracts with customers as of March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
Note 10. Compensation and Benefits
Total compensation and benefits consists of the following:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Salaries, incentive compensation and benefits (1) | $ | 128,364 |  |  | $ | 95,530 |  |  |  |  |
Long-term incentive compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term cash incentive compensation expense | 1,214 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Restricted share-based award compensation expense | 9,887 |  |  | 9,187 |  |  |  |  |
Total compensation and benefits | $ | 139,465 |  |  | $ | 104,717 |  |  |  |  |
(1) Excluding long-term incentive compensation awards

Incentive compensation
Cash incentive compensation paid to members of Artisan’s investment teams and members of its distribution teams is generally based on formulas that are tied directly to revenues. The majority of this incentive compensation is earned on a quarterly basis and paid in the quarter following the quarter in which the incentive was earned with the exception of fourth quarter payments which are paid in the fourth quarter of the year. Cash incentive compensation paid to most other employees is discretionary and subjectively determined based on individual performance and Artisan’s overall results during the applicable year and is generally paid on an annual basis.
Long-term incentive compensation awards consist of both APAM restricted share-based awards and long-term cash awards, which are referred to as franchise capital awards. These awards are described in more detail below.
Restricted share-based awards
Artisan has registered 14,000,000 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”). Pursuant to the Plan, APAM has granted a combination of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance share units (collectively referred to as “restricted share-based awards” or "awards") of Class A common stock to employees.
Standard Restricted Shares. Standard restricted shares are generally subject to a pro rata five-year service vesting condition.
Career Shares. Career shares are generally subject to both (i) a pro rata five-year service vesting condition and (ii) a qualifying retirement (as defined in the award agreement).
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Franchise Shares. Like career shares, franchise shares are generally subject to both (i) a pro rata five-year service vesting condition and (ii) a qualifying retirement condition. In addition, franchise shares, which are only granted to investment team members, are subject to a Franchise Protection Clause, which provides that the number of shares that ultimately vest depends on whether certain conditions relating to client cash flows are met. If such conditions are not met, compensation cost will be reversed for any shares that do not vest.
Performance Share Units (PSUs). PSUs are generally subject to (i) a three-year service vesting condition, (ii) certain performance conditions related to the Company's operating margin and total shareholder return compared to a peer group during a three-year performance period, and (iii) for one-half of the PSUs eligible to vest at the end of the performance period, a qualifying retirement condition. The number of shares of Class A common stock that are ultimately issued in connection with each PSU award will depend upon the outcome of the performance, market and qualified retirement conditions. For the portion of a PSU award with a "performance condition" under ASC 718, expense is recognized over the service period if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.
Compensation expense is recognized based on the estimated grant date fair value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The initial requisite service period is generally five years for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, and three years for performance share units. The fair value of each award is equal to the market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date, except for performance share units with a "market condition" performance metric under ASC 718, which have a grant-date fair value based on a Monte Carlo valuation model.
Unvested restricted share-based awards are subject to forfeiture. The Company’s accounting policy is to record the impact of forfeitures when they occur. Grantees are generally entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents on unvested and vested awards. 3,780,523 shares of Class A common stock were reserved and available for issuance under the Plan as of March 31, 2021.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, Artisan granted 740,249 restricted stock awards, 1,306 restricted stock units, and 75,230 performance share units of Class A common stock to employees of the Company. Total compensation expense associated with the 2021 grant is expected to be approximately $44.4 million.
The following tables summarize the restricted share-based award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

| Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units
Unvested at January 1, 2021 | $ | 35.09 |  |  | 5,293,642 |
Granted | 52.93 |  |  | 741,555 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |
Vested | 31.34 |  |  | (627,816) |
Unvested at March 31, 2021 | $ | 37.97 |  |  | 5,407,381 |

| Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Performance Share Units
Unvested at January 1, 2021 | $ | 52.45 |  |  | 60,000 |
Granted | 68.58 |  |  | 75,230 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Unvested at March 31, 2021 | $ | 61.42 |  |  | 135,230 |

Based on the current status of the market and performance conditions, the 135,230 unvested performance share units would ultimately result in the issuance of 165,233 shares of Class A common stock if all other vesting conditions were met.
The unrecognized compensation expense for the unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units as of March 31, 2021 was $106.3 million with a weighted average recognition period of 3.7 years remaining. The unrecognized compensation expense for the unvested performance share units as of March 31, 2021 was $7.0 million with a weighted average recognition period of 3.4 years remaining.
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During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company withheld a total of 150,781 restricted shares and paid $7.9 million as a result of net share settlements to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations. These net share settlements had the effect of shares repurchased and retired by the Company, as they reduced the number of shares outstanding.
Long-term cash awards (franchise capital awards)
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, Artisan granted $35.0 million of franchise capital awards to investment team members in lieu of restricted share-based awards. The franchise capital awards are subject to the same long-term vesting and forfeiture provisions as restricted share-based awards. Prior to vesting, franchise capital awards are invested in one or more of the investment strategies managed by the award recipient's investment team. During the vesting period, the value of the awards will increase or decrease based on the investment returns of the strategies in which the awards are invested. Compensation expense, including the appreciation or depreciation related to investment returns, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the required service period, which is generally five years. Because the awards will be paid out in cash upon vesting, the fair value of unvested awards is recorded as a liability based on the percentage of the service requirement that has been completed.
The company hedges its economic exposure to the change in value of these awards due to market movements by investing the cash reserved for the awards in the underlying investments. The franchise capital award liability and the underlying investment holdings are marked to market each quarter. The change in value of the award liability is recognized as a compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the required service period. The change in value of the underlying investment holdings is recognized in non-operating income (expense) in the period of change. While there is a timing difference between the recognition of the compensation expense and the offsetting investment gain or loss, the compensation expense and investment income will net to zero at the end of the multi-year vesting period for all awards that ultimately vest.
Note 11. Income Taxes and Related Payments
APAM is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxation on APAM’s allocable portion of Holdings’ income as well as foreign income taxes payable by Holdings’ subsidiaries. APAM’s effective income tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a rate benefit attributable to the fact that, for the three months ended March 31, 2021, approximately 20% of Artisan Partners Holdings’ full year projected taxable earnings were attributable to other partners and not subject to corporate-level taxes. The effective tax rate was also lower than the statutory rate due to tax deductible dividends paid on unvested restricted share-based awards and favorable tax deductions related to the vesting of restricted share-based awards.
APAM’s effective tax rate was 17.1% and 17.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Components of the provision for income taxes consist of the following:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 9,032 |  |  | $ | 1,593 |  |  |  |  |
State and local | 2,647 |  |  | 868 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign | 162 |  |  | 109 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 11,841 |  |  | 2,570 |  |  |  |  |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 8,312 |  |  | 5,898 |  |  |  |  |
State and local | 1,465 |  |  | 983 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 9,777 |  |  | 6,881 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 21,618 |  |  | $ | 9,451 |  |  |  |  |

In connection with the IPO, APAM entered into two tax receivable agreements (“TRAs”). The first TRA generally provides for the payment by APAM to a private equity fund (the “Pre-H&F Corp Merger Shareholder”) or its assignees of 85% of the applicable cash savings, if any, of U.S. federal, state and local income taxes that APAM actually realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) as a result of (i) the tax attributes of the preferred units APAM acquired in the merger of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Pre-H&F Corp Merger Shareholder into APAM in March 2013, (ii) net operating losses available as a result of the merger and (iii) tax benefits related to imputed interest.
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The second TRA generally provides for the payment by APAM to current or former limited partners of Holdings or their assignees of 85% of the applicable cash savings, if any, of U.S. federal, state and local income taxes that APAM actually realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) as a result of (i) certain tax attributes of their partnership units sold to APAM or exchanged (for shares of Class A common stock, convertible preferred stock or other consideration) and that are created as a result of such sales or exchanges and payments under the TRAs and (ii) tax benefits related to imputed interest. Under both agreements, APAM generally will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of the applicable tax savings.
For purposes of the TRAs, cash savings of income taxes are calculated by comparing APAM’s actual income tax liability to the amount it would have been required to pay had it not been able to utilize any of the tax benefits subject to the TRAs, unless certain assumptions apply. The TRAs will continue in effect until all such tax benefits have been utilized or expired, unless APAM exercises its right to terminate the agreements or payments under the agreements are accelerated in the event that APAM materially breaches any of its material obligations under the agreements.
The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under these agreements, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of sales or exchanges by the holders of limited partnership units, the price of the Class A common stock at the time of such sales or exchanges, whether such sales or exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of the taxable income APAM generates in the future and the tax rate then applicable and the portion of APAM’s payments under the TRAs constituting imputed interest or depreciable basis or amortizable basis.
Payments under the TRAs, if any, will be made pro rata among all TRA counterparties entitled to payments on an annual basis to the extent APAM has sufficient taxable income to utilize the increased depreciation and amortization charges and imputed interest deductions. Artisan expects to make one or more payments under the TRAs, to the extent they are required, prior to or within 125 days after APAM’s U.S. federal income tax return is filed for each fiscal year. Interest on the TRA payments will accrue at a rate equal to one-year LIBOR plus 100 basis points from the due date (without extension) of such tax return until such payments are made. Amounts payable under tax receivable agreements are estimates which may be impacted by factors, including but not limited to, expected tax rates, projected taxable income, and projected ownership levels and are subject to change. Changes in the estimates of amounts payable under tax receivable agreements are recorded as non-operating income (loss) in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The change in the Company’s deferred tax assets related to the tax benefits described above and the change in corresponding amounts payable under the TRAs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 is summarized as follows:

| Deferred Tax Asset - Amortizable basis |  | Amounts payable under tax receivable agreements
December 31, 2020 | $ | 446,954 |  |  | $ | 412,468 |
2021 Follow-On Offering | 16,362 |  |  | 13,908 |
2021 Holdings Common Unit Exchanges | 2,228 |  |  | 1,894 |
Amortization | (9,661) |  |  | — |
March 31, 2021 | $ | 455,883 |  |  | $ | 428,270 |

Net deferred tax assets comprise the following:

| As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Amortizable basis (1) | $ | 455,883 |  |  | $ | 446,954 |
Other (2) | 35,647 |  |  | 35,107 |
Total deferred tax assets | 491,530 |  |  | 482,061 |
Less: valuation allowance (3) | — |  |  | — |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 491,530 |  |  | $ | 482,061 |
(1) Represents the unamortized step-up of tax basis and other tax attributes from the merger and partnership unit sales and exchanges described above. These future tax benefits are subject to the TRA agreements.
(2) Represents the net deferred tax assets associated with the merger described above and other miscellaneous deferred tax assets. These future tax benefits are not subject to the TRA agreements.
(3) Artisan assessed whether the deferred tax assets would be realizable and determined based on its history of taxable income that the benefits would more likely than not be realized. Accordingly, no valuation allowance is required.

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Accounting standards establish a minimum threshold for recognizing, and a process for measuring, the benefits of income tax return positions in financial statements. The Company's gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $1.3 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits is not expected to significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the income tax provision. Accrued interest on uncertain tax positions was $0.2 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The gross unrecognized tax benefit is recorded within accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other in the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
In the normal course of business, Artisan is subject to examination by federal and certain state, local and foreign tax regulators. As of March 31, 2021, U.S. federal income tax returns filed for the years 2017 through 2019 are open and therefore subject to examination. State, local, and foreign income tax returns filed are generally subject to examination from 2016 to 2019.
Note 12. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed under the two-class method by dividing income available to Class A common stockholders by the weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding during the period. Unvested restricted share-based awards are excluded from the number of Class A common shares outstanding for the basic earnings per share calculation because the shares have not yet been earned by employees. Income available to Class A common stockholders is computed by reducing net income attributable to APAM by earnings (both distributed and undistributed) allocated to participating securities, according to their respective rights to participate in those earnings. Except for certain performance share units, unvested share-based awards are participating securities because the awards include non-forfeitable dividend rights during the vesting period. Class B and Class C common shares do not share in profits of APAM and therefore are not reflected in the calculations.
Diluted earnings per share is computed under the more dilutive of the treasury stock method or the two-class method. The weighted average number of Class A common shares outstanding during the period is increased by the assumed conversion of nonparticipating unvested share-based awards into Class A common stock using the treasury stock method.
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to APAM | $ | 77,278 |  |  | $ | 34,825 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Allocation to participating securities | 7,139 |  |  | 6,835 |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 70,139 |  |  | $ | 27,990 |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 58,758,284 |  |  | 53,265,479 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of nonparticipating equity awards | 14,985 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 58,773,269 |  |  | 53,265,479 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per share - Basic | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per share - Diluted | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |

Allocation to participating securities in the table above primarily represents dividends paid to holders of unvested restricted share-based awards, which reduces net income available to common stockholders.
The Holdings limited partnership units are anti-dilutive primarily due to the impact of public company expenses. Unvested restricted share-based awards with non-forfeitable dividend rights during the vesting period are considered participating securities and are therefore anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes the weighted-average shares outstanding that are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Anti-Dilutive Weighted Average Shares Outstanding | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Holdings limited partnership units | 15,068,264 |  |  | 20,069,152 |  |  |  |  |
Unvested restricted share-based awards | 5,333,755 |  |  | 5,177,625 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 20,402,019 |  |  | 25,246,777 |  |  |  |  |

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Note 13. Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, APAM enters into agreements that include indemnities in favor of third parties. Holdings has also agreed to indemnify APAM as its general partner, Artisan Investment Corporation (“AIC”) as its former general partner, the directors and officers of APAM, the directors and officers of AIC as its former general partner, the members of its former Advisory Committee, and its partners, directors, officers, employees and agents. Holdings’ subsidiaries may also have similar agreements to indemnify their respective general partner(s), directors, officers, directors and officers of their general partner(s), partners, members, employees, and agents. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. APAM maintains insurance policies that may provide coverage against certain claims under these indemnities.
Note 14. Related Party Transactions
Several of the current executive officers and directors of APAM or entities associated with those individuals, are limited partners of Holdings. As a result, certain transactions (such as TRA payments) between Artisan and the limited partners of Holdings are considered to be related party transactions with respect to these persons.
Affiliate transactions—Artisan Funds
Artisan has an agreement to serve as the investment adviser to Artisan Funds, with which certain Artisan employees are affiliated. Under the terms of the agreement, which generally is reviewed and continued by the board of directors of Artisan Funds annually, a fee is paid to Artisan based on an annual percentage of the average daily net assets of each Artisan Fund ranging from 0.625% to 1.05%. Artisan has contractually agreed to reimburse for expenses incurred to the extent necessary to limit annualized ordinary operating expenses incurred by certain of the Artisan Funds to not more than a fixed percentage (ranging from 0.88% to 1.50%) of a fund’s average daily net assets. In addition, Artisan may voluntarily waive fees or reimburse any of the Artisan Funds for other expenses. The officers and directors of Artisan Funds who are affiliated with Artisan receive no compensation from the funds.
Investment advisory fees for managing Artisan Funds and amounts reimbursed by Artisan for fees and expenses (including management fees) are as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Artisan Funds | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Investment advisory fees (Gross of expense reimbursements) | $ | 165,966 |  |  | $ | 114,767 |  |  |  |  |
Expense reimbursements | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  |  |  |

Affiliate transactions—Artisan Global Funds
Artisan has an agreement to serve as the investment manager to Artisan Global Funds, with which certain Artisan employees are affiliated. Under the terms of these agreements, a fee is paid based on an annual percentage of the average daily net assets of each fund ranging from 0.75% to 1.85%. Artisan reimburses each sub-fund of Artisan Global Funds to the extent that sub-fund’s annual expenses, not including Artisan’s fee, exceed certain levels, which range from 0.10% to 0.20%. In addition, Artisan may voluntarily waive fees or reimburse any of the Artisan Global Funds for other expenses. The directors of Artisan Global Funds who are also employees of Artisan receive no compensation from the funds.
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Investment advisory fees for managing Artisan Global Funds and amounts reimbursed to Artisan Global Funds by Artisan are as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Artisan Global Funds | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Investment advisory fees (Gross of expense reimbursements) | $ | 10,887 |  |  | $ | 8,176 |  |  |  |  |
Elimination of fees from consolidated investment products(1) | (18) |  |  | (13) |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated investment advisory fees (Gross of expense reimbursements) | $ | 10,869 |  |  | $ | 8,163 |  |  |  |  |
Expense reimbursements | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  |  |  |
Elimination of expense reimbursements from consolidated investment products (1) | (83) |  |  | (48) |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated expense reimbursements | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  |  |  |
(1) Investment advisory fees and expense reimbursements related to consolidated investment products are eliminated from revenue upon consolidation.

