<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-22-058781.txt : 20220511
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220511160601
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-22-058781
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220510
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220511
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220511

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AXCELIS TECHNOLOGIES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001113232
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NEC [3559]
		IRS NUMBER:				341818596
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-30941
		FILM NUMBER:		22913685

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		108 CHERRY HILL DRIVE
		CITY:			BEVERLY
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01915
		BUSINESS PHONE:		978-787-4000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		108 CHERRY HILL DRIVE
		CITY:			BEVERLY
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			01915

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	EATON SEMICONDUCTOR EQUIPMENT INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20000501
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)<br />
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed
since last report.)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font: 10pt Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20220510__20220510_zMb6tUt9dekh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-10to2022-05-10" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Written
communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td>
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<td style="font-size: 2pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 2pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font: 10pt Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20220510__20220510_zDEhEhskT9w"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-10to2022-05-10" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td>
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<td style="font-size: 2pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 2pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font: 10pt Wingdings"><span id="xdx_900_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20220510__20220510_z6hSfByl1v31"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-10to2022-05-10" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td>
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<td style="font-size: 2pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 2pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font: 10pt Wingdings"><span id="xdx_908_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20220510__20220510_zjOsCCoyUIkb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-05-10to2022-05-10" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933(&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
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complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.02&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Departure of Directors or Certain
Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(b)&#160;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Resignation of Director</span>. Effective May&#160;11, 2022,
Arthur L. George,&#160;Jr., a director of the Company, resigned from the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors for personal reasons, declining
to serve a further term despite his re-election at the Company&#8217;s 2022 Annual Meeting, as described below<b>.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.03.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or By-laws; Change
in Fiscal Year</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">At its meeting on May&#160;11, 2022, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors
adopted amendments to the Company&#8217;s by-laws to replace the term &#8220;Chairman&#8221; with the term &#8220;Chairperson,&#8221;
and to eliminate the use of gender-specific pronouns.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Copies of the by-laws (i)&#160;as amended and restated and (ii)&#160;showing
the amendments are filed herewith as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.07.&#160;&#160;&#160;Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Annual Meeting was held at the offices of the Company at 108 Cherry
Hill Drive, Beverly, Massachusetts on May&#160;10, 2022. Out of 32,182,547 shares of Common Stock (as of the record date of March&#160;24,
2022) entitled to vote at the meeting, 29,315,911 shares, or 91.09%, were present in person or by proxy.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">1.</td><td>At the Annual Meeting, each of the ten nominees for election as directors received the number of votes set forth opposite the nominee&#8217;s
name, constituting a plurality of the votes cast, and therefore such nominee has been duly elected as a director of the Company (note
Mr.&#160;George&#8217;s decision not to serve another term as disclosed in in Item 5.02 above):</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">4. Joseph P. Keithley</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    </tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">2.</td><td>The following sets forth the tally of the votes cast on the proposal to ratify the appointment by the Board of Directors of Ernst&#160;&amp;
Young LLP as independent auditors of the Company&#8217;s financial statements for the year ending December&#160;31, 2022. A majority of
the votes cast were voted in favor of the proposal, and therefore the appointment of auditors has been ratified by the stockholders:</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">3.</td><td>The following sets forth the tally of the votes cast on the proposal that the stockholders of the Company advise the Board of Directors
that they approve the compensation paid to the Company&#8217;s executive officers for fiscal 2021, as described under &#8220;Executive
Compensation&#8221; in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting. A majority of the votes cast were voted in favor of the proposal, and
therefore such advisory vote has passed.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt">Proposal 3</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">97.68</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 8.01.&#160;&#160;&#160;Other Events.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On May&#160;11, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">&#8226;</td><td>Fixed the size of the Board of Directors at nine;</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">&#8226;</td><td>elected Richard J. Faubert as the Chairperson of the Board of Directors;</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">&#8226;</td><td>appointed John T. Kurtzweil, Richard J. Faubert, Jorge Titinger and Dipti Vachani to serve as the Compensation Committee of the Board
of Directors, with Mr.&#160;Titinger designated as Chairperson thereof;</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">&#8226;</td><td>appointed Joseph P. Keithley, John T. Kurtzweil, Jeanne Quirk and Jorge Titinger to serve as the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors,
with Mr.&#160;Kurtzweil designated as Chairperson thereof;</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">&#8226;</td><td>appointed Tzu-Yin Chiu, Joseph P. Keithley, Thomas St. Dennis and Jeanne Quirk to serve as the Nominating and Governance Committee
of the Board of Directors, with Mr.&#160;Keithley designated as Chairperson thereof; and</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in">&#8226;</td><td>appointed Tzu-Yin Chiu, Richard J. Faubert, Thomas St. Dennis and Dipti Vachani to serve as the Technology and New Product Development
Committee of the Board of Directors with Mr.&#160;St. Dennis designated as Chairperson thereof.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Such election and appointments are to serve until the next annual meeting
of the Board of Directors and until such director&#8217;s successor has been elected and qualified, or until such director&#8217;s earlier
death, resignation or removal.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01&#160;&#160;&#160;Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(d)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Exhibits</td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><a href="tm2213765d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">3.1</a></td><td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm2213765d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">By-laws of the Company, as amended and restated as of May&#160;11,
2022.</a></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><a href="tm2213765d1_ex3-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">3.2</a></td><td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm2213765d1_ex3-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amendments to By-laws of the Company adopted May&#160;11, 2022.</a></td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left">104</td><td style="text-align: justify">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>Date: May&#160;11, 2022</td>
    <td colspan="2">
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Axcelis Technologies,&#160;Inc.&#160;</p></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>By:</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Lynnette C. Fallon</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Lynnette C. Fallon</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Executive Vice President HR/Legal and General Counsel</td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>


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<TYPE>EX-3.1
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<FILENAME>tm2213765d1_ex3-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>BY-LAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AXCELIS TECHNOLOGIES,&nbsp;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>Effective on May&nbsp;11, 2022</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;I&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>STOCKHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Place
of Meetings</U>. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal office of the corporation or at such other place as may be
named in the notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Annual
Meeting</U>. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of such other business as may properly
come before the meeting shall be held on such date and at such hour and place as the directors or an officer designated by the directors
may determine. If the annual meeting is not held on the date designated therefor, the directors shall cause the meeting to be held as
soon thereafter as convenient.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Special
Meetings</U>. Special meetings of the stockholders may be called at any time by the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer,
or by the Board of Directors. Business conducted at a special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purpose or purposes of the
meeting as stated in the notice of such meeting given by the person calling such special meeting. Any previously scheduled special meeting
of stockholders may be rescheduled or canceled by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Notice
of Meetings</U>. Except where some other notice is required by law, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, stating the place,
date and hour thereof and the purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given by the Secretary not less than ten nor more than
sixty days before the date fixed for such meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. Notice shall be given
personally to each stockholder or left at his or her residence or usual place of business or mailed postage prepaid and addressed to the
stockholder at his or her address as it appears upon the records of the corporation. In case of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal
of the Secretary, such notice may be given by a person designated either by the Secretary or by the person or persons calling the meeting
or by the Board of Directors. A waiver of such notice in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before
or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting of stockholders shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at
the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business
to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of
notice. Except as required by statute, notice of any adjourned meeting of the stockholders shall not be required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Record
Date</U>. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to
vote at any meeting of stockholders, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights,
or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action.
