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Summary of Business Organization, Operations and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Summary of Business Organization, Operations and Significant Accounting Policies |
1. | Summary of Business Organization, Operations and Significant Accounting Policies
The GEO Group, Inc., a Florida corporation, and subsidiaries (the “Company” or “GEO”) is a fully-integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) specializing in the ownership, leasing and management of secure facilities, processing centers and reentry centers in the United States, Australia, South Africa and the United Kingdom. The Company owns, leases and operates a broad range of facilities including maximum, medium and minimum security facilities, processing centers, as well as community based reentry facilities and offers an expanded delivery of rehabilitation services under its 'GEO Continuum of Care' platform. The 'GEO Continuum of Care' platform integrates enhanced rehabilitative programs, which are evidence-based and include cognitive behavioral treatment and post-release services,and provides academic and vocational classes in life skills and treatment programs while helping individuals reintegrate into their communities. The Company develops new facilities based on contract awards, using its project development expertise and experience to design, construct and finance what it believes are state-of-the-art facilities that maximize security and efficiency. The Company provides innovative compliance technologies, industry-leading monitoring services, and evidence-based supervision and treatment programs for community-based parolees, probationers and pretrial defendants. The Company also provides secure transportation services for offender and detainee populations as contracted domestically and in the United Kingdom through its joint venture GEOAmey PECS Ltd. (“GEOAmey”). As of December 31, 2020, GEO's worldwide operations included the ownership and/or management of approximately 93,000 beds at 118 secure and community services facilities, including idle facilities and projects under development, and also includes the provision of community supervision services for more than 210,000 offenders and pretrial defendants, including more than 100,000 individuals through an array of technology products including radio frequency, GPS, and alcohol monitoring devices. GEO, which has been in operation since 1984, began operating as a REIT for federal income tax purposes effective January 1, 2013. As a result of the REIT conversion, GEO reorganized its operations and moved non-real estate components into taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). Through the TRS structure, the portion of GEO's businesses which are non-real estate related, such as its managed-only contracts, international operations, electronic monitoring services, and other non-residential and community based facilities, are part of wholly-owned taxable subsidiaries of the REIT. Most of GEO's business units, which are real estate related and involve company-owned and company-leased facilities, are part of the REIT. The TRS structure allows the Company to maintain the strategic alignment of all of its diversified business segments under one entity. The TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject to federal and state corporate income taxes and to foreign taxes as applicable in the jurisdictions in which those assets and operations are located. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The significant accounting policies of the Company are described below. Risks and uncertainties Executive Order On January 26, 2021, President Biden signed an Executive Order directing the United States Attorney General not to renew DOJ contracts with privately operated criminal detention facilities, as consistent with applicable law. Two agencies of the DOJ, the BOP and USMS, utilize GEO’s services. The BOP houses inmates who have been convicted of federal crimes, and the USMS is generally responsible for detainees who are awaiting trial or sentencing in U.S. federal courts. GEO’s contracts with the BOP for its company-owned 1,940-bed Great Plains Correctional Facility, company-owned 1,732-bed Big Spring Correctional Facility, company-owned 1,800-bed Flightline Correctional Facility, and company-owned 1,800-bed North Lake Correctional Facility have renewal option periods that expire on May 31, 2021, November 30, 2021, November 30, 2021, and September 30, 2022, respectively. Additionally, the contracts with the BOP for the county owned and managed 1,800-bed Reeves County Detention Center I & II and the 1,376-bed Reeves County Detention Center III have renewal option periods that expire September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The Company has a management agreement with Reeves County, Texas for the management oversight of these two county-owned facilities. In total, the Great Plains, Big Spring, Flightline, Northlake Correctional Facilities, Reeves County Detention Center I & II and Reeves County Detention Center III generated approximately $145 million in revenues during the year ended December 31, 2020. The BOP has experienced a decline in federal prison populations over the last several years, a trend that has more recently been accelerated by the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a result of the Executive Order and the decline in federal prison populations, the Company expects that its above described contracts with the BOP may not be renewed over the coming years. With respect to the USMS, the agency may determine to conduct a review of the possible application of the Executive Order on its facilities. COVID-19 In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, now known as COVID-19 (“COVID-19”), was reported in Wuhan, China and has since extensively impacted the global health and economic environment. In January 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On February 28, 2020, the WHO raised its assessment of the COVID-19 threat from high to very high at a global level due to the continued increase in the number of cases and affected countries, and on March 11, 2020, the WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. The Company has been closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business and geographies, including how it will impact those entrusted to its care and governmental partners. D uring the year ended December 3 1, 2020, the Company did incur significant disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic but, it is unable to predict the overall future impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties related to the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic and related government-imposed mandatory closures, shelter in-place restrictions and social distancing protocols and increased expenditures on engineering controls, personal protective equipment, diagnostic testing, medical expenses, temperature scanners, protective plexiglass barriers and increased sanitation have had, and will continue to have, a severe impact on global economic conditions and the environment in which the Company operates. Starting in late March and early April, the Company began to observe negative impacts from the pandemic on its performance in its secure services business, specifically with its U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) Processing Centers and U.S. Marshals Facilities, as a result of declines in crossings and apprehensions along the Southwest border and a decrease in court sentencing at the federal level. Various governmental agencies have also taken steps to decrease the number of those in custody to adhere to social distancing protocols. Additionally, its reentry services business conducted through its GEO Care business segment has also been negatively impacted, specifically its residential reentry centers and non-residential day reporting programs were impacted by declines in programs due to lower levels of referrals by federal, state and local agencies. Additionally, the Company has experienced the transmission of COVID-19 among detainees and staff at most of its facilities during 2020 and continuing into the first quarter of 2021. If the Company is unable to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19 at its facilities it could experience a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Although the Company is unable to predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic or estimate the extent of the negative financial impact to its operating results, an extended period of depressed economic activity necessitated to combating the disease, and the severity and duration of the related global economic crisis may adversely impact its future financial performance. Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The equity method of accounting is used for investments in non-controlled affiliates in which the Company’s ownership ranges from 20 to 50 percent, or in instances in which the Company is able to exercise significant influence but not control. The Company reports South Africa Custodial Services ("SACS") and its 50% owned joint venture in the United Kingdom, GEOAmey, under the equity method of accounting. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities represent equity that other investors have contributed to South Africa Custodial Management ("SACM"). Non-controlling interests are adjusted for income and losses allocable to the other shareholders in these entities. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Reclassifications Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current period financial statements. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported results of operations. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates include reserves for self-insured retention related to general liability insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, projected undiscounted cash flows used to evaluate asset impairment, estimated fair values of business acquisitions, pension assumptions, percentage of completion and estimated cost to complete for construction projects, and stock based compensation. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. While the Company believes that such estimates are reasonable when considered in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, the actual amounts of such estimates, when known, will vary from these estimates. If actual results significantly differ from the Company’s estimates, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially impacted. Dividends As a REIT, the Company is required to distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and by excluding net capital gain). The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions, however, will be at the sole discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control, including, the Company's financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in the Company's existing and future debt instruments, limitations on the Company's ability to fund distributions using cash generated through our TRSs and other factors that the Company's Board of Directors may deem relevant. The Company began paying regular REIT distributions in 2013. Refer to Note 2- Shareholders’ Equity. A REIT is not permitted to retain earnings and profits accumulated during the years it was taxed as a C corporation or earnings and profits accumulated by its subsidiaries that have been converted to qualified REIT subsidiaries, and must make one or more distributions to shareholders that equal or exceed these accumulated amounts by the end of the first REIT year. Earnings and profits, which determine the taxability of distributions to shareholders, will differ from net income reported for financial reporting purposes due to the differences in the treatment of gains and losses, revenue and expenses, and depreciation for financial reporting relative to federal income tax purposes. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all interest-bearing deposits or investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions. These financial institutions are located throughout the United States, Australia, South Africa and the United Kingdom. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had $24.3 million and $20.6 million in cash and cash equivalents held by its international subsidiaries, respectively. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company maintains deposits of cash in excess of federally insured limits with certain financial institutions and accordingly the Company is subject to credit risk. Other than cash, financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of trade accounts receivable, contract receivable, long-term debt and financial instruments used in hedging activities. The Company’s cash management and investment policies restrict investments to low-risk, highly liquid securities, and the Company performs periodic evaluations of the credit standing of the financial institutions with which it deals. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consists primarily of trade accounts receivable due from federal, state, local and international government agencies for operating and managing secure facilities, providing youth and community-based services, providing electronic monitoring and supervision services, providing construction and design services and providing residential and transportation services. The Company generates receivables with its governmental clients and with other parties in the normal course of business as a result of billing and receiving payment. The Company regularly reviews outstanding receivables, and provides for estimated losses through an allowance for doubtful accounts. In evaluating the level of established loss reserves, the Company makes judgments regarding its customers’ ability to make required payments, economic events and other factors. As the financial condition of these parties change, circumstances develop or additional information becomes available, adjustments to the allowance for doubtful accounts may be required. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations for some of its customers’ financial conditions and generally does not require collateral. Generally, the Company receives payment for these services thirty to sixty days in arrears. However, certain of the Company’s accounts receivable are paid by customers after the completion of their program year and therefore can be aged in excess of one year. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses, and such losses traditionally have been within its expectations. Actual write-offs are charged against the allowance when collection efforts have been unsuccessful. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of the Company's trade receivables were considered to be long-term and are classified as Other Non-Current Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract Receivable The Company's Australian subsidiary has recorded a contract receivable in connection with the construction of a 1,300-bed detention facility in Ravenhall, Australia for the State of Victoria. The contract receivable represents costs incurred and estimated earnings in excess of billings and is recorded at net present value based on the timing of expected future settlement. Refer to Note 6 - Contract Receivable for further information. Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported on the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | $ | 283,524 |  |  | $ | 32,463 |  |  | $ | 31,255 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents - current |  |  | 26,740 |  |  |  | 32,418 |  |  |  | 51,678 |
Restricted cash and investments - non-current |  |  | 37,338 |  |  |  | 30,923 |  |  |  | 22,431 |
Less Restricted investments - non-current |  |  | (35,749 | ) |  |  | (28,332 | ) |  |  | (20,892 | )
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown in the statement of cash flows |  | $ | 311,853 |  |  | $ | 67,472 |  |  | $ | 84,472 |
Amounts included in restricted cash and cash equivalents are attributable to certain contractual cash restriction requirements at the Company's wholly owned Australian subsidiary related to non-recourse debt and asset replacement funds contractually required to be maintained and other guarantees. Restricted investments - non-current (included in Restricted Cash and Investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets) consists of the Company's rabbi trust established for employee and employer contributions to The GEO Group, Inc. Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan and is not considered to be a restricted cash equivalent. Refer to Note 9 - Financial Instruments. Prepaid expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets include assets that are expected to be realized within the next fiscal year. Included in the balance at December 31, 2019 is approximately $3.3 million of federal, state and international tax overpayments that were applied against tax payments in 2020. There were no significant federal, state or international tax overpayments included in the balance at December 31, 2020. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over 2 to 50 years. Equipment and furniture and fixtures are depreciated over 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of the estimated useful lives of the property and equipment for depreciation purposes. The estimated useful lives are determined and continually evaluated based on the period over which services are expected to be rendered by the asset. If the assessment indicates that assets will be used for a longer or shorter period than previously anticipated, the useful lives of the assets are revised, resulting in a change in estimate. The Company has not made any such changes in estimates during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Interest is capitalized in connection with the construction of company-owned secure facilities. Cost for self-constructed secure facilities includes direct materials and labor, capitalized interest and certain other indirect costs associated with construction of the facility, such as property taxes, other indirect labor and related benefits and payroll taxes. The Company begins the capitalization of costs during the pre-construction phase, which is the period during which costs are incurred to evaluate the site, and continues until the facility is substantially complete and ready for occupancy. Labor costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were not significant. Capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset to which it relates and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life. Refer to Note 5 - Property and Equipment. Assets Held for Sale As of December 31, 2020, the Company had four properties classified as held for sale included in its U.S Secure Services and GEO Care segments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company classifies a long-lived asset (disposal group) as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met (i) Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset (disposal group), (ii) the asset (disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to the terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets (disposal groups), (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset (disposal group) have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the asset (disposal group) is probable, and transfer of the asset (disposal group) is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within one year, except as permitted, (v) the asset (disposal group) is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and (vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company records assets held for sale at the lower of cost or estimated fair value and estimates fair value by using third party appraisers or other valuation techniques. The Company does not record depreciation for assets held for sale. Any gain or loss on the sale of operating assets is included in the operating income of the reportable segment to which it relates. The properties that are classified as held for sale at December 31, 2020 are a parcel of undeveloped land in Hobart, Indiana, one idle Secure facility, one idle reentry facility acquired from Community Education Centers (“CEC”) and one idle youth facility. At December 31, 2020, the aggregate carrying values of these properties was approximately $9.1 million. At December 31, 2019, the Company had four properties that were classified as held for sale which consisted of a parcel of undeveloped land in Hobart, Indiana two idle reentry facilities acquired from CEC and one idle youth facility. At December 31, 2019, the aggregate carrying value of the properties was approximately $6.1 million. Asset Impairments The Company had property and equipment, net of $2.1 billion and $2.1 billion as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, including approximately 990 vacant beds with a net book value of approximately $24 million at December 31, 2020 at two of its idle facilities in the Secure Services segment that it is currently marketing to potential customers. Also, in its GEO Care segment, the Company is currently marketing approximately 1,100 vacant beds with a net book value of approximately $26 million at December 31, 2020 at two of its idle facilities to potential customers. Refer to Risks and Uncertainties – Executive Order above for a discussion of recent developments. The Company reviews long-lived assets to be held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Events that would trigger an impairment assessment include deterioration of profits for a business segment that has long-lived assets, or when other changes occur that might impair recovery of long-lived assets such as the termination of a management contract or a prolonged decrease in population. If impairment indicators are present, the Company performs a recoverability test to determine whether or not an impairment loss should be measured. The Company tests idle facilities for impairment upon notification that the facilities will no longer be utilized by the customer. If a long-lived asset is part of a group that includes other assets, the unit of accounting for the long-lived asset is its group. Generally, the Company groups assets by facility for the purpose of considering whether any impairment exists. The estimates of recoverability are based on projected undiscounted cash flows associated with actual marketing efforts where available or, in other instances, projected undiscounted cash flows that are comparable to historical cash flows from management contracts at similar facilities and sensitivity analyses that consider reductions to such cash flows. The Company's sensitivity analyses include adjustments to projected cash flows compared to the historical cash flows due to current business conditions which impact per diem rates as well as labor and other operating costs, changes related to facility mission due to changes in prospective clients, and changes in projected capacity and occupancy rates. The Company also factors in prolonged periods of vacancies as well as the time and costs required to ramp up facility population once a contract is obtained. The Company performs the impairment analysis on an annual basis for each of the idle facilities and takes into consideration updates each quarter for market developments affecting the potential utilization of each of the facilities in order to identify events that may cause the Company to reconsider the most recent assumptions. Such events could include negotiations with a prospective customer for the utilization of an idle facility at terms significantly less favorable than the terms used in the Company's most recent impairment analysis, or changes in legislation surrounding a particular facility that could impact the Company's ability to house certain types of individuals at such facility. Further, a substantial increase in the number of available beds at other facilities the Company owns, or in the marketplace, could lead to deterioration in market conditions and projected cash flows. Although they are not frequently received, an unsolicited offer to purchase any of the Company's idle facilities, at amounts that are less than their carrying value could also cause the Company to reconsider the assumptions used in the most recent impairment analysis. The Company has identified marketing prospects to utilize each of the remaining currently idled facilities and has determined that no current impairment exists. However, the Company can provide no assurance that it will be able to secure management contracts to utilize its idle facilities, or that it will not incur impairment charges in the future. In all cases, except for one of its leased facilities, the projected undiscounted cash flows in our analysis as of December 31, 2020 substantially exceeded the carrying amounts of each facility. With respect to the leased facility where the projected undiscounted cash flows of the facility did not exceed the carrying amount, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $5.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company's evaluations also take into consideration historical experience in securing new facility management contracts to utilize facilities that had been previously idled for periods comparable to or in excess of the periods the Company's currently idle facilities have been idle. Such previously idled facilities are currently being operated under contracts that generate cash flows resulting in the recoverability of the net book value of the previously idled facilities by substantial amounts. Due to a variety of factors, the lead time to negotiate contracts with federal and state agencies to utilize idle bed capacity is generally lengthy which has historically resulted in periods of idleness similar to the ones the Company is currently experiencing. By their nature, these estimates contain uncertainties with respect to the extent and timing of the respective cash flows due to potential delays or material changes to forecasted terms and conditions in contracts with prospective customers that could impact the estimate of projected cash flows. Notwithstanding the effects the current economy has had on the Company's customers' for available beds in the short term which has led to its decision to idle certain facilities, the Company believes the long-term trends favor an increase in the utilization of its idle facilities. This belief is also based on the Company's experience in working with governmental agencies faced with significant budgetary challenges which is a primary contributing factor to the lack of appropriated funding to build new bed capacity by federal and state agencies. Assets Held under Finance Leases Assets held under finance leases are recorded at the lower of the net present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease. Amortization expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease and is included in depreciation expense. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net Goodwill The Company has recorded goodwill as a result of its business combinations. Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the net tangible assets and other intangible assets acquired. The Company's goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment annually on the first day of the fourth quarter, and whenever events or circumstances arise that indicate impairment may have occurred. Impairment testing is performed for all reporting units that contain goodwill. The reporting units are the same as the reportable segment for U.S. Secure Services and are at the operating segment level for GEO Care. On the annual measurement date of October 1, 2020, the Company's management elected to qualitatively assess the Company's goodwill for impairment for all of its reporting units except for its community based reporting unit which was assessed using a quantitative analysis. Under provisions of the qualitative analysis, when testing goodwill for impairment, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs a quantitative impairment test to identify goodwill impairment and measures the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized, if any. The qualitative factors used by the Company’s management to determine the likelihood that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount include, among other things, a review of overall economic conditions and their current and future impact on the Company’s existing business, the Company’s financial performance and stock price, industry outlook and market competition. With respect to the qualitative assessments, management determined that, as of October 1, 2020, it was more likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units exceeded their carrying values. With respect to the quantitative analysis performed, the Company used a third-party valuation firm to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model. A discount rate of 10% was utilized to adjust the cash flow forecasts based on the Company’s estimate of a market participant’s weighted-average cost of capital. Growth rates for sales and profits were determined using inputs from the Company’s long-term planning process. The Company also makes estimates for discount rates and other factors based on market conditions, historical experience and other economic factors. Changes in these factors could significantly impact the fair value of the reporting unit. With respect to the community based reporting unit that was assessed quantitatively, management determined that the carrying value exceeded its fair value due to future declines in cash flow projections primarily due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s reentry facilities. As such, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $21.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. A change in one or combination of the assumptions discussed above could impact the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. If the Company’s expectations of future results and cash flows decrease significantly or other economic conditions deteriorate, goodwill may be further impaired. See Note 8 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net for further discussion. Other Intangible Assets, Net The Company has also recorded other finite and indefinite lived intangible assets as a result of previously completed business combinations. Other acquired finite and indefinite lived intangible assets are recognized separately if the benefit of the intangible asset is obtained through contractual or other legal rights, or if the intangible asset can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, regardless of the Company’s intent to do so. The Company’s intangible assets include facility management contracts, trade names and technology. The facility management contracts represent customer relationships in the form of management contracts acquired at the time of each business combination; the value of BI’s and Protocol Criminal Justice, Inc.'s ("Protocol") trade names represent, among other intangible benefits, name recognition to its customers and intellectual property rights; and the acquired technology represents BI’s innovation with respect to its GPS tracking, monitoring, radio frequency monitoring, voice verification monitoring and alcohol compliance systems, Protocol's innovation with respect to its customer relationship management software and Soberlink, Inc.'s innovation with respect to its alcohol monitoring devices. When establishing useful lives, the Company considers the period and the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used up; or, if that pattern cannot be reliably determined, using a straight-line amortization method over a period that may be shorter than the ultimate life of such intangible asset. The Company also considers the impact of renewal terms when establishing useful lives. The Company currently amortizes its acquired facility management contracts over periods ranging from three to twenty-one years and its acquired technology over seven years to eight years. There is no residual value associated with the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets. The Company reviews its trade name assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. The Company does not amortize its indefinite lived intangible assets. The Company reviews its indefinite lived intangible assets annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. These reviews resulted in no impairment to the carrying value of the indefinite lived intangible assets for all periods presented. The Company records the costs associated with renewal and extension of facility management contracts as expenses in the period they are incurred. Internal-Use Software Costs incurred to develop software for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the software. Costs related to design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, included in Property and Equipment, Net is approximately $12.2 million and $14.2 million of capitalized internal-use software costs, respectively. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $43.4 million and $37.0 million, totaling $24.5 million and $30.5 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are included in Long-Term Debt, Non-Recourse Debt and Other Non-Current Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt. Variable Interest Entities The Company evaluates its joint ventures and other entities in which it has a variable interest (a “VIE”), generally in the form of investments, loans, guarantees, or equity in order to determine if it has a controlling financial interest and is required to consolidate the entity as a result. The reporting entity with a variable interest that provides the entity with a controlling financial interest in the VIE will have both of the following characteristics: (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company does not consolidate its 50% owned South African joint venture interest in SACS, a VIE. SACS joint venture investors are GEO and Kensani Corrections, Pty. Ltd (an independent third party); each partner owns a 50% share. The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary of SACS since it does not have the power to direct the activities of SACS that most significantly impact its performance. As such, the Company's investment in this entity is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. SACS was established and subsequently, in 2001, was awarded a 25-year contract to design, finance and build the Kutama Sinthumule Correctional Centre in Louis Trichardt, South Africa. To fund the construction of the prison, SACS obtained long-term financing from its equity partners and lenders, the repayment of which is fully guaranteed by the South African government, except in the event of default, in which case the government guarantee is reduced to 80%. The Company's maximum exposure for loss under this contract is limited to its investment in the joint venture of approximately $11 million at December 31, 2020. The Company does not consolidate its 50% owned joint venture in the United Kingdom. In February 2011, GEO UK, executed a Shareholders Agreement (the “Shareholders Agreement”) with Amey Community Limited (“Amey”) and Amey UK PLC (“Amey Guarantor”) to form GEOAmey, a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. GEOAmey was formed by GEO UK and Amey (an independent third party) for the purpose of performing prisoner escort and related custody services in England, Wales and Scotland. In order to form this private company, GEOAmey issued share capital of £100 divided into 100 shares of £1 each and allocated the shares 50/50 to GEO UK and Amey. GEO UK and Amey each have three directors appointed to the Board of Directors and neither party has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of GEOAmey. As such, the Company's investment in this entity is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Both parties provided lines of credit of £12.0 million to ensure that GEOAmey could comply with future contractual commitments related to the performance of its operations. In October 2018, the note receivable to each joint venture partner was paid off in full. Fair Value Measurements The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (“exit price”). The Company carries certain of its assets and liabilities at fair value, measured on a recurring basis, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company also has certain assets and liabilities which are not carried at fair value in its accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and discloses the fair value measurements compared to the carrying values as of each balance sheet date. The Company’s fair value measurements are disclosed in Note 9 - Financial Instruments and Note 10 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities. The Company establishes fair value of its assets and liabilities using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels which distinguish between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s assumptions (unobservable inputs). The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the respective fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are other than quotable market prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities that reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company recognizes transfers between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that cause the transfer. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to GEO's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration GEO expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales, value added and other taxes GEO collects concurrent with revenue producing activities and that are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenues. The guidance distinguishes between goods and services. The definition of services under the guidance includes everything other than goods. As such, in the case of GEO, this guidance views the provision of housing as a service. When a contract includes variable consideration, GEO determines an estimate of the variable consideration and evaluates whether the estimate needs to be constrained; therefore, GEO includes the variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration estimates are updated at each reporting date. A limited number of GEO's domestic contracts have provisions upon which a small portion of the revenue for the contract is based on the performance of certain targets. Domestically, revenue based on the performance of certain targets is less than 1% of the Company's consolidated domestic revenues and was not significant during the periods presented. One of GEO's international contracts, related to its Ravenhall facility (discussed further below), contains a provision where a significant portion of the revenue for the contract is based on the performance of certain targets. These performance targets are based on specific criteria to be met over specific periods of time. Such criteria includes the Company's ability to achieve certain contractual benchmarks relative to the quality of service it provides, non-occurrence of certain disruptive events, effectiveness of its quality control programs and its responsiveness to customer requirements. The performance of these targets are measured quarterly and there was no significant constraint on the estimate of such variable consideration for this contract during the years ended December 31, 20 20 and 201 9. GEO does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which GEO has the right to invoice for services performed, which is generally the case for all of GEO's contracts. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. GEO generally does not incur incremental costs related to obtaining a contract with its customers that would meet the requirement for capitalization. There were no assets recognized from costs to obtain a contract with a customer at December 31, 2020 or 2019. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. GEO records a receivable when services are performed which are due from its customers based on the passage of time. GEO records a contract liability if consideration is received in advance of the performance of services. Generally, GEO's customers do not provide payment in advance of the performance of services. Therefore, any contract liability is not significant at December 31, 2020 or 2019. Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 that was included in the opening balance of unearned revenue was not significant. There have been no significant amounts of revenue recorded in the periods presented from performance obligations either wholly or partially satisfied in prior periods. The right to consideration under GEO's contracts is only dependent on the passage of time and is therefore considered to be unconditional. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although, with the exception of the contract receivable related to GEO's Ravenhall facility (further discussed below), terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 days after performance obligations are satisfied and generally do not include a significant financing component. There have been no significant changes in receivables or unearned revenue balances during the periods other than regular invoicing and collection activity. The following table disaggregates GEO's revenue by major source and also provides a reconciliation with revenue information disclosed for reportable segments in Note 15 - Business Segments and Geographic Information:
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2020 (in thousands) |
|  | U.S. Secure Services |  |  | GEO Care |  |  | International |  |  | Facility Construction and Design |  |  | Total |
Owned and Leased: Secure Services |  | $ | 1,198,881 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,198,881 |
Owned and Leased: Community-based |  |  | — |  |  |  | 145,491 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 145,491 |
Owned and Leased: Youth Services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75,792 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75,792 |
Managed Only |  |  | 372,335 |  |  |  | 5,513 |  |  |  | 211,621 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 589,469 |
Facility Construction and Design |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,919 |  |  |  | 15,919 |
Non-residential Services and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 324,546 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 324,546 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 1,571,216 |  |  | $ | 551,342 |  |  | $ | 211,621 |  |  | $ | 15,919 |  |  | $ | 2,350,098 |
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands) |
|  | U.S. Secure Services |  |  | GEO Care |  |  | International |  |  | Facility Construction and Design |  |  | Total |
Owned and Leased - Secure Services |  | $ | 1,228,299 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,228,299 |
Owned and Leased - Community-based |  |  | — |  |  |  | 176,001 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 176,001 |
Owned and Leased - Youth Services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 87,189 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 87,189 |
Managed Only |  |  | 373,380 |  |  |  | 5,523 |  |  |  | 232,016 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 610,919 |
Facility Construction and Design |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,978 |  |  |  | 29,978 |
Non-residential Services and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 345,536 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 345,536 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 1,601,679 |  |  | $ | 614,249 |  |  | $ | 232,016 |  |  | $ | 29,978 |  |  | $ | 2,477,922 |
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands) |
|  | U.S Secure Services |  |  | GEO Care |  |  | International |  |  | Facility Construction and Design |  |  | Total |
Owned and Leased - Secure Services |  | $ | 1,110,749 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,110,749 |
Owned and Leased - Community-based |  |  | — |  |  |  | 170,805 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 170,805 |
Owned and Leased - Youth Services |  |  | — |  |  |  | 91,824 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 91,824 |
Managed Only |  |  | 382,224 |  |  |  | 4,981 |  |  |  | 253,874 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 641,079 |
Facility Construction and Design |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,226 |  |  |  | 4,226 |
Non-residential services and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 312,703 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 312,703 |
Total Revenues |  | $ | 1,492,973 |  |  | $ | 580,313 |  |  | $ | 253,874 |  |  | $ | 4,226 |  |  | $ | 2,331,386 |
