5/31/2024 False 2025 Q1 0001070235--02-28 590,171,424 590,171,424 589,232,539 589,232,539 590,171,424 589,232,539 590,171,424 589,232,539 5 6 2,948 2,158 14 776 42 42 1 1 8 8 1 1 2,957 2,200 15 742 2,909 2,028 24 857 11 11 11 2 2 2 9 9 9 2 2 2 2,920 2,039 22 859————————————P1M P1Y http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2024#GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense xbrli:shares iso4217:USD iso4217:USD xbrli:shares bbry:operatingSegment xbrli:pure 0001070235 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 2024-06-24 0001070235 2024-05-31 0001070235 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:CommonStockIncludingAdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:CommonStockIncludingAdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:CommonStockIncludingAdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:CommonStockIncludingAdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-02-28 0001070235 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-02-28 0001070235 us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-02-28 0001070235 2023-02-28 0001070235 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:CommonStockIncludingAdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:CommonStockIncludingAdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:DemandDepositsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:DemandDepositsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:OtherInvestmentsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:OtherInvestmentsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:BankBalancesandOtherInvestmentsDomain 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:BankBalancesandOtherInvestmentsDomain 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:BankTimeDepositsMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:BankTimeDepositsMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:BankersAcceptanceMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:BankersAcceptanceMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:CommercialPaperMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:CommercialPaperMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member bbry:NonUsGovernmentPromissoryNotesMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member bbry:NonUsGovernmentPromissoryNotesMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member bbry:NonUsTreasuryBillsNotesMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member bbry:NonUsTreasuryBillsNotesMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:USTreasurySecuritiesMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:USTreasurySecuritiesMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:OtherInvestmentsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:OtherInvestmentsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:DemandDepositsMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:DemandDepositsMember 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:OtherInvestmentsMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:OtherInvestmentsMember 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:BankBalancesandOtherInvestmentsDomain 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:BankBalancesandOtherInvestmentsDomain 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:BankTimeDepositsMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:BankTimeDepositsMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:BankersAcceptanceMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:BankersAcceptanceMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:CommercialPaperMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:CommercialPaperMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member bbry:NonUsGovernmentPromissoryNotesMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member bbry:NonUsGovernmentPromissoryNotesMember 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:USTreasurySecuritiesMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:USTreasurySecuritiesMember 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 srt:MinimumMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 srt:MaximumMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:TechnologyEquipmentMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:TechnologyEquipmentMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:LeaseholdImprovementsAndOtherMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:LeaseholdImprovementsAndOtherMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:ManufacturingEquipmentResearchAndDevelopmentEquipmentAndToolingMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:ManufacturingEquipmentResearchAndDevelopmentEquipmentAndToolingMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:AcquiredTechnologyMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:OtherAcquiredTechnologyMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:IntellectualPropertyMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:AcquiredTechnologyMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:OtherAcquiredTechnologyMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:IntellectualPropertyMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:OneTimeTerminationBenefitsMember 2023-02-28 0001070235 us-gaap:FacilityClosingMember 2023-02-28 0001070235 us-gaap:OneTimeTerminationBenefitsMember 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FacilityClosingMember 2023-03-01 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:OneTimeTerminationBenefitsMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:FacilityClosingMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:OneTimeTerminationBenefitsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FacilityClosingMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:OneTimeTerminationBenefitsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:FacilityClosingMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:SeniorConvertibleNotesMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:SeniorConvertibleNotesMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:SeniorConvertibleNotesMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:A2020DebenturesMember 2023-11-13 0001070235 bbry:A2020DebenturesMember 2023-03-01 2023-11-30 0001070235 bbry:A2020DebenturesMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:A2020DebenturesMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember bbry:VotingCommonStockMember 2024-06-24 0001070235 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember us-gaap:EmployeeStockOptionMember 2024-06-24 0001070235 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember 2024-06-24 0001070235 us-gaap:SubsequentEventMember bbry:DeferredStockUnitMember 2024-06-24 0001070235 bbry:A175DebentureMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossNetCashFlowHedgeParentMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossNetCashFlowHedgeParentMember 2023-02-28 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossNetCashFlowHedgeParentMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossNetCashFlowHedgeParentMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossNetCashFlowHedgeParentMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossNetCashFlowHedgeParentMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2023-02-28 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossFinancialLiabilityFairValueOptionAttributableToParentMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedGainLossFinancialLiabilityFairValueOptionAttributableToParentMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 bbry:OtherPostEmploymentBenefitObligationsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:OtherPostEmploymentBenefitObligationsMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-05-31 0001070235 bbry:CybersecurityMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:CybersecurityMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 bbry:IoTMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:IoTMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 bbry:LicensingAndOtherMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:LicensingAndOtherMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:MaterialReconcilingItemsMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 2023-05-11 0001070235 srt:NorthAmericaMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 srt:NorthAmericaMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:EMEAMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:EMEAMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 bbry:OtherRegionsMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:OtherRegionsMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:TransferredOverTimeMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:TransferredOverTimeMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:TransferredAtPointInTimeMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:TransferredAtPointInTimeMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:DeferredRevenueMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:DeferredCommissionMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:DeferredRevenueMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:DeferredCommissionMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:DeferredRevenueMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:DeferredCommissionMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:LessThan12MonthsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:A12To24MonthsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:After24MonthsMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 country:CA 2024-05-31 0001070235 country:CA 2024-02-29 0001070235 country:US 2024-05-31 0001070235 country:US 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:OtherCountriesMember 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:OtherCountriesMember 2024-02-29 0001070235 bbry:OneCustomerMember us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember 2024-03-01 2024-05-31 0001070235 bbry:OneCustomerMember us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMember us-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember 2023-03-01 2023-05-31

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2024
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-38232
______________________________________________________
BlackBerry Limited
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Canada |  | 98-0164408
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2200 University Ave East |  |
Waterloo | Ontario | Canada |  | N2K 0A7
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(519) 888-7465
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares | BB | New York Stock Exchange
Common Shares | BB | Toronto Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes x No o
1

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No x
The registrant had 590,173,164 common shares issued and outstanding as of June 24, 2024.

2

BLACKBERRY LIMITED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|  |  | Page No.
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1 | Financial Statements |  |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2024 (unaudited) and February 29, 2024 |  | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Three Months Ended May 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three Months Ended May 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Three Months Ended May 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 8
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Three Months Ended May 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 9
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 10
Item 2 | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 27
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  | 45
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures |  | 46
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings |  | 46
Item 5 | Other Information |  | 47
Item 6 | Exhibits |  | 47
Signatures |  |  | 48

3

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the “Company” and “BlackBerry” include BlackBerry Limited and its subsidiaries.
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4

BlackBerry Limited
Incorporated under the Laws of Ontario
(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
Consolidated Balance Sheets

| As at
| May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Current |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents (note 2) | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 175 |
Short-term investments (note 2) | 86 |  |  | 62 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $5 and $6, respectively (note 3) | 148 |  |  | 199 |
Other receivables (note 3) | 21 |  |  | 21 |
Income taxes receivable | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Other current assets (note 3) | 57 |  |  | 47 |
| 458 |  |  | 508 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (note 2) | 17 |  |  | 25 |
Long-term investments (note 2) | 37 |  |  | 36 |
Other long-term assets (note 3) | 59 |  |  | 57 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 27 |  |  | 32 |
Property, plant and equipment, net (note 3) | 19 |  |  | 21 |
Intangible assets, net (note 3) | 145 |  |  | 154 |
Goodwill (note 3) | 561 |  |  | 562 |
| $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 1,395 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 17 |
Accrued liabilities (note 3) | 112 |  |  | 117 |
Income taxes payable (note 4) | 29 |  |  | 28 |
Deferred revenue, current (note 10) | 174 |  |  | 194 |
| 321 |  |  | 356 |
Deferred revenue, non-current (note 10) | 32 |  |  | 28 |
Operating lease liabilities | 33 |  |  | 38 |
Other long-term liabilities | 1 |  |  | 3 |
Long-term notes (note 5) | 194 |  |  | 194 |
| 581 |  |  | 619 |
Commitments and contingencies (note 9) |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Capital stock and additional paid-in capital |  |  |
Preferred shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, cumulative, redeemable and retractable | — |  |  | — |
Common shares: authorized unlimited number of non-voting, redeemable, retractable Class A common shares and unlimited number of voting common shares |  |  |
Issued and outstanding - 590,171,424 voting common shares (February 29, 2024 - 589,232,539) | 2,957 |  |  | 2,948 |
Deficit | (2,200) |  |  | (2,158) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (note 8) | (15) |  |  | (14) |
| 742 |  |  | 776 |
| $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 1,395 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
On behalf of the Board:

John Giamatteo | Lisa Disbrow
Director | Director

5

BlackBerry Limited
(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2024
| Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance as at February 29, 2024 | $ | 2,948 |  |  | $ | (2,158) |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 776 |
Net loss | — |  |  | (42) |  |  | — |  |  | (42) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Stock-based compensation (note 6) | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Shares issued: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee share purchase plan (note 6) | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Balance as at May 31, 2024 | $ | 2,957 |  |  | $ | (2,200) |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | 742 |

| Three Months Ended May 31, 2023
| Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance as at February 28, 2023 | $ | 2,909 |  |  | $ | (2,028) |  |  | $ | (24) |  |  | $ | 857 |
Net loss | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Stock-based compensation | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Shares issued: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee share purchase plan | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Balance as at May 31, 2023 | $ | 2,920 |  |  | $ | (2,039) |  |  | $ | (22) |  |  | $ | 859 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
6

BlackBerry Limited
(United States dollars, in millions, except per share data) (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Operations

| Three Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Revenue (note 10) | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 48 |  |  | 194 |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | 96 |  |  | 179 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 42 |  |  | 54 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 38 |  |  | 45 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 40 |  |  | 54 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization | 12 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  |
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 2) | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Debentures fair value adjustment (note 5) | — |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |
| 135 |  |  | 190 |  |  |  |  |
Operating loss | (39) |  |  | (11) |  |  |  |  |
Investment income, net (note 2 and note 5) | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes | (34) |  |  | (8) |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes (note 4) | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (42) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  |  |  |
Loss per share (note 7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |  |  |  |  |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
7

BlackBerry Limited
(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

| Three Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (42) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in fair value and amounts reclassified to net loss from derivatives designated as cash flow hedges during the three months ended, net of income taxes of nil (May 31, 2023 - income taxes of nil) (note 8) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (1) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive loss | $ | (43) |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  |  |  |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
8

BlackBerry Limited
(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

| Three Months Ended
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (42) |  |  | $ | (11) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Amortization | 13 |  |  | 16 |
Stock-based compensation | 8 |  |  | 9 |
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 2) | 3 |  |  | — |
Intellectual property disposed of by sale | — |  |  | 147 |
Debentures fair value adjustment (note 5) | — |  |  | 22 |
Operating leases | (2) |  |  | (1) |
Other | (3) |  |  | — |
Net changes in working capital items |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance | 51 |  |  | 3 |
Other receivables | — |  |  | 4 |
Income taxes receivable | 1 |  |  | — |
Other assets | (13) |  |  | (62) |
Accounts payable | (11) |  |  | (3) |
Accrued liabilities | (5) |  |  | (14) |
Income taxes payable | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Deferred revenue | (16) |  |  | (12) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (15) |  |  | 99 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Acquisition of long-term investments | — |  |  | (1) |
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (1) |  |  | (2) |
Acquisition of intangible assets | (1) |  |  | (8) |
Acquisition of short-term investments | (49) |  |  | (66) |
Proceeds on sale or maturity of short-term investments | 25 |  |  | 39 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (26) |  |  | (38) |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Issuance of common shares | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents during the period | (40) |  |  | 63 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of period | 200 |  |  | 322 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 385 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
9

