EX-99.1 9 d843163dex991.htm EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

THE GEO GROUP, INC.

Offers to Exchange the Registered Notes Set Forth Below that

Have Been Registered Under the Securities Act of 1933, as

Amended, for Any and All Outstanding

Restricted Notes Set Forth Opposite the Corresponding

Registered Notes

Registered/Exchange Notes |  | Restricted/Original Notes
$650,000,000 8.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 |  | $650,000,000 8.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2029
$625,000,000 10.250% Senior Notes due 2031 |  | $625,000,000 10.250% Senior Notes due 2031

PURSUANT TO THE PROSPECTUS DATED     , 2024

THE EXCHANGE OFFER WILL EXPIRE AT 5:00 P.M., NEW YORK CITY TIME, ON     , 2024 (THE “EXPIRATION DATE”), UNLESS EXTENDED BY THE GEO GROUP, INC. IN ITS SOLE DISCRETION. TENDERS OF ORIGINAL NOTES MAY BE WITHDRAWN AT ANY TIME PRIOR TO 5:00 P.M., NEW YORK CITY TIME, ON THE EXPIRATION DATE.

If you wish to accept the exchange offer, this Letter of Transmittal must be

completed, signed, and delivered to Ankura Trust Company, LLC or, if tender is by book-entry transfer, its agent The Huntington National Bank (collectively, the “Exchange Agent”):

ANKURA TRUST COMPANY, LLC

By Registered Certified or Regular Mail: ANKURA TRUST COMPANY Attention: Krista Gulalo 140 Sherman Street, Fourth Floor Fairfield, CT 06824 |  | By Overnight Courier or Hand Delivery: ANKURA TRUST COMPANY Attention: Krista Gulalo 140 Sherman Street, Fourth Floor Fairfield, CT 06824
|  | To Confirm by Telephone or for Information: (475) 282-1580

DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO AN ADDRESS OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH ABOVE WILL NOT CONSTITUTE A VALID DELIVERY. THE INSTRUCTIONS ACCOMPANYING THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SHOULD BE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE THE LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL IS COMPLETED. RECEIPT OF INCOMPLETE, INACCURATE, OR DEFECTIVE LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL WILL NOT CONSTITUTE VALID DELIVERY. ALTHOUGH WE MAY WAIVE DEFECTS AND IRREGULARITIES WITH RESPECT TO YOUR TENDER OF ORIGINAL NOTES (DEFINED BELOW), WE ARE NOT REQUIRED TO DO SO AND MAY NOT DO SO.

Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the same meaning given them in the Prospectus (as defined below).

The undersigned acknowledges receipt of the Prospectus dated    , 2024 (as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Prospectus”) of The GEO Group, Inc., a Florida corporation (the “Company”), and this Letter of Transmittal (the “Letter of Transmittal”), which together constitute the Company’s offer (the “Exchange Offer”) to exchange up to (i) $650,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 8.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (the “Secured Exchange Notes”) that have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for any and all of its

existing 8.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 issued in a private placement on April 18, 2024 (the “Secured Original Notes”), and (ii) $625,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 10.250% Senior Notes due 2031 (the “Unsecured Exchange Notes” and, together with the Secured Exchange Notes, the “Exchange Notes”) that have been registered under the Securities Act, for any and all of its existing 10.250% Senior Notes due 2031 issued in a private placement on April 18, 2024 (the “Unsecured Original Notes” and, together with the Secured Original Notes, the “Original Notes”).

The Company reserves the right, at any time or from time to time, to extend the period of time during which the Exchange Offer is open, at its discretion, in which event the term “Expiration Date” shall mean the latest date to which the Exchange Offer is extended. The Company shall notify the Exchange Agent of any extension by written notice and shall make a public announcement thereof no later than 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next business day after the previously scheduled Expiration Date.

This Letter of Transmittal is to be used by Holders (as defined below) if: (i) certificates representing Original Notes are to be physically delivered to the Exchange Agent herewith by Holders: (ii) tender of Original Notes is to be made by book-entry transfer to the Exchange Agent’s account at The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear system (“Euroclear”), or Clearstream Banking S.A. (“Clearstream”) by any financial institution that is a participant in DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream, as applicable, and whose name appears on a security position listing as the owner of Original Notes (such participants, acting on behalf of Holders, are referred to herein, together with such Holders, as “Acting Holder”); or (iii) tender of Original Notes is to be made according to the guaranteed delivery procedures. DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS TO DTC, EUROCLEAR OR CLEARSTREAM DOES NOT CONSTITUTE DELIVERY TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT.

If delivery of the Original Notes is to be made by book-entry transfer to the account maintained by the Exchange Agent at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream as set forth in (ii) in the immediately preceding paragraph, this Letter of Transmittal need not be manually executed; provided, however, that tenders of Original Notes must be effected in accordance with the procedures mandated by DTC’s Automated Tender Offer Program (“ATOP”) or by Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be. If you wish to tender Original Notes in this manner, the electronic instructions sent to DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream and transmitted to the Exchange Agent must contain the character by which the participant acknowledges its receipt of and agrees to be bound by this Letter of Transmittal, just as if you had signed this Letter of Transmittal.

Unless the context requires otherwise, the term “Holder” for purposes of this Letter of Transmittal means: (i) any person in whose name Original Notes are registered on the books of the Company or any other person who has obtained a properly completed bond power from the registered Holder or (ii) any participant in DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream whose Original Notes are held of record by DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream who desires to deliver such Original Notes by book-entry transfer at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream.

Please read the entire Letter of Transmittal and the Prospectus carefully before checking any box below. The instructions included with this Letter of Transmittal must be followed. Questions and requests for assistance or for additional copies of the Prospectus and this Letter of Transmittal may be directed to the Exchange Agent at the address and telephone number set forth on the cover page of this Letter of Transmittal.

HOLDERS WHO WISH TO ACCEPT THE EXCHANGE OFFER AND TENDER THEIR ORIGINAL NOTES MUST COMPLETE THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL IN ITS ENTIRETY.

List below the Original Notes to which this Letter of Transmittal relates. If the space provided below is inadequate, the Certificate Numbers and Principal Amounts should be listed on a separate signed schedule affixed hereto. Tenders of Original Notes will be accepted only in authorized denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.

