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Revenue Recognition | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition | REVENUE RECOGNITION On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not result in a significant change to the Company's historical revenue recognition policies and there were no significant adjustments that required a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings upon transition. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to GEO's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration GEO expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales, value added and other taxes GEO collects concurrent with revenue producing activities and that are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues. The guidance distinguishes between goods and services. The definition of services under the guidance includes everything other than goods. As such, in the case of GEO, this guidance views the provision of housing as a service. When a contract includes variable consideration, GEO determines an estimate of the variable consideration and evaluates whether the estimate needs to be constrained; therefore, GEO includes the variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration estimates are updated at each reporting date. A limited number of GEO's domestic contracts have provisions upon which a small portion of the revenue for the contract is based on the performance of certain targets. Domestically, revenue based on the performance of certain targets is less than 1% of the Company's consolidated domestic revenues and was not significant during the periods presented. One of GEO's international contracts, related to its Ravenhall correctional facility project (discussed further below), contains a provision where a significant portion of the revenue for the contract is based on the performance of certain targets. These performance targets are based on specific criteria to be met over specific periods of time. Such criteria includes the Company's ability to achieve certain contractual benchmarks relative to the quality of service it provides, non-occurrence of certain disruptive events, effectiveness of its quality control programs and its responsiveness to customer requirements. The performance of these targets are measured quarterly and there was no significant constraint on the estimate of such variable consideration for this contract during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. GEO does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which GEO has the right to invoice for services performed, which is generally the case for all of GEO's contracts. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. GEO generally does not incur incremental costs of obtaining a contract with its customers that would meet the requirement for capitalization. There were no assets recognized from costs to obtain a contract with a customer at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. GEO records a receivable when services are performed which are due from its customers based on the passage of time. GEO records a contract liability if consideration is received in advance of the performance of services. Generally, GEO's customers do not provide payment in advance of the performance of services. Therefore, any contract liability is not significant at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017 and revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that was included in the opening balance of unearned revenue was not significant. There have been no significant amounts of revenue recorded in the periods presented from performance obligations either wholly or partially satisfied in prior periods. The right to consideration under GEO's contracts is only dependent on the passage of time and is therefore considered to be unconditional. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although, with the exception of the contract receivable related to GEO's Ravenhall correctional facility (further discussed below), terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 days after performance obligations are satisfied and generally do not include a significant financing component. There have been no significant changes in receivable or unearned revenue balances during the period other than regular invoicing and collection activity. The following table disaggregates GEO's revenue by major source and also provides a reconciliation with revenue information disclosed for reportable segments in Note 14 - Business Segments and Geographic Information:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands) |  |
| U.S. Corrections & Detention |  | GEO Care |  | International |  | Facility Construction and Design |  | Total
Owned and Leased: Corrections & Detention | $ | 817,666 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 817,666 |
Owned and Leased: Community-based | — |  |  | 127,615 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 127,615 |
Owned and Leased: Youth Services | — |  |  | 68,590 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,590 |
Managed Only | 289,350 |  |  | 3,724 |  |  | 193,121 |  |  | — |  |  | 486,195 |
Facility Construction and Design | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-residential Services and Other | — |  |  | 231,890 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 231,890 |
Total Revenues | $ | 1,107,016 |  |  | $ | 431,819 |  |  | $ | 193,121 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,731,956 |
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands)
| U.S. Corrections & Detention |  | GEO Care |  | International |  | Facility Construction and Design |  | Total
Owned and Leased - Corrections & Detention | $ | 789,230 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 789,230 |
Owned and Leased - Community-based | — |  |  | 106,996 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106,996 |
Owned and Leased - Youth Services | — |  |  | 65,408 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,408 |
Managed Only | 284,610 |  |  | 2,278 |  |  | 130,261 |  |  | — |  |  | 417,149 |
Facility Construction and Design | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 112,602 |  |  | 112,602 |
Non-residential Services and Other | — |  |  | 203,058 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 203,058 |