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Basis of Presentation and Preparation
These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). They do not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of BlackBerry Limited (the “Company”) for the year ended February 29, 2024 (the “Annual Financial Statements”), which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included in these interim consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the three months ended May 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending February 28, 2025. The consolidated balance sheet at February 29, 2024 was derived from the audited Annual Financial Statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the Annual Financial Statements.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions with respect to the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates and any such differences may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Certain of the comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
The Company is organized and managed as three reportable operating segments: Cybersecurity, IoT (collectively, “Software & Services”), and Licensing and Other, as further discussed in Note 10.
Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described in the Annual Financial Statements.
Accounting Standards Adopted During Fiscal 2025
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07 on the topic of segment reporting. The standard requires additional disclosures for segment reporting. These requirements include: (i) disclosure of significant expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”); (ii) disclosure of an amount for other segment items (equal to the difference between segment revenue less segment expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss) by reportable segment and a description of their composition; (iii) annual disclosure of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods; (iv) clarification that, if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment's profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report those additional measures of segment profit or loss; (v) disclosure of the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources; (vi) requiring a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU, and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company early adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and it did not have a material impact on its disclosures.
10

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” on the topic of income taxes. The standard requires additional disclosure for income taxes. These requirements include: (i) requiring a public entity to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation; (ii) disclosure of additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5% of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate); (iii) annual disclosure of the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes; (iv) annual disclosure of the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received); (v) annual disclosure of income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign; and (vi) annual disclosure of income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign. For public entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company will adopt this guidance in fiscal 2026 and is in the process of evaluating the new requirements. As a result, the Company has not yet determined the impact this new ASU will have on its disclosures.
2. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS, CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS
Fair Value
The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, non-performance risk and credit risk. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value into three levels:
•Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.
The fair value hierarchy also requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at amounts that approximate their fair values (Level 2 measurement) due to their short maturities.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
In determining the fair value of investments held, the Company primarily relies on an independent third-party valuator for the fair valuation of securities. The Company also reviews the inputs used in the valuation process and assesses the pricing of the securities for reasonableness after conducting its own internal collection of quoted prices from brokers. Fair values for all investment categories provided by the independent third-party valuator that are in excess of 0.5% from the fair values determined by the Company are communicated to the independent third-party valuator for consideration of reasonableness. The independent third-party valuator considers the information provided by the Company before determining whether a change in their original pricing is warranted.
When the Company concludes that there is a significant financing component included within a contract with a customer due to timing differences between the fulfillment of certain performance obligations and the receipt of payment for those performance obligations, the Company determines the present value of the future consideration utilizing the discount rate that would be reflected in a separate financing transaction between the customer and the Company at contract inception based upon the credit characteristics of the customer receiving financing in the contract.
For a description of how the fair value of the 2020 Debentures (as defined in Note 5) was determined, see the “Convertible debentures” accounting policies in Note 1 to the Annual Financial Statements.
11

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Company re-measures the fair value of non-marketable equity investments for which it utilizes the measurement alternative, and long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, operating lease ROU assets, intangible assets and goodwill if an impairment or observable price adjustment is recognized in the current period.
Non-Marketable Equity Investments Measured Using the Measurement Alternative
Non-marketable equity investments measured using the measurement alternative include investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values in which the Company does not own a controlling interest or have significant influence. The estimation of fair value used in the fair value measurements required the use of significant unobservable inputs, and as a result, the fair value measurements were classified as Level 3.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
During the three months ended May 31, 2024, the Company exited certain leased facilities and recorded a pre-tax and after-tax impairment charge of $3 million related to the operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and property, plant and equipment associated with those facilities (three months ended May 31, 2023 - nil). The impairment was determined by comparing the fair value of the impacted ROU asset to the carrying value of the asset as of the impairment measurement date, as required under ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of the ROU asset was based on the estimated sublease income for certain facilities taking into consideration the estimated time period it will take to obtain a sublessor, the applicable discount rate and the sublease rate, which are considered unobservable inputs. The Company conducts an evaluation of the related liabilities and expenses and revises its assumptions and estimates as appropriate as new or updated information becomes available. The fair value measurement of ROU impaired assets is classified as Level 3.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at May 31, 2024 were as follows:

| Cost Basis (1) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  |  | Fair Value |  | Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | Short-term Investments |  | Long-term Investments |  | Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |
Bank balances | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Other investments | 28 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  |
| 120 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 126 |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  |
Level 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Level 2: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  |
Bankers' acceptances/bearer deposit notes | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Commercial paper | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 89 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Non-U.S. promissory notes | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Non-U.S. treasury bills | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  |
U.S. treasury bills | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
| 154 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  |
Level 3: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other investments | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |
| $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  |

______________________________
(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.
12

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The components of cash, cash equivalents and investments by fair value level as at February 29, 2024 were as follows:

| Cost Basis (1) |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  |  | Fair Value |  | Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | Short-term Investments |  | Long-term Investments |  | Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |
Bank balances | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Other investments | 30 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  |
| 126 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 132 |  |  | 96 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  |
Level 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Level 2: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term deposits, and certificates of deposits | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  |
Bearer deposit notes | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Commercial paper | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 47 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Non-U.S. promissory notes | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
U.S. treasury bills | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  |
| 166 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 166 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  |
| $ | 302 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  |

______________________________
(1) Cost basis for other investments includes the effect of returns of capital and impairment.
As at May 31, 2024, the Company had non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value of $37 million (February 29, 2024 - $36 million). During the three months ended May 31, 2024, the Company recorded an upward adjustment of $1 million to the carrying value of a certain non-marketable equity investment without readily determinable fair value resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities which have been included in investment income, net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of May 31, 2024, the Company has recorded a cumulative impairment of $3 million to the carrying value of certain other non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value (February 29, 2024 - $3 million).
There were no realized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023.
The Company has restricted cash and cash equivalents, consisting of cash and securities pledged as collateral to major banking partners in support of the Company’s requirements for letters of credit. These letters of credit support certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business. The letters of credit are for terms ranging from one month to one year. The Company is legally restricted from accessing these funds during the term of the leases for which the letters of credit have been issued; however, the Company can continue to invest the funds and receive investment income thereon.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents as at May 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024 from the consolidated balance sheets to the consolidated statements of cash flows:

| As at
| May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 175 |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 17 |  |  | 25 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 200 |

13

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The contractual maturities of available-for-sale investments as at May 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024 were as follows:

| As at |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  |  |  | February 29, 2024 |  |
| Cost Basis |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Cost Basis |  | Fair Value |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  |
No fixed maturity | 10 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  |
| $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  |

As at May 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, the Company had no available-for-sale debt securities with continuous unrealized losses.
3. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DETAILS
Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance
The current estimated credit losses (“CECL”) for accounts receivable as at May 31, 2024 was $5 million (February 29, 2024 - $6 million).
The Company also has long-term accounts receivable included in Other Long-term Assets. The CECL for long-term accounts receivable is estimated using the probability of default method and the default exposure due to limited historical information. The exposure of default is represented by the assets’ amortized carrying amount at the reporting date.
The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s allowance for credit losses:

| Carrying Amount |  |
Beginning balance as of February 28, 2023 | $ | 1 |  |  |
Prior period provision for expected credit losses | 5 |  |  |
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at February 29, 2024 | 6 |  |  |
Current period recovery for expected credit losses | (1) |  |  |
Ending balance of the allowance for credit loss as at May 31, 2024 | $ | 5 |  |  |

The allowance for credit losses as at May 31, 2024 consists of $1 million (February 29, 2024 - $1 million) relating to CECL estimated based on days past due and region and $4 million (February 29, 2024 - $5 million) relating to specific customers that were evaluated separately.
There was one customer that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as at May 31, 2024 (February 29, 2024 - two customers comprised more than 10%).
Other Receivables
As at May 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, other receivables included items such as claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current assets balance.
14

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Other Current Assets
As at May 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, other current assets included the current portion of deferred commissions and prepaid expenses, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current assets balance as at the balance sheet dates.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, plant and equipment comprised the following:

| As at
| May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024
Cost |  |  |
BlackBerry operations and other information technology | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 85 |
Leasehold improvements and other | 14 |  |  | 15 |
Furniture and fixtures | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Manufacturing, repair and research and development equipment | 2 |  |  | 3 |
| 108 |  |  | 109 |
Accumulated amortization | 89 |  |  | 88 |
Net book value | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 21 |

Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets comprised the following:

| As at May 31, 2024
| Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value
Acquired technology | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 851 |  |  | $ | 49 |
Other acquired intangibles | 386 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 49 |
Intellectual property | 110 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 47 |
| $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 145 |

| As at February 29, 2024
| Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value
Acquired technology | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 846 |  |  | $ | 54 |
Other acquired intangibles | 386 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 52 |
Intellectual property | 111 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 48 |
| $ | 1,397 |  |  | $ | 1,243 |  |  | $ | 154 |

For the three months ended May 31, 2024, amortization expense related to intangible assets amounted to $11 million (three months ended May 31, 2023 - $13 million).
Total additions to intangible assets for the three months ended May 31, 2024 amounted to $1 million (three months ended May 31, 2023 - $2 million). During the three months ended May 31, 2024, additions to intangible assets primarily consisted of payments for intellectual property relating to patent maintenance, registration and license fees.
Based on the carrying value of the identified intangible assets as at May 31, 2024, and assuming no subsequent impairment of the underlying assets, the annual amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2025 and each of the five succeeding years is expected to be as follows: fiscal 2025 - $32 million; fiscal 2026 - $36 million; fiscal 2027 - $32 million; fiscal 2028 - $18 million; fiscal 2029 - $6 million and fiscal 2030 - $3 million
15

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Goodwill
Changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the three months ended May 31, 2024 were as follows:

| Carrying Amount
Carrying amount as at February 28, 2023 | $ | 595 |
Goodwill impairment charge | (35) |
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill | 2 |
Carrying amount as at February 29, 2024 | 562 |
Effect of foreign exchange on non-U.S. dollar denominated goodwill | (1) |
Carrying amount as at May 31, 2024 | $ | 561 |

Other Long-term Assets
As at May 31, 2024 and February 29, 2024, other long-term assets included long-term receivables related to intellectual property sold in fiscal 2024, see Note 10 under the heading “Patent Sale”, other long-term receivables, and the long-term portion of deferred commission, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the total assets balance.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities is comprised of the following:

| As at
| May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024
Operating lease liabilities, current | 20 |  |  | 20 |
Restructuring program liabilities, current portion | 11 |  |  | 20 |
Other | 81 |  |  | 77 |
| $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 117 |

Other accrued liabilities included current and accrued director fees, accrued vendor liabilities, variable incentive accrual, payroll withholding taxes and accrued royalties, among other items, none of which were greater than 5% of the current liabilities balance in any of the periods presented.
Restructuring
During fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2024, the Company commenced restructuring programs with the objectives of reducing its annual costs and expenses relating to the Cybersecurity business, and later separating and streamlining the Company’s centralized corporate functions into Cybersecurity and IoT specific teams such that the businesses may operate independently and on a profitable and cash flow positive basis. The reduction of overall Company costs will include rationalizing and streamlining existing central administrative functions, right-sizing cost structures within both business units including R&D and outsourced contracting, changes to overall product portfolio offerings and geographies the Company operates in and optimizing related support functions and organizational structure. Other charges and cash costs may occur as programs are implemented or changes are completed.
16

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s restructuring program liabilities:

| Employee Termination Benefits |  | Facilities Costs |  |  |  | Total
Balance as at February 28, 2023 | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 3 |
Charges incurred | 31 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 37 |
Cash payments made | (16) |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  | (19) |
Balance as at February 29, 2024 | 17 |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 21 |
Charges incurred | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 8 |
Cash payments made | (15) |  |  | (2) |  |  |  |  | (17) |
Balance as at May 31, 2024 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12 |
Current portion | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11 |
Long-term portion | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1
| $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12 |