All Tendering Holders complete this Box 1:

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Box 1

DESCRIPTION OF ORIGINAL NOTES TENDERED |
Name(s) and Address(es) of Holder(s) (Please Fill in, if Blank, Exactly as Name(s) Appear(s) on Certificate(s)) |  | Series of Original Notes |  |  | Certificate or Registration Number(s) of Original Notes* |  |  | Aggregate Principal Amount Represented by Original Notes |  |  | Aggregate Principal Amount of Original Notes Being Tendered** |
|  |  | Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
*   Need not be completed by Holders tendering by book-entry transfer (see below). |
**   Unless otherwise indicated in this column and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus, a Holder will be deemed to have tendered the entire aggregate principal amount represented by the Notes indicated in the column labeled “Aggregate Principal Amount Represented by Original Notes.” See Instruction 2. |

Box 2

BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER ☐  CHECK HERE IF TENDERED ORIGINAL NOTES ARE BEING DELIVERED BY DTC, EUROCLEAR OR CLEARSTREAM TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT’S ACCOUNT AT DTC, EUROCLEAR OR CLEARSTREAM AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING:
Name of Tendering Institution: |  |
Account Number: |  |
Transaction Code Number: |  |

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Box 3

☐ |  | NOTICE OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY (See Instruction 1 Below) CHECK HERE AND ENCLOSE A PHOTOCOPY OF THE NOTICE OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY IF TENDERED OLD NOTES ARE BEING DELIVERED PURSUANT TO A NOTICE OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY PREVIOUSLY SENT TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING:
|  | Name(s) of Registered Holder(s): |  |  |  |

|  |  |  | Window Ticket Number (if any): |  |  |  |

|  |  |  | Date of Execution of Notice of Guaranteed Delivery: |  |  |  |

|  |  |  | Name of Institution which Guaranteed Delivery: |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | IF GUARANTEED DELIVERY IS TO BE MADE BY BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER: |  |

|  |  |  | Name of Tendering Institution: |  |  |  |

|  |  |  | Account Number: |  |  |  |

|  |  |  | Transaction Code Number: |  |  |  |

Box 4

RETURN OF NON-EXCHANGED ORIGINAL NOTES TENDERED BY BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER

| ☐ | CHECK HERE IF ORIGINAL NOTES TENDERED BY BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER AND NON-EXCHANGED ORIGINAL NOTES ARE TO BE RETURNED BY CREDITING THE ACCOUNT NUMBER SET FORTH ABOVE. |

Box 5

PARTICIPATING BROKER-DEALER |  |
☐  CHECK HERE IF YOU ARE A BROKER-DEALER AND WISH TO RECEIVE TEN (10) ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THE PROSPECTUS AND TEN (10) COPIES OF ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS THERETO. |  |

Name: |  |  |  |

Address: |  |  |  |

If the undersigned is not a broker-dealer, the undersigned represents that it is not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, a distribution of Exchange Notes. If the undersigned is a broker-dealer that will receive Exchange Notes for its own account in exchange for Original Notes that were acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, it acknowledges that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such Exchange Notes; however, by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, the undersigned will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act.

PLEASE READ THE ACCOMPANYING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

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Instructions to Letter of Transmittal

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Exchange Offer, the undersigned hereby tenders to the Company the above-described aggregate principal amount of Original Notes. Subject to, and effective upon, the acceptance for exchange of the Original Notes tendered herewith, the undersigned hereby exchanges, assigns and transfers to, or upon the order of, the Company all right, title and interest in and to such Original Notes. The undersigned hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Exchange Agent as the true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact of the undersigned (with full knowledge that said Exchange Agent also acts as the agent of the Company and as Trustee under the Indentures for the Original Notes and the Exchange Notes) to cause the Original Notes to be assigned, transferred and exchanged. The undersigned represents and warrants that it has full power and authority to tender, exchange, assign and transfer the Original Notes and to acquire Exchange Notes issuable upon the exchange of such tendered Original Notes, and that, when the same are accepted for exchange, the Company will acquire good and unencumbered title to the tendered Original Notes, free and clear of all liens, restrictions, charges and encumbrances and not subject to any adverse claim. The undersigned also warrants that it will, upon request, execute and deliver any additional documents deemed by the Exchange Agent or the Company to be necessary or desirable to complete the exchange, assignment and transfer of tendered Original Notes.

The Exchange Offer is subject to certain conditions as set forth in the Prospectus under the caption “The Exchange Offer—Conditions to the Exchange Offer.” The undersigned recognizes that as a result of these conditions (which may be waived, in whole or in part, by the Company) as more particularly set forth in the Prospectus, the Company may not be required to exchange any of the Original Notes tendered hereby and, in such event, the Original Notes not exchanged will be returned to the undersigned at the address shown below the signature of the undersigned.

By tendering Original Notes, each Holder of such Original Notes represents to the Company that (A) it is acquiring the Exchange Notes issued in the Exchange Offer in the ordinary course of its business, (B) at the time of the commencement of the Exchange Offer, it has no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the Exchange Notes issued in the Exchange Offer in violation of the provisions of the Securities Act (C) it is not an “affiliate,” as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act, of the Company or any guarantor of the Original Notes or the Exchange Notes and (D) if it is not a broker-dealer, that it is not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, the distribution of the Exchange Notes. By acknowledging that it will deliver and by delivering a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of such Exchange Notes, a broker-dealer is not deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act. Each Holder further represents that it is not acting on behalf of any persons or entities who could not truthfully make the foregoing representations.

The undersigned also acknowledges that the Exchange Offer is being made based on the Company’s understanding of an interpretation by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as set forth in no-action letters issued to third parties, including Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated (available June 5, 1991), Exxon Capital Holdings Corporation (available May 13, 1988), as interpreted in the SEC’s letter to Shearman & Sterling, dated July 2, 1993, or similar no-action letters, that the Exchange Notes issued in exchange for the Original Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by each Holder thereof (other than a broker-dealer who acquires such Exchange Notes directly from the Company for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act or any other available exemption under the Securities Act or any such Holder that is an “affiliate” of the Company within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act), without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act, provided that such Exchange Notes are acquired in the ordinary course of such Holder’s business and such Holder is not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, a distribution of such Exchange Notes and has no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution of such Exchange Notes. If a Holder of the Original Notes is an affiliate of the Company, is not acquiring the Exchange Notes in the ordinary course of its business, is engaged in or intends to engage in a distribution of the Exchange Notes or has any arrangement or understanding with respect to the distribution of the Exchange Notes to be acquired pursuant to the Exchange Offer, such Holder (x) may not rely on the applicable interpretations of the staff of the SEC and (y) must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any secondary resale transaction.

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For purposes of the Exchange Offer, the Company shall be deemed to have accepted validly tendered Original Notes when, as and if the Company has given oral or written notice thereof to the Exchange Agent, with written confirmation of any oral notice to be given promptly thereafter, and complied with the applicable provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement. If any tendered Original Notes are not accepted for exchange pursuant to the Exchange Offer for any reason or if Original Notes are submitted for a greater aggregate principal amount than the Holder desires to exchange, such unaccepted or non-exchanged Original Notes will be returned without expense to the tendering Holder thereof (or, in the case of Original Notes tendered by book-entry transfer into the Exchange Agent’s account at the book-entry transfer facility pursuant to customary book-entry transfer procedures, such non-exchanged Notes will be credited to an account maintained with such book-entry transfer facility) promptly after the expiration or termination of the Exchange Offer.

All authority conferred or agreed to be conferred by this Letter of Transmittal shall survive the death, incapacity or dissolution of the undersigned and every obligation under this Letter of Transmittal shall be binding upon the undersigned’s heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns.

The undersigned understands that tenders of Original Notes pursuant to the instructions hereto will constitute a binding agreement between the undersigned and the Company upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Exchange Offer.