Such record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days before any other
action to which such record date relates. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held, and the record date for determining
stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution
relating to such purpose. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Nomination
of Directors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp; Only persons who
are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors at any annual or special meeting
of stockholders. Nominations of persons for election as directors may be made only by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or
by a qualifying stockholder at any annual meeting of stockholders or at any special meeting for which the election of directors is a purpose
specified in the notice of meeting given by the person calling the special meeting. A nomination by a qualifying stockholder may be made
only pursuant to timely notice in proper written form to the Secretary. To be in proper form, such stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall set
forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as
to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
name, age, business address and residence address of the person,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
principal occupation or employment of the person,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(C)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
class and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record, by
the person and/or the person&rsquo;s affiliates and associates,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(D)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the
past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among (x)&nbsp;the nominating stockholder, each other beneficial owner
of the corporation&rsquo;s capital stock, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made and the respective affiliates and associates
of, or others acting in concert with, such stockholder and any such other such beneficial owner, on the one hand, and (y)&nbsp;each proposed
nominee and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert with such nominee(s), on the other hand, including
all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Securities and Exchange Commission (&ldquo;SEC&rdquo;)
Regulation S-K if the nominating stockholder and any such beneficial owner or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert
therewith were the &quot;registrant&quot; for purposes of such Item and the proposed nominee were a director of such registrant, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(E)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other information relating to the proposed nominee and his or her affiliates and associates that is required to be disclosed in solicitations
for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange
Act&rdquo;); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as
to the nominating stockholder and each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
name, address and principal occupation or business activity of such stockholder and each such beneficial owner,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
class, series, and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record,
by such stockholder and each such beneficial owner and their respective affiliates and associates,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(C)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner and/or their
respective affiliates and associates and each proposed nominee, the nominee&rsquo;s affiliates and associates and any other person or
persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s)&nbsp;are being made or who may participate in the solicitation of
proxies in favor of electing such nominee(s),</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(D)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, swaps, profits interests, options,
warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has
been entered into by, or on behalf of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner, or any of their respective affiliates and associates,
the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting
power of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates and associates with respect to shares of
stock of the corporation,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(E)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in which such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their
respective affiliates and associates is a party or material participant involving the corporation or any affiliate of the corporation,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(F)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other material relationship between such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates and associates,
on the one hand, and the corporation, any affiliate of the corporation, or any principal competitor of the corporation, on the other hand,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(G)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
direct or indirect material interest of such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates and associates
in any material contract or agreement with the corporation, any affiliate of the corporation or any principal competitor of the corporation
(the information called for by clauses (D)&nbsp;through (G)&nbsp;is referred to hereinafter as the &ldquo;Stockholder Information&rdquo;),</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(H)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other information relating to such stockholder and any such beneficial owner and their respective affiliates and associates that would
be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for
the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section&nbsp;14 of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated
thereunder,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(I)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
representation that such stockholder is entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting and intends to appear in person
or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person(s)&nbsp;named in its notice, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(J)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
representation whether such stockholder and/or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends (x)&nbsp;to deliver
a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation's outstanding capital stock reasonably
believed by such stockholder or such beneficial owner to be sufficient to elect the nominee (and such representation shall be included
in any such proxy statement and form of proxy) and/or (y)&nbsp;otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such nomination
(and such representation shall be included in any such solicitation materials).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing notwithstanding, the Stockholder
Information need not be provided with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, bank, or other nominee
who is a nominating stockholder solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these
by-laws on behalf of a beneficial owner. A stockholder shall not have complied with this Section&nbsp;1.6 if the stockholder (or any beneficial
owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) solicits or does not solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder's
nominee in contravention of the representations with respect thereto made pursuant to the foregoing clause (J).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp; To be eligible to
be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the corporation, a person must deliver timely notice to the Secretary of the
corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation his or her written consent to serve as a director if elected and a written
questionnaire with respect to his or her background and qualification (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written
request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that he or she</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">(i)&nbsp;is not and will not become
a party to (A)&nbsp;any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or
entity as to how he or she, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &quot;Voting Commitment&quot;)
that has not been disclosed to the corporation or (B)&nbsp;any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with his or her ability
to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with his or her fiduciary duties under applicable law,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">(ii)&nbsp;is not and will not become
a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the corporation with respect to any direct
or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed
therein, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">(iii)&nbsp;in his or her individual
capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director
of the corporation, and will comply with, applicable law and all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest,
corporate opportunities, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The corporation may require any proposed nominee
to furnish such other information as the corporation may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve
as a director of the corporation or whether such nominee would be independent under applicable SEC and stock exchange listing standards
and the corporation's publicly disclosed corporate governance guidelines.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;Not later than each
of (i)&nbsp;five days after the record date for the meeting and (ii)&nbsp;eight days before the meeting, the nominating stockholder and
the proposed nominee shall supplement the information required by Section&nbsp;1.6(a)(i), clauses (A)-(H)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;1.6(a)(ii),
and Section&nbsp;1.6(b), as applicable, by providing to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation updated information
current as of the record date and as of the tenth day before the meeting, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp; The Chairperson
of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the
foregoing procedure, and if the Chairperson should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination
shall be disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp; For purposes of
Sections 1.6 and 1.7 of these by-laws:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp; a &ldquo;qualifying
stockholder&rdquo; is a stockholder who (A)&nbsp;is entitled to vote at the meeting for the election of directors or the proposed business,
as applicable, (B)&nbsp;is present in person at the meeting (or, if the stockholder is not an individual, is represented at the meeting
by an individual duly authorized by a written proxy provided to the corporation at the meeting), (C)&nbsp;was a beneficial owner of shares
of the corporation both at the time of giving the required notice and at the time of the meeting, and (D)&nbsp;has complied with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.6 or in Section&nbsp;1.7, as applicable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp; &ldquo;timely notice&rdquo;
shall mean that the stockholder's notice is delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation
(A)&nbsp;in the case of an annual meeting, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days before the first anniversary of the preceding
year&rsquo;s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event the date of the meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60
days after such anniversary, the stockholder's notice must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before
such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (1)&nbsp;the 90th day before such annual meeting and (2)&nbsp;the
tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the meeting is first made or (B)&nbsp;in the case of a special meeting,
not earlier than the 120th day before such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (1)&nbsp;the 90th
day before the date of such special meeting and (2)&nbsp;if the first public disclosure of the date of such special meeting is less than
100 days before the date of such special meeting, the tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the meeting
is first made; provided that, in no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual or special meeting or the announcement thereof
commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described above:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp; &ldquo;beneficial&rdquo;
ownership of securities has the meaning given in Rule&nbsp;13d-3 under the Exchange Act but shall include all securities of which the
respective person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp;&ldquo;public disclosure&rdquo;
of the date of a stockholders meeting shall mean disclosure of such date in any of a mailing to stockholders, a press release reported
by a national news service, or a document publicly filed by the corporation with the SEC pursuant to any of Sections 13, 14 or 15(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Advance
Notice of Business at Annual Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp; At an annual meeting
of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be brought properly
before an annual meeting, business (other than the nomination of a person for election as a director, which is governed by Section&nbsp;1.6)
must be either (i)&nbsp;specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Chief Executive
Officer, President or the Board of Directors, (ii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board,
or (iii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a qualifying stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp; In addition to any
other applicable requirements, for business to be brought properly before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the business must constitute
a proper matter under Delaware law for stockholder action and the proposing stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper
written form to the Chairperson of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. To be in proper form,
such stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp;as to each matter the
stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (A)&nbsp;a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the
annual meeting, (B)&nbsp;the text of the proposal (including the exact text of any resolution(s)&nbsp;proposed for consideration and,
in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the by-laws, the exact text of the proposed amendment), and (C)&nbsp;the
reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp;as to the proposing
stockholder and each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(A)&nbsp;the name, address and
principal occupation or business activity of such stockholder and each such beneficial owner,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(B)&nbsp;the class, series,
and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record, by such stockholder
and each such beneficial owner and their respective affiliates and associates,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(C)&nbsp;a description of any
material interest of such stockholder and of any such beneficial owner and the respective affiliates and associates of, or others acting
in concert with, such stockholder or such beneficial owner in the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(D)&nbsp;a description of any
agreement, arrangement or understanding between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner and any other person or persons
(including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business or who may participate in the solicitation of proxies in favor
of such proposal,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(E)&nbsp;the Stockholder Information,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(F)&nbsp;any other information
relating to such stockholder and any such beneficial owner that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings
required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the business proposed pursuant to Section&nbsp;14 of the Exchange
Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(G)&nbsp;a representation that
such stockholder is entitled to vote on the proposed business at the meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting
to bring such business before the meeting, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(H)&nbsp;a representation whether
such stockholder and/or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends (x)&nbsp;to deliver a proxy statement and/or
form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation's outstanding capital stock reasonably believed by such stockholder
or such beneficial owner to be sufficient to approve or adopt the proposal (and such representation shall be included in any such proxy
statement and form of proxy) and/or (y)&nbsp;otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal (and such representation
shall be included in any such solicitation materials).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing notwithstanding, the information
required by clauses (D)&nbsp;and (E)&nbsp;need not be provided with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker,
dealer, bank, or other nominee who is a nominating stockholder solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit
the notice required by these by-laws on behalf of a beneficial owner. A stockholder shall not have complied with this Section&nbsp;1.7
if the stockholder (or any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) solicits or does not solicit, as the case may be,
proxies in support of such stockholder's nominee in contravention of the representations with respect thereto made pursuant to the foregoing
clause (H).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp; Not later than each
of (i)&nbsp;five days after the record date for the meeting and (ii)&nbsp;eight days before the meeting, the proposing stockholder shall
supplement the information required by Section&nbsp;1.7(b)(i)&nbsp;and clauses (A)-(F)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;1.7(b)(ii)&nbsp;by providing
to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation updated information current as of the record date and as of the
tenth day before the meeting, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp; Notwithstanding
anything in these by-laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures
set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.7, <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that (i)&nbsp;any stockholder proposal that complies with Rule&nbsp;14a-8
of the proxy rules&nbsp;(or any successor provision) promulgated under the Exchange Act and is to be included in the corporation&rsquo;s
proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders shall be deemed to comply with the notice requirements of this Section&nbsp;1.7
and (ii)&nbsp;nothing in this Section&nbsp;1.7 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any business properly brought
before the annual meeting in accordance with said procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp; The Chairperson
of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the
meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;1.7, and if the Chairperson should so determine, he or she shall so declare
to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Voting
List</U>. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall make or have made, at least 10 days before every meeting
of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the
number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days before the meeting, either at a place within
the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or if not so specified, at the
place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole
time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders
entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by this section or the books of the corporation, or to vote at any meeting of
stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Quorum
of Stockholders</U>. At any meeting of the stockholders, the holders of a majority in interest of all stock issued and outstanding and
entitled to vote upon a question to be considered at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum
for the consideration of such question, but in the absence of a quorum a smaller group may adjourn any meeting from time to time. When
a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of the votes properly cast shall, except where a different vote is required by law, by
the Certificate of Incorporation or by these by-laws, decide any question brought before such meeting. Any election by stockholders shall
be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote at the election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.10.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Proxies
and Voting</U>. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders
be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock held of record by such stockholder, but no proxy shall
be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless said proxy provides for a longer period. Persons holding stock in a fiduciary
capacity shall be entitled to vote the shares so held, and persons whose stock is pledged shall be entitled to vote unless in the transfer
by the pledgor on the books of the corporation the pledgee shall have been expressly empowered to vote thereon, in which case only the
pledgee or the pledgee&rsquo;s proxy may represent said stock and vote thereon. Shares of the capital stock of the corporation belonging
to the corporation or to another corporation, a majority of whose shares entitled to vote in the election of directors is owned by the
corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;1.11.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Conduct
of Meeting</U>. Meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by one of the following officers in the order specified and if present
and acting: the Chairperson or, in the event of the Chairperson&rsquo;s absence or disability, the Vice Chairperson, if any, or, in the
event of the Vice Chairperson&rsquo;s absence or disability, the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of such person&rsquo;s absence
or disability, a presiding officer chosen by a majority of the Board of Directors. The Secretary of the corporation, if present, or an
Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary of every meeting, but if neither the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present the Chairperson
of the meeting shall appoint a secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors may
adopt such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the
extent inconsistent with such rules&nbsp;and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the Chairperson of the meeting shall have
the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such Chairperson,
are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors
or prescribed by the Chairperson of the meeting, may include, without limitation, (i)&nbsp;the establishment of an agenda or order of
business for the meeting, (ii)&nbsp;rules&nbsp;and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, (iii)&nbsp;limitations
on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies
or such other persons as the Chairperson of the meeting shall determine, (iv)&nbsp;restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time
fixed for the commencement thereof, and (v)&nbsp;limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and
to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the Chairperson of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to
be held in accordance with the rules&nbsp;of parliamentary procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;II&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>General
Powers</U>. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise
all of the powers of the corporation that are not by law required to be exercised by the stockholders. In the event of a vacancy in the
Board of Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may exercise the powers of the full Board until the
vacancy is filled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Number;
Election; Tenure and Qualification</U>. Subject to any restrictions contained in the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors
that shall constitute the whole Board shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. The directors shall be elected in the manner
provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, by such stockholders as have the right to vote thereon. The number of directors may be increased
or decreased by action of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be stockholders of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Enlargement
of the Board</U>. Subject to any restrictions contained in the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of the Board of Directors may
be increased at any time, such increase to be effective immediately unless otherwise specified in the resolution, by vote of a majority
of the directors then in office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Vacancies</U>.