Affiliate transactions—Artisan Private Funds
Pursuant to written agreements, Artisan serves as the investment manager, and acts as the general partner, for certain Artisan Private Funds. Under the terms of these agreements, Artisan earns a management fee and for certain funds is entitled to receive either an allocation of profits or a performance-based fee. In addition, for a period of time following the formation of each private fund, Artisan has agreed to reimburse the fund to the extent that expenses, excluding Artisan’s management fee, performance fee and transaction related costs, exceed certain levels, which range from 0.10% to 1.00% per annum of the net assets of the fund. Artisan may also voluntarily waive fees or reimburse the funds for other expenses.
Artisan and certain related parties, including employees, officers and members of the Company’s Board have invested in one or more of the funds and currently do not pay a management fee, performance fee or incentive allocation.
Investment advisory fees for managing the Artisan Private Funds and amounts reimbursed to Artisan Private Funds by Artisan are as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Artisan Private Funds | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Investment advisory fees (Gross of expense reimbursements) | $ | 2,385 |  |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  |  |  |
Elimination of fees from consolidated investment products (1) | (111) |  |  | (51) |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated investment advisory fees (Gross of expense reimbursements) | $ | 2,274 |  |  | $ | 1,229 |  |  |  |  |
Expense reimbursements | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  |  |  |
Elimination of expense reimbursements from consolidated investment products (1) | (40) |  |  | (13) |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated expense reimbursements | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  |  |  |
(1) Investment advisory fees and expense reimbursements related to consolidated investment products are eliminated from revenue upon consolidation.

Note 15. Subsequent Events
Distributions and dividends
APAM, acting as the general partner of Artisan Partners Holdings, declared, effective April 27, 2021, a distribution by Artisan Partners Holdings of $57.1 million to holders of Artisan Partners Holdings partnership units, including APAM. The board of directors of APAM declared, effective April 27, 2021, a quarterly dividend of $0.88 per share of Class A common stock. The APAM dividend is payable on May 28, 2021, to shareholders of record as of May 14, 2021.
TRA Payments
On April 15, 2021 the Company made a payment of $23.8 million under the tax receivable agreements representing a portion of the Company's estimated total 2021 TRA payments.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
We are an investment management firm focused on providing high-value added, active investment strategies to sophisticated clients globally. As of March 31, 2021, our nine autonomous investment teams managed a total of 20 investment strategies across multiple asset classes and investment styles. Over our firm’s history, we have created new investment strategies that can use a broad array of securities, instruments, and techniques (which we call degrees of freedom) to differentiate returns and manage risk.
We focus our distribution efforts on sophisticated investors and asset allocators, including institutions and intermediaries that operate with institutional-like decision-making processes. We offer our investment strategies to clients and investors through multiple investment vehicles, including separate accounts and different types of pooled vehicles. As of March 31, 2021, approximately 78% of our assets under management were managed for clients and investors domiciled in the U.S. and 22% of our assets under management were managed for clients and investors domiciled outside of the U.S.
As a high-value added investment manager we expect that long-term investment performance will be the primary driver of our long-term business and financial results. If we maintain and evolve existing investment strategies and launch new investment strategies that meet the needs of and generate attractive outcomes for sophisticated asset allocators, we believe that we will continue to generate strong business and financial results.
Over shorter time periods, changes in our business and financial results are largely driven by market conditions and fluctuations in our assets under management that may not necessarily be the result of our long-term investment performance or the long-term demand for our strategies. For this reason, we expect that our business and financial results will be lumpy over time.
We strive to maintain a financial model that is transparent and predictable. Currently, we derive nearly all of our revenues from investment management fees, most of which are based on a specified percentage of clients’ average assets under management. A majority of our expenses, including most of our compensation expense, vary directly with changes in our revenues. We invest thoughtfully to support our investment teams and future growth, while also paying out to stockholders and partners a majority of the cash that we generate from operations through distributions and dividends.
Business and financial highlights for the quarter included:
•On March 1, 2021, we launched the Artisan China Post-Venture Strategy.
•During the three months ended March 31, 2021, our assets under management increased to $162.9 billion, an increase of $5.1 billion, or 3%, compared to $157.8 billion at December 31, 2020, as a result of $3.7 billion of investment returns and $1.4 billion of net client cash inflows.
•Average assets under management for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $162.9 billion, an increase of 43% from the average of $113.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and an increase of 12% from the average of $145.0 billion for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
•We earned $290.7 million in revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021, an increase of 43% from revenues of $202.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
•Our operating margin was 41.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to 35.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
•We generated $1.19 of earnings per basic and diluted share and $1.13 of adjusted EPS.
•We declared and distributed dividends of $1.28 per share of Class A common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
•We declared, effective April 27, 2021, a quarterly dividend of $0.88 per share of Class A common stock.
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COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the manner in which we operate. As of the date of this filing, the majority of our employees are working from home and our employees have significantly reduced business travel. Additionally, many third-party vendors on whom we rely for certain critical functions are also operating in remote environments. Given the continued uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, it is difficult to predict how long such remote working conditions and reduced business travel will last. We expect most operating costs to return to pre-COVID-19 levels when employees fully return to the office and resume business travel.
We believe we are operating well under these circumstances, benefiting from the flexible and highly mobile operating environment we have built over 25 years. However, market volatility, as well as changes in our operations and those of our key vendors, may result in increased client redemptions; inefficiencies, delays and decreased communication; and an increase in the number and significance of operational and trade errors. In addition, we do not know what, if any, longer-term impact the current operating circumstances (and/or the extension of them) will have on our business and results.
Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
Our operations are conducted through Artisan Partners Holdings (“Holdings”) and its subsidiaries. On March 12, 2013, Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. (“APAM”) and Artisan Partners Holdings LP completed a series of transactions (“the IPO Reorganization”) to reorganize their capital structures in connection with the initial public offering (“IPO”) of APAM’s Class A common stock. The IPO Reorganization and IPO were completed on March 12, 2013. The IPO Reorganization was designed to create a capital structure that preserves our ability to conduct our business through Holdings, while permitting us to raise additional capital and provide access to liquidity through a public company.
Our employees and other limited partners of Holdings held approximately 18% of the equity interests in Holdings as of March 31, 2021. As a result, our results reflect that significant noncontrolling interest.
We operate our business in a single segment.
2021 Follow-On Offering and Holdings Unit Exchanges
On March 1, 2021, the Company sold 963,614 shares of Class A common stock in an underwritten offering and utilized all of the proceeds to purchase an aggregate of 963,614 common units from certain limited partners of Holdings. In connection with the offering, APAM received 963,614 GP units of Holdings.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, certain limited partners of Holdings exchanged 136,679 common units (along with a corresponding number of shares of Class B or Class C common stock of APAM) for 136,679 shares of Class A common stock. In connection with the exchanges, APAM received 136,679 GP units of Holdings.
APAM’s equity ownership interest in Holdings increased from 80% at December 31, 2020 to 82% at March 31, 2021, as a result of these transactions and other equity transactions during the period.
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Financial Overview
Economic Environment
Global equity and debt market conditions materially affect our financial performance. The following table presents the total returns of relevant market indices for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
S&P 500 total returns | 6.2 | % |  | (19.6) | % |  |  |  |
MSCI All Country World total returns | 4.6 | % |  | (21.4) | % |  |  |  |
MSCI EAFE total returns | 3.5 | % |  | (22.8) | % |  |  |  |
Russell Midcap® total returns | 8.1 | % |  | (27.1) | % |  |  |  |
MSCI Emerging Markets Index | 2.3 | % |  | (23.6) | % |  |  |  |
ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Master II Total Return Index | 0.9 | % |  | (13.1) | % |  |  |  |

Key Performance Indicators
When we review our business and financial performance we consider, among other things, the following:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
| (unaudited; dollars in millions) |  |  |  |
Assets under management at period end | $ | 162,883 |  |  | $ | 95,224 |  |  |  |  |
Average assets under management (1) | $ | 162,907 |  |  | $ | 113,802 |  |  |  |  |
Net client cash flows (2) | $ | 1,403 |  |  | $ | (418) |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | $ | 290.7 |  |  | $ | 202.8 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average management fee (3) | 70.8 | bps |  | 70.7 | bps |  |  |  |
Operating margin | 41.9 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  |  |  |
(1) We compute average assets under management by averaging day-end assets under management for the applicable period.
(2) Net client cash flows excludes Artisan Funds' income and capital gain distributions that were not reinvested. Prior period net client cash flows have been recast to exclude Artisan Funds' distributions.
(3) We compute our weighted average management fee by dividing annualized investment management fees (which excludes performance fees) by average assets under management for the applicable period. The weighted average management fee for prior periods have been recast to exclude performance fee revenue.