Unless otherwise indicated herein in the box titled “Special Issuance Instructions” below, please issue the certificates representing the Exchange Notes issued in exchange for the Original Notes accepted for exchange and return any Original Notes not tendered or not exchanged, in the name(s) of the undersigned (or in either such event in the case of Original Notes tendered by DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream, by credit to the respective account at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream). Similarly, unless otherwise indicated under the box titled “Special Delivery Instructions” below, please send the certificates representing the Exchange Notes issued in exchange for the Original Notes accepted for exchange and any certificates for Original Notes not tendered or not exchanged (and accompanying documents as appropriate) to the undersigned at the address shown below the undersigned’s signatures, unless, in either event, tender is being made through DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream. In the event that both boxes titled “Special Issuance Instructions” and “Special Delivery Instructions” below are completed, please issue the certificates representing the Exchange Notes issued in exchange for the Original Notes accepted for exchange and return any Original Notes not tendered or not exchanged in the name(s) of, and send said certificates to, the person(s) so indicated. The undersigned recognizes that the Company has no obligation pursuant to the “Special Issuance Instructions” and “Special Delivery Instructions” to transfer any Original Notes from the name of the registered Holder(s) thereof if the Company does not accept for exchange any of the Original Notes so tendered.

THE UNDERSIGNED, BY COMPLETING THE BOX TITLED “DESCRIPTION OF OUTSTANDING NOTES TENDERED HEREWITH” ABOVE AND SIGNING THIS LETTER, WILL BE DEEMED TO HAVE TENDERED THE ORIGINAL NOTES AS SET FORTH IN SUCH BOX.

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Box 6

PLEASE SIGN HERE

(TO BE COMPLETED BY ALL TENDERING HOLDERS OF ORIGINAL NOTES REGARDLESS OF

WHETHER ORIGINAL NOTES ARE BEING PHYSICALLY DELIVERED HEREWITH)

(Please Also Complete the Accompanying IRS Form W-9)

Must be signed by registered Holder(s) exactly as name(s) appear(s) on certificate(s) for the Original Notes hereby tendered or, if tendered by a participant in DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream, exactly as such participant’s name appears on a security position listing as the owner of Original Notes, or by person(s) authorized to become registered Holder(s) by endorsements and documents transmitted with this Letter of Transmittal. If signature is by a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact, officer or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, such person must set forth his or her full title below under “Capacity” and submit evidence satisfactory to the Company of such person’s authority to so act. See Instruction 3 herein.

X |  | Date: |  |
X |  | Date: |  |
|  | (Signature(s) of Holder(s) or Authorized Signatory) |  |  |  |

Name(s): |  |

(Please Print)

Capacity(ies): |  |

Address: |  |

(Including Zip Code)

Area Code and Telephone No.: |  |

Tax Identification or Social Security No(s).: |  |

DTC Account Number: |  |

GUARANTEE OF SIGNATURE(S)

(If Required—See Instruction 3 below)

(Authorized Signature)

Date: |  |  |  |

Name: |  |

Title: |  |

Name of Firm: |  |

Address of Firm: |  |

(Including Zip Code)

Area Code and Telephone No.: |  |

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Box 7

SPECIAL ISSUANCE INSTRUCTIONS

(See Instruction 4 Below)

To be completed ONLY if certificates for Original Notes of a series in a principal amount not tendered or exchanged are to be issued in the name of, or certificates for the Exchange Notes of such series issued pursuant to the Exchange Offer are to be issued to the order of, someone other than the person or persons whose signature(s) appear(s) within this Letter of Transmittal or issued to an address different from that shown in the box titled “Description of Original Notes” within this Letter of Transmittal, or if Original Notes tendered by book-entry transfer that are not accepted are maintained at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream other than the account indicated above.

Name: |  |

(Please Print)

Address: |  |

(Including Zip Code)

Tax Identification or Social Security No.: |  |

Box 8

SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS

(See Instruction 4 Below)

To be completed ONLY if certificates for Original Notes of a series in a principal amount not tendered or exchanged or the Exchange Notes of such series issued pursuant to the Exchange Offer are to be sent to someone other than the person or person(s) whose signature(s) appear(s) within this Letter of Transmittal or to an address different from that shown in the box titled “Description of Original Notes” within this Letter of Transmittal or to be credited to an account maintained at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream other than the account indicated above.

Name: |  |

(Please Print)

Address: |  |

(Including Zip Code)

Tax Identification or Social Security No.: |  |

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INSTRUCTIONS

FORMING PART OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE EXCHANGE OFFER

1. | Delivery of This Letter Of Transmittal and Original Notes.

The certificates for the tendered Original Notes (or a confirmation of a book-entry into the Exchange Agent’s account at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream of all Original Notes delivered electronically), as well as a properly completed and duly executed copy of this Letter of Transmittal and any other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal must be received by the Exchange Agent at its address set forth herein prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Expiration Date. The Company may extend the Expiration Date in its sole discretion by a public announcement given no later than 9:00 A.M., New York City time, on the next business day following the previously scheduled Expiration Date.

The method of delivery of the tendered Original Notes, this Letter of Transmittal and all other required documents to the Exchange Agent is at the election and sole risk of the Holder and, except as otherwise provided below, the delivery will be deemed made only when actually received by the Exchange Agent. Instead of delivery by mail, Holders should use an overnight or hand delivery service. If such delivery is by mail, the Company recommends registered mail, properly insured, with return receipt requested. In all cases, sufficient time should be allowed to assure timely delivery to the Exchange Agent prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer. No Letter of Transmittal, Original Notes, or other required document should be sent to the Company.

Holders who wish to tender their Original Notes and (i) whose Original Notes are not immediately available or (ii) who cannot deliver their Original Notes, this Letter of Transmittal or any other documents required hereby to the Exchange Agent prior to the Exchange Date, or who cannot complete the procedure for book-entry transfer on a timely basis must tender their Original Notes and follow the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth in the Prospectus. Pursuant to such procedures: (i) such tender must be made by or through an Eligible Institution (as defined below); (ii) prior to the Expiration Date, the Exchange Agent must have received from the Eligible Institution a properly completed and duly executed Notice of Guaranteed Delivery (by mail, hand delivery, or overnight courier) setting forth the name and address of the Holder of the Original Notes, the certificate number or numbers of such Original Notes and the principal amount of Original Notes tendered, stating that the tender is being made thereby and guaranteeing that within three New York Stock Exchange trading days after the Expiration Date, this Letter of Transmittal (or copy thereof) (or electronic instructions containing the character by which the participant acknowledges its receipt of and agrees to be bound by this Letter of Transmittal) together with the certificate(s) representing the Original Notes (or a confirmation of electronic mail delivery of book-entry delivery into the Exchange Agent’s account at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream) and any of the required documents will be deposited by the Eligible Institution with the Exchange Agent; and (iii) such properly completed and executed Letter of Transmittal (or copy thereof) (or electronic instructions containing the character by which the participant acknowledges its receipt of and agrees to be bound by this Letter of Transmittal), as well as all other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal, and the certificate(s) representing all tendered Original Notes in proper form for transfer (or a confirmation of electronic mail delivery of book-entry delivery into the Exchange Agent’s account at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream), must be received by the Exchange Agent within three New York Stock Exchange trading days after the Expiration Date. Any Holder of Original Notes who wishes to tender these Original Notes pursuant to the guaranteed delivery procedures described above must ensure that the Exchange Agent receives the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Expiration Date.

