Total compensation and benefits consists of the following:


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Salaries, incentive compensation and benefits (1)	$	458,609	$	516,931	$	399,325
Franchise capital award compensation expense	11,769		6,887		—
Restricted share-based award compensation expense	40,004		39,236		36,493
Long-term incentive compensation expense	51,773		46,123		36,493
Total compensation and benefits	$	510,382	$	563,054	$	435,818
(1) Excluding long-term incentive compensation expense.

Cash incentive compensation paid to members of Artisan’s investment teams and members of its distribution team is generally based on formulas that are tied directly to revenues. The majority of this incentive compensation is earned on a quarterly basis and paid in the subsequent quarter with the exception of incentive compensation earned in the fourth quarter, which is also paid in the fourth quarter of the year. Cash incentive compensation paid to most other employees is generally discretionary and determined based on individual performance and Artisan’s overall results during the applicable year and is generally paid on an annual basis.

Artisan registered 14,000,000 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended (the “Plan”), which plan will terminate in the first quarter of 2023. Pursuant to the Plan, APAM has granted a combination of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance share units (collectively referred to as “restricted share-based awards” or "awards") of Class A common stock to employees. We expect to seek stockholder approval of a new equity incentive plan and the registration of additional shares under such plan at the Company’s 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

Franchise Shares. Like career shares, franchise shares are generally subject to both (i) a pro rata five-year service vesting condition and (ii) a qualifying retirement condition. In addition, franchise shares, which are only granted to investment team members, are subject to a Franchise Protection Clause, which provides that the number of shares that ultimately vest depends on whether certain conditions relating to client cash flows are met. If such conditions are not met, compensation cost will be reversed for any shares that do not vest.

Performance Share Units (PSUs). PSUs are generally subject to (i) a three-year service vesting condition, (ii) certain performance conditions related to the Company's adjusted operating margin and total shareholder return compared to a peer group during a three-year performance period, and (iii) for one-half of the PSUs eligible to vest at the end of the performance period, a qualifying retirement condition. The number of shares of Class A common stock that are ultimately issued in connection with each PSU award will depend upon the outcome of the performance, market and qualified retirement conditions. For the portion of a PSU award with a "performance condition" under ASC 718, expense is recognized over the service period if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.

Compensation expense is recognized based on the estimated grant date fair value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The initial requisite service period is generally five years for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, and three years for performance share units. The fair value of each award is equal to the market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date, except for performance share units with a "market condition" performance metric under ASC 718, which have a grant-date fair value based on a Monte Carlo valuation model.

Unvested restricted share-based awards are subject to forfeiture. Grantees are generally entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents on unvested and vested awards. 2,967,582 shares of Class A common stock were reserved and available for issuance under the Plan as of December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Artisan granted 787,372 restricted stock awards, 1,331 restricted stock units, and 95,940 performance share units of Class A common stock to employees of the Company. Total compensation expense associated with the 2022 grant is expected to be approximately $37.9 million.

The following tables summarize the restricted share-based award activity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units
Unvested at January 1, 2020	$	35.00	5,005,422
Granted	33.80		919,455
Forfeited	30.92		(43,091)
Vested	32.59		(588,144)
Unvested at January 1, 2021	$	35.09	5,293,642
Granted	52.93		741,555
Forfeited	29.99		(101,001)
Vested	31.51		(688,802)
Unvested at January 1, 2022	$	38.18	5,245,394
Granted	41.86		788,703
Forfeited	40.11		(18,671)
Vested	34.85		(619,083)
Unvested at December 31, 2022	$	39.09	5,396,343


	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Performance Share Units
Unvested at January 1, 2020	$	—	—
Granted	52.45		60,000
Forfeited	—		—
Vested	—		—
Unvested at January 1, 2021	$	52.45	60,000
Granted	68.58		75,230
Forfeited	—		—
Vested	—		—
Unvested at January 1, 2022	$	61.42	135,230
Granted	53.50		95,940
Forfeited	—		—
Vested	—		—
Unvested at December 31, 2022	$	58.13	231,170

Based on the current status of the market and performance conditions, the 231,170 unvested performance share units would ultimately result in the issuance of 261,173 shares of Class A common stock if all other vesting conditions were met.

The aggregate vesting date fair value of awards that vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $24.4 million, $35.8 million, and $21.0 million, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense for the unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units as of December 31, 2022 was $73.0 million with a weighted average recognition period of 3.3 years remaining. The unrecognized compensation expense for the unvested performance share units as of December 31, 2022 was $6.6 million with a weighted average recognition period of 2.5 years remaining.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company withheld a total of 198,774 and 177,960 restricted shares, respectively, and paid $7.9 million and $9.2 million, respectively, as a result of net share settlements to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations. These net share settlements had the effect of shares repurchased and retired by the Company, as they reduced the number of shares outstanding.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Artisan granted $48.6 million and $35.0 million, respectively, of franchise capital awards to investment team members in lieu of certain additional restricted share-based awards. The franchise capital awards are subject to the same long-term vesting and forfeiture provisions as restricted share-based awards. Prior to vesting, franchise capital awards are generally allocated to one or more of the investment strategies managed by the award recipient's investment team. During the vesting period, the value of the awards will increase or decrease based on the investment returns of the strategies in which the awards are invested. Compensation expense, including the appreciation or depreciation related to investment returns, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the required service period, which is generally five years. Because the awards will be paid out in cash upon vesting, the fair value of unvested awards is recorded as a liability based on the percentage of the service requirement that has been completed.

The company hedges its economic exposure to the change in value of these awards due to market movements by investing the cash reserved for the awards in the underlying investments. The franchise capital award liability and the underlying investment holdings are marked to market each quarter. The change in value of the award liability is recognized as a compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the required service period. The change in value of the underlying investment holdings is recognized in non-operating income (expense) in the period of change. While there is a timing difference between the recognition of the compensation expense and the offsetting investment gain or loss, the compensation expense and investment income will net to zero at the end of the multi-year vesting period for all awards that ultimately vest. The change in value of the investments had the following impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:


		For the Years Ended December 31,
Statement of Operations Section	Statement of Operations Line Item	2022		2021		2020
Operating expense (benefit)	Compensation and benefits	$	(3,391)	$	520	$	—
Non-operating income (expense)	Other net investment gain (loss)	(13,198)		2,717		—

The franchise capital award liability was $14.5 million and $6.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is included in accrued incentive compensation in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The unrecognized compensation expense for the unvested franchise capital awards as of December 31, 2022 was $52.8 million with a weighted average recognition period of 4.0 years remaining.