Investment advisory fees and assets under management within our consolidated investment products are excluded from the weighted average fee calculations and from total revenues, since any such revenues are eliminated upon consolidation. Assets under management within Artisan Private Funds are included in the reported firm-wide, separate account, and institutional assets under management figures reported below.
Assets Under Management and Investment Performance
Changes to our operating results from one period to another are primarily caused by changes in the amount of our assets under management. Changes in the relative composition of our assets under management among our investment strategies and vehicles and the effective fee rates on our products also impact our operating results.
The amount and composition of our assets under management are, and will continue to be, influenced by a variety of factors including, among others:
•investment performance, including fluctuations in both the financial markets and foreign currency exchange rates and the quality of our investment decisions;
•flows of client assets into and out of our various strategies and investment vehicles;
•our decision to close strategies or limit the growth of assets in a strategy or a vehicle when we believe it is in the best interest of our clients; as well as our decision to re-open strategies, in part or entirely;
•our ability to attract and retain qualified investment, management, and marketing and client service professionals;
•industry trends towards products, strategies, vehicles, or services that we do not offer;
•competitive conditions in the investment management and broader financial services sectors; and
•investor sentiment and confidence.
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The table below sets forth changes in our total assets under management:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Period-to-Period
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
| (unaudited; in millions) |  |  |  |
Beginning assets under management | $ | 157,776 |  |  | $ | 121,016 |  |  | $ | 36,760 |  |  | 30.4 | %
Gross client cash inflows | 10,107 |  |  | 7,079 |  |  | 3,028 |  |  | 42.8 | %
Gross client cash outflows | (8,704) |  |  | (7,497) |  |  | (1,207) |  |  | (16.1) | %
Net client cash flows (1) | 1,403 |  |  | (418) |  |  | 1,821 |  |  | 435.6 | %
Artisan Funds' distributions not reinvested (2) | (37) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (19.4) | %
Investment returns and other (3) | 3,741 |  |  | (25,343) |  |  | 29,084 |  |  | 114.8 | %
Ending assets under management | $ | 162,883 |  |  | $ | 95,224 |  |  | $ | 67,659 |  |  | 71.1 | %
Average assets under management | $ | 162,907 |  |  | $ | 113,802 |  |  | $ | 49,105 |  |  | 43.1 | %
(1) Net client cash flows excludes Artisan Funds' income and capital gain distributions that were not reinvested. Prior period net client cash flows have been recast to exclude Artisan Funds' distributions.
(2) Artisan Funds' distributions not reinvested represents the amount of income and capital gain distributions that were not reinvested in the Artisan Funds, including in the Artisan High Income Fund.
(3) Includes the impact of translating the value of assets under management denominated in non-USD currencies into US dollars. The impact was immaterial for the periods presented.

During the quarter, our AUM increased by $5.1 billion due to $3.7 billion in investment returns and $1.4 billion of net client cash inflows. 14 of our 20 investment strategies had net inflows, totaling $3.5 billion. Our ten strategies with inception dates beginning in 2014 or later had $2.3 billion in net inflows. We expect those strategies as a group to continue to experience net inflows.
Our US Mid-Cap Growth, Non-US Growth, Global Opportunities, US Mid-Cap Value, Value Equity, and Global Value strategies had a total of $2.1 billion of net outflows during the quarter, which partially offset the net inflows described above.
Over the long-term, we expect to generate the majority of our AUM growth through investment returns, which has been our historical experience.
We monitor the availability of attractive investment opportunities relative to the amount of assets we manage in each of our investment strategies. When appropriate, we will close a strategy to new investors or otherwise take action to slow or restrict its growth, even though our aggregate assets under management may be negatively impacted in the short term. We may also re-open a strategy, widely or selectively, to fill available capacity or manage the diversification of our client base in that strategy. We believe that management of our investment capacity protects our ability to manage assets successfully, which protects the interests of our clients and, in the long term, protects our ability to retain client assets and maintain our profit margins.
As of the date of this filing, our US Small-Cap Growth and Global Opportunities strategies have limited availability to most new client relationships. On April 30, 2021, our High Income strategy will limit new client investments in the Artisan High Income Fund. The High Income strategy remains open to new client relationships in other offered vehicles.
When we close or otherwise restrict the growth of a strategy, we typically continue to allow additional investments in the strategy by existing clients and certain related entities. We may also permit new investments by other eligible investors in our discretion. As a result, during a given period we may have net client cash inflows in a closed strategy. However, when a strategy is closed or its growth is restricted we expect there to be periods of net client cash outflows.
The unaudited table on the following page sets forth the average annual total returns for each composite (gross of fees) and its respective broad-based benchmark (and style benchmark, if applicable) over a multi-horizon time period as of March 31, 2021. Returns for periods less than one year are not annualized.
We measure investment performance based upon the results of our “composites”, which represent the aggregate performance of all discretionary client accounts, including pooled investment vehicles, invested in the same strategy except those accounts with respect to which we believe client-imposed investment restrictions may have a material impact on portfolio construction and those accounts managed in a currency other than U.S. dollars. The results of these excluded accounts, which represented approximately 10% of our assets under management at March 31, 2021, are maintained in separate composites the results of which are not included below.
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average Annual Value-Added(1) Since Inception (bps)
| Composite Inception |  | Strategy AUM |  | Average Annual Total Returns (Gross) (%) |
Investment Team and Strategy | Date |  | (in $MM) |  | 1 YR | 3 YR | 5 YR | 10 YR | Inception |
Growth Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global Opportunities Strategy | 2/1/2007 |  | $ | 25,470 |  |  | 59.48% | 19.39% | 19.82% | 15.06% | 12.77% |  | 631
MSCI All Country World Index |  |  |  |  | 54.60% | 12.06% | 13.21% | 9.14% | 6.46% |  |
Global Discovery Strategy | 9/1/2017 |  | $ | 2,080 |  |  | 66.65% | 24.46% | --- | --- | 23.79% |  | 1,176
MSCI All Country World Index |  |  |  |  | 54.60% | 12.06% | --- | --- | 12.03% |  |
US Mid-Cap Growth Strategy | 4/1/1997 |  | $ | 16,512 |  |  | 76.97% | 26.89% | 22.40% | 16.12% | 16.51% |  | 602
Russell Midcap® Index |  |  |  |  | 73.64% | 14.72% | 14.67% | 12.46% | 10.91% |  |
Russell Midcap® Growth Index |  |  |  |  | 68.61% | 19.39% | 18.38% | 14.10% | 10.49% |  |
US Small-Cap Growth Strategy | 4/1/1995 |  | $ | 6,402 |  |  | 82.14% | 28.30% | 27.19% | 18.08% | 12.70% |  | 369
Russell 2000® Index |  |  |  |  | 94.85% | 14.75% | 16.34% | 11.67% | 10.05% |  |
Russell 2000® Growth Index |  |  |  |  | 90.20% | 17.15% | 18.60% | 13.01% | 9.01% |  |
Global Equity Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global Equity Strategy | 4/1/2010 |  | $ | 2,949 |  |  | 53.32% | 17.44% | 18.65% | 14.21% | 14.36% |  | 478
MSCI All Country World Index |  |  |  |  | 54.60% | 12.06% | 13.21% | 9.14% | 9.58% |  |
Non-US Growth Strategy | 1/1/1996 |  | $ | 21,208 |  |  | 38.21% | 8.68% | 10.08% | 8.29% | 10.22% |  | 511
MSCI EAFE Index |  |  |  |  | 44.57% | 6.02% | 8.84% | 5.52% | 5.11% |  |
Non-US Small-Mid Growth Strategy | 1/1/2019 |  | $ | 8,113 |  |  | 69.72% | --- | --- | --- | 31.56% |  | 1,438
MSCI All Country World Index Ex USA Small Mid Cap |  |  |  |  | 62.05% | --- | --- | --- | 17.18% |  |
China Post-Venture Strategy(2) | 4/1/2021 |  | $ | 56 |  |  | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | —
MSCI China SMID Cap Index |  |  |  |  | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  |
US Value Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Value Equity Strategy | 7/1/2005 |  | $ | 3,672 |  |  | 72.29% | 13.40% | 14.35% | 11.52% | 9.37% |  | 133
Russell 1000® Index |  |  |  |  | 60.59% | 17.29% | 16.65% | 13.96% | 10.38% |  |
Russell 1000® Value Index |  |  |  |  | 56.09% | 10.95% | 11.73% | 10.98% | 8.04% |  |
US Mid-Cap Value Strategy | 4/1/1999 |  | $ | 4,041 |  |  | 88.59% | 11.22% | 12.24% | 10.36% | 12.93% |  | 291
Russell Midcap® Index |  |  |  |  | 73.64% | 14.72% | 14.67% | 12.46% | 10.18% |  |
Russell Midcap® Value Index |  |  |  |  | 73.76% | 10.69% | 11.59% | 11.05% | 10.02% |  |
International Value Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
International Value Strategy | 7/1/2002 |  | $ | 26,995 |  |  | 63.26% | 9.68% | 11.10% | 9.86% | 12.11% |  | 566
MSCI EAFE Index |  |  |  |  | 44.57% | 6.02% | 8.84% | 5.52% | 6.45% |  |
International Small Cap Value | 11/1/2020 |  | $ | 18 |  |  | --- | --- | --- | --- | 34.84% |  | 630
MSCI All Country World Index Ex USA Small Cap |  |  |  |  | --- | --- | --- | --- | 28.54% |  |
Global Value Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global Value Strategy | 7/1/2007 |  | $ | 24,446 |  |  | 67.53% | 9.95% | 12.04% | 11.70% | 9.20% |  | 319
MSCI All Country World Index |  |  |  |  | 54.60% | 12.06% | 13.21% | 9.14% | 6.01% |  |
Select Equity Strategy | 3/1/2020 |  | $ | 22 |  |  | 66.49% | --- | --- | --- | 31.45% |  | (225)
S&P 500 Market Index |  |  |  |  | 56.35% | --- | --- | --- | 33.70% |  |
Sustainable Emerging Markets Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sustainable Emerging Markets Strategy | 7/1/2006 |  | $ | 735 |  |  | 67.94% | 8.30% | 15.03% | 4.63% | 7.22% |  | 85
MSCI Emerging Markets Index |  |  |  |  | 58.39% | 6.47% | 12.06% | 3.65% | 6.37% |  |
Credit Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
High Income Strategy | 4/1/2014 |  | $ | 6,905 |  |  | 31.54% | 8.89% | 10.25% | --- | 8.12% |  | 282
ICE BofA US High Yield Master II Total Return Index |  |  |  |  | 23.31% | 6.52% | 7.93% | --- | 5.30% |  |
Credit Opportunities Strategy | 7/1/2017 |  | $ | 105 |  |  | 58.53% | 14.34% | --- | --- | 14.66% |  | 905
ICE BofA US High Yield Master II Total Return Index |  |  |  |  | 23.31% | 6.52% | --- | --- | 5.61% |  |
Developing World Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Developing World Strategy | 7/1/2015 |  | $ | 9,255 |  |  | 94.54% | 29.81% | 26.43% | --- | 21.05% |  | 1,321
MSCI Emerging Markets Index |  |  |  |  | 58.39% | 6.47% | 12.06% | --- | 7.84% |  |