The long-term portion of the restructuring liabilities is recorded at present value, determined by measuring the remaining payments at present value using an effective interest rate of 5.7%, and the Company recorded interest expense over time to arrive at the total face value of the remaining payments.
The restructuring charges included employee termination benefits and facilities costs to better align the Company’s general and administrative and R&D cost profiles to its market competitors, create a more focused sales force and improve profitability and cash flow. Total charges incurred for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 were $8 million and $5 million, respectively, recorded within General and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
4. INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended May 31, 2024, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 24% compared to a net effective income tax expense rate of 38% for the three months ended May 31, 2023. The Company’s income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefit, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred income tax assets; in particular, any change in loss carry forwards or research and development credits, amongst other items, is offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.
The Company’s total unrecognized income tax benefits as at May 31, 2024 were $20 million (February 29, 2024 - $20 million). As at May 31, 2024, $20 million of the unrecognized income tax benefits have been netted against deferred income tax assets and nil has been recorded within income taxes payable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The Company is subject to ongoing examination by tax authorities in certain jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company regularly assesses the status of these examinations and the potential for adverse outcomes to determine the adequacy of the provision for income taxes as well as the provisions for indirect and other taxes and related penalties and interest. While the final resolution of audits is uncertain, the Company believes the ultimate resolution of these audits will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
5. DEBENTURES
3.00% Convertible Senior Notes
On January 29, 2024, the Company issued $200 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% senior convertible unsecured notes (the “Notes” and, collectively with the “2020 Debentures” (as defined below), the “Debentures”) in an offering to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The Notes are due on February 15, 2029 unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. Each $1,000 principal amount of the Notes is convertible into 257.5826 common shares of the Company based on the initial conversion rate, for a total of 52 million common shares at a price of $3.88 per share, subject to adjustments. Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 15, 2028, the Notes will be convertible only upon satisfaction of
17

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
certain conditions and during certain periods, and thereafter, at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding February 15, 2029. The Company may satisfy any conversions of the Notes by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, its common shares or a combination of cash and its common shares, at the Company’s election (or, in the case of any Notes called for redemption that are converted during the related redemption period, solely its common shares). Covenants associated with the Notes include general corporate maintenance, existence and reporting requirements. The Notes will bear interest at a rate of 3.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2024.
The Company had recorded the Notes, including the debt itself and all embedded derivatives, at cost less debt issuance costs of $6 million and presents the Notes as a single hybrid financial instrument. No portion of the embedded derivatives required bifurcation from the host debt contract.
The following table summarizes the change in the Notes for the three months ended May 31, 2024:

|  | Carrying Amount
Balance as at February 29, 2024 |  | 194 |  |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | — |  |
Balance as at May 31, 2024 |  | $ | 194 |  |

2020 Debentures
On September 1, 2020, Hamblin Watsa Investment Counsel Ltd., in its capacity as investment manager of Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited (“Fairfax”), and another institutional investor invested in the Company through a $365 million private placement of debentures (the “2020 Debentures”). The 2020 Debentures matured on November 13, 2023.
Due to the conversion option and other embedded derivatives within the 2020 Debentures, the Company elected to record the 2020 Debentures, including the debt itself and all embedded derivatives, at fair value and presented the 2020 Debentures as a single hybrid financial instrument. No portion of the fair value of the 2020 Debentures was recorded as equity.
Each period, the fair value of the 2020 Debentures was recalculated and resulting gains and losses from the change in fair value of the 2020 Debentures associated with non-credit components were recognized in income, while the change in fair value associated with credit components was recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”). The fair value of the 2020 Debentures was determined using the significant Level 2 inputs interest rate curves, the market price and volatility of the Company’s listed common shares, and the significant Level 3 inputs related to credit spread and the implied discount of the 2020 Debentures at issuance.
The following table shows the impact of the changes in fair value of the Debentures for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Charge associated with the change in fair value from non-credit components recorded in the consolidated statements of operations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (22) |  |  |  |  |
Total increase in the fair value of the 2020 Debentures |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (22) |  |  |  |  |

For the three months ended May 31, 2024, the Company recorded interest expense related to the Debentures of $2 million, which has been included in investment income, net on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (three months ended May 31, 2023 - $2 million).
Fairfax, a related party under U.S. GAAP due to its beneficial ownership of common shares in the Company after taking into account potential conversion of the 2020 Debentures, owned $330 million principal amount of the 2020 Debentures. As such, the payment of interest on the 2020 Debentures to Fairfax represented a related party transaction.
18

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
6. CAPITAL STOCK
The following details the changes in issued and outstanding common shares for the three months ended May 31, 2024:

| Capital Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital
| Stock Outstanding (000s) |  | Amount
Common shares outstanding as at February 29, 2024 | 589,233 |  |  | $ | 2,948 |
Common shares issued for restricted share unit settlements | 383 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 8 |
Common shares issued for employee share purchase plan | 555 |  |  | 1 |
Common shares outstanding as at May 31, 2024 | 590,171 |  |  | $ | 2,957 |

The Company had 590 million voting common shares outstanding, 0.2 million options to purchase voting common shares, 18 million RSUs and 1 million DSUs outstanding as at June 24, 2024. In addition, 51.5 million common shares are issuable upon conversion in full of the Notes as described in Note 5.
7. LOSS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:

| Three Months Ended |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Net loss for basic and diluted loss per share available to common shareholders | $ | (42) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (000’s) - basic and diluted (1)(2) | 589,821 |  |  | 582,812 |  |  |  |  |
Loss per share - reported |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |  |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of the Notes or 2020 Debentures using the if-converted method in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive. See Note 5 for details on the Notes and 2020 Debentures.
(2) The Company has not presented the dilutive effect of in-the-money options and RSUs that will be settled upon vesting by the issuance of new common shares in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023, as to do so would be antidilutive.
19

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
8. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The changes in AOCL by component net of tax, for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  |  |  |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL into net loss | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated net unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Cumulative Translation Adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  |  |  |
Change in Fair Value From Instrument-Specific Credit Risk On Debentures |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value from instruments-specific credit risk on Debentures | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  |  |  |
Other Post-Employment Benefit Obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial losses associated with other post-employment benefit obligations | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, End of Period | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | (22) |  |  |  |  |

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
(a)Letters of Credit
The Company had $17 million in collateralized outstanding letters of credit in support of certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business as of May 31, 2024. See the discussion of restricted cash in Note 2.
(b)Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is involved in litigation in the normal course of its business, both as a defendant and as a plaintiff. The Company is subject to a variety of claims (including claims related to patent infringement, purported class actions and other claims in the normal course of business) and may be subject to additional claims either directly or through indemnities against claims that it provides to certain of its partners and customers. In particular, the industry in which the Company competes has many participants that own, or claim to own, intellectual property, including participants that have been issued patents and may have filed patent applications or may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights for technologies similar to those used by the Company in its products. The Company has received, and may receive in the future, assertions and claims from third parties that the Company’s products infringe on their patents or other intellectual property rights. Litigation has been, and will likely continue to be, necessary to determine the scope, enforceability and validity of third-party proprietary rights or to establish the Company’s proprietary rights. Regardless of whether claims against the Company have merit, those claims could be time-consuming to evaluate and defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and subject the Company to significant liabilities.
Management reviews all of the relevant facts for each claim and applies judgment in evaluating the likelihood and, if applicable, the amount of any potential loss. Where a potential loss is considered probable and the amount is reasonably estimable, provisions for loss are made based on management’s assessment of the likely outcome. Where a range of loss can be reasonably estimated with no best estimate in the range, the Company records the minimum amount in the range. The Company does not provide for claims for which the outcome is not probable or claims for which the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated. Any settlements or awards under such claims are provided for when reasonably determinable.
20

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
As of May 31, 2024, there are no material claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as both probable to result and reasonably estimable; therefore, no accrual has been made. Further, there are claims outstanding for which the Company has assessed the potential loss as reasonably possible to result; however, an estimate of the amount of loss cannot reasonably be made. There are many reasons that the Company cannot make these assessments, including, among others, one or more of the following: the early stages of a proceeding does not require the claimant to specifically identify the patent claims that have allegedly been infringed or the products that are alleged to infringe; damages sought are unspecified, unsupportable, unexplained or uncertain; discovery has not been started or is incomplete; the facts that are in dispute are highly complex; the difficulty of assessing novel claims; the parties have not engaged in any meaningful settlement discussions; the possibility that other parties may share in any ultimate liability; and the often slow pace of litigation.
The Company has included the following summaries of certain of its legal proceedings though they do not meet the test for accrual described above.
Between October and December 2013, several purported class action lawsuits and one individual lawsuit were filed against the Company and certain of its former officers in various jurisdictions in the U.S. and Canada alleging that the Company and certain of its officers made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s financial condition and business prospects and that certain of the Company’s financial statements contain material misstatements. The individual lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed and the consolidated U.S. class actions Stipulation of Settlement was executed effective June 7, 2022.
On July 23, 2014, the plaintiff in the putative Ontario class action (Swisscanto Fondsleitung AG v. BlackBerry Limited, et al.) filed a motion for class certification and for leave to pursue statutory misrepresentation claims. On November 17, 2015, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice issued an order granting the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On December 2, 2015, the Company filed a notice of motion seeking leave to appeal this ruling. On November 15, 2018, the Court denied the Company’s motion for leave to appeal the order granting the plaintiffs leave to file a statutory claim for misrepresentation. On February 5, 2019, the Court entered an order certifying a class comprised persons (a) who purchased BlackBerry common shares between March 28, 2013, and September 20, 2013, and still held at least some of those shares as of September 20, 2013, and (b) who acquired those shares on a Canadian stock exchange or acquired those shares on any other stock exchange and were a resident of Canada when the shares were acquired. Notice of class certification was published on March 6, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on April 1, 2019. Discovery is proceeding and the Court has not set a trial date.
On March 17, 2017, a putative employment class action was filed against the Company in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Parker v. BlackBerry Limited). The Statement of Claim alleges that actions the Company took when certain of its employees decided to accept offers of employment from Ford Motor Company of Canada amounted to a wrongful termination of the employees’ employment with the Company. The claim seeks (i) an unspecified quantum of statutory, contractual, or common law termination entitlements; (ii) punitive or breach of duty of good faith damages of CAD$20 million, or such other amount as the Court finds appropriate, (iii) pre- and post- judgment interest, (iv) attorneys’ fees and costs, and (v) such other relief as the Court deems just. The Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion to certify the class action on May 27, 2019. The Company commenced a motion for leave to appeal the certification order on June 11, 2019. The Court denied the motion for leave to appeal on September 17, 2019. The Company filed its Statement of Defence on December 19, 2019. The parties participated in a mediation on November 9, 2022, which did not result in an agreement. The Court has set a trial date of June 2, 2025, and scheduled a pre-trial conference on December 4, 2024. Discovery is proceeding.
Other contingencies
As at May 31, 2024, the Company has recognized $17 million (February 29, 2024 - $17 million) in funds from claims filed with the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada relating to its Strategic Innovation Fund program’s investment in BlackBerry QNX. A portion of this amount may be repayable in the future under certain circumstances if certain terms and conditions are not met by the Company, which is not probable at this time.
(c)Indemnifications
The Company enters into certain agreements that contain indemnification provisions under which the Company could be subject to costs and damages, including in the event of an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified third party. Such intellectual property infringement indemnification clauses are generally not subject to any dollar limits and remain in effect for the term of the Company’s agreements. To date, the Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications.
21