Unless and until filled by the stockholders at an annual or special meeting called for the purpose and except as otherwise determined
by the Board of Directors in establishing a series of Preferred Stock as to directors elected by the holders of such series, any vacancy
on the board of directors that results from an increase in the number of directors shall be filled only by a majority of the board of
directors then in office, provided that a quorum is present, and any other vacancy occurring in the board of directors shall be filled
by a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. If at any time there are no
directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Resignation</U>.
Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein,
or if no time is specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chairperson, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Removal</U>.
Directors may be removed from office only as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation. The vacancy or vacancies created by the removal
of a director may be filled by the stockholders at the meeting held for the purpose of removal or, if not so filled, by the directors
in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;2.4 of Article&nbsp;II hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Committees</U>.
The Board of Directors may, by resolution or resolutions passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate one or more committees,
each committee to consist of one or more directors of the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate
members of any committee to replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification
of any member of any such committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or
not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting
in the place of such absent or disqualified member. The Board of Directors shall have the power to change the members of any such committee
at any time, to fill vacancies therein and to discharge any such committee, either with or without cause, at any time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any such committee, to the
extent permitted by law and to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors or in these by-laws, shall have and may
exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and
may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A majority of all the members
of any such committee may fix its rules&nbsp;of procedure, determine its action and fix the time and place, whether within or without
the State of Delaware, of its meetings and specify what notice thereof, if any, shall be given, unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise
by resolution provide. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and make such reports as the Board of Directors may from
time to time request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Meetings
of the Board of Directors</U>. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without call or formal notice at such places either
within or without the State of Delaware and at such times as the Board may by vote from time to time determine. A regular meeting of the
Board of Directors may be held without call or formal notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of the stockholders,
or any special meeting of the stockholders at which a Board of Directors is elected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Special meetings of the Board
of Directors may be held at any place either within or without the State of Delaware at any time when called by the Chairperson of the
Board or, in the event of such person&rsquo;s absence or disability, by the Vice Chairperson of the Board, if any, or, in the event of
such person&rsquo;s absence or disability, by the Chief Executive Officer, or, in the event of such person&rsquo;s absence or disability,
by the President or, in the event of such person&rsquo;s absence or disability, by a majority of the Board of Directors. Reasonable notice
of the time and place of a special meeting shall be given to each director unless such notice is waived by attendance or by written waiver
in the manner provided in these by-laws for waiver of notice by stockholders. Notice may be given by, or by a person designated by, the
Secretary, the person or persons calling the meeting, or the Board of Directors. No notice of any adjourned meeting of the Board of Directors
shall be required. In any case it shall be deemed sufficient notice to a director to send notice by mail at least seventy-two hours, or
by telegram or fax at least forty-eight hours, before the meeting, addressed to such director at his or her usual or last known business
or home address.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Directors or members of any
committee may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or of such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation by such means shall constitute
presence in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Quorum
and Voting</U>. A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum, except that when a vacancy or vacancies exist in
the Board, a majority of the directors then in office (but not less than one-third of the total number of the directors) shall constitute
a quorum. A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting from time to time. The vote
of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except
where a different vote is required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.10.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Compensation</U>.
The Board of Directors may fix fees for their services and for their membership on committees, and expenses of attendance may be allowed
for attendance at each meeting. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any
other capacity, as an officer, agent or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;2.11.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Action
Without Meeting</U>. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting and without notice if a written consent thereto is signed by all members of the Board of Directors or of
such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or of
such committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;III&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Number</U>.
The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and may include, without limit, a Chairperson of the Board of
Directors, a Vice Chairperson of the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary,
a Treasurer and such other officers as may be elected in accordance with Article&nbsp;III, Section&nbsp;3.2 of these By-Laws. Any number
of offices may be held by the same person. No officer need be a director of the Corporation. The Chairperson of the Board of Directors
shall be a non-executive position.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Election</U>.
Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors at the
annual meeting of the Board of Directors, and shall be elected to hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting of the Board of
Directors. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death,
resignation or removal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Compensation</U>.
Officers of the corporation shall be entitled to such salaries, compensation or reimbursement as shall be fixed or allowed from time to
time by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof appointed for the purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Removal
and Resignation; Vacancies</U>. Any officer may be removed for or without cause at any time by the Board of Directors. Any officer may
resign at any time by delivering a written notice of resignation, signed by such officer, to the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive
Officer, or the President. Unless otherwise specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery. Any vacancy occurring
in any office of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise, shall be filled by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Authority
and Duties of Officers</U>. The officers of the Corporation shall have such authority and shall exercise such powers and perform such
duties as may be specified in these By-Laws, except that in any event each officer shall exercise such powers and perform such duties
as may be required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>The
Chairperson</U>. The Chairperson, or, in the event of the Chairperson&rsquo;s absence or disability, the Vice Chairperson, or in the event
of the Vice Chairperson&rsquo;s absence or disability, a presiding officer chosen by a majority of the Board of Directors, shall preside
at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned
to the Chairperson by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>The
Vice Chairperson</U>. The Vice Chairperson shall assist the Chairperson and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be
assigned to the Vice Chairperson by the Chairperson or by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>The
Chief Executive Officer</U>. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general executive charge and control over the affairs of the Corporation,
subject to the Board of Directors, shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried out, shall report thereon
to the Board of Directors, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as shall be prescribed from time to time by
the Board of Directors. In the absence of the President, the duties of the President shall be performed, and the President&rsquo;s powers
may be exercised, by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, by such Vice President as shall be
designated by the Chief Executive Officer, or failing such designation, such duties shall be performed and such powers may be exercised
by each Vice President in the order described in Section&nbsp;3.10, subject in any case to review and superseding action by the Chief
Executive Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>The
President</U>. The President shall have general and active management of the operations of the business of the Corporation, subject to
the authority and direction of the Chief Executive Officer. The President shall have and exercise such further powers and duties as may
be specifically delegated to or vested in the President from time to time by these By-Laws, the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of
Directors. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of the inability of or refusal to act by the Chief Executive
Officer, or if the Board of Directors has not designated a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall perform the duties of the Chief
Executive Officer, and, when so acting, shall have all of the powers and be subject to all of the restrictions upon the Chief Executive
Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.10.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>The
Vice Presidents</U>. Each Vice President shall perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be assigned to him or her from time
to time by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the case of a Vice President
who is designated as the Chief Financial Officer, he or she shall perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be assigned to him
or her from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power and duty to
render to the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, whenever requested, a statement of the financial condition of the Corporation,
and to render a full financial report at the annual meeting of the stockholders, if called upon to do so, and to require from all officers
or agents of the Corporation reports or statements giving such information as he or she may desire with respect to any and all financial
transactions of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors may
assign to any Vice President the title of Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or any other title selected by the Board of
Directors. In the absence of the President or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, the duties of the President shall
be performed by the Executive Vice-President, if any, Senior Vice President, if any, or Vice President, if any, in that order (and, in
the event there be more than one person in any such office, in the order of their seniority), and when so acting, such officer shall have
all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.11.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Secretary
and Assistant Secretaries</U>. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders and record all
the proceedings of such meetings in a book to be kept for that purpose, shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the
stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, a stock ledger and prepare, or
cause to be prepared, lists of stockholders and their addresses as required and shall have custody of the corporate seal, which the Secretary
or any Assistant Secretary shall have authority to affix to any instrument requiring it and attest by any of their signatures. The Board
of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix and attest the seal of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Assistant Secretary may,
in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary&rsquo;s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise
the powers of the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.12.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Treasurer
and Assistant Treasurers</U>. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities, shall keep full and accurate
accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in
the name and to the credit of the corporation in such depositories as may be designated by or pursuant to resolution of the Board of Directors.