Total Revenues | $ | 1,073,840 |  |  | $ | 377,740 |  |  | $ | 130,261 |  |  | $ | 112,602 |  |  | $ | 1,694,443 |
Owned and Leased - Corrections & Detention GEO recognizes revenue for corrections & detention housing services where GEO owns or leases the facility as services are performed. GEO provides for the safe and secure housing and care of incarcerated individuals under public-private partnerships with federal, state and local government agencies. This includes providing 24-hour care and supervision, including but not limited to, such services as medical, transportation, food service, laundry services and various programming activities. These tasks are considered to be activities to fulfill the safe and secure housing performance obligation and are not considered to be individually separate promises in the contract. Each of these activities is highly interrelated and GEO performs a significant level of integration of these activities. GEO has identified these activities as a bundle of services and determined that each day of the promised service is distinct. The services provided are part of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are measured using the same measure of progress (time-based output method). GEO has determined that revenue for these services are recognized over time as it's customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits as the services are performed, which is on a continual daily basis, and GEO has a right to payment for performance completed to date. Time-based output methods of revenue recognition are considered to be a faithful depiction of GEO's efforts to fulfill its obligations under its contracts and therefore reflect the transfer of services to its customers. GEO's customers generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual or on a fixed monthly rate. Owned and Leased - Community-based GEO recognizes revenue for community-based reentry services where GEO owns or leases the facility in a manner similar to its corrections and detention services discussed above. GEO provides individuals nearing the end of their sentence with the resources necessary to productively transition back into society. Through its residential reentry centers, GEO provides federal and state parolees and probationers with temporary housing, rehabilitation, substance abuse counseling and vocational and educational programs. These activities are considered to be a bundle of services which are a part of a series of distinct services recognized over time based on the same criteria as discussed above for corrections and detention revenues. GEO's customers also generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual or on a fixed monthly rate. Owned and Leased - Youth Services GEO recognizes revenues for youth services where GEO owns or leases the facility in the same manner as discussed above for the housing, supervision, care and rehabilitation of troubled youth residents. The activities to house and care for troubled youth residents are also considered to be a bundle of services which are part of a series of distinct services recognized over time based on the same criteria discussed for the previous two revenue streams. GEO's customers generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual. Managed Only GEO recognizes revenue for its managed only contracts in the same manner as its Owned and Leased Corrections & Detention and Owned and Leased Community-based contracts as discussed above. The primary exception is that GEO does not own or lease the facility. The facility is owned by the customer. In certain circumstances, GEO's customers may request that GEO make certain capital improvements to the facility or make other payments related to the facility. These payments are amortized as a reduction of revenues over the life of the contract. GEO's customers generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual or a fixed monthly rate. Facility Construction and Design Facility Construction and Design revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 consisted of one contract with the Department of Justice in the State of Victoria (the “State”) for the development and operation of a new 1,300-bed correctional facility (the “Facility”) in Ravenhall, a locality near Melbourne, Australia. The Facility was completed during the fourth quarter of 2017 and GEO is currently managing the Facility under a 25-year management contract. There were no facility construction and design revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. GEO's promise to design and construct the Facility was considered to be a separate and distinct performance obligation from the management obligation which includes the safe and secure housing, care and programming activities for incarcerated individuals similar to the correction & detention services discussed above. For the obligation to manage the Facility, GEO determined revenue should be recorded over time using a time-based output method based on the same criteria as discussed above for correction and detention services. Fees included and priced in the contract for managing the Facility are considered to be stated at their individual estimated stand-alone selling prices using the adjusted market assessment approach. These services are regularly provided by GEO on a stand-alone basis to similar customers within a similar range of amounts. GEO used the expected cost plus margin approach to allocate the transaction price to the construction obligation. GEO was entitled under the contract to receive consideration in the amount of its costs plus a margin. During the design and construction phase, GEO determined that revenue should be recorded over time and applied cost based input methods using the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs (percentage of completion basis) to determine progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue and gross profit to recognize. Cost based input methods of revenue recognition are considered to be a faithful depiction of GEO's efforts to satisfy long-term construction contracts and therefore reflect the transfer of goods to the customer as the customer controls the work in progress as the Facility is constructed. Cost based input methods of revenue recognition also require GEO to make estimates of net contract revenues and costs to