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its current and former directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, the Company agreed, subject to applicable law, to indemnify its current and former directors and executive officers against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individuals in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action that could arise by reason of their status as directors or officers. The Company maintains liability insurance coverage for the benefit of the Company, and its current and former directors and executive officers. The Company has not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications in the current period.
10. REVENUE AND SEGMENT DISCLOSURES
The Company reports segment information based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the CODM for making decisions and assessing performance as a source of the Company’s reportable operating segments. The CODM, who is the CEO of the Company, makes decisions and assesses the performance of the Company using three operating segments.
The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. The Company does not specifically allocate assets to operating segments for internal reporting purposes.
Segment Disclosures
The Company is organized and managed as three operating segments: Cybersecurity, IoT, and Licensing and Other.
The following table shows information by operating segment for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023:

| For the Three Months Ended
| Cybersecurity |  | IoT |  | Licensing and Other |  | Segment Totals |  |  |  |
| May 31, |  |  |  | May 31, |  |  |  | May 31, |  |  |  | May 31, |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Segment revenue | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment cost of sales | 35 |  |  | 37 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 147 |  |  |  |  | 47 |  |  | 193 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment gross margin (1) | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1) A reconciliation of total segment gross margin to consolidated totals is set forth below.
Cybersecurity consists of BlackBerry® UEM and Cylance® cybersecurity solutions (collectively, BlackBerry Spark®), BlackBerry® AtHoc® and BlackBerry® SecuSUITE®. The Company’s Cylance AI and machine learning-based platform consists of CylanceENDPOINT™, CylanceMDR™, CylanceEDGE™, CylanceINTELLIGENCE™ and other cybersecurity applications. The Company’s endpoint management platform includes BlackBerry® UEM, BlackBerry® Dynamics™, and BlackBerry® Workspaces solutions. Cybersecurity revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.
IoT consists of BlackBerry® QNX®, BlackBerry® Certicom®, BlackBerry Radar®, BlackBerry IVY® and other IoT applications. IoT revenue is generated predominantly through software licenses, commonly bundled with support, maintenance and professional services.
Licensing and Other consists of the Company’s intellectual property arrangements and settlement awards.
22

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
The following table reconciles total segment gross margin for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 to the Company’s consolidated totals:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Total segment gross margin | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: Stock compensation | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research & development | 42 |  |  | 54 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 38 |  |  | 45 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 40 |  |  | 54 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization | 12 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  |
Impairment of long-lived assets | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Debentures fair value adjustment | — |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |
Investment income, net | (5) |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1) The CODM reviews segment information on an adjusted basis, which excludes certain amounts as described below:
Stock compensation expenses - Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.
Patent Sale
On May 11, 2023, the Company completed its previously announced patent sale with Malikie and sold certain non-core patent assets for $170 million in cash on closing, an additional $30 million in fixed consideration due by no later than the third anniversary of closing and variable consideration in the form of future royalties in the aggregate amount of up to $700 million (the “Malikie Transaction”). Pursuant to the terms of the Malikie Transaction, the Company received a license back to the patents sold, which relate primarily to mobile devices, messaging and wireless networking.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $218 million and cost of sales of $147 million related to intellectual property sold. As at May 31, 2024, the remaining financing component on the patent sale was $9 million and will be recognized as interest income over the payment terms.
The Company estimated variable consideration from future royalty revenues using an expected value method including inputs from both internal and external sources related to patent monetization activities and cash flows, and constrained the recognition of that variable consideration based on the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates as described in Note 1. The present value of variable consideration recognized as revenue was $23 million and the amount of variable consideration constrained was $210 million. The Company evaluates its conclusions as to whether the constraints are still applicable on an ongoing basis, and will make updates when it observes a sufficient amount of evidence that amounts of variable consideration are no longer subject to constraint or the estimated amount of variable consideration has changed.
23

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Revenue
The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers based on geographical regions, timing of revenue recognition, and the major product and service types, as discussed above in “Segment Disclosures”.
The Company’s revenue, classified by major geographic region in which the Company’s customers are located, was as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
North America (1) | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 317 |  |  |  |  |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 47 |  |  | 37 |  |  |  |  |
Other regions | 29 |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  |  |  |
North America (1) | 47.2 | % |  | 85.0 | % |  |  |  |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 32.7 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  |  |  |
Other regions | 20.1 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  |  |  |
Total | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1) North America includes all revenue from the Company’s intellectual property arrangements, due to the global applicability of the patent portfolio and licensing arrangements thereof.
Revenue, classified by timing of recognition, was as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Products and services transferred over time | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  |  |  |
Products and services transferred at a point in time | 66 |  |  | 288 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  |  |  |

Revenue contract balances
The following table sets forth the activity in the Company’s revenue contract balances for the three months ended May 31, 2024:

| Accounts and Other Receivable |  | Deferred Revenue |  | Deferred Commissions
Opening balance as at February 29, 2024 | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | 21 |
Increases due to invoicing of new or existing contracts, associated contract acquisition costs, or other | 134 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 5 |
Decrease due to payment, fulfillment of performance obligations, or other | (182) |  |  | (139) |  |  | (7) |
Decrease, net | (48) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (2) |
Closing balance as at May 31, 2024 | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | 19 |

24

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations
The table below discloses the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as at May 31, 2024 and the time frame in which the Company expects to recognize this revenue. The disclosure includes estimates of variable consideration, except when the variable consideration is a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.
The disclosure excludes estimates of variable consideration relating to potential future royalty revenues from the patent sale to Malikie, which have been constrained based on the Company’s accounting policies and critical accounting estimates and as described under “Patent Sale” in this Note 10.

| As at May 31, 2024
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 to 24 Months |  | Thereafter |  | Total
Remaining performance obligations | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 206 |

Revenue recognized for performance obligations satisfied in prior periods
For the three months ended May 31, 2024, revenue of nil was recognized relating to performance obligations satisfied in a prior period (three months ended May 31, 2023 - $9 million as a result of certain variable consideration no longer being subject to constraint).
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, operating lease ROU assets and goodwill, classified by geographic region in which the Company’s assets are located, were as follows:

| As at
| May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024
| Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill |  | Total Assets |  | Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets, Operating Lease ROU Assets and Goodwill |  | Total Assets
Canada | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 342 |
United States | 649 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 662 |  |  | 923 |
Other | 30 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 130 |
| $ | 752 |  |  | $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | 1,395 |

Information About Major Customers
There was one customer that comprised 13% of the Company’s revenue in the three months ended May 31, 2024 (three months ended May 31, 2023 - one customer that comprised 58% of the Company’s revenue, due to the completed Malikie Transaction).
25

BlackBerry Limited
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
In millions of United States dollars, except share and per share data, and except as otherwise indicated (unaudited)
11. CASH FLOW AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
(a) Certain consolidated statements of cash flow information related to interest and income taxes paid is summarized as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Interest paid during the period | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Income taxes paid during the period | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax refunds received during the period | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |

(b) Additional Information
Foreign exchange
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of transactions in currencies other than its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 was transacted in U.S. dollars. Portions of the revenue were denominated in Canadian dollars, euros and British pounds. Other expenses, consisting mainly of salaries and certain other operating costs, were incurred primarily in Canadian dollars, but were also incurred in U.S. dollars, euros and British pounds. At May 31, 2024, approximately 21% of cash and cash equivalents, 22% of accounts receivable and 76% of accounts payable were denominated in foreign currencies (February 29, 2024 – 19%, 25% and 59%, respectively). These foreign currencies primarily include the Canadian dollar, euro and British pound. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company maintains net monetary asset and/or liability balances in foreign currencies and engages in foreign currency hedging activities using derivative financial instruments, including currency forward contracts and currency options. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes.
Interest rate risk
Cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in certain instruments with fixed interest rates of varying maturities. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of holding investments of varying maturities and the significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers. The fair value of investments, as well as the investment income derived from the investment portfolio, will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. The Company also has significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers and is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of discounting the future payments from customers with a fixed interest rate. The Company has also issued Notes with a fixed interest rate, as described in Note 5. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the Notes. The Company does not currently utilize interest rate derivative instruments.
Credit risk
The Company is exposed to market and credit risk on its investment portfolio. The Company is also exposed to credit risk with customers, as described in Note 3. The Company reduces this risk from its investment portfolio by investing in liquid, investment-grade securities and by limiting exposure to any one entity or group of related entities. As at May 31, 2024, no single issuer represented more than 30% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments (February 29, 2024 - no single issuer represented more than 30% of the total cash, cash equivalents and investments), with the largest such issuer representing bankers’ acceptances, bearer deposits, term deposits and cash balances with one of the Company’s banking counterparties.
Liquidity risk
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments were approximately $283 million as at May 31, 2024. The Company’s management remains focused on efficiently managing working capital balances and managing the liquidity needs of the business. Based on its current financial projections, the Company believes its financial resources, together with expected future operating cash generating and operating expense reduction activities, should be sufficient to meet funding requirements for current financial commitments and future operating expenditures not yet committed, and should provide the necessary financial capacity for the foreseeable future.
26

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read together with the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) of BlackBerry Limited for the three months ended May 31, 2024, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and MD&A for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024 (the “Annual MD&A”). The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). All financial information in this MD&A is presented in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
Additional information about the Company, which is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2024 (the “Annual Report”), can be found on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including under the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws, including statements relating to:
•the Company’s plans, strategies and objectives, including its intentions to increase and enhance its product and service offerings and to patent new innovations;
•the Company’s expectations with respect to enhancing operational focus and flexibility, driving improved profitability, and increasing optionality for optimizing shareholder value through the full separation of its principal business units;
•the Company’s expectations with respect to its revenue, non-GAAP EPS and adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2025 as a whole, annual recurring revenue of the Company’s Cybersecurity division and non-GAAP operating expenses for fiscal 2025 and non-GAAP EPS and cash flow in the fourth quarter fiscal 2025;
•the Company’s estimates of purchase obligations and other contractual commitments; and
•the Company’s expectations with respect to the sufficiency of its financial resources.
The words “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “intend”, “believe”, “target”, “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements in this MD&A, including in the sections entitled “Business Overview”, “Business Overview - Products and Services”, “Business Overview - Business Separation” “Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Key Metrics”, “Results of Operations - Three months ended May 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2023 - Revenue - Revenue by Segment”, “Results of Operations - Three months ended May 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2023 - Net Loss” and “Financial Condition - Contractual and Other Obligations”. Forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that the Company believes are appropriate in the circumstances, including but not limited to, the Company’s expectations regarding its business, strategy, opportunities and prospects, the launch of new products and services, general economic conditions, competition, the Company’s expectations regarding its financial performance, and the Company’s expectations regarding the ongoing separation of its businesses. Many factors could cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report.
All of these factors should be considered carefully, and readers should not place undue reliance on the Company’s forward-looking statements. Any statements that are forward-looking statements are intended to enable the Company’s shareholders to view the anticipated performance and prospects of the Company from management’s perspective at the time such statements are made, and they are subject to the risks that are inherent in all forward-looking statements, as described above, as well as difficulties in forecasting the Company’s financial results and performance for future periods, particularly over longer periods, given changes in technology and the Company’s business strategy, evolving industry standards, intense competition and short product life cycles that characterize the industries in which the Company operates. See the “Strategy” subsection in Part I, Item 1 “Business” of the Annual Report.
The Company has no intention and undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
27