All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility (including time of receipt), acceptance and withdrawal of tendered Original Notes will be determined by the Company in its sole discretion, which determination will be final and binding. The Company reserves the absolute right to reject any and all Original Notes not properly tendered or any Original Notes the Company’s acceptance of which would, in the opinion of the Company or the Company’s counsel, be unlawful. The Company also reserves the absolute right to waive any defects, irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular Original Notes based on the specific facts or circumstances. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company does not expect to treat any Holder of Original Notes differently to the extent they present the same facts or circumstances. The Company’s interpretation of the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer (including the instructions in this Letter of Transmittal) either before or after the Expiration Date will be in its sole discretion and will be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects

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or irregularities in connection with tenders of Original Notes must be cured within such time as the Company shall determine. Although the Company intends to notify Holders of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of Original Notes, neither the Company, the Exchange Agent nor any other person shall be under any duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of Original Notes, nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification. Tenders of Original Notes will not be deemed to have been made until such defects or irregularities have been cured or waived and will be returned without cost by the Exchange Agent to the tendering Holders of Original Notes, unless otherwise provided in this Letter of Transmittal, promptly after the expiration or termination of the Exchange Offer.

2. | Partial Tenders; Withdrawals.

If less than all Original Notes are tendered, the tendering Holder should fill in the aggregate principal amount of Original Notes tendered in the fourth column of the box titled “Description of Original Notes.” All Original Notes delivered to the Exchange Agent will be deemed to have been tendered unless otherwise indicated. If not all Original Notes are tendered, Original Notes for the principal amount of Original Notes delivered to the Exchange Agent will be deemed to have been tendered unless otherwise indicated. If not all Original Notes are tendered, a certificate or certificates representing Exchange Notes issued in exchange for any Original Notes tendered and accepted will be sent to the Holder at his or her registered address, unless a different address is provided in the appropriate box in this Letter of Transmittal or unless tender is made through DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream, promptly after the Original Notes are accepted for exchange.

Tendering Holders may withdraw tenders of Original Notes at any time prior to the Expiration Date. For the withdrawal to be effective, a Holder must send a written notice of withdrawal to the Exchange Agent at the address set forth herein. For more information on withdrawal rights, see the section titled “The Exchange Offer—Withdrawal Rights” in the Prospectus.

3. | Signature on the Letter of Transmittal; Bond Power and Endorsements; Guarantee of Signatures.

If this Letter of Transmittal (or copy hereof) is signed by the registered Holder of the Original Notes tendered hereby, the signature must correspond with the name as written on the face of the Original Notes without alteration, enlargement or any change whatsoever.

If this Letter of Transmittal (or copy hereof) is signed by the registered Holder of Original Notes tendered and the certificate(s) for Exchange Notes issued in exchange therefor is to be issued (or any untendered number of Original Notes is to be reissued) to the registered Holder, such Holder need not and should not endorse any tendered Original Note, nor provide a separate bond power. In any other case, such Holder must either properly endorse the Original Notes tendered or transmit a properly completed separate bond power with this Letter of Transmittal, with the signature on the endorsement or bond power guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

If this Letter of Transmittal (or copy hereof) is signed by a person other than the registered Holder of Original Notes listed therein, such Original Notes must be endorsed or accompanied by properly completed bond powers which authorized such person to tender the Original Notes on behalf of the registered Holder, in either case signed as the name of the registered Holder appears on the Original Notes.

If this Letter of Transmittal (or copy hereof) or any Original Notes or bond powers are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, or officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, such persons should so indicate when signing and unless waived by the Company, evidence satisfactory to the Company of their authority to so act must be submitted with this Letter of Transmittal.

Endorsements on Original Notes or signatures on bond powers required by this Instruction 3 must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

Signatures on this Letter of Transmittal (or copy hereof) or a notice of withdrawal, as the case may be, must be guaranteed by a member firm of a registered national securities exchange or of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, a commercial bank or trust company having an office or correspondent in the United States or an “eligible guarantor institution” within the meaning of Rule 17Ad-15 under the Exchange Act (an “Eligible Institution”) unless the Original Notes tendered pursuant thereto are tendered (i) by a registered Holder (including any participant in DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream

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whose name appears on a security position listing as the owner of Original Notes) who has not completed the box set forth herein titled “Special Issuance Instructions” or “Special Delivery Instructions” of this Letter of Transmittal or (ii) for the account of an Eligible Institution.

4. | Special Issuance and Delivery Instructions.

Tendering Holders should include, in the applicable spaces, the name and address to which Exchange Notes or substitute Original Notes for the aggregate principal amount not tendered or exchanged are to be sent, if different from the name and address of the person signing this Letter of Transmittal (or in the case of tender of the Original Notes through DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream, if different from the account maintained at DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream indicated above). In the case of issuance in a different name, the taxpayer identification or social security number of the person named must also be indicated.

5. | Transfer Taxes.

Holders who tender their Original Notes for Exchange Notes will not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes in connection with the exchange. If, however, certificates representing Exchange Notes, or Original Notes for principal amounts not tendered or accepted for exchange, are to be delivered to, or are to be issued in the name of, any person other than the registered Holder of the Original Notes tendered hereby, or if a transfer tax is imposed for any reason other than the exchange of Original Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer, then the amount of any such transfer taxes (whether imposed on the registered Holder or any other person) will be payable by the tendering Holder. If satisfactory evidence of payment of such taxes or exemption therefrom is not submitted herewith, the amount of such transfer taxes will be billed directly to such tendering Holder.

Except as provided in this Instruction 5, it will not be necessary for transfer tax stamps to be affixed to the Original Notes listed in this Letter of Transmittal.

6. | Waiver of Conditions.

The Company reserves the absolute right to amend, waive or modify, in whole or in part, any of the conditions to the Exchange Offer set forth in the Prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a material change in the Exchange Offer, including the Company’s waiver of a material condition, the Company will extend the Exchange Offer period if required by applicable law so that at least five business days remain in the Exchange Offer following notice of the material change.

7. | Mutilated, Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Notes.

Any Holder whose Original Notes have been mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed should contact the Exchange Agent at the address indicated above for further instructions.

8. | Requests for Assistance or Additional Copies.

Questions relating to the procedure for tendering, as well as requests for additional copies of the Prospectus and this Letter of Transmittal, may be directed to the Exchange Agent at the address and telephone number set forth above. In addition, all questions relating to the Exchange Offer, as well as requests for assistance, may be directed to the Exchange Agent at the address specified in the Prospectus.

9. | Irregularities.

All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility (including time of receipt) and acceptance of Letters of Transmittal or Original Notes will be determined by the Company, in its sole discretion, which determination will be final and binding. The Company reserves the absolute right to reject any or all Letters of Transmittal or tenders that are not in proper form or the acceptance of which would, in the opinion of the Company or the Company’s counsel, be unlawful. The Company also reserves the right to waive any defaults, irregularities or conditions of tender as to the particular Original Notes covered by any Letter of Transmittal or tendered pursuant to such Letter of Transmittal based on the specific facts or circumstances.

11

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company does not expect to treat any Holder of Original Notes differently to the extent they present the same facts or circumstances. None of the Company, the Exchange Agent or any other person will be under any duty to give notification of any defects or irregularities in tenders or incur any liability for failure to give any such notification. The Company’s interpretation of the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer either before or after the Expiration Date shall be final and binding.