The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the corporation upon the authorized depositories, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Assistant Treasurer may, in the absence of
the Treasurer or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;3.13.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Additional
Officers</U>. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it may deem appropriate, and such other officers and
agents shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be determined from time to
time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors from time to time may delegate to any officer or agent the power to appoint subordinate
officers or agents and to prescribe their respective rights, terms of office, authorities and duties. Any such officer or agent may remove
any such subordinate officer or agent appointed by him or her, for or without cause.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;IV&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;4.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Certificates
of Stock</U>. The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates or shall be uncertificated. Certificates for shares of
stock, if any, shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Each holder of stock represented
by certificates shall be entitled to receive one or more stock certificates, signed by the Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson of the Board
of Directors or by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary,
certifying the number of shares owned by the stockholder in certificated form.. Any or all signatures on any such certificates may be
facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who shall have signed or whose facsimile signature shall have been placed
upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such an officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued
by the corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each certificate for shares
of stock that are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the by-laws, applicable securities
laws, or any agreement among any number of stockholders or among such holders and the corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the
face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;4.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Transfers
of Shares of Stock</U>. Subject to the restrictions, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificates or in uncertificated share registration
records, shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent
of the certificate representing such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed,
and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require, or,
in the case of uncertificated shares, by notification to the corporation or its transfer agent of the transfer of such shares, accompanied
by written authorization properly executed. The corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books
as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to that stock, regardless
of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of that stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in
accordance with the requirements of these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;4.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Lost
Certificates</U>. A new stock certificate may be issued in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by the corporation and alleged
to have been lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated, upon such terms in conformity with law as the Board of Directors shall prescribe. The
directors may, in their discretion, require the owner of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificate, or the owner&rsquo;s legal
representatives, to give the corporation a bond, in such sum as they may direct, to indemnify the corporation against any claim that may
be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any such certificate, or the issuance of any such
new certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;4.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Fractional
Share Interests</U>. The corporation may, but shall not be required to, issue fractions of a share. If the corporation does not issue
fractions of a share, it shall (i)&nbsp;arrange for the disposition of fractional interests by those entitled thereto, (ii)&nbsp;pay in
cash the fair value of fractions of a share as of the time when those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or (iii)&nbsp;issue
scrip or warrants in registered or bearer form, which shall entitle the holder to receive a certificate for a full share upon the surrender
of such scrip or warrants aggregating a full share. A certificate for a fractional share shall, but scrip or warrants shall not unless
otherwise provided therein, entitle the holder to exercise voting rights, to receive dividends thereon, and to participate in any of the
assets of the corporation in the event of liquidation. The Board of Directors may cause scrip or warrants to be issued subject to the
conditions that they shall become void if not exchanged for certificates representing full shares before a specified date, or subject
to the conditions that the shares for which scrip or warrants are exchangeable may be sold by the corporation and the proceeds thereof
distributed to the holders of scrip or warrants, or subject to any other conditions that the Board of Directors may impose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;4.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Dividends</U>.
Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may, out of funds legally available therefor, at
any regular or special meeting, declare dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation as and when they deem expedient.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;V&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>INDEMNIFICATION
OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The corporation shall, to
the extent legally permissible, indemnify each person who may serve or who has served at any time as a director or officer of the corporation
or of any of its subsidiaries, or who at the request of the corporation may serve or at any time has served as a director, officer or
trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another organization or an employee benefit plan, against all expenses and liabilities (including
counsel fees, judgments, fines, excise taxes, penalties and amounts payable in settlements) reasonably incurred by or imposed upon such
person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative
or investigative, in which such person may become involved by reason of serving or having served in such capacity (other than a proceeding
voluntarily initiated by such person unless such person is successful on the merits, the proceeding was authorized by the corporation
or the proceeding seeks a declaratory judgment regarding the person&rsquo;s own conduct); provided that no indemnification shall be provided
for any such person with respect to any matter as to which the person shall have been finally adjudicated in any proceeding not to have
acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such action was in the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal
action or proceeding, such person had reasonable cause to believe the conduct was unlawful or, to the extent such matter relates to service
with respect to any employee benefit plan, in the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of such employee benefit plan; and
provided, further, that as to any matter disposed of by a compromise payment by such person, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise,
the payment and indemnification thereof have been approved by the corporation, which approval shall not unreasonably be withheld, or by
a court of competent jurisdiction. Such indemnification shall include payment by the corporation of expenses incurred in defending a civil
or criminal action or proceeding in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by the
person indemnified to repay such payment if such person shall be adjudicated to be not entitled to indemnification under this article,
which undertaking may be accepted without regard to the financial ability of such person to make repayment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A person entitled to indemnification
hereunder whose duties include service or responsibilities as a fiduciary with respect to a subsidiary or other organization shall be
deemed to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that the action was in the best interests of the corporation if such person
acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that the action was in the best interests of such subsidiary or organization or of the participants
or beneficiaries of, or other persons with interests in, such subsidiary or organization to whom such person had a fiduciary duty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of determining
whether a person is entitled to indemnification hereunder, the termination of any action, suit or other proceeding by judgment, order,
settlement (with or without court approval), conviction, or upon a plea of <I>nolo contendere</I>, or its equivalent, shall not create
a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that
the conduct was unlawful.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Where indemnification hereunder
requires authorization or approval by the corporation, such authorization or approval shall be conclusively deemed to have been obtained,
and in any case where a director of the corporation approves the payment of indemnification, such director shall be wholly protected,
if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp; the payment has been
approved or ratified (l)&nbsp;by a majority vote of a quorum of the directors consisting of persons who are not at that time parties to
the proceeding, (2)&nbsp;by a majority vote of a committee of two or more directors who are not at that time parties to the proceeding
and are selected for this purpose by the full board (in which selection directors who are parties may participate), or (3)&nbsp;by a majority
vote of a quorum of the outstanding shares of stock of all classes entitled to vote for directors, voting as a single class, which quorum
shall consist of stockholders who are not at that time parties to the proceeding; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp; the action is taken in reliance upon the
opinion of independent legal counsel (who may be counsel to the corporation) appointed for the purpose by vote of the directors or in
the manner specified in clauses (l), (2)&nbsp;or (3)&nbsp;of subparagraph (i); or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp;the payment is approved by a court of
competent jurisdiction; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(iv)&nbsp;the directors have otherwise acted in accordance
with the standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any indemnification or advance of expenses under
this article shall be paid promptly, and in any event within 30 days, after the receipt by the corporation of a written request therefor
from the person to be indemnified, unless with respect to a claim for indemnification the corporation shall have determined that the person
is not entitled to indemnification. If the corporation denies the request or if payment is not made within such 30 day period, the person
seeking to be indemnified may at any time thereafter seek to enforce rights hereunder in a court of competent jurisdiction and, if successful
in whole or in part, such person shall be entitled also to indemnification for the expenses of prosecuting such action. Unless otherwise
provided by law, the burden of proving that the person is not entitled to indemnification shall be on the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The right of indemnification under this article
shall be a contract right inuring to the benefit of the directors, officers and other persons entitled to be indemnified hereunder. Any
amendment or repeal of this Article&nbsp;V shall only apply prospectively, and no amendment or repeal of this Article&nbsp;V or the relevant
provisions of any laws of the State of Delaware shall adversely affect in any way the rights of such director, officer or other persons
entitled to be indemnified hereunder with respect to any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to any actions or failures
to act, transaction or facts occurring before the amendment or repeal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The indemnification provided hereunder shall continue
as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of
a director, officer or other person entitled to indemnification hereunder. The indemnification provided hereunder may, to the extent authorized
by the corporation, apply to the directors, officers and other persons associated with constituent corporations that have been merged
into or consolidated with the corporation who would have been entitled to indemnification hereunder had they served in such capacity with
or at the request of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The right of indemnification under this article
shall be in addition to and not exclusive of all other rights to which such director or officer or other persons may be entitled. Nothing
contained in this article shall affect any rights to indemnification to which corporation employees or agents other than directors and
officers and other persons entitled to indemnification hereunder may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The corporation shall have power to purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving
at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, other enterprise or employee benefit plan against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any
such capacity or arising out of such person&rsquo;s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such
person against such liability under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;VI&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>GENERAL
PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Fiscal
Year</U>. Except as otherwise designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on
the first day of January&nbsp;and end on the last day of December.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Corporate
Seal</U>. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall be the custodian
of the seal, and a duplicate seal may be kept and used by each Assistant Secretary and by any other officer the Board of Directors may
authorize.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Certificate
of Incorporation</U>. All references in these by-laws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate
of Incorporation of the corporation, as in effect from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Execution
of Instruments</U>. Unless otherwise determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, and
Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer shall have power to execute and deliver on behalf and in the name of the corporation any
instrument requiring the signature of an officer of the corporation, including deeds, contracts, mortgages, bonds, notes, debentures,
checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money. In addition, the Board of Directors, the President, each Vice President, the
Treasurer and the Secretary may expressly delegate such powers to any other officer or agent of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Voting
of Securities</U>. Unless otherwise determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any
Vice President or any other officer shall have full power and authority on behalf of the corporation to attend any meeting of stockholders
of any corporation in which the corporation may hold stock, and to act, vote (or execute proxies to vote) and exercise in person or by
proxy all other rights, powers and privileges incident to the ownership of such stock. Such officers acting on behalf of the Corporation
shall have full power and authority to execute any instrument expressing consent to or dissent from any action of any such corporation
without a meeting. The Board of Directors may by resolution from time to time confer such power and authority upon any other person or
persons.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Evidence
of Authority</U>. A certificate by the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary or a temporary secretary as to any action taken by the stockholders,
directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the corporation shall, as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good
faith, be conclusive evidence of that action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Transactions