Business Overview
The Company provides intelligent security software and services to enterprises and governments around the world. The Company secures more than 235 million vehicles. Based in Waterloo, Ontario, the Company leverages artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning to deliver innovative solutions in the areas of cybersecurity, safety and data privacy, and is a leader in the areas of endpoint security, endpoint management, encryption, and embedded systems.
The Company has two core divisions, Cybersecurity and IoT, each addressing large and growing market opportunities.
The Company’s Cybersecurity division is a pioneer in the use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning to deliver innovative solutions in the areas of cybersecurity and data privacy. It is a leader in next-generation endpoint security, endpoint management, secure communications and critical event management.
The Company’s IoT division provides embedded software solutions and the Company believes it is the world’s leading automotive foundational software supplier. Its customers include major automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers that use its products in vehicles, as well as top medical OEMs. The Company’s solutions are implemented into all of the top ten automotive OEMs, top seven Tier 1 suppliers, 24 of the 25 top EV OEMs, and nine of the ten top medical OEMs.
The Company primarily generates revenue from the licensing of enterprise software and sales of associated services, including its endpoint management and cybersecurity solutions, BlackBerry QNX® software for the embedded market, technology licensing and professional consulting services. The Company focuses on strategic industries with vertical-specific use cases, including regulated enterprise markets such as financial services, government, healthcare, professional services and transportation, and other markets where embedded software and critical infrastructure are important, such as utilities, mining and manufacturing.
Products and Services
The Company has a rich pedigree in innovation and has developed a range of products and services that assist customers in addressing their needs as their industries evolve, which are structured in three groups: Cybersecurity, IoT (collectively with Cybersecurity, “software and services”) and Licensing and Other.
Cybersecurity
The Cybersecurity business consists of Cylance® cybersecurity and BlackBerry unified endpoint management (“UEM”) solutions, collectively known as BlackBerry Spark, SecuSUITE® and BlackBerry® AtHoc®.
BlackBerry’s Cylance cybersecurity solutions include: CylanceENDPOINT™, an integrated endpoint security solution that leverages the Cylance AI model and OneAlert EDR console, to prevent, detect and remediate cyber threats at the endpoint, including on mobile; CylanceMDR™, a managed detection and response solution that provides 24/7 threat hunting and monitoring, as well as integrated critical event management communications during a cyber incident; CylanceEDGE™, an AI-powered continuous authentication zero trust network access solution that provides secure access to applications and data loss prevention; and CylanceINTELLIGENCE™, a contextual cyber threat intelligence service. The Company also offers incident response, compromise assessment and containment services to assist clients with forensic analysis, state of existing systems and remediation of attacks. These solutions are designed to provide a continuous state of resilience for the Company’s customers and support the outcomes they require by: (i) complementing, extending, or fully managing security capabilities with the Company’s experts and extended technology ecosystem, (ii) enabling the workforce in a way that is fast, easy and satisfying, while providing security visibility, controls and peace of mind; and (iii) reducing complexity and overhead costs associated with security operations.
The Company’s UEM offerings include BlackBerry® UEM, BlackBerry® Dynamics™, BlackBerry® Workspaces, and BlackBerry Messenger (BBM®) Enterprise. BlackBerry UEM employs a containerized approach to manage and secure devices, third party and custom applications, identity, content and endpoints across all leading operating systems, as well as providing regulatory compliance tools. BlackBerry Dynamics offers a best-in-class development platform and secure container for mobile applications, including the Company’s own enterprise applications such as BlackBerry® Work and BlackBerry® Connect for secure collaboration. BlackBerry Workspaces is a secure Enterprise File Sync and Share (EFSS) solution. BBM Enterprise is an enterprise-grade secure instant messaging solution for messaging, voice and video.
BlackBerry SecuSUITE is a certified, multi-OS voice and text messaging solution with advanced encryption, anti-eavesdropping and continuous authentication capabilities, providing a maximum level of security on conventional mobile devices for government and businesses.
BlackBerry AtHoc is a secure, networked critical event management solution that enables people, devices and organizations to exchange critical information in real time during business continuity and life safety operations. The platform securely connects with a diverse set of endpoints to distribute emergency mass notifications, improves personnel accountability and facilitates the bidirectional collection and sharing of data within and between organizations.
28

IoT
The IoT business consists of BlackBerry Technology Solutions (“BTS”), BlackBerry Radar® and BlackBerry IVY®.
The principal component of BTS is BlackBerry QNX, a global provider of real-time operating systems, hypervisors, middleware, development tools, and professional services for connected embedded systems in the automotive, medical, industrial automation and other markets. A recognized leader in automotive software, BlackBerry QNX offers a growing portfolio of safety-certified, secure and reliable platform solutions and is focused on achieving design wins with automotive OEMs, Tier 1 vendors and automotive semiconductor suppliers. These solutions include the BlackBerry QNX real-time operating system, QNX® Hypervisor for Safety and QNX® Software Development Platform (SDP), as well as other products designed to alleviate the challenges of compliance with ISO 26262, the automotive industry’s functional safety standard. The QNX pre-certified microkernel operating system is specifically tailored for safety-critical embedded systems and toolchains that are pre-qualified for building these systems. The QNX Hypervisor for Safety prevents safety systems from potential impact of malfunction in other systems. These products help drive a faster time to market and also reduce developer friction.
BlackBerry QNX is also a preferred supplier of embedded systems for companies building medical devices, train-control systems, industrial robots, hardware security modules, building automation systems, green energy solutions, and other mission-critical applications. BlackBerry QNX collaborates closely with customers to understand their specific requirements and more quickly and effectively develop solutions to meet their evolving needs.
In addition to BlackBerry QNX, BTS includes BlackBerry® Certicom® cryptography and key management products.
BlackBerry Certicom leverages patented elliptic curve cryptography to provide device security, anti-counterfeiting and product authentication solutions. BlackBerry Certicom’s offerings include its managed public key infrastructure (“PKI”) platform, key management and provisioning technology that helps customers to protect the integrity of their silicon chips and devices from the point of manufacturing through the device life cycle. BlackBerry Certicom’s secure key provisioning, code signing and security credential management system services protect next-generation connected cars, critical infrastructure and IoT deployments from product counterfeiting, re-manufacturing and unauthorized network access.
BlackBerry Radar is a family of asset monitoring and telematics solutions for the transportation and logistics industry. The BlackBerry Radar solution includes devices and secure cloud-based dashboards for tracking containers, trailers, chassis, flatbeds and heavy machinery, for reporting locations and sensor data, and for enabling custom alerts and fleet management analytics.
The Company has partnered with Amazon Web Services, Inc. (“AWS”) to develop and market BlackBerry IVY, an intelligent vehicle data platform leveraging BlackBerry QNX’s automotive capabilities. BlackBerry IVY allows automakers to safely access a vehicle’s sensor data, normalize it, and apply machine learning at the edge to generate and share predictive insights and inferences. Automakers and developers will be able to use this information to create responsive in-vehicle applications and services that enhance driver and passenger experiences. BlackBerry IVY supports multiple operating systems and hardware platforms, as well as multi-cloud deployments, in order to ensure compatibility across vehicle models and brands.
The BlackBerry Cybersecurity and IoT groups are complemented by the enterprise and cybersecurity consulting services offered by the Company’s BlackBerry® Professional Services business. BlackBerry Professional Services provides platform-agnostic strategies to address mobility-based challenges, providing expert deployment support, end-to-end delivery (from system design to user training), application consulting, and experienced project management. The Company’s cybersecurity consulting services and tools, combined with its other security solutions, help customers identify the latest cybersecurity threats, test for vulnerabilities, develop risk-appropriate mitigations, maintain IT security standards and techniques, and defend against the risk of future attacks.
29

Licensing and Other
Licensing and Other consists primarily of the Company’s patent licensing business.
The Company’s Licensing business is responsible for the management and monetization of the Company’s global patent portfolio. The patent portfolio continues to provide a competitive advantage in the Company’s core product areas as well as providing leverage in the development of future technologies and licensing programs in both core and adjacent vertical markets. The Company owns rights to an array of patented and patent pending technologies which include, but are not limited to, operating systems, networking infrastructure, acoustics, messaging, enterprise software, automotive subsystems, cybersecurity, cryptography and wireless communications.
Recent Developments
The Company continued to execute on its strategy in fiscal 2025 and announced the following significant achievements during and subsequent to the most recent quarter:
Products and Innovation:
•Launched CylanceMDR, an expert driven and AI-powered Managed Detection and Response (MDR) solution, including an innovative “On-Demand” solution;
•Introduced Cylance Assistant, a generative AI cybersecurity advisor that will help organizations speed up decision-making and stop more threats faster with fewer resources;
•Announced that BlackBerry UEM placed in the upper-right quadrant as a 2024 Gartner® Peer Insights™ Customers’ Choice for Unified Endpoint Management tools; and
•Announced that The Tolly Group identified CylanceENDPOINT as detecting up to 25 percent more threats and with up to eight times less system impact than competitors.
Customers and Partners:
•Announced a partnership between ETAS and BlackBerry QNX to jointly sell and market software solutions to provide the safe and secure foundation for the Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV); and
•Announced a collaboration with AMD to advance foundational precision and control for the robotics industry by enabling new levels of low latency and jitter, and repeatable determinism.
Environmental, Sustainability and Corporate Governance:
•Nominated Lori O’Neill, an experienced corporate director and financial expert for election to its Board of Directors.
Business Separation
On December 11, 2023, the Company announced that it intends to pursue a full separation of the IoT and Cybersecurity businesses, including the separation and streamlining of the Company’s centralized corporate functions into business-unit specific teams, with a view to establishing each business as an independently-operated, profitable and cashflow-positive division. The Company intends for the separation to enhance the operational focus and flexibility for each business, drive improved profitability, and increase optionality for the Company to optimize shareholder value. On February 12, 2024, the Company announced its progress in separation and provided targets in respect to annualized net profit improvements to be achieved through a combination of cost reductions and margin expansion, identified previously achieved annualized cost savings in the third quarter of fiscal 2024, and provided guidance regarding expected improvements in operating cash flow in fiscal 2025. On April 3, 2024, the Company disclosed that it had taken action in fiscal 2024 to reduce annualized expenditures by approximately $105 million and is working towards further run rate reductions.
30

First Quarter Fiscal 2025 Summary Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of operations data for the quarter ended May 31, 2024 compared to the quarter ended May 31, 2023 under U.S. GAAP:

| For the Three Months Ended (in millions, except for share and per share amounts)
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  | Change |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | (229) |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | 96 |  |  | 179 |  |  | (83) |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | 135 |  |  | 190 |  |  | (55) |  |  |  |  |
Investment income, net | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes | (34) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (26) |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (42) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (31) |  |  |  |  |
Loss per share - reported |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (000’s) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 589,821 |  |  | 582,812 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted (1) | 589,821 |  |  | 582,812 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1)Diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and the first quarter of fiscal 2024 does not include the dilutive effect of the Debentures (as defined in “Financial Condition - Debt Financing and Other Funding Sources”), as to do so would be anti-dilutive. Diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and the first quarter of fiscal 2024 does not include the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation as to do so would be anti-dilutive. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Company’s calculation of the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding.
The following table shows information by operating segment for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023. The Company reports segment information in accordance with U.S. GAAP Accounting Standards Codification Section 280 based on the “management” approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker for making decisions and assessing performance of the Company’s reportable operating segments. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s operating segments.

| For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
| Cybersecurity |  | IoT |  | Licensing and Other |  | Segment Totals |  |  |  |
| May 31, |  | Change |  | May 31, |  | Change |  | May 31, |  | Change |  | May 31, |  | Change |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Segment revenue | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | (229) |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | (229) |  |  |  |  |
Segment cost of sales | 35 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 147 |  |  | (145) |  |  | 47 |  |  | 193 |  |  | (146) |  |  |  |  |
Segment gross margin | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | (84) |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  |  |  |

