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Income tax (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of the current and deferred portions of income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of Comprehensive Income
The current and deferred portions of income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income are as follows:
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income tax expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRC entities
 
 
1,914,432
 
 
 
2,919,350
 
 
 
3,494,192
 
Non-PRC entities (a)
 
 
(130,621
)
 
 
(28,172
)
 
 
(959,721
)
Total
 
 
1,783,811
 
 
 
2,891,178
 
 
 
2,534,471
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current income tax expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRC entities
 
 
(288,282
)
 
 
(402,012
)
 
 
(379,130
)
Non-PRC entities
 
 
-
 
 
 
(9,880
)
 
 
(48,931
)
Total
 
 
(288,282
)
 
 
(411,892
)
 
 
(428,061
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income tax benefit (expenses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRC entities
 
 
7,768
 
 
 
(3,919
)
 
 
(25,081
)
Non-PRC entities
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(24,565
)
Total
 
 
7,768
 
 
 
(3,919
)
 
 
(49,646
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRC entities
 
 
(280,514
)
 
 
(405,931
)
 
 
(404,211
)
Non-PRC entities
 
 
-
 
 
 
(9,880
)
 
 
(73,496
)
Total
 
 
(280,514
)
 
 
(415,811
)
 
 
(477,707
)
 
(a) The loss before tax incurred by non-PRC entities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was mainly due to the fair value loss on derivative liabilities amouting to RMB2,285,223. This fair value loss was incurred by Huya whose applicable tax rate is zero, therefore the tax impact related to this fair value loss was included in “effect of different tax rates available to different jurisdictions” in the reconciliation table below.
Schedule of the reconciliation of total tax expense computed by applying the respective statutory income tax rate to pre-tax income
The reconciliation of total tax expense computed by applying the respective statutory income tax rate to pre-tax income is as follows:
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRC Statutory income tax rate
 
 
(25.0
)%
 
 
(25.0
)%
 
 
(25.0
)%
Effect of tax holiday and preferential tax benefit
 
 
11.6
%
 
 
13.2
%
 
 
16.5
%
Effect of different tax rates available to different jurisdictions
 
 
(1.7
)%
 
 
(0.3
)%
 
 
(10.1
)%
Permanent differences (i)
 
 
(1.1
)%
 
 
(1.8
)%
 
 
(3.5
)%
Change in valuation allowance
 
 
(1.5
)%
 
 
(2.3
)%
 
 
(1.6
)%
Effect of Super Deduction available to the Group
 
 
2.0
%
 
 
1.8
%
 
 
4.9
%
Effective income tax rate
 
 
(15.7
)%
 
 
(14.4
)%
 
 
(18.8
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Per ADS effect of tax holiday (RMB)
 
 
3.52
 
 
 
4.71
 
 
 
5.35
 
Per share effect of tax holiday (RMB)
 
 
0.18
 
 
 
0.24
 
 
 
0.27
 
 
(i) Permanent differences mainly arise from expenses not deductible for tax purposes including primarily share-based compensation costs and expenses incurred by subsidiaries and VIEs.
Schedule of the tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax asset balances The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax asset balances as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 are as follows:
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax loss carried forward
 
 
74,951
 
 
 
148,899
 
Allowance for doubtful receivable, accrued expense and
others not currently deductible for tax purposes
 
 
62,177
 
 
 
84,249
 
Deferred revenue
 
 
97,858
 
 
 
36,007
 
Impairment of investment
 
 
12,783
 
 
 
17,180
 
Others
 
 
753
 
 
 
753
 
Valuation allowance (i)
 
 
(135,505
)
 
 
(175,793
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts offset by deferred tax liabilities
 
 
-
 
 
 
(40,461
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total deferred tax assets, net
 
 
113,017
 
 
 
70,834
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related to the fair value changes of investments
 
 
3,627
 
 
 
61,658
 
Related to acquired intangible assets
 
 
2,406
 
 
 
1,531
 
Others
 
 
4,777
 
 
 
4,777
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts offset by deferred tax assets
 
 
-
 
 
 
(40,461
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total deferred tax liabilities, net
 
 
10,810
 
 
 
27,505
 
 
(i)
Valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be utilized in the future. In making such determination, the Group considered factors including future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and tax loss carry forwards. Valuation allowance was provided for net operating loss carry forward because it was more likely than not that such deferred tax assets would not be realized based on the Group’s estimate of its future taxable income. If events occur in the future that allow the Group to realize more of its deferred income tax than the presently recorded amounts, an adjustment to the valuation allowances will result in a decrease in tax expense when those events occur.
Summary of Valuation Allowance
Movement of valuation allowance
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
RMB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of the year
 
 
(53,316
)
 
 
(80,712
)
 
 
(135,505
)
Additions
 
 
(45,491
)
 
 
(78,978
)
 
 
(113,597
)
Reversals
 
 
18,095
 
 
 
24,185
 
 
 
73,309
 
Balance at end of the year
 
 
(80,712
)
 
 
(135,505
)
 
 
(175,793
)