10. | No Conditional Tenders.

No alternative, conditional, irregular or contingent tenders will be accepted unless consented to by the Company. All tendering Holders of Original Notes, by execution of this Letter of Transmittal, shall waive any right to receive notice of the acceptance of their Original Notes for exchange.

11. | Definitions.

Capitalized terms used in this Letter of Transmittal and not otherwise defined have the meanings given in the Prospectus.

IMPORTANT: THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL (TOGETHER WITH CERTIFICATES FOR ORIGINAL NOTES AND ALL OTHER REQUIRED DOCUMENTS) OR A NOTICE OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY MUST BE RECEIVED BY THE EXCHANGE AGENT ON OR PRIOR TO 5:00 P.M., NEW YORK CITY TIME ON THE EXPIRATION DATE.

12

Form W-9 (Rev. March 2024) Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service |  | Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification Go to www.irs.gov/FormW9 for instructions and the latest information. |  | Give form to the requester. Do not send to the IRS.
Before you begin. For guidance related to the purpose of Form W-9, see Purpose of Form, below.

Print or type. See Specific Instructions on page 3. |  | 1Name of entity/individual. An entry is required. (For a sole proprietor or disregarded entity, enter the owner’s name on line 1, and enter the business/disregarded entity’s name on line 2.)
| 2 Business name/disregarded entity name, if different from above. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 aCheck the appropriate box for federal tax classification of the entity/individual whose name is entered on line 1. Check only one of the following seven boxes. |  |  |  | 4Exemptions (codes apply only to certain entities, not individuals; see instructions on page 3):
| ☐ Individual/sole proprietor |  | ☐ C corporation |  | ☐ |  | S corporation |  | ☐ |  | Partnership |  | ☐ |  | Trust/estate |  |  |  | Exempt payee code (if any)
| ☐ LLC. Enter the tax classification (C = C corporation, S = S corporation, P = Partnership) . . . . Note: Check the “LLC” box above and, in the entry space, enter the appropriate code (C, S, or P) for the tax classification of the LLC, unless it is a disregarded entity. A disregarded entity should instead check the appropriate box for the tax classification of its owner. ☐ Other (see instructions) |  |  |  | Exemption from Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) reporting code (if any) (Applies to accounts maintained outside the United States.)
| 3bIf on line 3a you checked “Partnership” or “Trust/estate,” or checked “LLC” and entered “P” as its tax classification, and you are providing this form to a partnership, trust, or estate in which you have an ownership interest, check this box if you have any foreign partners, owners, or beneficiaries. See instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ☐ |  |  |  |
| 5Address (number, street, and apt. or suite no.). See instructions. |  |  |  | Requester’s name and address (optional)
|  | 6City, state, and ZIP code |  |
|  | 7List account number(s) here (optional) |  |  |  |  |  |

Part I |  | Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)

Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. The TIN provided must match the name given on line 1 to avoid backup withholding. For individuals, this is generally your social security number (SSN). However, for a resident alien, sole proprietor, or disregarded entity, see the instructions for Part I, later. For other entities, it is your employer identification number (EIN). If you do not have a number, see How to get a TIN, later. Note: If the account is in more than one name, see the instructions for line 1. See also What Name and Number To Give the Requester for guidelines on whose number to enter. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Social security number
|  |  |  |  |  |  | – |  |  |  |  |  | – |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| or |  |  |  |
| Employer Identification number |  |
|  |  |  |  | – |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Part II |  | Certification

Under penalties of perjury, I certify that: 1.  The number shown on this form is my correct taxpayer identification number (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me); and 2.  I am not subject to backup withholding because (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am no longer subject to backup withholding; and 3.  I am a U.S. citizen or other U.S. person (defined below); and 4.  The FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that I am exempt from FATCA reporting is correct. Certification instructions. You must cross out item 2 above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are currently subject to backup withholding because you have failed to report all interest and dividends on your tax return. For real estate transactions, item 2 does not apply. For mortgage interest paid, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, contributions to an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), and, generally, payments other than interest and dividends, you are not required to sign the certification, but you must provide your correct TIN. See the instructions for Part II, later. |  |  |  |

Sign Here |  | Signature of U.S. person |  | Date

General Instructions

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.

Future developments. For the latest information about developments related to Form W-9 and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were published, go to www.irs.gov/FormW9.

What’s New

Line 3a has been modified to clarify how a disregarded entity completes this line. An LLC that is a disregarded entity should check the appropriate box for the tax classification of its owner. Otherwise, it should check the “LLC” box and enter its appropriate tax classification.

|  | Cat. No. 10231X |  | Form W-9 (Rev. 3-2024)

Form W-9 (Rev. 3-2024) |  | Page |  | 2

New line 3b has been added to this form. A flow-through entity is required to complete this line to indicate that it has direct or indirect foreign partners, owners, or beneficiaries when it provides the Form W-9 to another flow-through entity in which it has an ownership interest. This change is intended to provide a flow-through entity with information regarding the status of its indirect foreign partners, owners, or beneficiaries, so that it can satisfy any applicable reporting requirements. For example, a partnership that has any indirect foreign partners may be required to complete Schedules K-2 and K-3. See the Partnership Instructions for Schedules K-2 and K-3 (Form 1065).

Purpose of Form

An individual or entity (Form W-9 requester) who is required to file an information return with the IRS is giving you this form because they must obtain your correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), which may be your social security number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer identification number (EIN), to report on an information return the amount paid to you, or other amount reportable on an information return. Examples of information returns include, but are not limited to, the following.

• |  | Form 1099-INT (interest earned or paid).

• |  | Form 1099-DIV (dividends, including those from stocks or mutual funds).

• |  | Form 1099-MISC (various types of income, prizes, awards, or gross proceeds).

• |  | Form 1099-NEC (nonemployee compensation).

• |  | Form 1099-B (stock or mutual fund sales and certain other transactions by brokers).

• |  | Form 1099-S (proceeds from real estate transactions).

• |  | Form 1099-K (merchant card and third-party network transactions).

• |  | Form 1098 (home mortgage interest), 1098-E (student loan interest), and 1098-T (tuition).

• |  | Form 1099-C (canceled debt).

• |  | Form 1099-A (acquisition or abandonment of secured property).

Use Form W-9 only if you are a U.S. person (including a resident alien), to provide your correct TIN.

Caution: If you don’t return Form W-9 to the requester with a TIN, you might be subject to backup withholding. See What is backup withholding, later.

By signing the filled-out form, you:

1. Certify that the TIN you are giving is correct (or you are waiting for a number to be issued);

2. Certify that you are not subject to backup withholding; or

3. Claim exemption from backup withholding if you are a U.S. exempt payee; and

4. Certify to your non-foreign status for purposes of withholding under chapter 3 or 4 of the Code (if applicable); and

5. Certify that FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that you are exempt from the FATCA reporting is correct. See What Is FATCA Reporting, later, for further information.

Note: If you are a U.S. person and a requester gives you a form other than Form W-9 to request your TIN, you must use the requester’s form if it is substantially similar to this Form W-9.

Definition of a U.S. person. For federal tax purposes, you are considered a U.S. person if you are:

• |  | An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien;

• |  | A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States;

• |  | An estate (other than a foreign estate); or

• |  | A domestic trust (as defined in Regulations section 301.7701-7).