31

The following table reconciles the Company’s segment results for the three months ended May 31, 2024 to consolidated U.S. GAAP results:

| For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2024
| (in millions) |  |  |  |
| Cybersecurity |  | IoT |  | Licensing and Other |  | Segment Totals |  | Reconciling Items |  | Consolidated U.S. GAAP |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 35 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin (1) | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 135 |  |  | 135 |  |  |  |  |
Investment income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (34) |  |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1) See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three months ended May 31, 2024.
The following table reconciles the Company’s segment results for the three months ended May 31, 2023 to consolidated U.S. GAAP results:

| For the Three Months Ended May 31, 2023
| (in millions) |  |  |  |
| Cybersecurity |  | IoT |  | Licensing and Other |  | Segment Totals |  | Reconciling Items |  | Consolidated U.S. GAAP |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 37 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 194 |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin (1) | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 190 |  |  | 190 |  |  |  |  |
Investment income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1) See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three months ended May 31, 2023.
Financial Highlights
The Company had $283 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments as of May 31, 2024 (February 29, 2024 - $298 million).
In the first quarter of fiscal 2025, the Company recognized revenue of $144 million and incurred a net loss of $42 million, or $0.07 basic and diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - revenue of $373 million and net loss of $11 million, or $0.02 basic and diluted loss per share).
The Company recognized adjusted net loss of $15 million, and adjusted loss of $0.03 per share, on a non-GAAP basis in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - adjusted net income of $35 million, and adjusted earnings of $0.06 per share). See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and information contained in this MD&A is presented on that basis. On June 26, 2024, the Company announced financial results for the three months ended May 31, 2024, which included certain non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios, including adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin percentage, adjusted operating expense, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted earnings (loss) per share, adjusted research and development expense, adjusted sales and marketing expense, adjusted general and administrative expense, adjusted amortization expense, adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income (loss) margin percentage, adjusted EBITDA margin percentage and free cash flow (usage).
In the Company’s internal reports, management evaluates the performance of the Company’s business on a non-GAAP basis by excluding the impact of certain items below from the Company’s U.S. GAAP financial results. The Company believes that
32

these non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios provide management, as well as readers of the Company’s financial statements, with a consistent basis for comparison across accounting periods and are useful in helping management and readers understand the Company’s operating results and underlying operational trends. Non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios exclude certain amounts as described below:
•Debentures fair value adjustment. The Company elected to measure the 2020 Debentures (as defined in “Financial Condition - Debt Financing and Other Funding Sources”) at fair value in accordance with the fair value option under U.S. GAAP. Each period, the fair value of the 2020 Debentures was recalculated and the resulting non-cash income and charges from the change in fair value from non-credit components of the 2020 Debentures were recognized in income. The amount varied each period depending on changes to the Company’s share price, share price volatility and credit indices. This was not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.
•Restructuring charges. The Company believes that restructuring costs relating to employee termination benefits, facilities, streamlining the Company’s centralized corporate functions into Cybersecurity and IoT specific teams and other costs pursuant to the programs to reduce its annual expenses amongst R&D, infrastructure and other functions do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods
•Stock compensation expenses. Equity compensation is a non-cash expense and does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company’s management.
•Amortization of acquired intangible assets. When the Company acquires intangible assets through business combinations, the assets are recorded as part of purchase accounting and contribute to revenue generation. Such acquired intangible assets depreciate over time and the related amortization will recur in future periods until the assets have been fully amortized. This is not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.
•Long-lived asset impairment charge. The Company believes that long-lived asset impairment charges do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are not indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.
•Goodwill impairment charge. The Company believes that goodwill impairment charges do not reflect expected future operating expenses, are non-cash, and may not be meaningful when comparing the Company’s operating performance against that of prior periods.
On a U.S. GAAP basis, the impacts of these items are reflected in the Company’s income statement. However, the Company believes that the provision of supplemental non-GAAP measures allows investors to evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s business using the same evaluation measures that management uses, and is therefore a useful indication of the Company’s performance or expected performance of future operations and facilitates period-to-period comparison of operating performance. As a result, the Company considers it appropriate and reasonable to provide, in addition to U.S. GAAP measures, supplementary non-GAAP financial measures that exclude certain items from the presentation of its financial results.
33

Reconciliation of non-GAAP based measures with most directly comparable U.S. GAAP based measures for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023
Readers are cautioned that adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin percentage, adjusted operating expense, adjusted net income (loss), adjusted earnings (loss) per share, adjusted research and development expense, adjusted sales and marketing expense, adjusted general and administrative expense, adjusted amortization expense, adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income (loss) margin percentage, adjusted EBITDA margin percentage and free cash flow (usage) and similar measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in the context of the U.S. GAAP results, which are described in this MD&A and presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
A reconciliation of the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 to adjusted financial measures is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions) |  | May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023
Gross margin |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 179 |
Stock compensation expense |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Adjusted gross margin |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 180 |
Gross margin % |  | 66.7 | % |  | 48.0 | %
Stock compensation expense |  | 0.7 | % |  | 0.3 | %
Adjusted gross margin % |  | 67.4 | % |  | 48.3 | %

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP operating expense for the three months ended May 31, 2024, February 29, 2024 and May 31, 2023 to adjusted operating expense is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions) |  | May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023
Operating expense |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 190 |
Restructuring charges |  | 8 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 5 |
Stock compensation expense |  | 7 |  |  | 5 |  | 8 |
Debentures fair value adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Acquired intangibles amortization |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 10 |
Goodwill impairment charge |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |
LLA impairment charge |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Adjusted operating expense |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 145 |

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net loss and U.S. GAAP basic loss per share for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 to adjusted net income (loss) and adjusted basic earnings (loss) per share is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions, except per share amounts) |  | May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023
|  |  |  | Basic loss per share |  |  |  | Basic earnings (loss) per share
Net loss |  | $ | (42) |  |  | $(0.07) |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $(0.02)
Restructuring charges |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |
Stock compensation expense |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |
Debentures fair value adjustment |  | — |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |
Acquired intangibles amortization |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |
LLA impairment charge |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Adjusted net income (loss) |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $(0.03) |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $0.06

34

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 to adjusted research and development, selling, marketing and administration, and amortization expense is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions) |  | May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |
Research and development |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |
Stock compensation expense |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |
Adjusted research and development expense |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |
Stock compensation expense |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |
Adjusted sales and marketing expense |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |
General and administrative |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |
Restructuring charges |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |
Stock compensation expense |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |
Adjusted general and administrative expense |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |
Amortization |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |
Acquired intangibles amortization |  | 8 |  |  | 10 |  |
Adjusted amortization expense |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |

Adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted operating income (loss) margin percentage and adjusted EBITDA margin percentage for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 are reflected in the table below.

For the Three Months Ended (in millions) |  | May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023
Operating loss |  | $ | (39) |  |  | $ | (11) |
Non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss |  |  |  |
Restructuring charges |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |
Stock compensation expense |  | 8 |  |  | 9 |
Debentures fair value adjustment |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Acquired intangibles amortization |  | 8 |  |  | 10 |
LLA impairment charge |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Total non-GAAP adjustments to operating loss |  | 27 |  |  | 46 |
Adjusted operating income (loss) |  | (12) |  |  | 35 |
Amortization |  | 13 |  |  | 16 |
Acquired intangibles amortization |  | (8) |  |  | (10) |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 41 |
Revenue |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |
Adjusted operating income (loss) margin % (1) |  | (8%) |  | 9%
Adjusted EBITDA margin % (2) |  | (5%) |  | 11%

______________________________
(1) Adjusted operating income (loss) margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted operating income (loss) by revenue.
(2) Adjusted EBITDA margin % is calculated by dividing adjusted EBITDA by revenue.
35

The Company uses free cash flow (usage) when assessing its sources of liquidity, capital resources, and quality of earnings. The Company believes that free cash flow (usage) is helpful in understanding the Company’s capital requirements and provides an additional means to reflect the cash flow trends in the Company’s business.
Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 to free cash flow (usage) is reflected in the table below:

For the Three Months Ended (in millions) |  | May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | 99 |
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment |  | (1) |  |  | (2) |
Free cash flow (usage) |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | 97 |

Key Metrics
The Company regularly monitors a number of financial and operating metrics, including the following key metrics, in order to measure the Company’s current performance and estimated future performance. Readers are cautioned that annual recurring revenue (“ARR”), dollar-based net retention rate (“DBNRR”), and recurring revenue percentage do not have any standardized meaning and are unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
Comparative breakdowns of certain key metrics for the three months ended or as at May 31, 2024 and May 31, 2023 are set forth below.

For the Three Months Ended (in millions) |  | May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  | Change
Cybersecurity Annual Recurring Revenue |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | (4) |
Cybersecurity Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate |  | 87 | % |  | 81 | % |  | 6 | %
Recurring Software Product Revenue Percentage |  | ~ 80 % |  | ~ 90 % |  | (10 | %)

Cybersecurity Annual Recurring Revenue
The Company defines ARR as the annualized value of all subscription, term, maintenance, services, and royalty contracts that generate recurring revenue as of the end of the reporting period. The Company uses ARR as an indicator of business momentum for the Cybersecurity business.
Cybersecurity ARR was approximately $285 million as at May 31, 2024 and increased compared to $280 million as at February 29, 2024 and decreased compared to $289 million as at May 31, 2023.
The Company previously stated that it expected Cybersecurity ARR to be flat sequentially in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Cybersecurity ARR increased by $5 million sequentially in the first quarter of fiscal 2025.
Cybersecurity Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate
The Company calculates the Cybersecurity DBNRR as of period end by first calculating the Cybersecurity ARR from the customer base as at 12 months prior to the current period end (“Prior Period ARR”). The Company then calculates the Cybersecurity ARR for the same cohort of customers as at the current period end (“Current Period ARR”). The Company then divides the Current Period ARR by the Prior Period ARR to calculate the DBNRR.
Cybersecurity DBNRR was 87% as at May 31, 2024 and increased compared to 85% as at February 29, 2024 and 81% as at May 31, 2023.
Recurring Software Product Revenue Percentage
The Company defines recurring software product revenue percentage as recurring software product revenue divided by total software and services revenue. Recurring software product revenue is comprised of subscription and term licenses, maintenance arrangements, royalty arrangements and perpetual licenses recognized ratably under ASC 606. Total software and services revenue is comprised of recurring product revenue, non-recurring product revenue and professional services. The Company uses recurring software product revenue percentage to provide visibility into the revenue expected to be recognized in the current and future periods.
Total software and services product revenue, excluding professional services, was approximately 80% recurring for the three months ended May 31, 2024 and decreased compared to approximately 90% recurring for the three months ended February 29, 2024 due to product mix and decreased compared to approximately 90% for the three months ended May 31, 2023, also due to product mix.
36

Results of Operations - Three months ended May 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2023
Revenue
Revenue by Segment
Comparative breakdowns of revenue by segment are set forth below.

| For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  | Change |  |  |
Revenue by Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cybersecurity | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  |  |  |
IoT | 53 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |
Licensing and Other | 6 |  |  | 235 |  |  | (229) |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | (229) |  |  |  |  |
% Revenue by Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cybersecurity | 59.0 | % |  | 24.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
IoT | 36.8 | % |  | 12.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Licensing and Other | 4.2 | % |  | 63.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
| 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

Cybersecurity
The decrease in Cybersecurity revenue of $8 million was primarily due to a decrease of $17 million relating to product revenue in BlackBerry Spark, partially offset by an increase of $10 million in product revenue in Secusmart.
The Company previously stated that it expected Cybersecurity revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 to be in the range of $78 million to $82 million. Cybersecurity revenue was $85 million due to better-than-expected product revenue in Secusmart.
The Company expects Cybersecurity revenue in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 to be in the range of $82 million to $86 million.
IoT
The increase in IoT revenue of $8 million was primarily due to an increase of $7 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue and an increase of $2 million in professional services, partially offset by a decrease of $1 million in BlackBerry QNX development seat revenue.
The Company previously stated that it expected IoT revenue to be in the range of $48 million to $52 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. IoT revenue was $53 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025.
The Company expects IoT revenue to be in the range of $50 million to $54 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2025.
37