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Antero Peak Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Antero Peak Strategy | 5/1/2017 |  | $ | 2,918 |  |  | 56.12% | 23.32% | --- | --- | 27.68% |  | 1,156
S&P 500 Market Index |  |  |  |  | 56.35% | 16.76% | --- | --- | 16.12% |  |
Antero Peak Hedge Strategy | 11/1/2017 |  | $ | 981 |  |  | 40.58% | 17.69% | --- | --- | 19.09% |  | 336
S&P 500 Market Index |  |  |  |  | 56.35% | 16.76% | --- | --- | 15.73% |  |
Total Assets Under Management |  |  | $ | 162,883 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) Value-added is the amount in basis points by which the average annual gross composite return of each of our strategies has outperformed or underperformed the benchmark most commonly used by our separate account clients to compare the performance of the relevant strategy. The benchmark most commonly used by clients in the US Mid-Cap Growth, US Small-Cap Growth, Value Equity and US Mid-Cap Value strategies is the style benchmark and for all other strategies is the broad market benchmark. Reporting on this metric prior to September 30, 2020, compared all composite performance to the broad benchmark. Value-added for periods less than one year is not annualized. The Artisan High Income and Credit Opportunities strategies hold loans and other security types that are not included in the ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Master II Total Return Index. At times, this causes material differences in relative performance. The Antero Peak and Antero Peak Hedge strategies' investments in initial public offerings (IPOs) made a material contribution to performance. IPO investments may contribute significantly to a small portfolio’s return, an effect that will generally decrease as assets grow. IPO investments may be unavailable in the future.
(2) The China Post-Venture strategy composite performance began on April 1, 2021. As a result, there is not a performance track record as of March 31, 2021.

The tables below set forth changes in our assets under management by investment team:

|  |  | By Investment Team
Three Months Ended |  | Growth | Global Equity | US Value | International Value | Global Value | Sustainable Emerging Markets | Credit | Developing World | Antero Peak Group | Total
March 31, 2021 |  |  | (unaudited; in millions)
Beginning assets under management |  | $ | 52,685 |  | $ | 32,056 |  | $ | 7,149 |  | $ | 24,123 |  | $ | 22,417 |  | $ | 679 |  | $ | 6,338 |  | $ | 8,853 |  | $ | 3,476 |  | $ | 157,776 |
Gross client cash inflows |  | 2,157 |  | 1,524 |  | 90 |  | 2,318 |  | 1,230 |  | 71 |  | 920 |  | 1,360 |  | 437 |  | 10,107 |
Gross client cash outflows |  | (3,123) |  | (1,197) |  | (445) |  | (1,514) |  | (1,283) |  | (16) |  | (361) |  | (678) |  | (87) |  | (8,704) |
Net client cash flows (1) |  | (966) |  | 327 |  | (355) |  | 804 |  | (53) |  | 55 |  | 559 |  | 682 |  | 350 |  | 1,403 |
Artisan Funds' distributions not reinvested (2) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (37) |  | — |  | — |  | (37) |
Investment returns and other |  | (1,255) |  | (57) |  | 919 |  | 2,086 |  | 2,104 |  | 1 |  | 150 |  | (280) |  | 73 |  | 3,741 |
Ending assets under management |  | $ | 50,464 |  | $ | 32,326 |  | $ | 7,713 |  | $ | 27,013 |  | $ | 24,468 |  | $ | 735 |  | $ | 7,010 |  | $ | 9,255 |  | $ | 3,899 |  | $ | 162,883 |
Average assets under management |  | $ | 53,049 |  | $ | 32,541 |  | $ | 7,426 |  | $ | 25,842 |  | $ | 23,147 |  | $ | 744 |  | $ | 6,737 |  | $ | 9,643 |  | $ | 3,778 |  | $ | 162,907 |
March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning assets under management |  | $ | 34,793 |  | $ | 27,860 |  | $ | 7,402 |  | $ | 22,000 |  | $ | 19,707 |  | $ | 234 |  | $ | 3,850 |  | $ | 3,374 |  | $ | 1,796 |  | $ | 121,016 |
Gross client cash inflows |  | 1,420 |  | 1,310 |  | 441 |  | 1,273 |  | 640 |  | 282 |  | 632 |  | 588 |  | 493 |  | 7,079 |
Gross client cash outflows |  | (2,157) |  | (1,346) |  | (686) |  | (1,404) |  | (840) |  | (4) |  | (625) |  | (310) |  | (125) |  | (7,497) |
Net client cash flows (1) |  | (737) |  | (36) |  | (245) |  | (131) |  | (200) |  | 278 |  | 7 |  | 278 |  | 368 |  | (418) |
Artisan Funds' distributions not reinvested (2) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (31) |  | — |  | — |  | (31) |
Investment returns and other |  | (4,365) |  | (5,800) |  | (2,184) |  | (5,974) |  | (5,806) |  | (135) |  | (514) |  | (286) |  | (279) |  | (25,343) |
Ending assets under management |  | $ | 29,691 |  | $ | 22,024 |  | $ | 4,973 |  | $ | 15,895 |  | $ | 13,701 |  | $ | 377 |  | $ | 3,312 |  | $ | 3,366 |  | $ | 1,885 |  | $ | 95,224 |
Average assets under management |  | $ | 33,702 |  | $ | 26,218 |  | $ | 6,337 |  | $ | 20,054 |  | $ | 17,963 |  | $ | 352 |  | $ | 3,754 |  | $ | 3,492 |  | $ | 1,930 |  | $ | 113,802 |
(1) Net client cash flows excludes Artisan Funds' income and capital gain distributions that were not reinvested. Prior period net client cash flows have been recast to exclude Artisan Funds' distributions.
(2) Artisan Funds' distributions not reinvested represents the amount of income and capital gain distributions that were not reinvested in the Artisan Funds, including in the Artisan High Income Fund.