Establishing U.S. status for purposes of chapter 3 and chapter 4 withholding. Payments made to foreign persons, including certain distributions, allocations of income, or transfers of sales proceeds, may be subject to withholding under chapter 3 or chapter 4 of the Code (sections 1441-1474). Under those rules, if a Form W-9 or other certification of non-foreign status has not been received, a withholding agent, transferee, or partnership (payor) generally applies presumption rules that may require the payor to withhold applicable tax from the recipient, owner, transferor, or partner (payee). See Pub. 515, Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Entities.

The following persons must provide Form W-9 to the payor for purposes of establishing its non-foreign status.

• |  | In the case of a disregarded entity with a U.S. owner, the U.S. owner of the disregarded entity and not the disregarded entity.

• |  | In the case of a grantor trust with a U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner, generally, the U.S. grantor or other U.S. owner of the grantor trust and not the grantor trust.

• |  | In the case of a U.S. trust (other than a grantor trust), the U.S. trust and not the beneficiaries of the trust.

See Pub. 515 for more information on providing a Form W-9 or a certification of non-foreign status to avoid withholding.

Foreign person. If you are a foreign person or the U.S. branch of a foreign bank that has elected to be treated as a U.S. person (under Regulations section 1.1441-1(b)(2)(iv) or other applicable section for chapter 3 or 4 purposes), do not use Form W-9. Instead, use the appropriate Form W-8 or Form 8233 (see Pub. 515). If you are a qualified foreign pension fund under Regulations section 1.897(l)-1(d), or a partnership that is wholly owned by

qualified foreign pension funds, that is treated as a non-foreign person for purposes of section 1445 withholding, do not use Form W-9. Instead, use Form W-8EXP (or other certification of non-foreign status).

Nonresident alien who becomes a resident alien. Generally, only a nonresident alien individual may use the terms of a tax treaty to reduce or eliminate U.S. tax on certain types of income. However, most tax treaties contain a provision known as a saving clause. Exceptions specified in the saving clause may permit an exemption from tax to continue for certain types of income even after the payee has otherwise become a U.S. resident alien for tax purposes.

If you are a U.S. resident alien who is relying on an exception contained in the saving clause of a tax treaty to claim an exemption from U.S. tax on certain types of income, you must attach a statement to Form W-9 that specifies the following five items.

1. The treaty country. Generally, this must be the same treaty under which you claimed exemption from tax as a nonresident alien.

2. The treaty article addressing the income.

3. The article number (or location) in the tax treaty that contains the saving clause and its exceptions.

4. The type and amount of income that qualifies for the exemption from tax.

5. Sufficient facts to justify the exemption from tax under the terms of the treaty article.

Example. Article 20 of the U.S.-China income tax treaty allows an exemption from tax for scholarship income received by a Chinese student temporarily present in the United States. Under U.S. law, this student will become a resident alien for tax purposes if their stay in the United States exceeds 5 calendar years. However, paragraph 2 of the first Protocol to the U.S.-China treaty (dated April 30, 1984) allows the provisions of Article 20 to continue to apply even after the Chinese student becomes a resident alien of the United States. A Chinese student who qualifies for this exception (under paragraph 2 of the first Protocol) and is relying on this exception to claim an exemption from tax on their scholarship or fellowship income would attach to Form W-9 a statement that includes the information described above to support that exemption.

If you are a nonresident alien or a foreign entity, give the requester the appropriate completed Form W-8 or Form 8233.

Backup Withholding

What is backup withholding? Persons making certain payments to you must under certain conditions withhold and pay to the IRS 24% of such payments. This is called “backup withholding.” Payments that may be subject to backup withholding include, but are not limited to, interest, tax-exempt interest, dividends, broker and barter exchange transactions, rents, royalties, nonemployee pay, payments made in settlement of payment card and third-party network transactions, and certain payments from fishing boat operators. Real estate transactions are not subject to backup withholding.

You will not be subject to backup withholding on payments you receive if you give the requester your correct TIN, make the proper certifications, and report all your taxable interest and dividends on your tax return.

Payments you receive will be subject to backup withholding if:

1. You do not furnish your TIN to the requester;

2. You do not certify your TIN when required (see the instructions for Part II for details);

3. The IRS tells the requester that you furnished an incorrect TIN;

4. The IRS tells you that you are subject to backup withholding because you did not report all your interest and dividends on your tax return (for reportable interest and dividends only); or

5. You do not certify to the requester that you are not subject to backup withholding, as described in item 4 under “By signing the filled-out form” above (for reportable interest and dividend accounts opened after 1983 only).

Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding. See Exempt payee code, later, and the separate Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9 for more information.

See also Establishing U.S. status for purposes of chapter 3 and chapter 4 withholding, earlier.

What Is FATCA Reporting?

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires a participating foreign financial institution to report all U.S. account holders that are specified U.S. persons. Certain payees are exempt from FATCA reporting. See Exemption from FATCA reporting code, later, and the Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9 for more information.

Updating Your Information

You must provide updated information to any person to whom you claimed to be an exempt payee if you are no longer an exempt payee and anticipate receiving reportable payments in the future from this person. For example, you may need to provide updated information if you are a C corporation that elects to be an S corporation, or if you are no longer tax exempt. In addition, you must furnish a new Form W-9 if the name or TIN changes for the account, for example, if the grantor of a grantor trust dies.

Penalties

Failure to furnish TIN. If you fail to furnish your correct TIN to a requester, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

Form W-9 (Rev. 3-2024) |  | Page |  | 3

Civil penalty for false information with respect to withholding. If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty.

Criminal penalty for falsifying information. Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

Misuse of TINs. If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.

Specific Instructions

Line 1

You must enter one of the following on this line; do not leave this line blank. The name should match the name on your tax return.

If this Form W-9 is for a joint account (other than an account maintained by a foreign financial institution (FFI)), list first, and then circle, the name of the person or entity whose number you entered in Part I of Form W-9. If you are providing Form W-9 to an FFI to document a joint account, each holder of the account that is a U.S. person must provide a Form W-9.

•Individual. Generally, enter the name shown on your tax return. If you have changed your last name without informing the Social Security Administration (SSA) of the name change, enter your first name, the last name as shown on your social security card, and your new last name.

Note for ITIN applicant: Enter your individual name as it was entered on your Form W-7 application, line 1a. This should also be the same as the name you entered on the Form 1040 you filed with your application.

•Sole proprietor. Enter your individual name as shown on your Form 1040 on line 1. Enter your business, trade, or “doing business as” (DBA) name on line 2.

•Partnership, C corporation, S corporation, or LLC, other than a disregarded entity. Enter the entity’s name as shown on the entity’s tax return on line 1 and any business, trade, or DBA name on line 2.

•Other entities. Enter your name as shown on required U.S. federal tax documents on line 1. This name should match the name shown on the charter or other legal document creating the entity. Enter any business, trade, or DBA name on line 2.