with Interested Parties</U>. No contract or transaction between the corporation and one or more of the directors or officers, or between
the corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization in which one or more of the directors or officers
are directors or officers or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for that reason or solely because the director
or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors that authorizes
the contract or transaction or solely because the vote of any such director is counted for such purpose, if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&nbsp; The material facts
as to the relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or such
committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the
disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&nbsp; The material facts
as to the relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote
thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
contract or transaction is fair to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the Board of Directors, a
committee of the Board of Directors or the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Common or interested directors
may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee that authorizes the contract
or transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Books
and Records</U>. The books and records of the corporation shall be kept at such places within or without the State of Delaware as the
Board of Directors may from time to time determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;6.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Exclusive
Forum</U>. Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (a)&nbsp;any
derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (ii)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary
duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation&rsquo;s stockholders,
(iii)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the corporation arising
pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the corporation&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation
or by-laws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any director
or officer or other employee of the corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state court located within the State
of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District
of Delaware).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;VII&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>AMENDMENTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;7.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>By
the Board of Directors</U>. These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of
a majority of the directors present at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION&nbsp;7.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>By
the Stockholders</U>. These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders
of a majority of votes properly cast at any regular meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders, provided notice
of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new by-laws shall have been stated in the notice of such special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2213765d1_ex3-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>BY-LAWS</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AXCELIS TECHNOLOGIES,&nbsp;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>Effective on May&nbsp;11, 2022</I>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>________________________</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;I&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>STOCKHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Place
of Meetings</U>. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal office of the corporation or at such other place as may
be named in the notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Annual
Meeting</U>. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of such other business as may properly
come before the meeting shall be held on such date and at such hour and place as the directors or an officer designated by the directors
may determine. If the annual meeting is not held on the date designated therefor, the directors shall cause the meeting to be held as
soon thereafter as convenient.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Special
Meetings</U>. Special meetings of the stockholders may be called at any time by the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or by the Board of Directors. Business conducted at a special meeting of stockholders
shall be limited to the purpose or purposes of the meeting as stated in the notice of such meeting given by the person calling such special
meeting. Any previously scheduled special meeting of stockholders may be rescheduled or canceled by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Notice
of Meetings</U>. Except where some other notice is required by law, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, stating the place,
date and hour thereof and the purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given by the Secretary not less than ten nor more than
sixty days before the date fixed for such meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. Notice shall be given
personally to each stockholder or left at his or her residence or usual place of business or mailed postage prepaid and addressed to
the stockholder at his or her address as it appears upon the records of the corporation. In case of the death, absence, incapacity or
refusal of the Secretary, such notice may be given by a person designated either by the Secretary or by the person or persons calling
the meeting or by the Board of Directors. A waiver of such notice in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice,
whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting of stockholders
shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting,
at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written
waiver of notice. Except as required by statute, notice of any adjourned meeting of the stockholders shall not be required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Record
Date</U>. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at any meeting of stockholders, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights,
or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful
action. Such record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days before
any other action to which such record date relates. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled
to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given,
or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held, and the record date for determining
stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution
relating to such purpose. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Nomination
of Directors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp; Only persons who
are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors at any annual or special meeting
of stockholders. Nominations of persons for election as directors may be made only by or at the direction of the Board of Directors,
or by a qualifying stockholder at any annual meeting of stockholders or at any special meeting for which the election of directors is
a purpose specified in the notice of meeting given by the person calling the special meeting. A nomination by a qualifying stockholder
may be made only pursuant to timely notice in proper written form to the Secretary. To be in proper form, such stockholder&#8217;s notice
shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as
to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re&#45;election as a director:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
name, age, business address and residence address of the person,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
principal occupation or employment of the person,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(C)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
class and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record, by
the person and/or the person&#8217;s affiliates and associates,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(D)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the
past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among (x)&nbsp;the nominating stockholder, each other beneficial owner
of the corporation&#8217;s capital stock, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made and the respective affiliates and associates
of, or others acting in concert with, such stockholder and any such other such beneficial owner, on the one hand, and (y)&nbsp;each proposed
nominee and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert with such nominee(s), on the other hand, including
all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;)
Regulation S-K if the nominating stockholder and any such beneficial owner or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in
concert therewith were the &quot;registrant&quot; for purposes of such Item and the proposed nominee were a director of such registrant,
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(E)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other information relating to the proposed nominee and his or her affiliates and associates that is required to be disclosed in solicitations
for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange
Act&#8221;); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as
to the nominating stockholder and each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
name, address and principal occupation or business activity of such stockholder and each such beneficial owner,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
class, series, and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record,
by such stockholder and each such beneficial owner and their respective affiliates and associates,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(C)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner and/or their
respective affiliates and associates and each proposed nominee, the nominee&#8217;s affiliates and associates and any other person or
persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s)&nbsp;are being made or who may participate in the solicitation of
proxies in favor of electing such nominee(s),</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(D)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, swaps, profits interests, options,
warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has
been entered into by, or on behalf of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner, or any of their respective affiliates and associates,
the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the
voting power of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates and associates with respect to shares
of stock of the corporation,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(E)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in which such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their
respective affiliates and associates is a party or material participant involving the corporation or any affiliate of the corporation,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(F)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other material relationship between such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates and associates,
on the one hand, and the corporation, any affiliate of the corporation, or any principal competitor of the corporation, on the other
hand,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(G)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
direct or indirect material interest of such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates and associates
in any material contract or agreement with the corporation, any affiliate of the corporation or any principal competitor of the corporation
(the information called for by clauses (D)&nbsp;through (G)&nbsp;is referred to hereinafter as the &#8220;Stockholder Information&#8221;),</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(H)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other information relating to such stockholder and any such beneficial owner and their respective affiliates and associates that would
be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for
the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section&nbsp;14 of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations
promulgated thereunder,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
representation that such stockholder is entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting and intends to appear in person
or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person(s)&nbsp;named in its notice, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(J)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
representation whether such stockholder and/or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends (x)&nbsp;to deliver
a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation's outstanding capital stock reasonably
believed by such stockholder or such beneficial owner to be sufficient to elect the nominee (and such representation shall be included
in any such proxy statement and form of proxy) and/or (y)&nbsp;otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such nomination
(and such representation shall be included in any such solicitation materials).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing notwithstanding, the Stockholder
Information need not be provided with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, bank, or other nominee
who is a nominating stockholder solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these
by-laws on behalf of a beneficial owner. A stockholder shall not have complied with this Section&nbsp;1.6 if the stockholder (or any
beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) solicits or does not solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such
stockholder's nominee in contravention of the representations with respect thereto made pursuant to the foregoing clause (J).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp; To be eligible
to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the corporation, a person must deliver timely notice to the Secretary of
the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation his or her written consent to serve as a director if elected and
a written questionnaire with respect to his or her background and qualification (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary
upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that he
or she</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">(i)&nbsp;is not and will not become
a party to (A)&nbsp;any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or
entity as to how he or she, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &quot;Voting Commitment&quot;)
that has not been disclosed to the corporation or (B)&nbsp;any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with his or her ability
to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with his or her fiduciary duties under applicable law,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">(ii)&nbsp;is not and will not become
a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the corporation with respect to any direct
or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed
therein, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">(iii)&nbsp;in his or her individual
capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a
director of the corporation, and will comply with, applicable law and all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict
of interest, corporate opportunities, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The corporation may require any proposed nominee
to furnish such other information as the corporation may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to
serve as a director of the corporation or whether such nominee would be independent under applicable SEC and stock exchange listing standards
and the corporation's publicly disclosed corporate governance guidelines.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;Not later than each
of (i)&nbsp;five days after the record date for the meeting and (ii)&nbsp;eight days before the meeting, the nominating stockholder and
the proposed nominee shall supplement the information required by Section&nbsp;1.6(a)(i), clauses (A)-(H)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;1.6(a)(ii),
and Section&nbsp;1.6(b), as applicable, by providing to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation updated information