Licensing and Other
The decrease in Licensing and Other revenue of $229 million was primarily due to $218 million associated with the Company’s patent sale in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, which was a one-time event, and a decrease of $11 million in revenue from the Company’s intellectual property licensing arrangements.
The Company previously stated that it expected revenue from intellectual property licensing to be approximately $4 million in each of the four quarters of fiscal 2025. Intellectual property licensing revenue was $6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025.
The Company previously stated that it expected total Company revenue to be approximately $130 million to $138 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Total Company revenue was $144 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 due to better-than-expected product revenue in Secusmart.
The Company expects total BlackBerry revenue to be in the range of $136 million to $144 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2025.
Revenue by Geography
Comparative breakdowns of the geographic regions are set forth in the following table:

| For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  | Change
Revenue by Geography |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 317 |  |  | $ | (249) |  |  |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 47 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 10 |  |  |
Other regions | 29 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 10 |  |  |
| $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | (229) |  |  |
% Revenue by Geography |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | 47.2 | % |  | 85.0 | % |  |  |  |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 32.7 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  |  |  |
Other regions | 20.1 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  |  |  |
| 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |

North America Revenue
The decrease in North America revenue of $249 million was primarily due to a decrease of $229 million relating to Licensing and Other due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, a decrease of $17 relating to product revenue in BlackBerry Spark and a decrease of $2 million in BlackBerry QNX development seat revenue, partially offset by an increase of $3 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue.
Europe, Middle East and Africa Revenue
The increase in Europe, Middle East and Africa revenue of $10 million was primarily due to an increase of $9 million relating to product revenue in Secusmart and an increase of $1 million in BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue.
Other Regions Revenue
The increase in Other regions revenue of $10 million was primarily due to an increase of $4 million in professional services, an increase of $3 million relating to BlackBerry QNX royalty revenue and an increase of $1 million in BlackBerry QNX development seat revenue.
Gross Margin
Consolidated Gross Margin
Consolidated gross margin decreased by $83 million to approximately $96 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - $179 million). The decrease was primarily due to the patent sale in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, which was a one-time event, and a decrease in revenue from BlackBerry Spark due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, partially offset by an increase in revenue from BlackBerry QNX due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the cost of sales for most software and services products does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.
38

Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage
Consolidated gross margin percentage increased by 18.7% to approximately 66.7% of consolidated revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - 48.0%). The increase was primarily due to a change in mix, specifically a higher gross margin contribution from BlackBerry QNX, and a lower gross margin contribution from Licensing and Other, which had a lower relative gross margin percentage in first quarter of fiscal 2024 due to the patent sale.
Gross Margin by Segment
See “First Quarter Fiscal 2025 Summary Results of Operations” for information about the Company’s operating segments and the basis of operating segment results.

| For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
| Cybersecurity |  | IoT |  | Licensing and Other |  | Segment Totals |  |  |  |
| May 31, |  | Change |  | May 31, |  | Change |  | May 31, |  | Change |  | May 31, |  | Change |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Segment revenue | $ | 85 |  | $ | 93 |  | $ | (8) |  | $ | 53 |  | $ | 45 |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 235 |  | $ | (229) |  | $ | 144 |  | $ | 373 |  | $ | (229) |  |  |  |
Segment cost of sales | 35 |  | 37 |  | (2) |  | 10 |  | 9 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 147 |  | (145) |  | 47 |  | 193 |  | (146) |  |  |  |
Segment gross margin | $ | 50 |  | $ | 56 |  | $ | (6) |  | $ | 43 |  | $ | 36 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 88 |  | $ | (84) |  | $ | 97 |  | $ | 180 |  | $ | (83) |  |  |  |
Segment gross margin % | 59 | % |  | 60 | % |  | (1 | %) |  | 81 | % |  | 80 | % |  | 1 | % |  | 67 | % |  | 37 | % |  | 30 | % |  | 67 | % |  | 48 | % |  | 19 | % |  |  |  |

Cybersecurity
The decrease in Cybersecurity gross margin of $6 million was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, partially offset by a decrease of $2 million in infrastructure costs.
The decrease in Cybersecurity gross margin percentage of 1% was due to the same reasons discussed above.
IoT
The increase in IoT gross margin of $7 million was primarily due to the reasons discussed above in “Revenue by Segment”, as the Company’s cost of sales does not significantly fluctuate based on business volume.
The increase in IoT gross margin percentage of 1% was due to the same reasons discussed above.
Licensing and Other
The decrease in Licensing and Other gross margin of $84 million was primarily due to patent sale in the first quarter of fiscal 2024, which had a lower relative gross margin percentage due to the cost basis of the sold assets which was de-recognized.
The increase in Licensing and Other gross margin percentage of 30% was due to the same reason discussed above.
39

Operating Expenses
The table below presents a comparison of research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative, and amortization expenses for the quarter ended May 31, 2024, compared to the quarter ended February 29, 2024 and the quarter ended May 31, 2023. The Company believes it is meaningful to provide a sequential comparison between the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.

| For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
| May 31, 2024 |  |  |  | February 29, 2024 |  |  |  | May 31, 2023
Revenue | $ | 144 |  |  |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  |  |  | $ | 373 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 42 |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |  | 54 |
Sales and marketing | 38 |  |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  |  | 45 |
General and administrative | 40 |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  |  | 54 |
Amortization | 12 |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  | 15 |
Impairment of long-lived assets | 3 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | — |
Impairment of goodwill | — |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  |  | — |
Debentures fair value adjustment | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 22 |
Total | $ | 135 |  |  |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  |  |  | $ | 190 |
Operating Expenses as % of Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 29.2 | % |  |  |  | 23.1 | % |  |  |  | 14.5 | %
Sales and marketing | 26.4 | % |  |  |  | 23.7 | % |  |  |  | 12.1 | %
General and administrative | 27.8 | % |  |  |  | 30.6 | % |  |  |  | 14.5 | %
Amortization | 8.3 | % |  |  |  | 6.9 | % |  |  |  | 4.0 | %
Impairment of long-lived assets | 2.1 | % |  |  |  | 2.3 | % |  |  |  | — | %
Impairment of goodwill | — | % |  |  |  | 20.2 | % |  |  |  | — | %
Debentures fair value adjustment | — | % |  |  |  | — | % |  |  |  | 5.9 | %
Total | 93.8 | % |  |  |  | 106.9 | % |  |  |  | 50.9 | %

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of selected U.S. GAAP-based measures to adjusted measures for the three months ended May 31, 2024, February 29, 2024 and May 31, 2023.
U.S. GAAP Operating Expenses
Operating expenses decreased by $50 million, or 27.0%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 primarily due to the goodwill impairment charge of $35 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, which did not recur, a decrease of $12 million in restructuring costs, a decrease of $7 million in salaries and benefits expenses and a decrease of $4 million in consulting expenses, partially offset by an increase of $6 million in variable incentive plan costs and an increase of $1 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs.
Operating expenses decreased by $55 million, or 28.9%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2024 primarily due to the fair value adjustment related to the 2020 Debentures incurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 of $22 million, which did not recur, a decrease of $16 million in salaries and benefits expenses, a decrease of $5 million in credit loss provision, a decrease of $4 million in consulting expenses, a decrease of $3 million in amortization expense, a decrease of $3 million in legal expense and a decrease of $2 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs, partially offset by an increase of $3 million in restructuring costs.
40

Adjusted Operating Expenses
Adjusted operating expenses decreased by $4 million, or 3.5%, to $109 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to $113 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $7 million in salaries and benefits expenses, a decrease of $4 million in consulting expenses and a decrease of $2 million in sales incentive plan costs, partially offset by an increase of $6 million in variable incentive plan costs.
Adjusted operating expenses decreased by $36 million, or 24.8%, to $109 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, compared to $145 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $16 million in salaries and benefits expense, a decrease of $5 million in credit loss provision, a decrease of $4 million in consulting expenses, a decrease of $3 million in legal expenses, a decrease of $2 million in the Company’s deferred share unit costs and a decrease of $2 million in marketing and advertising costs.
The Company previously stated that it expected its average quarterly non-GAAP operating expense run rate to be approximately $110 million in fiscal 2025. Non-GAAP operating expense was $109 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits costs for technical personnel, new product development costs, travel expenses, office and building costs, infrastructure costs and other employee costs.
Research and development expenses decreased by $12 million, or 22.2%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to $54 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 primarily due to a decrease of $7 million in salaries and benefits expense and a decrease of $2 million in consulting expenses.
Adjusted research and development expenses decreased by $12 million, or 23.1%, to $40 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, compared to $52 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the same reasons described above on a U.S. GAAP basis.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of marketing, advertising and promotion, salaries and benefits, information technology costs and travel expenses.
Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $7 million, or 15.6% in fiscal 2025, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2024, primarily due to a decrease of $6 million in salaries and benefits expense and a decrease of $2 million in marketing and advertising costs.
Adjusted sales and marketing expenses decreased by $8 million, or 18.2%, to $36 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to $44 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the same reasons described above on a U.S. GAAP basis.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administration expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits, external advisory fees, information technology costs, office and related staffing infrastructure costs.
General and administrative expenses decreased by $14 million, or 25.9%, in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $5 million in credit loss provision, a decrease of $3 million in salaries and benefits expense, a decrease of $2 million in legal expense, a decrease of $2 million in the Company’s deferred share unit cost and a decrease of $2 million in stock compensation expense, partially offset by an increase of $3 million in restructuring costs.
Adjusted general and administrative expenses decreased by $15 million, or 34.1%, to $29 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to $44 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $5 million in credit loss provision, a decrease of $3 million in salaries and benefits, a decrease of $2 million in legal expense, a decrease of $2 million in the Company’s deferred share unit cost and a decrease of $1 million in lease expense.
41

Amortization Expense
The table below presents a comparison of amortization expense relating to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets recorded as amortization or cost of sales for the quarter ended May 31, 2024 compared to the quarter ended May 31, 2023. Intangible assets are comprised of patents, licenses and acquired technology.

| For the Three Months Ended (in millions)
| Included in Operating Expense
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  | Change
Property, plant and equipment | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (1) |
Intangible assets | 10 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (2) |
Total | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (3) |
| Included in Cost of Sales
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  | Change
Intangible assets | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |

Amortization included in Operating Expense
The decrease in amortization expense included in operating expense of $3 million was primarily due to the lower cost base of acquired technology assets.
Adjusted amortization expense decreased by $1 million to $4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 compared to $5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 was primarily due to the lower cost base of assets.
Amortization included in Cost of Sales
Amortization expense relating to certain property, plant and equipment and certain intangible assets employed in the Company’s service operations was $1 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, consistent with the first quarter of fiscal 2024.
Investment Income, Net
Investment income, net, which includes the interest expense from the Debentures, was $5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and increased by $2 million from investment income, net of $3 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 primarily due to unrealized gains recognized from observable price changes on non-marketable equity investments without readily determinable fair value and interest income on significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers, partially offset by a lower average cash and investment balance.
Income Taxes
For the first quarter of fiscal 2025, the Company’s net effective income tax expense rate was approximately 24% (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - net effective income tax expense rate of approximately 38%). The Company’s net effective income tax rate reflects the change in unrecognized income tax benefits, if any, and the fact that the Company has a significant valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets; in particular, any change in loss carry forwards or research and development credits, amongst other items, was offset by a corresponding adjustment of the valuation allowance. The Company’s net effective income tax rate also reflects the geographic mix of earnings in jurisdictions with different income tax rates.
Net Loss
The Company’s net loss for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 was $42 million, or $0.07 basic and diluted loss per share on a U.S. GAAP basis (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - net loss of $11 million, or $0.02 basic and diluted loss per share). The increase in net loss of $31 million was primarily due to a decrease in revenue, as described above in “Revenue by Segment”, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses, as described above in “Operating Expenses” and an increase in gross margin percentage, as described above in “Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage”.
42