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The goal of our marketing, distribution and client services efforts is to establish and maintain a client base that is diversified by investment strategy, investment vehicle and distribution channel. As distribution channels have evolved to have more institutional-like decision making processes and longer-term investment horizons, we have expanded our distribution efforts into those areas.
The table below sets forth our assets under management by distribution channel (1):

| As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of March 31, 2020
| $ in millions |  | % of total |  | $ in millions |  | % of total
| (unaudited) |  |  |  | (unaudited) |  |
Institutional | $ | 104,152 |  |  | 63.9 | % |  | $ | 63,397 |  |  | 66.6 | %
Intermediary | 51,609 |  |  | 31.7 | % |  | 27,868 |  |  | 29.3 | %
Retail | 7,122 |  |  | 4.4 | % |  | 3,959 |  |  | 4.1 | %
Ending Assets Under Management | $ | 162,883 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 95,224 |  |  | 100.0 | %
(1) The allocation of assets under management by distribution channel involves the use of estimates and the exercise of judgment.

Our institutional channel includes assets under management sourced from defined contribution plan clients, which made up approximately 11% of our total assets under management as of March 31, 2021.
The following tables set forth the changes in our assets under management for Artisan Funds and Artisan Global Funds in the aggregate, and separate accounts:

Three Months Ended | Artisan Funds & Artisan Global Funds |  | Separate Accounts (1) |  | Total
March 31, 2021 | (unaudited; in millions)
Beginning assets under management | $ | 74,746 |  |  | $ | 83,030 |  |  | $ | 157,776 |
Gross client cash inflows | 7,601 |  |  | 2,506 |  |  | 10,107 |
Gross client cash outflows | (5,021) |  |  | (3,683) |  |  | (8,704) |
Net client cash flows (2) | 2,580 |  |  | (1,177) |  |  | 1,403 |
Artisan Funds' distributions not reinvested (3) | (37) |  |  | — |  |  | (37) |
Investment returns and other | 1,537 |  |  | 2,204 |  |  | 3,741 |
Net transfers (4) | (37) |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Ending assets under management | $ | 78,789 |  |  | $ | 84,094 |  |  | $ | 162,883 |
Average assets under management | $ | 78,311 |  |  | $ | 84,596 |  |  | $ | 162,907 |
March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
Beginning assets under management | $ | 57,288 |  |  | $ | 63,728 |  |  | $ | 121,016 |
Gross client cash inflows | 4,725 |  |  | 2,354 |  |  | 7,079 |
Gross client cash outflows | (5,544) |  |  | (1,953) |  |  | (7,497) |
Net client cash flows (2) | (819) |  |  | 401 |  |  | (418) |
Artisan Funds' distributions not reinvested (3) | (31) |  |  | — |  |  | (31) |
Investment returns and other | (11,947) |  |  | (13,396) |  |  | (25,343) |
Net transfers (4) | (65) |  |  | 65 |  |  | — |
Ending assets under management | $ | 44,426 |  |  | $ | 50,798 |  |  | $ | 95,224 |
Average assets under management | $ | 53,775 |  |  | $ | 60,027 |  |  | $ | 113,802 |
(1) Separate account AUM consists of the assets we manage in or through vehicles other than Artisan Funds or Artisan Global Funds. Separate account AUM includes assets we manage in traditional separate accounts, as well as assets we manage in Artisan-branded collective investment trusts and in Artisan Private Funds.
(2) Net client cash flows excludes Artisan Funds’ income and capital gain distributions that were not reinvested. Prior period net client cash flows have been recast to exclude Artisan Funds’ distributions.
(3) Artisan Funds’ distributions not reinvested represents the amount of income and capital gain distributions that were not reinvested in the Artisan Funds, including in the Artisan High Income Fund.
(4) Net transfers represent certain amounts that we have identified as having been transferred out of one investment strategy, investment vehicle or account and into another strategy, vehicle or account.

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Results of Operations
Three months ended March 31, 2021, Compared to Three months ended March 31, 2020

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  | For the Period-to-Period
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
Statements of operations data: | (unaudited; in millions, except share and per-share data)
Revenues | $ | 290.7 |  |  | $ | 202.8 |  |  | $ | 87.9 |  |  | 43 | %
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total compensation and benefits | 139.5 |  |  | 104.7 |  |  | 34.8 |  |  | 33 | %
Other operating expenses | 29.4 |  |  | 27.1 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 8 | %
Total operating expenses | 168.9 |  |  | 131.8 |  |  | 37.1 |  |  | 28 | %
Total operating income | 121.8 |  |  | 71.0 |  |  | 50.8 |  |  | 72 | %
Non-operating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (2.7) |  |  | (2.7) |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Other non-operating income | 7.1 |  |  | (15.2) |  |  | 22.3 |  |  | 147 | %
Total non-operating income (expense) | 4.4 |  |  | (17.9) |  |  | 22.3 |  |  | 125 | %
Income before income taxes | 126.2 |  |  | 53.1 |  |  | 73.1 |  |  | 138 | %
Provision for income taxes | 21.6 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 127 | %
Net income before noncontrolling interests | 104.6 |  |  | 43.6 |  |  | 61.0 |  |  | 140 | %
Less: Noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | 23.6 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | 47 | %
Less: Noncontrolling interests - consolidated investment products | 3.7 |  |  | (7.3) |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | 151 | %
Net income attributable to Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. | $ | 77.3 |  |  | $ | 34.8 |  |  | $ | 42.5 |  |  | 122 | %
Share Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 58,758,284 |  |  | 53,265,479 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding | 58,773,269 |  |  | 53,265,479 |  |  |  |  |

Investment Advisory Revenues
Essentially all of our revenues consist of fees earned from managing clients’ assets. Our investment advisory fees, which are comprised of management fees and performance fees, fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the total value of our assets under management, the composition of assets under management among investment vehicles and our investment strategies, changes in the investment management fee rates on our products, the extent to which we enter into fee arrangements that differ from our standard fee schedules, which can be affected by custom and the competitive landscape in the relevant market, and, for the accounts on which we earn performance fees, the investment performance of those accounts.
Approximately 3% of our $162.9 billion of assets under management as of March 31, 2021 have performance fee billing arrangements. Performance fees of $6.7 million were recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $2.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The increase in revenues of $87.9 million, or 43%, for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, was driven primarily by a $49.1 billion, or 43%, increase in our average assets under management. The weighted average investment management fee, which excludes performance fees, was 70.8 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 70.7 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
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The following table sets forth the investment advisory fees and weighted average management fee earned by investment vehicle. The weighted average management fee for Artisan Funds and Artisan Global Funds reflects the additional services we provide to these pooled vehicles.

| Separate Accounts |  | Artisan Funds and Artisan Global Funds
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (unaudited; dollars in millions)
Investment advisory fees | $ | 114.0 |  |  | $ | 80.0 |  |  | $ | 176.7 |  |  | $ | 122.8 |
Weighted average management fee(1) | 51.5 bps |  | 51.7 bps |  | 91.5 bps |  | 91.8 bps
Percentage of ending AUM | 52 | % |  | 53 | % |  | 48 | % |  | 47 | %
(1) We compute our weighted average management fee by dividing annualized management fees (which excludes performance fees) by average assets under management for the applicable period. The weighted average management fee for prior periods have been recast to exclude performance fee revenue.