current as of the record date and as of the tenth day before the meeting, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp; The <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance
with the foregoing procedure, and if the <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp; For purposes of
Sections 1.6 and 1.7 of these by-laws:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp; a &#8220;qualifying
stockholder&#8221; is a stockholder who (A)&nbsp;is entitled to vote at the meeting for the election of directors or the proposed business,
as applicable, (B)&nbsp;is present in person at the meeting (or, if the stockholder is not an individual, is represented at the meeting
by an individual duly authorized by a written proxy provided to the corporation at the meeting), (C)&nbsp;was a beneficial owner of shares
of the corporation both at the time of giving the required notice and at the time of the meeting, and (D)&nbsp;has complied with the
notice procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.6 or in Section&nbsp;1.7, as applicable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp; &#8220;timely notice&#8221;
shall mean that the stockholder's notice is delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation
(A)&nbsp;in the case of an annual meeting, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days before the first anniversary of the preceding
year&#8217;s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event the date of the meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60
days after such anniversary, the stockholder's notice must be so received not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day before
such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (1)&nbsp;the 90th day before such annual meeting and (2)&nbsp;the
tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the meeting is first made or (B)&nbsp;in the case of a special
meeting, not earlier than the 120th day before such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (1)&nbsp;the
90th day before the date of such special meeting and (2)&nbsp;if the first public disclosure of the date of such special meeting is less
than 100 days before the date of such special meeting, the tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the
meeting is first made; provided that, in no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual or special meeting or the announcement
thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described above:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp; &#8220;beneficial&#8221;
ownership of securities has the meaning given in Rule&nbsp;13d-3 under the Exchange Act but shall include all securities of which the
respective person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp;&#8220;public disclosure&#8221;
of the date of a stockholders meeting shall mean disclosure of such date in any of a mailing to stockholders, a press release reported
by a national news service, or a document publicly filed by the corporation with the SEC pursuant to any of Sections 13, 14 or 15(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Advance
Notice of Business at Annual Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp; At an annual meeting
of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be brought properly
before an annual meeting, business (other than the nomination of a person for election as a director, which is governed by Section&nbsp;1.6)
must be either (i)&nbsp;specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Chief Executive
Officer, President or the Board of Directors, (ii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board,
or (iii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a qualifying stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp; In addition to
any other applicable requirements, for business to be brought properly before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the business must constitute
a proper matter under Delaware law for stockholder action and the proposing stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper
written form to the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. To be in proper form, such stockholder&#8217;s
notice shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp;as to each matter
the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (A)&nbsp;a brief description of the business desired to be brought before
the annual meeting, (B)&nbsp;the text of the proposal (including the exact text of any resolution(s)&nbsp;proposed for consideration
and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the by-laws, the exact text of the proposed amendment), and (C)&nbsp;the
reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp;as to the proposing
stockholder and each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(A)&nbsp;the name, address
and principal occupation or business activity of such stockholder and each such beneficial owner,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(B)&nbsp;the class, series,
and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record, by such
stockholder and each such beneficial owner and their respective affiliates and associates,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(C)&nbsp;a description of any
material interest of such stockholder and of any such beneficial owner and the respective affiliates and associates of, or others acting
in concert with, such stockholder or such beneficial owner in the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(D)&nbsp;a description of any
agreement, arrangement or understanding between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner and any other person or persons
(including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business or who may participate in the solicitation of proxies in favor
of such proposal,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(E)&nbsp;the Stockholder Information,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(F)&nbsp;any other information
relating to such stockholder and any such beneficial owner that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings
required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the business proposed pursuant to Section&nbsp;14 of the Exchange
Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(G)&nbsp;a representation that
such stockholder is entitled to vote on the proposed business at the meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting
to bring such business before the meeting, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(H)&nbsp;a representation whether
such stockholder and/or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends (x)&nbsp;to deliver a proxy statement and/or
form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation's outstanding capital stock reasonably believed by such stockholder
or such beneficial owner to be sufficient to approve or adopt the proposal (and such representation shall be included in any such proxy
statement and form of proxy) and/or (y)&nbsp;otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal (and such representation
shall be included in any such solicitation materials).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing notwithstanding, the information
required by clauses (D)&nbsp;and (E)&nbsp;need not be provided with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any broker,
dealer, bank, or other nominee who is a nominating stockholder solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit
the notice required by these by-laws on behalf of a beneficial owner. A stockholder shall not have complied with this Section&nbsp;1.7
if the stockholder (or any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) solicits or does not solicit, as the case may be,
proxies in support of such stockholder's nominee in contravention of the representations with respect thereto made pursuant to the foregoing
clause (H).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp; Not later than
each of (i)&nbsp;five days after the record date for the meeting and (ii)&nbsp;eight days before the meeting, the proposing stockholder
shall supplement the information required by Section&nbsp;1.7(b)(i)&nbsp;and clauses (A)-(F)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;1.7(b)(ii)&nbsp;by
providing to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation updated information current as of the record date and
as of the tenth day before the meeting, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp; Notwithstanding
anything in these by&#45;laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures
set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.7, <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that (i)&nbsp;any stockholder proposal that complies with Rule&nbsp;14a-8
of the proxy rules&nbsp;(or any successor provision) promulgated under the Exchange Act and is to be included in the corporation&#8217;s
proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders shall be deemed to comply with the notice requirements of this Section&nbsp;1.7
and (ii)&nbsp;nothing in this Section&nbsp;1.7 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any business properly brought
before the annual meeting in accordance with said procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp; The <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought
before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;1.7, and if the <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting
shall not be transacted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Voting
List</U>. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall make or have made, at least 10 days before every meeting
of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and
the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any
purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days before the meeting, either at a place
within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or if not so specified,
at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the
whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are
the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by this section or the books of the corporation, or to vote
at any meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Quorum
of Stockholders</U>. At any meeting of the stockholders, the holders of a majority in interest of all stock issued and outstanding and
entitled to vote upon a question to be considered at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum
for the consideration of such question, but in the absence of a quorum a smaller group may adjourn any meeting from time to time. When
a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of the votes properly cast shall, except where a different vote is required by law, by
the Certificate of Incorporation or by these by&#45;laws, decide any question brought before such meeting. Any election by stockholders
shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote at the election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.10.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Proxies
and Voting</U>. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders
be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock held of record by such stockholder, but no proxy shall
be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless said proxy provides for a longer period. Persons holding stock in a fiduciary
capacity shall be entitled to vote the shares so held, and persons whose stock is pledged shall be entitled to vote unless in the transfer
by the pledgor on the books of the corporation the pledgee shall have been expressly empowered to vote thereon, in which case only the
pledgee or the pledgee&#8217;s proxy may represent said stock and vote thereon. Shares of the capital stock of the corporation belonging
to the corporation or to another corporation, a majority of whose shares entitled to vote in the election of directors is owned by the
corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.11.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Conduct
of Meeting</U>. Meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by one of the following officers in the order specified and if present
and acting: the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>or, in the event of the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>&#8217;s
absence or disability, the Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>,
if any, or, in the event of the Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>&#8217;s
absence or disability, the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of such person&#8217;s absence or disability, a presiding officer
chosen by a majority of the Board of Directors. The Secretary of the corporation, if present, or an Assistant Secretary, shall act as
secretary of every meeting, but if neither the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present the <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the meeting shall appoint a secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors may
adopt such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the
extent inconsistent with such rules&nbsp;and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts
as, in the judgment of such <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>,
are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors
or prescribed by the <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the meeting, may include, without limitation, (i)&nbsp;the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting,
(ii)&nbsp;rules&nbsp;and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, (iii)&nbsp;limitations on attendance
at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such
other persons as the <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the meeting shall determine, (iv)&nbsp;restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof,
and (v)&nbsp;limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board
of Directors or the <STRIKE>chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules&nbsp;of parliamentary
procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;II&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>General
Powers</U>. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise
all of the powers of the corporation that are not by law required to be exercised by the stockholders. In the event of a vacancy in the
Board of Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may exercise the powers of the full Board until the
vacancy is filled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Number;
Election; Tenure and Qualification</U>. Subject to any restrictions contained in the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors
that shall constitute the whole Board shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. The directors shall be elected in the manner
provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, by such stockholders as have the right to vote thereon. The number of directors may be
increased or decreased by action of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be stockholders of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Enlargement
of the Board</U>. Subject to any restrictions contained in the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of the Board of Directors may
be increased at any time, such increase to be effective immediately unless otherwise specified in the resolution, by vote of a majority
of the directors then in office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Vacancies</U>.
Unless and until filled by the stockholders at an annual or special meeting called for the purpose and except as otherwise determined
by the Board of Directors in establishing a series of Preferred Stock as to directors elected by the holders of such series, any vacancy
on the board of directors that results from an increase in the number of directors shall be filled only by a majority of the board of
directors then in office, provided that a quorum is present, and any other vacancy occurring in the board of directors shall be filled
by a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. If at any time there are
no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Resignation</U>.
Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified
therein, or if no time is specified, at the time of its receipt by the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>,
the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Removal</U>.
Directors may be removed from office only as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation. The vacancy or vacancies created by the removal
of a director may be filled by the stockholders at the meeting held for the purpose of removal or, if not so filled, by the directors
in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;2.4 of Article&nbsp;II hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Committees</U>.
