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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2026
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Fin ancial Instruments - MGE Energy and MGE. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or would be paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting standard clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability including assumptions about risk. The standard also establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of the assumptions used and requires the use of observable market data when available. The levels are: Level 1 - Pricing inputs are quoted prices within active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Pricing inputs are quoted prices within active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations that are correlated with or otherwise verifiable by observable market data. Level 3 - Pricing inputs are unobservable and reflect management's best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. a. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Recorded at the Carrying Amount. The carrying amount of cash, cash equivalents, and outstanding commercial paper approximates fair market value due to the short maturity of those investments and obligations. The estimated fair market value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for similar financial instruments. Since long-term debt is not traded in an active market, it is classified as Level 2. The estimated fair market value of the financial instruments are as follows:
|  | June 30, 2026 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Long-term debt(a) |  | $ | 904,217 |  |  | $ | 850,628 |  |  | $ | 818,115 |  |  | $ | 768,889 |
(a) Includes long-term debt due within one year. Excludes debt issuance costs and unamortized discount of $4.6 million and $4.3 million as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. b. Recurring Fair Value Measurements. The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for both MGE and MGE Energy.
|  | Fair Value as of June 30, 2026 |
(In thousands) |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives, net(a) |  | $ | 1,376 |  |  | $ | 849 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 527 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives, net(a) |  | $ | 2,168 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 736 |
Deferred compensation |  |  | 7,457 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,457 |  |  |  | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 9,625 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |  |  | $ | 7,457 |  |  | $ | 736 |
|  | Fair Value as of December 31, 2025 |
(In thousands) |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives, net(a) |  | $ | 1,151 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 583 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives, net(a) |  | $ | 2,565 |  |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,234 |
Deferred compensation |  |  | 7,172 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,172 |  |  |  | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 9,737 |  |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  | $ | 7,172 |  |  | $ | 1,234 |
(a) As of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, collateral of $0.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively, was posted against and netted with derivative liability positions. The fair value of the derivatives disclosed in this table has not been adjusted for the collateral posted. E xchange-traded Investments. Investments include exchange-traded investment securities valued using quoted prices on active exchanges and are therefore classified as Level 1. Deferred Compensation. The deferred compensation plans allow participants to defer certain cash compensation into notional investment accounts. These amounts are included within "Other deferred liabilities and other" in the consolidated balance sheets. The value of certain deferred compensation obligations is based on the market value of the participants' notional investment accounts. The underlying notional investments are comprised primarily of equities, mutual funds, and fixed income securities that are based on directly and indirectly observable market prices. Since the deferred compensation obligations themselves are not exchanged in an active market, they are classified as Level 2. The value of legacy deferred compensation obligations is based on notional investments that earn interest based upon the semiannual rate of U.S. Treasury Bills having a 26-week maturity increased by 1% compounded monthly with a minimum annual rate of 7%, compounded monthly. The notional investments are based upon observable market data, however, since the deferred compensation obligations themselves are not exchanged in an active market, they are classified as Level 2. Derivatives. Derivatives include exchange-traded derivative contracts, over-the-counter transactions, and FTRs. Most exchange-traded derivative contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and are therefore classified as Level 1. A small number of exchange-traded derivative contracts are valued using quoted market pricing in markets with insufficient volumes and are therefore considered unobservable and classified as Level 3. Transactions done with an over-the-counter party are on inactive markets and are therefore classified as Level 3. These transactions are valued based on quoted prices from markets with similar exchange-traded transactions. FTRs are priced based upon monthly auction results for identical or similar instruments in a closed market with limited data available and are therefore classified as Level 3. The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 commodity derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, |  | June 30,
(In thousands) |  | 2026 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2025
Realized and unrealized gains (losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in regulatory assets |  |  | (284) |  |  | — |  |  | 442 |  |  | —
Included in regulatory liability |  |  | — |  |  | (318) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 642
Included in earnings |  |  | (564) |  |  | (665) |  |  | 817 |  |  | (1,262)
Settlements |  |  | 564 |  |  | 665 |  |  | (817) |  |  | 1,264
The following table presents total realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in income for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis(b).
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, |  | June 30,
(In thousands) |  | 2026 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2025
Purchased power expense |  | $ | (564) |  | $ | (665) |  | $ | 817 |  | $ | (1,262)
(b) MGE's exchange-traded derivative contracts, over-the-counter party transactions, purchased power agreement, and FTRs are subject to regulatory deferral. These derivatives are therefore marked to fair value and are offset in the financial statements with a corresponding regulatory asset or liability.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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