Separate account assets under management consist of the assets we manage in or through vehicles other than Artisan Funds or Artisan Global Funds, including assets we manage in traditional separate accounts, as well as assets we manage in Artisan-branded collective investment trusts and in Artisan Private Funds.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses increased $37.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily as a result of higher incentive compensation and third-party distribution expense related to increased revenues and increases in other compensation and benefits expenses.
Compensation and Benefits

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Period-to-Period
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
| (unaudited; in millions) |  |
Salaries, incentive compensation and benefits(1) | $ | 128.4 |  |  | $ | 95.5 |  |  | $ | 32.9 |  |  | 34 | %
Long-term incentive compensation awards | 11.1 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 21 | %
Total compensation and benefits | $ | 139.5 |  |  | $ | 104.7 |  |  | $ | 34.8 |  |  | 33 | %
(1) Excluding long-term incentive compensation awards |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The increase in salaries, incentive compensation, and benefits was driven primarily by a $28.1 million increase in quarterly incentive compensation for our investment and marketing professionals as a result of the increase in revenue.
Long-term incentive compensation award expense increased $1.9 million, as the awards granted during 2020 and 2021 had a higher value than the awards that became fully vested in 2020 and 2021. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company's board of directors approved a grant of $79.4 million of long-term incentive awards consisting of $44.4 million of restricted share-based awards and $35.0 million of long-term cash awards. Long-term incentive compensation award expense for all outstanding awards is expected to be approximately $11 million per quarter in 2021, excluding the impact of investment returns.
During the first quarter of 2021, we made our first award of franchise capital awards to investment professionals in lieu of additional grants of restricted share-based awards. We designed the franchise capital awards as an added feature to our long-term incentive program to enhance the alignment between our investment professionals and clients, and to provide investment professionals with greater control over their long-term economic outcome. Franchise capital awards are cash awards that are subject to the same long-term vesting and forfeiture provisions as our restricted share-based awards. Prior to vesting, though, the franchise capital awards will generally be invested in one or more of the investment strategies managed by the award recipient’s investment team.
Total compensation and benefits was 48% and 52% of our revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The percentage decreased as revenue increased at a higher rate than compensation and benefits.
Other operating expenses
Other operating expenses increased $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to an increase in third-party distribution expense as a result of an increase in AUM subject to those fees and an increase in professional fees. Those increases were partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease in travel and entertainment expenses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Non-Operating Income (Expense)
Non-operating income (expense) consisted of the following:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Period-to-Period
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ |  | %
| (unaudited; in millions) |  |
Interest expense | $ | (2.7) |  |  | $ | (2.7) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
Net investment gain (loss) of consolidated investment products | 6.9 |  |  | (12.9) |  |  | 19.8 |  |  | 153 | %
Other investment gain (loss) | 0.2 |  |  | (2.3) |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 109 | %
Total non-operating income (expense) | $ | 4.4 |  |  | $ | (17.9) |  |  | $ | 22.3 |  |  | 125 | %

Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes primarily represents APAM’s U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on its allocable portion of Holdings’ income, as well as foreign income taxes payable by Holdings’ subsidiaries. APAM’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was 17.1% and 17.8%, respectively. Several factors contribute to the effective tax rate, including a rate benefit attributable to the fact that approximately 20% and 26% of Holdings’ full year projected taxable earnings were not subject to corporate-level taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Thus, income before income taxes includes amounts that are attributable to noncontrolling interests and not taxable to APAM and its subsidiaries, which reduces the effective tax rate. As APAM’s equity ownership in Holdings increases, the effective tax rate will likewise increase as more income will be subject to corporate-level taxes. The effective tax rate was favorably impacted in both periods due to tax deductible dividends paid on unvested restricted share-based awards and by the tax deduction related to the vesting of restricted share-based awards.
Earnings Per Share
Weighted average basic and diluted shares of Class A common stock outstanding were higher for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, as a result of stock offerings, unit exchanges, and equity award grants. See Note 12, “Earnings Per Share” in the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of earnings per share.
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Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Information
Our management uses non-GAAP measures (referred to as “adjusted” measures) of net income to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of the underlying operations of our business and as a factor when considering net income available for distributions and dividends. These adjusted measures remove the impact of (1) net gain (loss) on the tax receivable agreements (if any), (2) compensation expense related to market valuation changes in compensation plans, and (3) net investment gain (loss) of investment products. These adjustments also remove the non-operational complexities of our structure by adding back noncontrolling interests and assuming all income of Artisan Partners Holdings is allocated to APAM. Management believes these non-GAAP measures provide more meaningful information to analyze our profitability and efficiency between periods and over time. We have included these non-GAAP measures to provide investors with the same financial metrics used by management to manage the Company.
Non-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our non-GAAP measures may differ from similar measures used by other companies, even if similar terms are used to identify such measures. Our non-GAAP measures are as follows:
•Adjusted net income represents net income excluding the impact of (1) net gain (loss) on the tax receivable agreements (if any), (2) compensation expense related to market valuation changes in compensation plans, and (3) net investment gain (loss) of investment products. Adjusted net income also reflects income taxes assuming the vesting of all unvested Class A share-based awards and as if all outstanding limited partnership units of Artisan Partners Holdings had been exchanged for Class A common stock of APAM on a one-for-one basis. Assuming full vesting and exchange, all income of Artisan Partners Holdings is treated as if it were allocated to APAM, and the adjusted provision for income taxes represents an estimate of income tax expense at an effective rate reflecting APAM's current federal, state, and local income statutory tax rates. The adjusted tax rate was 24.7% and 24.5% for the 2021 and 2020 periods presented, respectively.
•Adjusted net income per adjusted share is calculated by dividing adjusted net income by adjusted shares. The number of adjusted shares is derived by assuming the vesting of all unvested Class A share-based awards and the exchange of all outstanding limited partnership units of Artisan Partners Holdings for Class A common stock of APAM on a one-for-one basis.
•Adjusted operating income represents the operating income of the consolidated company excluding compensation expense related to market valuation changes in compensation plans.
•Adjusted operating margin is calculated by dividing adjusted operating income by total revenues.
•Adjusted EBITDA represents adjusted net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense.
Net gain (loss) on the tax receivable agreements represents the income (expense) associated with the change in estimate of amounts payable under the tax receivable agreements entered into in connection with APAM’s initial public offering and related reorganization.
Compensation expense related to market valuation changes in compensation plans represents the expense (income) associated with the change in the long term incentive award liability resulting from investment returns of the underlying investment products. Because the compensation expense impact of the investment market exposure is economically hedged, management believes it is useful to reflect the expected net income offset in the calculation of adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, and adjusted EBITDA. The related investment gain (loss) on the underlying investments is included in the adjustment for net investment gain (loss) of investment products.
Net investment gain (loss) of investment products represents the non-operating income (expense) related to the Company’s investments, in both consolidated investment products and nonconsolidated investment products, including investments held to economically hedge compensation plans. Excluding these non-operating market gains or losses on investments provides greater transparency to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of the underlying operations of the business.
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The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a reconciliation from GAAP financial measures to non-GAAP measures:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
| (unaudited; in millions, except per share data)
Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. (GAAP) | $ | 77.3 |  |  | $ | 34.8 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | 23.6 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Provision for income taxes | 21.6 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Compensation expense related to market valuation changes in compensation plans | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Net (gain) loss on the tax receivable agreements | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Net investment (gain) loss of investment products attributable to APAM | (3.3) |  |  | 8.1 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Adjusted provision for income taxes | 29.4 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net income (Non-GAAP) | $ | 89.8 |  |  | $ | 51.7 |  |  |  |  |
Average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Class A common shares | 58.7 |  |  | 53.3 |  |  |  |  |
Assumed vesting or exchange of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unvested Class A restricted share-based awards | 5.4 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  |  |  |
Artisan Partners Holdings units outstanding (noncontrolling interests) | 15.1 |  |  | 20.1 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted shares | 79.2 |  |  | 78.5 |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted earnings per share (GAAP) | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net income per adjusted share (Non-GAAP) | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (GAAP) | $ | 121.8 |  |  | $ | 71.0 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Compensation expense related to market valuation changes in compensation plans | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted operating income (Non-GAAP) | $ | 121.8 |  |  | $ | 71.0 |  |  |  |  |
Operating margin (GAAP) | 41.9 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted operating margin (Non-GAAP) | 41.9 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc. (GAAP) | $ | 77.3 |  |  | $ | 34.8 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests - Artisan Partners Holdings | 23.6 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Net (gain) loss on the tax receivable agreements | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Net investment (gain) loss of investment products attributable to APAM | (3.3) |  |  | 8.1 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Compensation expense related to market valuation changes in compensation plans | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Interest expense | 2.7 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Provision for income taxes | 21.6 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  |  |  |
Add back: Depreciation and amortization | 1.6 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) | $ | 123.5 |  |  | $ | 72.8 |  |  |  |  |

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our working capital needs, including accrued incentive compensation payments, have been and are expected to be met primarily through cash generated by our operations. The assets and liabilities of consolidated investment products attributable to third-party investors do not impact our liquidity and capital resources. We have no right to the benefits from, nor do we bear the risks associated with, the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment products, beyond our direct equity investment and any investment advisory fees earned. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of consolidated investment products attributable to third-party investors are excluded from the amounts and discussions below. The following table shows our liquidity position as of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| (unaudited; in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 215.8 |  |  | $ | 155.0 |
Accounts receivable | $ | 115.0 |  |  | $ | 99.9 |
Seed investments(1) | $ | 63.3 |  |  | $ | 62.6 |
Undrawn commitment on revolving credit facility | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |
(1) Seed investments include Artisan's direct equity investments in consolidated and nonconsolidated Artisan-sponsored investment products. The balance excludes $35.0 of investments made related to funded long-term incentive compensation plans.