•Disregarded entity. In general, a business entity that has a single owner, including an LLC, and is not a corporation, is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner (a disregarded entity). See Regulations section 301.7701-2(c)(2). A disregarded entity should check the appropriate box for the tax classification of its owner. Enter the owner’s name on line 1. The name of the owner entered on line 1 should never be a disregarded entity. The name on line 1 should be the name shown on the income tax return on which the income should be reported. For example, if a foreign LLC that is treated as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal tax purposes has a single owner that is a U.S. person, the U.S. owner’s name is required to be provided on line 1. If the direct owner of the entity is also a disregarded entity, enter the first owner that is not disregarded for federal tax purposes. Enter the disregarded entity’s name on line 2. If the owner of the disregarded entity is a foreign person, the owner must complete an appropriate Form W-8 instead of a Form W-9. This is the case even if the foreign person has a U.S. TIN.

Line 2

If you have a business name, trade name, DBA name, or disregarded entity name, enter it on line 2.

Line 3a

Check the appropriate box on line 3a for the U.S. federal tax classification of the person whose name is entered on line 1. Check only one box on line 3a.

IF the entity/individual on line 1 is a(n) . . . |  | THEN check the box for . . .
• Corporation |  | Corporation.
• Individual or • Sole proprietorship |  | Individual/sole proprietor.
• LLC classified as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes or • LLC that has filed Form 8832 or 2553 electing to be taxed as a corporation |  | Limited liability company and enter the appropriate tax classification: P = Partnership, C = C corporation, or S = S corporation.
• Partnership |  | Partnership.
• Trust/estate |  | Trust/estate.

Line 3b

Check this box if you are a partnership (including an LLC classified as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes), trust, or estate that has any foreign partners, owners, or beneficiaries, and you are providing this form to a partnership, trust, or estate, in which you have an ownership interest. You must check the box on line 3b if you receive a Form W-8 (or documentary evidence) from any partner, owner, or beneficiary establishing foreign status or if you receive a Form W-9 from any partner, owner, or beneficiary that has checked the box on line 3b.

Note: A partnership that provides a Form W-9 and checks box 3b may be required to complete Schedules K-2 and K-3 (Form 1065). For more information, see the Partnership Instructions for Schedules K-2 and K-3 (Form 1065).

If you are required to complete line 3b but fail to do so, you may not receive the information necessary to file a correct information return with the IRS or furnish a correct payee statement to your partners or beneficiaries. See, for example, sections 6698, 6722, and 6724 for penalties that may apply.

Line 4 Exemptions

If you are exempt from backup withholding and/or FATCA reporting, enter in the appropriate space on line 4 any code(s) that may apply to you.

Exempt payee code.

•  Generally, individuals (including sole proprietors) are not exempt from backup withholding.

•  Except as provided below, corporations are exempt from backup withholding for certain payments, including interest and dividends.

•  Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding for payments made in settlement of payment card or third-party network transactions.

•  Corporations are not exempt from backup withholding with respect to attorneys’ fees or gross proceeds paid to attorneys, and corporations that provide medical or health care services are not exempt with respect to payments reportable on Form 1099-MISC.

The following codes identify payees that are exempt from backup withholding. Enter the appropriate code in the space on line 4.

1 — An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any IRA, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2).

2 — The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.

3 — A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or territory, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities.

4 — A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities.

5 — A corporation.

6 — A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United States, the District of Columbia, or a U.S. commonwealth or territory.

7 — A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

8 — A real estate investment trust.

9 — An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

10 — A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).

11 — A financial institution as defined under section 581.

12 — A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian.

13 — A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947.

The following chart shows types of payments that may be exempt from backup withholding. The chart applies to the exempt payees listed above, 1 through 13.

IF the payment is for... |  | THEN the payment is exempt for…
• Interest and dividend payments |  | All exempt payees except for 7.
• Broker transactions |  | Exempt payees 1 through 4 and 6 through 11 and all C corporations. S corporations must not enter an exempt payee code because they are exempt only for sales of noncovered securities acquired prior to 2012.
• Barter exchange transactions and patronage dividends |  | Exempt payees 1 through 4.
• Payments over $600 required to be reported and direct sales over $5,0001 |  | Generally, exempt payees 1 through 5.2
• Payments made in settlement of payment card or third-party network transactions |  | Exempt payees 1 through 4.

1 | See Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Information, and its instructions.

2 | However, the following payments made to a corporation and reportable on Form 1099-MISC are not exempt from backup withholding: medical and health care payments, attorneys’ fees, gross proceeds paid to an attorney reportable under section 6045(f), and payments for services paid by a federal executive agency.

Exemption from FATCA reporting code. The following codes identify payees that are exempt from reporting under FATCA. These codes apply to persons submitting this form for accounts maintained outside of the United States by certain foreign financial institutions. Therefore, if you are only submitting this form for an account you hold in the United States, you may leave this field blank. Consult with the person requesting this form if you are uncertain if the financial institution is subject to these requirements. A requester may indicate that a code is not required by providing you with a Form W-9 with “Not Applicable” (or any similar indication) entered on the line for a FATCA exemption code.

A — An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) or any individual retirement plan as defined in section 7701(a)(37).

B — The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.

Form W-9 (Rev. 3-2024) |  | Page |  | 4

C — A state, the District of Columbia, a U.S. commonwealth or territory, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities.

D — A corporation the stock of which is regularly traded on one or more established securities markets, as described in Regulations section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i).

E — A corporation that is a member of the same expanded affiliated group as a corporation described in Regulations section 1.1472-1(c)(1)(i).

F — A dealer in securities, commodities, or derivative financial instruments (including notional principal contracts, futures, forwards, and options) that is registered as such under the laws of the United States or any state.

G — A real estate investment trust.

H — A regulated investment company as defined in section 851 or an entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

I — A common trust fund as defined in section 584(a).

J — A bank as defined in section 581.

K — A broker.

L — A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947(a)(1).

M — A tax-exempt trust under a section 403(b) plan or section 457(g) plan.

Note: You may wish to consult with the financial institution requesting this form to determine whether the FATCA code and/or exempt payee code should be completed.

Line 5

Enter your address (number, street, and apartment or suite number). This is where the requester of this Form W-9 will mail your information returns. If this address differs from the one the requester already has on file, enter “NEW” at the top. If a new address is provided, there is still a chance the old address will be used until the payor changes your address in their records.

Line 6

Enter your city, state, and ZIP code.

Part I. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)

Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. If you are a resident alien and you do not have, and are not eligible to get, an SSN, your TIN is your IRS ITIN. Enter it in the entry space for the Social security number. If you do not have an ITIN, see How to get a TIN below.

If you are a sole proprietor and you have an EIN, you may enter either your SSN or EIN.

If you are a single-member LLC that is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner, enter the owner’s SSN (or EIN, if the owner has one). If the LLC is classified as a corporation or partnership, enter the entity’s EIN.

Note: See What Name and Number To Give the Requester, later, for further clarification of name and TIN combinations.

How to get a TIN. If you do not have a TIN, apply for one immediately. To apply for an SSN, get Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, from your local SSA office or get this form online at www.SSA.gov. You may also get this form by calling 800-772-1213. Use Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, to apply for an ITIN, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, to apply for an EIN. You can apply for an EIN online by accessing the IRS website at www.irs.gov/EIN. Go to www.irs.gov/Forms to view, download, or print Form W-7 and/or Form SS-4. Or, you can go to www.irs.gov/OrderForms to place an order and have Form W-7 and/or Form SS-4 mailed to you within 15 business days.