Owned and Leased - Secure Services GEO recognizes revenue for secure housing services where GEO owns or leases the facility as services are performed. GEO provides for the safe and secure housing and care of incarcerated individuals under public-private partnerships with federal, state and local government agencies. This includes providing 24-hour care and supervision, including but not limited to, such services as medical, transportation, food service, laundry services and various programming activities. These tasks are considered to be activities to fulfill the safe and secure housing performance obligation and are not considered to be individually separate promises in the contract. Each of these activities is highly interrelated and GEO performs a significant level of integration of these activities. GEO has identified these activities as a bundle of services and determined that each day of the promised service is distinct. The services provided are part of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are measured using the same measure of progress (time-based output method). GEO has determined that revenue for these services are recognized over time as its customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits as the services are performed, which is on a continual daily basis, and GEO has a right to payment for performance completed to date. Time-based output methods of revenue recognition are considered to be a faithful depiction of GEO's efforts to fulfill its obligations under its contracts and therefore reflect the transfer of services to its customers. GEO's customers generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual or on a fixed monthly rate. Owned and Leased - Community-based GEO recognizes revenue for community-based reentry services where GEO owns or leases the facility in a manner similar to its secure services discussed above. GEO provides individuals nearing the end of their sentence with the resources necessary to productively transition back into society. Through its residential reentry centers, GEO provides federal and state parolees and probationers with temporary housing, rehabilitation, substance abuse counseling and vocational and educational programs. These activities are considered to be a bundle of services which are a part of a series of distinct services recognized over time based on the same criteria as discussed above for secure services revenues. GEO's customers also generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual or on a fixed monthly rate. Owned and Leased - Youth Services GEO recognizes revenues for youth services where GEO owns or leases the facility in the same manner as discussed above for the housing, supervision, care and rehabilitation of troubled youth residents. The activities to house and care for troubled youth residents are also considered to be a bundle of services which are part of a series of distinct services recognized over time based on the same criteria discussed for the previous two revenue streams. GEO's customers generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual. Managed Only GEO recognizes revenue for its managed only contracts in the same manner as its Owned and Leased Secure Services and Owned and Leased Community-based contracts as discussed above. The primary exception is that GEO does not own or lease the facility. The facility is owned by the customer. In certain circumstances, GEO's customers may request that GEO make certain capital improvements to the facility or make other payments related to the facility. These payments are amortized as a reduction of revenues over the life of the contract. GEO's customers generally pay for these services based on a net rate per day per individual or a fixed monthly rate. Facility Construction and Design During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company had facility construction and design services related to an expansion project at its Fulham Correctional Centre in Australia which was substantially completed in the third quarter of 2020. GEO determined revenue should be recorded over time using a time-based output method based on the same criteria as discussed above for secure services. Fees included and priced in the contract for managing the Facility are considered to be stated at their individual estimated stand-alone selling prices using the adjusted market assessment approach. These services are regularly provided by GEO on a stand-alone basis to similar customers within a similar range of amounts. GEO used the expected cost-plus margin approach to allocate the transaction price to the construction obligation. GEO was entitled under the contract to receive consideration in the amount of its costs plus a margin. Non-residential Services and Other Non-residential Services and Other revenue consists of the Company's contracts with federal and various state and local governments to provide location, alcohol and drug detecting electronic monitoring and case management services to individuals on an as needed or as requested basis. This category also includes the Company's day reporting centers. GEO recognizes revenues for electronic monitoring and case management services as the services are performed. Services provided consist of community-based supervision (home visits), in-person reporting, telephonic reporting and GPS and other electronic monitoring as well as overall contract management services. The rates for the various services are considered to be stated at their individual stand-alone selling prices. GEO has determined that the services to be provided are recognized over time based on the unit of occurrence of the various services as its customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the services are performed and GEO has a right to payment for performance completed to date. Generally, these services are paid based on a net rate per occurrence and a monthly fee for management services. Certain of the Company's electronic monitoring contracts include providing monitoring equipment and related monitoring services activities (using internal proprietary software platforms) to its customers. These tasks are considered to be activities to fulfill the promise to provide electronic monitoring services to individuals and are not considered to be individually separate promises in the contract. In the context of the contract, the equipment and monitoring service is not considered to be capable of being distinct as the customer typically cannot benefit from the equipment or monitoring service on its own or with other readily available resources. Management has identified these activities as a bundle of services and determined that each day or unit of the promised service is distinct. These services are part of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are measured using the same measure of progress (time-based output method) and are therefore accounted for as a single performance obligation. GEO has determined that services are recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the services are performed and GEO has a right to payment for performance completed to date. Services provided for GEO's day reporting centers are similar to its Owned and Leased Community-based services discussed above with the exception of temporary housing. Income Taxes The consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. Refer to Note 16-Income Taxes. Effective January 1, 2013, as a REIT that is required to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income to shareholders, the Company does not expect to pay federal income taxes at the REIT level (including its qualified REIT subsidiaries), as the resulting dividends paid deduction will generally offset its taxable income. Since the Company does not expect to pay taxes on its REIT taxable income, it does not expect to be able to recognize such deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes related to the TRS structure are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws. Significant judgments are required to determine the consolidated provision for income taxes. Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets or liabilities from year to year. Realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets is dependent upon many factors such as tax regulations applicable to the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, estimates of future taxable income and the character of such taxable income. Additionally, the Company must use significant judgment in addressing uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. If actual circumstances differ from the Company’s assumptions, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets or liabilities may be required, which may result in an adverse impact on the results of its operations and its effective tax rate. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria. The Company has not made any significant changes to the way it accounts for its deferred tax assets and liabilities in any year presented in the consolidated financial statements. Based on its estimate of future earnings and its favorable earnings history, the Company currently expects full realization of the deferred tax assets net of any recorded valuation allowances. Furthermore, tax positions taken by the Company may not be fully sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. In determining the adequacy of our provision (benefit) for income taxes, potential settlement outcomes resulting from income tax examinations are regularly assessed. As such, the final outcome of tax examinations, including the total amount payable or the timing of any such payments upon resolution of these issues, cannot be estimated with certainty. Reserves for Insurance Losses The nature of the Company’s business exposes it to various types of third-party legal claims, including, but not limited to, civil rights claims relating to conditions of confinement and/or mistreatment, sexual misconduct claims brought by individuals within our care, medical malpractice claims, product liability claims, intellectual property infringement claims, claims relating to employment matters (including, but not limited to, employment discrimination claims, union grievances and wage and hour claims), property loss claims, environmental claims, automobile liability claims, contractual claims and claims for personal injury or other damages resulting from contact with our facilities, programs, electronic monitoring products, personnel or individuals within our care, including damages arising from an inmate’s escape or from a disturbance or riot at a facility. In addition, the Company’s management contracts generally require it to indemnify the governmental agency against any damages to which the governmental agency may be subject in connection with such claims or litigation. The Company maintains a broad program of insurance coverage for these general types of claims, except for claims relating to employment matters, for which the Company carries no insurance. There can be no assurance that the Company’s insurance coverage will be adequate to cover all claims to which it may be exposed. It is the Company’s general practice to bring merged or acquired companies into its corporate master policies in order to take advantage of certain economies of scale. The Company currently maintains a general liability policy and excess liability policies with total limits of $70.0 million per occurrence and $90.0 million total general liability annual aggregate limits covering the operations of U.S. Secure Services, GEO Care's community-based services, GEO Care's youth services and BI. The Company has a claims-made liability insurance program with a specific loss limit of $40.0 million per occurrence and in the aggregate related to medical professional liability claims arising out of correctional healthcare services. The Company is uninsured for any claims in excess of these limits. We also maintain insurance to cover property and other casualty risks including, workers’ compensation, environmental liability, cybersecurity liability and automobile liability. For most casualty insurance policies, the Company carries substantial deductibles or self-insured retentions of $3.0 million per occurrence for general liability and medical professional liability, $2.0 million per occurrence for workers’ compensation and $1.0 million per occurrence for automobile liability. In addition, certain of the Company’s facilities located in Florida and other high-risk hurricane areas carry substantial windstorm deductibles. Since hurricanes are considered unpredictable future events, no reserves have been established to pre-fund for potential windstorm damage. Limited commercial availability of certain types of insurance relating to windstorm exposure in coastal areas and earthquake exposure mainly in California and the Pacific Northwest may prevent the Company from insuring some of its facilities to full replacement value. With respect to operations in South Africa, the United Kingdom and Australia, the Company utilizes a combination of locally-procured insurance and global policies to meet contractual insurance requirements and protect the Company. In addition to these policies, the Company’s Australian subsidiary carries tail insurance on a general liability policy related to a discontinued contract. Of the insurance policies discussed above, the Company’s most significant insurance reserves relate to workers’ compensation, general liability and auto claims. These reserves are undiscounted and were $78.9 million and $68.2 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in Accrued Expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company uses statistical and actuarial methods to estimate amounts for claims that have been reported but not paid and claims incurred but not reported. In applying these methods and assessing their results, the Company considers such factors as historical frequency and severity of claims at each of its facilities, claim development, payment patterns and changes in the nature of its business, among other factors. Such factors are analyzed for each of the Company’s business segments. The Company estimates may be impacted by such factors as increases in the market price for medical services and unpredictability of the size of jury awards. The Company also may experience variability between its estimates and the actual settlement due to limitations inherent in the estimation process, including its ability to estimate costs of processing and settling claims in a timely manner as well as its ability to accurately estimate the Company’s exposure at the onset of a claim. Because the Company has high deductible insurance policies, the amount of its insurance expense is dependent on its ability to control its claims experience. If actual losses related to insurance claims significantly differ from the Company’s estimates, its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) represents the change in shareholders’ equity from transactions and other events and circumstances arising from non-shareholder sources. The Company’s total comprehensive income is comprised of net income attributable to GEO, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, foreign currency translation adjustments that arise from consolidating foreign operations that do not impact cash flows, net unrealized gains and/ or losses on derivative instruments, and pension liability adjustments in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity. The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to GEO included in the consolidated statement of shareholders' equity are as follows (in thousands):
|  | Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax attributable to The GEO Group, Inc. |  |  | Unrealized loss on derivatives, net of tax |  |  | Pension adjustments, net of tax |  |  | Total |
Balance, January 1, 2020 |  | $ | (12,314 | ) |  | $ | (1,476 | ) |  | $ | (6,545 | ) |  | $ | (20,335 | )
Current-period other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 3,107 |  |  |  | (3,276 | ) |  |  | (2,085 | ) |  |  | (2,254 | )
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  | $ | (9,207 | ) |  | $ | (4,752 | ) |  | $ | (8,630 | ) |  | $ | (22,589 | )
|  | Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax attributable to The GEO Group, Inc. |  |  | Unrealized loss on derivatives, net of tax |  |  | Pension adjustments, net of tax |  |  | Total |
Balance, January 1, 2019 |  | $ | (14,573 | ) |  | $ | (5,746 | ) |  | $ | (3,299 | ) |  | $ | (23,618 | )
Current-period other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | 2,259 |  |  |  | 419 |  |  |  | (3,246 | ) |  |  | (568 | )
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income into earnings [1] |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,851 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,851 |
Net current-period comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 2,259 |  |  |  | 4,270 |  |  |  | (3,246 | ) |  |  | 3,283 |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | (12,314 | ) |  | $ | (1,476 | ) |  | $ | (6,545 | ) |  | $ | (20,335 | )
[1] On May 22, 2019, the Company refinanced the debt associated with its Ravenhall project and terminated the associated interest rate swap derivatives which resulted in the reclassification of $3.9 million into loss on extinguishment of debt that were previously reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). In August 2019, the Company entered into two identical promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $44.3 million which are secured by loan agreements and mortgage and security agreements on certain real property and improvements. The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements to fix the interest rate at 4.22%. Refer to Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Note 12 - Debt for additional information. There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2020. The foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax, related to noncontrolling interests was not significant for the year ended December 31, 2020 or 2019. Foreign Currency Translation The Company’s foreign operations use their local currencies as their functional currencies. Assets and liabilities of the operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date and shareholders’ equity is translated at historical rates. Income statement items are translated at the average exchange rates for the year. Any adjustment resulting from translating the financial statements of the foreign subsidiary is reflected as other comprehensive income, net of related tax. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in the statement of operations. Derivatives The Company’s primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates. The Company measures its derivative financial instruments at fair value and records derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. For derivatives that are designed as and qualify as effective cash flow hedges, the portion of gain or loss on the derivative instrument effective at offsetting changes in the hedged item is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. For derivative instruments that are designated as and qualify as effective fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instruments as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk is recognized in current earnings as interest income (expense) during the period of the change in fair values. For derivative instruments that do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting, changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedge items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes attributing all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to floating rate liabilities and attributing all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to fixed rate liabilities. The Company also assesses whether each derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged item. Fluctuations in the value of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the hedged item; however, if it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or if a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively for the affected derivative. Stock-Based Compensation Expense The Company recognizes the cost of stock-based compensation awards based upon the grant date fair value of those awards. The impact of forfeitures that may occur prior to vesting is also estimated and considered in the amount recognized. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period. The fair value of stock-based option awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for options awarded during years 2020, 2019 and 2018:
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Risk free interest rates |  |  | 1.79 | % |  |  | 2.44 | % |  |  | 2.84 | %
Expected term |  | 4-5 years |  |  | 4-5 years |  |  | 4-5 years |
Expected volatility |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 41 | % |  |  | 40 | %
Expected dividend rate |  |  | 13.11 | % |  |  | 8.47 | % |  |  | 8.70 | %
The Company uses historical data to estimate award exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected term of the awards represents the period of time that awards granted are expected to be outstanding and is based on historical data and expected holding periods. For restricted stock share-based awards that contain a performance condition, the achievement of the targets must be probable before any share-based compensation is recorded. If subsequent to the initial measurement there is a change in the estimate of the probability of meeting the performance condition, the effect of the change in the estimated quantity of awards expected to vest is recognized by cumulatively adjusting compensation expense. If ultimately the performance targets are not met, for any awards where vesting was previously deemed probable, previously recognized compensation expense will be reversed in the period in which vesting is no longer deemed probable. For restricted stock share-based awards that contain a market condition, the probability of satisfying the market condition is considered in the estimate of grant-date fair value and previously recorded compensation expense is not reversed if the market condition is never met. The fair value of restricted stock awards granted in 2020, 2019 and 2018 with market-based performance conditions was determined based on a Monte Carlo simulation, which calculates a range of possible outcomes and the probabilities that they will occur, using the following average key assumptions:
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Expected volatility |  |  | 30.3 | % |  |  | 43.7 | % |  |  | 44.5 | %
Beta |  |  | 1.12 |  |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |  | 1.05 |
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 0.85 | % |  |  | 2.53 | % |  |  | 2.58 | %
Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to GEO, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to that of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator includes the dilutive effect, if any, of common stock equivalents such as stock options and shares of restricted stock. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company implemented the following accounting standards during the year ended December 31, 2020: The SEC recently adopted the final rule in Release No. 33-10762 (the “Final Rule”), Financial Disclosures about Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities and Affiliates Whose Securities Collateralize a Registrant’s Securities, to eliminate certain prescriptive requirements currently in Rules 3-10 and 3-16 of Regulation S-X. The Final Rule amends Regulation S-X Rules 3-10 and 3-16 with Regulation S-X Rules 13-01, Guarantors and issuers of guaranteed securities registered or being registered, and 13-02, Affiliates whose securities collateralize securities registered or being registered. The Final Rule simplifies the conditions required to omit separate financial statements of subsidiary issuers and guarantors, allows for reduced supplemental financial information about subsidiary issuers and guarantors as well as affiliates whose securities are collateralized and expands qualitative disclosures about the guarantees or securities pledged as collateral as well as issuers, guarantors, or affiliates, as applicable. The amended rules also provide flexibility to include these disclosures within or outside the annual and interim financial statements in both registration statements and periodic reports. Further, the disclosures are required only for the most recent annual and year-to-date interim periods. The Final Rule is effective on January 4, 2021 with early adoption permitted. The early adoption of the Final Rule did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)" as a part of its disclosure framework project. The amendments in this update remove, modify and add certain disclosures primarily related to transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, various disclosures related to Level 3 fair value measurements and investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value. The new standard was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASC No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments". The purpose of Update No. 2016-13 is to replace the current incurred loss impairment methodology for financial assets measured at amortized cost with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information, including forecasted information, to develop credit loss estimates. Update No. 2016-13 was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The following accounting standards will be adopted in future periods: In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options”. The guidance in this update simplifies the accounting for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock by removing the requirements to separately present certain conversion features in equity. In addition, the amendments in the ASU also simplify the guidance in ASC 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging: Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” by removing certain criteria that must be satisfied in order to classify a contract as equity, which is expected to decrease the number of freestanding instruments and embedded derivatives accounted for as assets or liabilities. Finally, the amendments revise the guidance on calculating earnings per share, requiring use of the if-converted method for all convertible instruments and rescinding an entity’s ability to rebut the presumption of share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares. The new standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2022. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Reform Rate (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the contract modifications, hedge relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. This ASU, which was effective upon issuance and may be applied through December 31, 2022, is applicable to all contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate or any other reference rate expected to be discontinued. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of reference rate reform and the potential application of this guidance. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Topic 715.20)" as a part of its disclosure framework project. The amendments in this update remove, modify and add certain disclosures primarily related to amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year, explanations for reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period, and projected and accumulated benefit obligations. The new standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2021. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the SEC did not, or are not expected to, have a material effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.

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