We manage our cash balances in order to fund our day-to-day operations. Accounts receivable primarily represent investment advisory fees that have been earned, but not yet received from our clients. We perform a review of our receivables on a monthly basis to assess collectability. As of March 31, 2021, none of our receivables were considered uncollectible.
We utilize capital to make seed investments in Artisan-sponsored investment products to support the development of new investment strategies and vehicles. As of March 31, 2021, the balance of all seed investments, including investments in consolidated investment products, was $63.3 million. The seed investments are generally redeemable at our discretion.
We have $200 million in unsecured notes outstanding and a $100 million revolving credit facility with a five-year term ending August 2022. The notes are comprised of three series, Series C, Series D, and Series E, each with a balloon payment at maturity. The $100 million revolving credit facility was unused as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
The fixed interest rate on each series of unsecured notes is subject to a 100 basis point increase in the event Holdings receives a below-investment grade rating and any such increase will continue to apply until an investment grade rating is received.
These borrowings contain various covenants. Our failure to comply with any of the covenants could result in an event of default under the agreements, giving our lenders the ability to accelerate repayment of our obligations. We were in compliance with all debt covenants as of March 31, 2021.
Distributions and Dividends
Artisan Partners Holdings’ distributions, including distributions to APAM for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
|  | (unaudited, in millions)
Holdings Partnership Distributions to Limited Partners |  | $ | 11.9 |  |  | $ | 17.1 |  |  |  |  |
Holdings Partnership Distributions to APAM |  | 48.5 |  |  | 45.1 |  |  |  |  |
Total Holdings Partnership Distributions |  | $ | 60.4 |  |  | $ | 62.2 |  |  |  |  |

On April 27, 2021, we, acting as the general partner of Artisan Partners Holdings, declared a distribution of $57.1 million, payable by Artisan Partners Holdings to holders of its partnership units, including APAM.
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APAM declared and paid the following dividends per share during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

Type of Dividend |  | Class of Stock |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Quarterly |  | Class A Common |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  |  |  |
Special Annual |  | Class A Common |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  |  |  |

Our board of directors declared, effective April 27, 2021, a variable quarterly dividend of $0.88 per share of Class A common stock with respect to the March quarter of 2021, payable on May 28, 2021 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 14, 2021. The variable quarterly dividend represents approximately 80% of the cash generated in the March quarter of 2021 and a pro-rata portion of 2021 tax savings related to our tax receivable agreements.
Subject to Board approval each quarter, we currently expect to pay a quarterly dividend of approximately 80% of the cash the Company generates each quarter. We expect cash generation will generally equal adjusted net income plus long-term incentive compensation award expense, less cash reserved for future franchise capital awards (which we expect will approximate 4% of investment management revenues each quarter) with additional adjustments made for certain other sources and uses of cash, including capital expenditures. After the end of the year, our Board will consider paying a special dividend after determining the amount of cash needed for general corporate purposes and investments in growth and strategic initiatives. Although we expect to pay dividends according to our dividend policy, we may not pay dividends according to our policy or at all.
Tax Receivable Agreements (“TRAs”)
In addition to funding our normal operations, we will be required to fund amounts payable under the TRAs that we entered into in connection with the IPO, which resulted in the recognition of a $428.3 million liability as of March 31, 2021. The liability generally represents 85% of the tax benefits APAM expects to realize as a result of the merger of an entity into APAM as part of the IPO Reorganization, our purchase of partnership units from limited partners of Holdings and the exchange of partnership units (for shares of Class A common stock or other consideration). The estimated liability assumes no material changes in the relevant tax law and that APAM earns sufficient taxable income to realize all tax benefits subject to the TRAs. An increase or decrease in future tax rates will increase or decrease, respectively, the expected tax benefits APAM would realize and the amounts payable under the TRAs. Changes in the estimate of expected tax benefits APAM would realize and the amounts payable under the TRAs as a result of change in tax rates have been and will be recorded in net income.
The liability will increase upon future purchases or exchanges of limited partnership units with the increase representing amounts payable under the TRAs equal to 85% of the estimated future tax benefits, if any, resulting from such purchases or exchanges. We intend to fund the payment of amounts due under the TRAs out of the reduced tax payments that APAM realizes in respect of the tax attributes to which the TRAs relate.
The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under these agreements, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of sales or exchanges by the holders of limited partnership units, the price of the Class A common stock at the time of such sales or exchanges, whether such sales or exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of the taxable income APAM generates in the future and the tax rate then applicable and the portion of APAM’s payments under the TRAs constituting imputed interest or depreciable basis or amortizable basis. In certain cases, payments under the TRAs may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the TRAs. In such cases, we intend to fund those payments with cash on hand, although we may have to borrow funds depending on the amount and timing of the payments. In 2021, we expect to make payments of approximately $32 million related to the TRAs, $23.8 million of which we paid on April 15, 2021.
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Cash Flows

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
| (unaudited; in millions)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of January 1 | $ | 199.5 |  |  | $ | 144.3 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 192.7 |  |  | 120.4 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (22.7) |  |  | 3.6 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (53.0) |  |  | (90.3) |
Net impact of deconsolidation of consolidated investment products | (34.8) |  |  | — |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31 | $ | 281.7 |  |  | $ | 178.0 |

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $72.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to an increase in operating income resulting from higher AUM and revenues as well as timing differences in working capital accounts. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, our operating income, excluding share-based related compensation expense, increased $51.5 million. Working capital positively impacted operating cash flows by $17.1 million.
Net cash used in investment activities increased $26.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to a $25.4 million increase in net purchases of investment securities, primarily related to investments made in connection with the funding of a long-term incentive compensation plan.
Net cash used by financing activities decreased $37.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to a $44.3 million increase in contributions from noncontrolling interests in our consolidated investment products, partially offset by an $8.9 million increase in dividends paid.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company determined that it no longer has a controlling financial interest in an investment product that was previously consolidated. The deconsolidation of the investment product resulted in a $34.8 million decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.
Certain Contractual Obligations
As of March 31, 2021, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations outside the ordinary course of business from those listed in the “Contractual Obligations” table and related notes to the table in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2021, except for the changes in the TRA liability during the year.
As previously discussed in this report, the TRA liability increased from $412.5 million at December 31, 2020 to $428.3 million at March 31, 2021. Amounts payable under the TRAs will increase upon exchanges of Holdings units for our Class A common stock or sales of Holdings units to us, with the increase representing 85% of the estimated future tax benefits, if any, resulting from such exchanges or sales and decrease when payments are made. The actual amount and timing of payments associated with our existing payable under the TRAs or future exchanges or sales, and associated tax benefits, will vary depending upon a number of factors as described under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” As a result, the timing of payments by period is currently unknown. In 2021, we expect to make payments of approximately $32 million related to the TRAs, $23.8 million of which we paid on April 15, 2021.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2021, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no updates to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
New or Revised Accounting Standards
None.
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Item 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures Regarding Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures Regarding Market Risk from those previously reported in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) at March 31, 2021. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II — Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In the normal course of business, we may be subject to various legal and administrative proceedings. Currently, there are no legal or administrative proceedings that management believes may have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of related and other potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under the heading “Risk Factors” in our latest annual report on Form 10-K, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
As described in Note 8, “Stockholders’ Equity”, to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this report, upon termination of employment with Artisan, an employee-partner’s Class B common units are exchanged for Class E common units and the corresponding shares of APAM Class B common stock are canceled. APAM issues the former employee-partner a number of shares of APAM Class C common stock equal to the former employee-partner’s number of Class E common units. Class E common units are exchangeable for Class A common stock subject to the same restrictions and limitations on exchange applicable to the other common units of Holdings. There were no such issuances during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Filed or Furnished Herewith
31.1 |  | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1 |  | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101 |  | The following Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) documents are collectively included herewith as Exhibit 101: (i) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020; (ii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020; (iii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020; (iv) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020; (v) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (vi) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Artisan Partners Asset Management Inc.
Dated: April 28, 2021

By: | /s/ Eric R. Colson
| Eric R. Colson Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (principal executive officer)
| /s/ Charles J. Daley, Jr.
| Charles J. Daley, Jr. Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial and accounting officer)

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