complete the project. Significant judgment was required to evaluate the costs to complete the project, including materials, labor, contingencies and other costs. If estimated total costs on the contract are greater than the net contract revenues, the entire estimated loss on the contract is recognized in the period the loss becomes known. The cumulative effect of revisions to estimates related to net contract revenues or costs to complete are recorded in the period in which the revisions to estimates are identified and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Typically, the Company enters into fixed price contracts and does not perform additional work unless approved change orders are in place. Costs attributable to unapproved change orders are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred if the Company believes that it is not probable that the costs will be recovered through a change in the contract price. If the Company believes that it is probable that the costs will be recovered through a change in the contract price, costs related to unapproved change orders are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, and contract revenue is recognized to the extent of the costs incurred. Revenue in excess of the costs attributable to unapproved change orders is not recognized until the change order is approved. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions, and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to estimated costs and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. For the periods presented, there were no changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability that required a revision to the estimated costs and income recorded. GEO was the primary developer of the project and subcontracted with a bonded international design and build contractor to design and construct the Facility. As the primary contractor for the project, GEO determined that it was primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to develop and provide the Facility to the State, including overall responsibility for the acceptability of the project in meeting the State's specifications. Therefore, GEO was considered to be a principal in the transaction and construction revenues and construction costs were recorded on a gross basis. The cost of the project during the design and construction phase was funded by debt financing along with a capital contribution by GEO which was made in January 2017. GEO's promise to provide the equity contribution was considered to be a separate and distinct performance obligation that is separate from the construction and facility management obligations. The contribution represents a significant financing element which provided a benefit to the State. Costs incurred and estimated earnings in excess of billings are classified as contract receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The contract receivable will be satisfied through a State contribution, which was made in November 2017 upon commercial acceptance of the Facility, and by quarterly payments to be made over the 25-year operating phase. The timing of these payments provide the State with a significant benefit of financing for the Facility as the payments by the State occur significantly after performance (construction of the Facility). Therefore, the contract receivable has been recorded at net present value based on the timing of expected future settlement. Interest income is calculated using an effective interest rate of 8.97% and has been presented separately from facility design and construction revenue. Interest income also includes an equity return for GEO's capital contribution. Non-residential Services and Other Non-residential Services and Other revenue consists of the Company's contracts with federal and various state and local governments to provide location, alcohol and drug detecting electronic monitoring and case management services to individuals on an as needed or as requested basis. This category also includes the Company's day reporting centers. GEO recognizes revenues for electronic monitoring and case management services as the services are performed. Services provided consist of community-based supervision (home visits), in-person reporting, telephonic reporting and GPS and other electonic monitoring as well as overall contract management services. The rates for the various services are considered to be stated at their individual stand-alone selling prices. GEO has determined that the services to be provided are recognized over time based on the unit of occurrence of the various services as its customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the services are performed and GEO has a right to payment for performance completed to date. Generally, these services are paid based on a net rate per occurrence and a monthly fee for management services. Certain of the Company's electronic monitoring contracts include providing monitoring equipment and related monitoring services activities (using internal proprietary software platforms) to its customers. These tasks are considered to be activities to fulfill the promise to provide electronic monitoring services to individuals and are not considered to be individually separate promises in the contract. In the context of the contract, the equipment and monitoring service is not considered to be capable of being distinct as the customer typically cannot benefit from the equipment or monitoring service on its own or with other readily available resources. Management has identified these activities as a bundle of services and determined that each day or unit of the promised service is distinct. These services are part of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are measured using the same measure of progress (time-based output method) and are therefore accounted for as a single performance obligation. GEO has determined that services are recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the services are performed and GEO has a right to payment for performance completed to date. Services provided for GEO's day reporting centers are similar to its Owned and Leased Community-based services discussed above with the exception of temporary housing.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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