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Real Estate Inventories | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] |
Real Estate Inventories | Real Estate Inventories Real estate inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Real estate inventories owned: |  |  |
Homes completed or under construction | $ | 1,402,762 |  |  | $ | 1,293,681 |
Land under development | 1,299,074 |  |  | 1,279,394 |
Land held for future development | 153,615 |  |  | 140,725 |
Model homes | 306,565 |  |  | 231,157 |
Total real estate inventories owned | 3,162,016 |  |  | 2,944,957 |
Real estate inventories not owned: |  |  |
Land purchase and land option deposits | 175,467 |  |  | 228,892 |
Total real estate inventories not owned | 175,467 |  |  | 228,892 |
Total real estate inventories | $ | 3,337,483 |  |  | $ | 3,173,849 |
Homes completed or under construction is comprised of costs associated with homes in various stages of construction and includes direct construction and related land acquisition and land development costs. Land under development primarily consists of land acquisition and land development costs, which include capitalized interest and real estate taxes, associated with land undergoing improvement activity. Land held for future development principally reflects land acquisition and land development costs related to land where development activity has not yet begun or has been suspended, but is expected to occur in the future. Real estate inventories not owned represents deposits related to land purchase and land and lot option agreements. For further details, see Note 7, Variable Interest Entities. Interest incurred, capitalized and expensed were as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest incurred | $ | 147,169 |  |  | $ | 124,529 |  |  | $ | 92,783 |
Interest capitalized | (147,169) |  |  | (124,529) |  |  | (92,783) |
Interest expensed | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Capitalized interest in beginning inventory | $ | 191,411 |  |  | $ | 173,563 |  |  | $ | 182,228 |
Interest capitalized as a cost of inventory | 147,169 |  |  | 124,529 |  |  | 92,783 |
Interest previously capitalized as a cost of inventory, included in cost of sales | (116,933) |  |  | (106,681) |  |  | (101,448) |
Capitalized interest in ending inventory | $ | 221,647 |  |  | $ | 191,411 |  |  | $ | 173,563 |
Interest is capitalized to real estate inventory during development and other qualifying activities. Interest that is capitalized to real estate inventory is included in cost of home sales as related units are delivered. Real Estate Inventory Impairments and Land Option Abandonments Real estate inventory impairments and land option abandonments consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Real estate inventory impairments | $ | 11,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,600 |
Land and lot option abandonments and pre-acquisition costs | 2,657 |  |  | 8,747 |  |  | 1,238 |
Total | $ | 14,157 |  |  | $ | 8,747 |  |  | $ | 20,838 |
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a real estate inventory impairment charge of $11.5 million related to one community in the West segment where the carrying value exceeded the fair value based on a discounted cash flow analysis. The disco unt rate used to calculate fair value was 10%. We did not incur any impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a real estate inventory impairment charge of $19.6 million related to one community in the West segment where the carrying value exceeded the fair value based on a discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate used to calculate fair value was 12%. In addition to owning land and residential lots, we also have option agreements to purchase land and lots at a future date. We have option deposits and capitalized pre-acquisition costs associated with the optioned land and lots. When the economics of a project no longer support acquisition of the land or lots under option, we may elect not to move forward with the acquisition. Option deposits and capitalized pre-acquisition costs associated with the assets under option may be forfeited at that time. Real estate inventory impairments and land option abandonments are recorded in cost of home sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for inventory. Includes, but is not limited to, the basis of stating inventory, the method of determining inventory cost, the classes of inventory, and the nature of the cost elements included in inventory. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 330 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//330/tableOfContent + Details
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