Adjusted net loss was $15 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, or $0.03 adjusted basic loss per share (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - adjusted net income of $35 million, or $0.06 adjusted basic earnings per share). The decrease in adjusted net income of $50 million was primarily due to a decrease in revenue as described above in “Revenue by Segment”, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses as described above in “Operating Expenses”, and an increase in gross margin percentage, as described above in “Consolidated Gross Margin Percentage”.
The Company expected a sequential increase in operating cash usage in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Operating cash flow usage was $15 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and consistent with the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 due to timing of collections.
The Company expects a sequential increase in operating cash usage in the second quarter of fiscal 2025, before improvement in the third quarter of fiscal 2025.
The Company previously stated that it expected non-GAAP EPS to be in the range of ($0.04) to ($0.06), and adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of negative $15 million to negative $25 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Non-GAAP EPS was ($0.03) due to better-than-expected revenue. Adjusted EBITDA was negative $5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 due to better-than-expected revenue.
The Company expects non-GAAP EPS to be in the range of ($0.02) to ($0.04), and adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of negative $5 million to negative $15 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2025.
The Company expects non-GAAP EPS to be in the range of ($0.03) to ($0.07), and adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of breakeven to $10 million for fiscal 2025 as a whole.
The Company does not provide a reconciliation of expected adjusted EBITDA and expected Non-GAAP basic EPS for the second quarter and full fiscal year 2025 to the most directly comparable expected GAAP measures because it is unable to predict with reasonable certainty, among other things, restructuring charges and impairment charges and, accordingly, a reconciliation is not available without unreasonable effort. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors, and could have a material impact on GAAP reported results for the guidance period.
The weighted average number of shares outstanding was 590 million common shares for basic and diluted loss per share for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 (first quarter of fiscal 2024 - 583 million common shares for basic and diluted loss per share).
Financial Condition
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments decreased by $15 million to $283 million as at May 31, 2024 from $298 million as at February 29, 2024, primarily due to changes in working capital.
A comparative summary of cash, cash equivalents, and investments is set out below:

| As at (in millions)
| May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Change
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | (32) |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 17 |  |  | 25 |  |  | (8) |
Short-term investments | 86 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 24 |
Long-term investments | 37 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 1 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | (15) |

The table below summarizes the current assets, current liabilities, and working capital of the Company:

| As at (in millions)
| May 31, 2024 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | Change
Current assets | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 508 |  |  | $ | (50) |
Current liabilities | 321 |  |  | 356 |  |  | (35) |
Working capital | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | (15) |

Current Assets
The decrease in current assets of $50 million at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2025 from the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable, net of allowance of $51 million, a decrease in cash and cash
43

equivalents of $32 million, and a decrease in taxes receivables of $1 million, partially offset by an increase in short term investments of $24 million and an increase of $10 million in other current assets.
At May 31, 2024, accounts receivable, net of allowance was $148 million, a decrease of $51 million from February 29, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue recognized over the three months ended May 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended February 29, 2024, partially offset by an increase in days sales outstanding to 111 days at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2025 from 100 days at the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.
At May 31, 2024, income taxes receivable was $3 million, a decrease of $1 million from February 29, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the utilization of tax receivable balances against other tax liabilities.
At May 31, 2024, other receivables were $21 million, consistent with February 29, 2024.
At May 31, 2024, other current assets were $57 million, an increase of $10 million from February 29, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $6 million in prepaid software maintenance, an increase of $3 million in prepaid subcontractor services and an increase of $2 million in prepaid rent.
Current Liabilities
The decrease in current liabilities of $35 million at the end of the first quarter of 2025 from the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in deferred revenue, current of $20 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $11 million and a decrease in accrued liabilities of $5 million, partially offset by an increase in income taxes payable of $1 million.
Deferred revenue, current was $174 million, which reflects a decrease of $20 million compared to February 29, 2024 that was attributable to a decrease of $13 million in deferred revenue, current related to BlackBerry Spark, a decrease in $5 million in deferred revenue, current related to BlackBerry QNX and a decrease of $2 million in deferred revenue, current related to Secusmart.
Accounts payable were $6 million, reflecting a decrease of $11 million from February 29, 2024, which was primarily due to timing of payments.
Accrued liabilities were $112 million at the end of the first quarter of 2025, reflecting a decrease of $5 million compared to February 29, 2024, which was primarily due to a decrease of $9 million in accrued restructuring costs and a decrease of $5 million in variable incentive plan accrual, partially offset by an increase of $5 million in accrued cost of goods sold.
Income taxes payable were $29 million, reflecting an increase of $1 million compared to February 29, 2024, which was primarily due to changes in the quarterly tax provision.
Cash flows for the three months ended May 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended May 31, 2023 were as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended
| (in millions)
| May 31, 2024 |  | May 31, 2023 |  | Change
Net cash flows provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | (114) |
Investing activities | (26) |  |  | (38) |  |  | 12 |
Financing activities | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (40) |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | (103) |

Operating Activities
The increase in net cash flows used in operating activities of $114 million primarily reflects the net changes in working capital.
Investing Activities
During the three months ended May 31, 2024, cash flows used in investing activities were $26 million and included cash used in transactions involving the acquisitions of short-term and long-term investments, net of the proceeds on sale or maturity in the amount of $24 million, cash used in the acquisition of intangible assets of $1 million, and the acquisition of property, plant and equipment of $1 million. For the same period in the prior fiscal year, cash flows used in investing activities were $38 million and included cash used in transactions involving the acquisitions of short-term and long-term investments, net of the proceeds on sale or maturity in the amount of $28 million, acquisition of intangible assets of $8 million, and the acquisition of property, plant and equipment of $2 million.
44

Financing Activities
The decrease in cash flows provided by financing activities was $1 million for the first three months of fiscal 2025 due a decrease in common shares issued upon the exercise of stock options and under the employee share purchase plan.
Debt Financing and Other Funding Sources
See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s $200 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% senior convertible unsecured notes issued in January 2024 (the “Notes”) and the $365 million aggregate principal amount of convertible debentures issued in September 2020, which matured in November 2023 (the “2020 Debentures” and, collectively with the Notes, the “Debentures”).
The Company has $17 million in collateralized outstanding letters of credit in support of certain leasing arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information concerning the Company’s restricted cash.
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments were approximately $283 million as at May 31, 2024. The Company’s management remains focused on maintaining appropriate cash balances, efficiently managing working capital balances and managing the liquidity needs of the business. Based on its current financial projections, the Company believes its financial resources, together with expected future operating cash generating and operating expense reduction activities, should be sufficient to meet funding requirements for current financial commitments and future operating expenditures not yet committed, and should provide the necessary financial capacity for the foreseeable future.
Contractual and Other Obligations
The following table sets out aggregate information about the Company’s contractual and other obligations and the periods in which payments are due as at May 31, 2024:

| (in millions)
| Total |  | Short-term (next 12 months) |  | Long-term (>12 months) |  |  |  |
Operating lease obligations | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  |  |  |
Purchase obligations and commitments | 68 |  |  | 68 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Debt interest and principal payments | 230 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 224 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  |  |  |

Total contractual and other obligations as at May 31, 2024 increased by approximately $13 million as compared to the February 29, 2024 balance of approximately $344 million, which was attributable to an increase in purchase obligations and commitments, partially offset by a decrease in operating lease obligations.
The Company does not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements.
Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no changes to the Company’s accounting policies or critical accounting estimates from those described under “Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates” in the Annual MD&A, other than the accounting standards adopted during fiscal 2025 as described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is engaged in operating and financing activities that generate risk in three primary areas:
Foreign Exchange
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk as a result of transactions in currencies other than its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. The majority of the Company’s revenue in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 was transacted in U.S. dollars. Portions of the revenue were denominated in Canadian dollars, euros and British pounds. Expenses, consisting mainly of salaries and certain other operating costs, were incurred primarily in Canadian dollars, but were also incurred in U.S. dollars, euros and British pounds. At May 31, 2024, approximately 21% of cash and cash equivalents, 22% of accounts receivables and 76% of accounts payable were denominated in foreign currencies (February 29, 2024 – 19%, 25% and 59%, respectively). These foreign currencies primarily include the Canadian dollar, euro and British pound. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company maintains net monetary asset and/or liability balances in foreign currencies and engages in foreign currency hedging activities using derivative financial instruments, including currency forward contracts and currency options. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes. If overall foreign currency exchange rates to the U.S. dollar uniformly weakened or strengthened by 10% related to the Company’s net monetary asset or liability balances in foreign currencies at May 31, 2024 (after hedging activities), the impact to the Company would be immaterial.
45

The Company regularly reviews its currency forward and option positions, both on a stand-alone basis and in conjunction with its underlying foreign currency exposures. Given the effective horizons of the Company’s risk management activities and the anticipatory nature of the exposures, there can be no assurance these positions will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in currency exchange rates. Further, the recognition of the gains and losses related to these instruments may not coincide with the timing of gains and losses related to the underlying economic exposures and, therefore, may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and operating results.
Interest Rate
Cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in certain instruments with fixed interest rates of varying maturities. Consequently, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of holding investments of varying maturities and the significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers. The fair value of investments, as well as the investment income derived from the investment portfolio, will fluctuate with changes in prevailing interest rates. The Company also has significant financing components within certain revenue contracts with customers and is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of discounting the future payments from customers with a fixed interest rate. The Company has also issued Notes with a fixed interest rate, as described in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of the Notes. The Company does not currently utilize interest rate derivative instruments.
Credit and Customer Concentration
The Company, in the normal course of business, monitors the financial condition of its customers and reviews the credit history of each new customer. The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) that corresponds to the specific credit risk of its customers, historical trends and economic circumstances. The ACL as at May 31, 2024 was $5 million (February 29, 2024 - $6 million). There was one customer that comprised more than 10% of accounts receivable as at May 31, 2024 (February 29, 2024 - two customers that comprised more than 10%). During the first quarter of fiscal 2025, the percentage of the Company’s receivable balance that was past due decreased by 5.8% compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. Although the Company actively monitors and attempts to collect on its receivables as they become due, the risk of further delays or challenges in obtaining timely payments of receivables from resellers and other distribution partners exists. The occurrence of such delays or challenges in obtaining timely payments could negatively impact the Company’s liquidity and financial condition. There was one customer that comprised 13% of the Company’s revenue in the three months ended May 31, 2024 (three months ended May 31, 2023 - one customer that comprised 58% due to the completed patent sale transaction).
Market values are determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. The Company assesses declines in the value of individual investments for impairment to determine whether the decline is other-than-temporary. The Company makes this assessment by considering available evidence including changes in general market conditions, specific industry and individual company data, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition, the near-term prospects of the individual investment and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the debt securities to maturity.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of May 31, 2024, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended May 31, 2024, no changes were made to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding certain legal proceedings in which the Company is involved.
46

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended May 31, 2024, neither the Company or any of its officers or directors adopted or terminated trading arrangements for the sale of the Company’s common shares.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit
31.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a)
31.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-14(a)
32.1† |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2† |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101* |  | XBRL Instance Document – the document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File – formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

______________________________
* Filed herewith
† Furnished (and not filed) herewith pursuant to Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of the SEC’s Regulation S-K
47

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

| BLACKBERRY LIMITED
Date: June 27, 2024 | By: |  | /s/ John Giamatteo
| Name: |  | John Giamatteo
| Title: |  | Chief Executive Officer
| By: |  | /s/ Steve Rai
| Name: |  | Steve Rai
| Title: |  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

48