The Board of Directors may, by resolution or resolutions passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate one or more
committees, each committee to consist of one or more directors of the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors
as alternate members of any committee to replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of any member of any such committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from
voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to
act at the meeting in the place of such absent or disqualified member. The Board of Directors shall have the power to change the members
of any such committee at any time, to fill vacancies therein and to discharge any such committee, either with or without cause, at any
time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any such committee, to the
extent permitted by law and to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors or in these by&#45;laws, shall have and
may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation,
and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A majority of all the members
of any such committee may fix its rules&nbsp;of procedure, determine its action and fix the time and place, whether within or without
the State of Delaware, of its meetings and specify what notice thereof, if any, shall be given, unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise
by resolution provide. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and make such reports as the Board of Directors may
from time to time request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Meetings
of the Board of Directors</U>. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without call or formal notice at such places either
within or without the State of Delaware and at such times as the Board may by vote from time to time determine. A regular meeting of
the Board of Directors may be held without call or formal notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of the
stockholders, or any special meeting of the stockholders at which a Board of Directors is elected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Special meetings of the Board
of Directors may be held at any place either within or without the State of Delaware at any time when called by the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board or, in the event of such person&#8217;s absence or disability, by the Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board, if any, or, in the event of such person&#8217;s absence or disability, by the Chief Executive Officer, or, in
the event of such person&#8217;s absence or disability, by the President or, in the event of such person&#8217;s absence or disability,
by a majority of the Board of Directors. Reasonable notice of the time and place of a special meeting shall be given to each director
unless such notice is waived by attendance or by written waiver in the manner provided in these by&#45;laws for waiver of notice by stockholders.
Notice may be given by, or by a person designated by, the Secretary, the person or persons calling the meeting, or the Board of Directors.
No notice of any adjourned meeting of the Board of Directors shall be required. In any case it shall be deemed sufficient notice to a
director to send notice by mail at least seventy&#45;two hours, or by telegram or fax at least forty&#45;eight hours, before the meeting,
addressed to such director at his or her usual or last known business or home address.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Directors or members of any
committee may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or of such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation by such means shall constitute
presence in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Quorum
and Voting</U>. A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum, except that when a vacancy or vacancies exist
in the Board, a majority of the directors then in office (but not less than one&#45;third of the total number of the directors) shall
constitute a quorum. A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting from time to time.
The vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors,
except where a different vote is required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these by&#45;laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.10.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Compensation</U>.
The Board of Directors may fix fees for their services and for their membership on committees, and expenses of attendance may be allowed
for attendance at each meeting. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in
any other capacity, as an officer, agent or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.11.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Action
Without Meeting</U>. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting and without notice if a written consent thereto is signed by all members of the Board of Directors or
of such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or
of such committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;III&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Number</U>.
The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and may include, without limit, a <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board of Directors, a Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer and
such other officers as may be elected in accordance with Article&nbsp;III, Section&nbsp;3.2 of these By-Laws. Any number of offices may
be held by the same person. No officer need be a director of the Corporation. The <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board of Directors shall be a non-executive position.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Election</U>.
Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors at
the annual meeting of the Board of Directors, and shall be elected to hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting of the Board
of Directors. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death,
resignation or removal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Compensation</U>.
Officers of the corporation shall be entitled to such salaries, compensation or reimbursement as shall be fixed or allowed from time
to time by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof appointed for the purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Removal
and Resignation; Vacancies</U>. Any officer may be removed for or without cause at any time by the Board of Directors. Any officer may
resign at any time by delivering a written notice of resignation, signed by such officer, to the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive
Officer, or the President. Unless otherwise specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery. Any vacancy occurring
in any office of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise, shall be filled by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Authority
and Duties of Officers</U>. The officers of the Corporation shall have such authority and shall exercise such powers and perform such
duties as may be specified in these By-Laws, except that in any event each officer shall exercise such powers and perform such duties
as may be required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>The
</U><U><STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE></U><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>.
The <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>,
or, in the event of the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>&#8217;s
absence or disability, the Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>,
or in the event of the Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>&#8217;s
absence or disability, a presiding officer chosen by a majority of the Board of Directors, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders
and of the Board of Directors and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>The
Vice </U><U><STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE></U><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson</U></FONT>.
The Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>shall assist the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to the Vice <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>by the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>or by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>The
Chief Executive Officer</U>. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general executive charge and control over the affairs of the Corporation,
subject to the Board of Directors, shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried out, shall report
thereon to the Board of Directors, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as shall be prescribed from time to
time by the Board of Directors. In the absence of the President, the duties of the President shall be performed, and the President&#8217;s
powers may be exercised, by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, by such Vice President as
shall be designated by the Chief Executive Officer, or failing such designation, such duties shall be performed and such powers may be
exercised by each Vice President in the order described in Section&nbsp;3.10, subject in any case to review and superseding action by
the Chief Executive Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>The
President</U>. The President shall have general and active management of the operations of the business of the Corporation, subject to
the authority and direction of the Chief Executive Officer. The President shall have and exercise such further powers and duties as may
be specifically delegated to or vested in the President from time to time by these By-Laws, the Chief Executive Officer or the Board
of Directors. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of the inability of or refusal to act by the Chief Executive
Officer, or if the Board of Directors has not designated a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall perform the duties of the Chief
Executive Officer, and, when so acting, shall have all of the powers and be subject to all of the restrictions upon the Chief Executive
Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.10.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>The
Vice Presidents</U>. Each Vice President shall perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be assigned to him or her from time
to time by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the case of a Vice President
who is designated as the Chief Financial Officer, he or she shall perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be assigned to
him or her from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power and duty
to render to the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, whenever requested, a statement of the financial condition of the
Corporation, and to render a full financial report at the annual meeting of the stockholders, if called upon to do so, and to require
from all officers or agents of the Corporation reports or statements giving such information as he or she may desire with respect to
any and all financial transactions of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors may
assign to any Vice President the title of Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or any other title selected by the Board of
Directors. In the absence of the President or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, the duties of the President shall
be performed by the Executive Vice&#45;President, if any, Senior Vice President, if any, or Vice President, if any, in that order (and,
in the event there be more than one person in any such office, in the order of their seniority), and when so acting, such officer shall
have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.11.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Secretary
and Assistant Secretaries</U>. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders and record all
the proceedings of such meetings in a book to be kept for that purpose, shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the
stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, a stock ledger and prepare, or
cause to be prepared, lists of stockholders and their addresses as required and shall have custody of the corporate seal, which the Secretary
or any Assistant Secretary shall have authority to affix to any instrument requiring it and attest by any of their signatures. The Board
of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix and attest the seal of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Assistant Secretary may,
in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary&#8217;s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise
the powers of the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.12.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Treasurer
and Assistant Treasurers</U>. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities, shall keep full and accurate
accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects
in the name and to the credit of the corporation in such depositories as may be designated by or pursuant to resolution of the Board
of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the corporation upon the authorized depositories, taking proper vouchers for
such disbursements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Assistant Treasurer may, in the absence of
the Treasurer or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.13.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Additional
Officers</U>. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it may deem appropriate, and such other officers and
agents shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be determined from time
to time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors from time to time may delegate to any officer or agent the power to appoint
subordinate officers or agents and to prescribe their respective rights, terms of office, authorities and duties. Any such officer or
agent may remove any such subordinate officer or agent appointed by him or her, for or without cause.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;IV&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Certificates
of Stock</U>. The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates or shall be uncertificated. Certificates for shares
of stock, if any, shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Each holder of stock
represented by certificates shall be entitled to receive one or more stock certificates, signed by the <STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>or Vice-<STRIKE>Chairman</STRIKE><FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>Chairperson
</U></FONT>of the Board of Directors or by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by the stockholder in certificated form.. Any or all signatures on any
such certificates may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who shall have signed or whose facsimile signature
shall have been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such an officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate
is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at
the date of issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each certificate for shares
of stock that are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the by-laws, applicable securities
laws, or any agreement among any number of stockholders or among such holders and the corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the
face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Transfers
of Shares of Stock</U>. Subject to the restrictions, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificates or in uncertificated share registration
records, shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent
of the certificate representing such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed,
and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require, or,
in the case of uncertificated shares, by notification to the corporation or its transfer agent of the transfer of such shares, accompanied
by written authorization properly executed. The corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books
as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to that stock, regardless
of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of that stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in
accordance with the requirements of these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Lost
Certificates</U>. A new stock certificate may be issued in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by the corporation and alleged
to have been lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated, upon such terms in conformity with law as the Board of Directors shall prescribe.
The directors may, in their discretion, require the owner of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificate, or the owner&#8217;s
legal representatives, to give the corporation a bond, in such sum as they may direct, to indemnify the corporation against any claim
that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any such certificate, or the issuance
of any such new certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Fractional
Share Interests</U>. The corporation may, but shall not be required to, issue fractions of a share. If the corporation does not issue
fractions of a share, it shall (i)&nbsp;arrange for the disposition of fractional interests by those entitled thereto, (ii)&nbsp;pay
in cash the fair value of fractions of a share as of the time when those entitled to receive such fractions are determined, or (iii)&nbsp;issue
scrip or warrants in registered or bearer form, which shall entitle the holder to receive a certificate for a full share upon the surrender
of such scrip or warrants aggregating a full share. A certificate for a fractional share shall, but scrip or warrants shall not unless
otherwise provided therein, entitle the holder to exercise voting rights, to receive dividends thereon, and to participate in any of
the assets of the corporation in the event of liquidation. The Board of Directors may cause scrip or warrants to be issued subject to
the conditions that they shall become void if not exchanged for certificates representing full shares before a specified date, or subject
to the conditions that the shares for which scrip or warrants are exchangeable may be sold by the corporation and the proceeds thereof
distributed to the holders of scrip or warrants, or subject to any other conditions that the Board of Directors may impose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Dividends</U>.
Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may, out of funds legally available therefor, at
any regular or special meeting, declare dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation as and when they deem expedient.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;V&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>INDEMNIFICATION
OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The corporation shall, to
the extent legally permissible, indemnify each person who may serve or who has served at any time as a director or officer of the corporation
or of any of its subsidiaries, or who at the request of the corporation may serve or at any time has served as a director, officer or
trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another organization or an employee benefit plan, against all expenses and liabilities (including
counsel fees, judgments, fines, excise taxes, penalties and amounts payable in settlements) reasonably incurred by or imposed upon such
person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative
or investigative, in which <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such person
</U></FONT><STRIKE>he </STRIKE> may become involved by reason of <STRIKE>his </STRIKE>serving or having served in such capacity (other
than a proceeding voluntarily initiated by such person unless <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he </STRIKE> is successful on the merits, the proceeding was authorized by the corporation or the proceeding
seeks a declaratory judgment regarding <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>the
person&#8217;s</U></FONT><STRIKE>his</STRIKE> own conduct); provided that no indemnification shall be provided for any such person with
respect to any matter as to which <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>the
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he </STRIKE> shall have been finally adjudicated in any proceeding not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable
belief that <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such</U></FONT><STRIKE>his
</STRIKE>action was in the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he </STRIKE> had reasonable cause to believe <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>the</U></FONT><STRIKE>his
</STRIKE>conduct was unlawful or, to the extent such matter relates to service with respect to any employee benefit plan, in the best
interests of the participants or beneficiaries of such employee benefit plan; and provided, further, that as to any matter disposed of
by a compromise payment by such person, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, the payment and indemnification thereof have been
approved by the corporation, which approval shall not unreasonably be withheld, or by a court of competent jurisdiction. Such indemnification
shall include payment by the corporation of expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action or proceeding in advance of the
final disposition of such action or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by the person indemnified to repay such payment if <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he </STRIKE> shall be adjudicated to be not entitled to indemnification under this article, which undertaking
may be accepted without regard to the financial ability of such person to make repayment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A person entitled to indemnification
hereunder whose duties include service or responsibilities as a fiduciary with respect to a subsidiary or other organization shall be
deemed to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>the</U></FONT><STRIKE>his
</STRIKE>action was in the best interests of the corporation if <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he</STRIKE> acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>the</U></FONT><STRIKE>his
</STRIKE>action was in the best interests of such subsidiary or organization or of the participants or beneficiaries of, or other persons
with interests in, such subsidiary or organization to whom <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he</STRIKE> had a fiduciary duty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of determining
whether a person is entitled to indemnification hereunder, the termination of any action, suit or other proceeding by judgment, order,
settlement (with or without court approval), conviction, or upon a plea of <I>nolo contendere</I>, or its equivalent, shall not create
a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he</STRIKE> reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with
respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>the</U></FONT><STRIKE>his
</STRIKE>conduct was unlawful.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Where indemnification hereunder
requires authorization or approval by the corporation, such authorization or approval shall be conclusively deemed to have been obtained,
and in any case where a director of the corporation approves the payment of indemnification, such director shall be wholly protected,
if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp; the payment has been
approved or ratified (l)&nbsp;by a majority vote of a quorum of the directors consisting of persons who are not at that time parties
to the proceeding, (2)&nbsp;by a majority vote of a committee of two or more directors who are not at that time parties to the proceeding
and are selected for this purpose by the full board (in which selection directors who are parties may participate), or (3)&nbsp;by a
majority vote of a quorum of the outstanding shares of stock of all classes entitled to vote for directors, voting as a single class,
which quorum shall consist of stockholders who are not at that time parties to the proceeding; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp; the action is taken in reliance upon
the opinion of independent legal counsel (who may be counsel to the corporation) appointed for the purpose by vote of the directors or
in the manner specified in clauses (l), (2)&nbsp;or (3)&nbsp;of subparagraph (i); or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp;the payment is approved by a court of
competent jurisdiction; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(iv)&nbsp;the directors have otherwise acted in
accordance with the standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any indemnification or advance of expenses under
this article shall be paid promptly, and in any event within 30 days, after the receipt by the corporation of a written request therefor
from the person to be indemnified, unless with respect to a claim for indemnification the corporation shall have determined that the
person is not entitled to indemnification. If the corporation denies the request or if payment is not made within such 30 day period,
the person seeking to be indemnified may at any time thereafter seek to enforce <STRIKE>his </STRIKE>rights hereunder in a court of competent
jurisdiction and, if successful in whole or in part, <FONT STYLE="border-bottom-style: double; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; padding-bottom: 0.5pt"><U>such
person</U></FONT><STRIKE>he</STRIKE> shall be entitled also to indemnification for the expenses of prosecuting such action. Unless otherwise
provided by law, the burden of proving that the person is not entitled to indemnification shall be on the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The right of indemnification under this article
shall be a contract right inuring to the benefit of the directors, officers and other persons entitled to be indemnified hereunder. Any
amendment or repeal of this Article&nbsp;V shall only apply prospectively, and no amendment or repeal of this Article&nbsp;V or the relevant
provisions of any laws of the State of Delaware shall adversely affect in any way the rights of such director, officer or other persons
entitled to be indemnified hereunder with respect to any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to any actions or failures
to act, transaction or facts occurring before the amendment or repeal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The indemnification provided hereunder shall continue
as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of
a director, officer or other person entitled to indemnification hereunder. The indemnification provided hereunder may, to the extent
authorized by the corporation, apply to the directors, officers and other persons associated with constituent corporations that have
been merged into or consolidated with the corporation who would have been entitled to indemnification hereunder had they served in such
capacity with or at the request of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The right of indemnification under this article
shall be in addition to and not exclusive of all other rights to which such director or officer or other persons may be entitled. Nothing
contained in this article shall affect any rights to indemnification to which corporation employees or agents other than directors and
officers and other persons entitled to indemnification hereunder may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The corporation shall have power to purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving
at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, other enterprise or employee benefit plan against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any
such capacity or arising out of such person&#8217;s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify
such person against such liability under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;VI&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>GENERAL
PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Fiscal
Year</U>. Except as otherwise designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall begin
on the first day of January&nbsp;and end on the last day of December.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Corporate
Seal</U>. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall be the custodian
of the seal, and a duplicate seal may be kept and used by each Assistant Secretary and by any other officer the Board of Directors may
authorize.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.3.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Certificate
of Incorporation</U>. All references in these by&#45;laws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate
of Incorporation of the corporation, as in effect from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.4.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Execution
of Instruments</U>. Unless otherwise determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President,
and Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer shall have power to execute and deliver on behalf and in the name of the corporation
any instrument requiring the signature of an officer of the corporation, including deeds, contracts, mortgages, bonds, notes, debentures,
checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money. In addition, the Board of Directors, the President, each Vice President, the
Treasurer and the Secretary may expressly delegate such powers to any other officer or agent of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.5.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Voting
of Securities</U>. Unless otherwise determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any
Vice President or any other officer shall have full power and authority on behalf of the corporation to attend any meeting of stockholders
of any corporation in which the corporation may hold stock, and to act, vote (or execute proxies to vote) and exercise in person or by
proxy all other rights, powers and privileges incident to the ownership of such stock. Such officers acting on behalf of the Corporation
shall have full power and authority to execute any instrument expressing consent to or dissent from any action of any such corporation
without a meeting. The Board of Directors may by resolution from time to time confer such power and authority upon any other person or
persons.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.6.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Evidence
of Authority</U>. A certificate by the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary or a temporary secretary as to any action taken by the stockholders,
directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the corporation shall, as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good
faith, be conclusive evidence of that action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.7.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Transactions
with Interested Parties</U>. No contract or transaction between the corporation and one or more of the directors or officers, or between
the corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization in which one or more of the directors or officers
are directors or officers or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for that reason or solely because the director
or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors that authorizes
the contract or transaction or solely because the vote of any such director is counted for such purpose, if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&nbsp; The material facts
as to the relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or such
committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of
the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&nbsp; The material facts
as to the relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote
thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&nbsp;The contract or
transaction is fair to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the Board of Directors, a committee of
the Board of Directors or the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Common or interested directors
may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee that authorizes the contract
or transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.8.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Books
and Records</U>. The books and records of the corporation shall be kept at such places within or without the State of Delaware as the
Board of Directors may from time to time determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.9.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Exclusive
Forum</U>. Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (a)&nbsp;any
derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (ii)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary
duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation&#8217;s stockholders,
(iii)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any director or officer or other employee of the corporation arising
pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the corporation&#8217;s Certificate of Incorporation
or by-laws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any director
or officer or other employee of the corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state court located within the State
of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District
of Delaware).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ARTICLE&nbsp;VII&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>AMENDMENTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;7.1.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>By
the Board of Directors</U>. These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of
a majority of the directors present at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;7.2.&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>By
the Stockholders</U>. These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the
holders of a majority of votes properly cast at any regular meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders, provided
notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new by-laws shall have been stated in the notice of such special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>acls-20220510_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.22.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140643379929112">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 10, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 10,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-30941<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Axcelis Technologies, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001113232<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">34-1818596<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">108 Cherry Hill Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Beverly<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">01915<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">978<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">787-4000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, $0.001 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ACLS<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