If you are asked to complete Form W-9 but do not have a TIN, apply for a TIN and enter “Applied For” in the space for the TIN, sign and date the form, and give it to the requester. For interest and dividend payments, and certain payments made with respect to readily tradable instruments, you will generally have 60 days to get a TIN and give it to the requester before you are subject to backup withholding on payments. The 60-day rule does not apply to other types of payments. You will be subject to backup withholding on all such payments until you provide your TIN to the requester.

Note: Entering “Applied For” means that you have already applied for a TIN or that you intend to apply for one soon. See also Establishing U.S. status for purposes of chapter 3 and chapter 4 withholding, earlier, for when you may instead be subject to withholding under chapter 3 or 4 of the Code.

Caution: A disregarded U.S. entity that has a foreign owner must use the appropriate Form W-8.

Part II. Certification

To establish to the withholding agent that you are a U.S. person, or resident alien, sign Form W-9. You may be requested to sign by the withholding agent even if item 1, 4, or 5 below indicates otherwise.

For a joint account, only the person whose TIN is shown in Part I should sign (when required). In the case of a disregarded entity, the person identified on line 1 must sign. Exempt payees, see Exempt payee code, earlier.

Signature requirements. Complete the certification as indicated in items 1 through 5 below.

1. Interest, dividend, and barter exchange accounts opened before 1984 and broker accounts considered active during 1983. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.

2. Interest, dividend, broker, and barter exchange accounts opened after 1983 and broker accounts considered inactive during 1983. You must sign the certification or backup withholding will apply. If you are subject to backup withholding and you are merely providing your correct TIN to the requester, you must cross out item 2 in the certification before signing the form.

3. Real estate transactions. You must sign the certification. You may cross out item 2 of the certification.

4. Other payments. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification unless you have been notified that you have previously given an incorrect TIN. “Other payments” include payments made in the course of the requester’s trade or business for rents, royalties, goods (other than bills for merchandise), medical and health care services (including payments to corporations), payments to a nonemployee for services, payments made in settlement of payment card and third-party network transactions, payments to certain fishing boat crew members and fishermen, and gross proceeds paid to attorneys (including payments to corporations).

5. Mortgage interest paid by you, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, qualified tuition program payments (under section 529), ABLE accounts (under section 529A), IRA, Coverdell ESA, Archer MSA or HSA contributions or distributions, and pension distributions. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.

What Name and Number To Give the Requester

|  | For this type of account: |  | Give name and SSN of:
1. |  | Individual |  | The individual
2. |  | Two or more individuals (joint account) other than an account maintained by an FFI |  | The actual owner of the account or, if combined funds, the first individual on the account1
3. |  | Two or more U.S. persons (joint account maintained by an FFI) |  | Each holder of the account
4. |  | Custodial account of a minor (Uniform Gift to Minors Act) |  | The minor2
5. |  | a. The usual revocable savings trust (grantor is also trustee) |  | The grantor-trustee1
|  | b. So-called trust account that is not a legal or valid trust under state law |  | The actual owner1
6. |  | Sole proprietorship or disregarded entity owned by an individual |  | The owner3
7. |  | Grantor trust filing under Optional Filing Method 1 (see Regulations section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i)(A))** |  | The grantor*
For this type of account: |  | Give name and EIN of:
8. |  | Disregarded entity not owned by an individual |  | The owner
9. |  | A valid trust, estate, or pension trust |  | Legal entity4
10. |  | Corporation or LLC electing corporate status on Form 8832 or Form 2553 |  | The corporation
11. |  | Association, club, religious, charitable, educational, or other tax-exempt organization |  | The organization
12. |  | Partnership or multi-member LLC |  | The partnership
13. |  | A broker or registered nominee |  | The broker or nominee
14. |  | Account with the Department of Agriculture in the name of a public entity (such as a state or local government, school district, or prison) that receives agricultural program payments |  | The public entity
15. |  | Grantor trust filing Form 1041 or under the Optional Filing Method 2, requiring Form 1099 (see Regulations section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i)(B))** |  | The trust

1 | List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If only one person on a joint account has an SSN, that person’s number must be furnished.

2 | Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s SSN.

3 | You must show your individual name on line 1, and enter your business or DBA name, if any, on line 2. You may use either your SSN or EIN (if you have one), but the IRS encourages you to use your SSN.

4 | List first and circle the name of the trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do not furnish the TIN of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.)

* Note: The grantor must also provide a Form W-9 to the trustee of the trust.

** For more information on optional filing methods for grantor trusts, see the Instructions for Form 1041.

Note: If no name is circled when more than one name is listed, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

Form W-9 (Rev. 3-2024) |  | Page |  | 5

Secure Your Tax Records From Identity Theft

Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personal information, such as your name, SSN, or other identifying information, without your permission to commit fraud or other crimes. An identity thief may use your SSN to get a job or may file a tax return using your SSN to receive a refund.

To reduce your risk:

• |  | Protect your SSN,

• |  | Ensure your employer is protecting your SSN, and

• |  | Be careful when choosing a tax return preparer.

If your tax records are affected by identity theft and you receive a notice from the IRS, respond right away to the name and phone number printed on the IRS notice or letter.

If your tax records are not currently affected by identity theft but you think you are at risk due to a lost or stolen purse or wallet, questionable credit card activity, or a questionable credit report, contact the IRS Identity Theft Hotline at 800-908-4490 or submit Form 14039.

For more information, see Pub. 5027, Identity Theft Information for Taxpayers.

Victims of identity theft who are experiencing economic harm or a systemic problem, or are seeking help in resolving tax problems that have not been resolved through normal channels, may be eligible for Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) assistance. You can reach TAS by calling the TAS toll-free case intake line at 877-777-4778 or TTY/TDD 800-829-4059.

Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes. Phishing is the creation and use of email and websites designed to mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most common act is sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.

The IRS does not initiate contacts with taxpayers via emails. Also, the IRS does not request personal detailed information through email or ask taxpayers for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access information for their credit card, bank, or other financial accounts.

If you receive an unsolicited email claiming to be from the IRS, forward this message to phishing@irs.gov. You may also report misuse of the IRS name, logo, or other IRS property to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) at 800-366-4484. You can forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission at spam@uce.gov or report them at www.ftc.gov/complaint. You can contact the FTC at www.ftc.gov/idtheft or 877-IDTHEFT (877-438-4338). If you have been the victim of identity theft, see www.IdentityTheft.gov and Pub. 5027.

Go to www.irs.gov/IdentityTheft to learn more about identity theft and how to reduce your risk.

Privacy Act Notice

Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires you to provide your correct TIN to persons (including federal agencies) who are required to file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, or certain other income paid to you; mortgage interest you paid; the acquisition or abandonment of secured property; the cancellation of debt; or contributions you made to an IRA, Archer MSA, or HSA. The person collecting this form uses the information on the form to file information returns with the IRS, reporting the above information. Routine uses of this information include giving it to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and territories for use in administering their laws. The information may also be disclosed to other countries under a treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce civil and criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism. You must provide your TIN whether or not you are required to file a tax return. Under section 3406, payors must generally withhold a percentage of taxable interest, dividends, and certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to the payor. Certain penalties may also apply for providing false or fraudulent information.