10-K 1 agys-3312018x10k.htm 10-K
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For transition period from to

Commission file number 0-5734
AGILYSYS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio | 34-0907152
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1000 Windward Concourse, Suite 250, Alpharetta, Georgia | 30005
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (770) 810-7800
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, without par value | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer þ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No þ
The aggregate market value of Common Shares held by non-affiliates as of May 21, 2018 was $188,903,379.
As of May 21, 2018, 23,234,705 shares of the registrant's common stock were outstanding.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be used in connection with its 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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AGILYSYS, INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
Year Ended March 31, 2018
Table of Contents

|  | Page
| PART I | 4
ITEM 1. | Business | 4
ITEM 1A. | Risk Factors | 14
ITEM 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 19
ITEM 2. | Properties | 19
ITEM 3. | Legal Proceedings | 19
ITEM 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 19
| PART II | 20
ITEM 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 20
ITEM 6. | Selected Financial Data | 21
ITEM 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
ITEM 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 36
ITEM 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 38
ITEM 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 67
ITEM 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 67
ITEM 9B. | Other Information | 67
| PART III | 68
ITEM 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 68
ITEM 11. | Executive Compensation | 68
ITEM 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters | 68
ITEM 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 68
ITEM 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 68
| PART IV | 69
ITEM 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 69
SIGNATURES |  | 70

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Forward Looking Information
This Annual Report and other publicly available documents, including the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference, contain, and our officers and representatives may from time to time make, "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as: "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "goal," "seek," "believe," "project," "estimate," "expect," "strategy," "future," "likely," "may," "should," "will" and similar references to future periods. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, our ability to achieve operational efficiencies and meet customer demand for products and services and the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of this Annual Report. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Annual Report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement made in this Annual Report or any other forward-looking statement that may be made from time to time, whether written or oral, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
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Part I
Item 1. Business.
Overview
Agilysys is a leading technology company that provides innovative software and services for point-of-sale (POS), payment gateway, reservation and table management, property management (PMS), inventory and procurement, business analytics, document management, guest offers management, and mobile and wireless solutions exclusively to the hospitality industry. Our products and services allow operators to streamline operations, improve efficiency and understand customer needs across their properties to deliver a superior overall guest experience. The result is improved guest loyalty, growth in wallet share and increased revenue as they connect and transact with their guests based upon a single integrated view of individual preferences and interactions. We serve four major market sectors: Gaming, both corporate and tribal; Hotels, Resorts and Cruise; Corporate Foodservice Management; and Restaurants, Universities, Stadia and Healthcare. A significant portion of our consolidated revenue is derived from contract support, maintenance and subscription services.
Agilysys operates across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and India with headquarters located in Alpharetta, GA. For more information, visit www.agilysys.com.
The sales of our Retail Solutions Group (RSG) business and United Kingdom business entity (UK entity) each represented a disposal of a component of an entity. As such, the operating results of RSG and the UK entity have been reported as a component of discontinued operations in Item 6. Selected Financial Data, of this Annual Report, for the twelve months ended March 31, 2014.
Our principal executive offices and corporate services are located at 1000 Windward Concourse, Suite 250, Alpharetta, Georgia, 30005.
Reference herein to any particular year or quarter refers to periods within our fiscal year ended March 31. For example, fiscal 2018 refers to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
History and Significant Events
Organized in 1963 as Pioneer-Standard Electronics, Inc., an Ohio corporation, we began operations as a distributor of electronic components and, later, enterprise computer solutions. Exiting the former in fiscal 2003 with the sale of our Industrial Electronic Division, we used the proceeds to reduce debt, fund growth of our enterprise solutions business. This included acquiring businesses focused on higher-margin and more specialized solutions for the hospitality and retail industries. At the same time, we changed our name to Agilysys, Inc.
In fiscal 2004, we acquired Inter-American Data, Inc., which allowed us to become the leading developer and provider of technology solutions for property and inventory management in the casino and resort industries.
In fiscal 2007, we exited the enterprise computer distribution business. We used the proceeds from that sale to return cash to shareholders and fund a number of acquisitions that broadened our solutions and capabilities portfolios. We acquired InfoGenesis, Inc., Visual One Systems Corp. and Eatec Corporation in fiscal 2008, significantly expanding our specialized offerings to the hospitality industry through enterprise-class POS, PMS and inventory and procurement software solutions tailored for a variety of applications in cruise, golf, spa, gaming, lodging, resort, and catering. These offerings feature highly intuitive, secure and robust solutions, easily scalable across multiple departments or property locations.
In fiscal 2012, we sold our remaining enterprise computer solutions business and restructured our business model to focus on higher-margin, profitable growth opportunities in the hospitality and retail sectors. We also reduced our real-estate footprint and lowered overhead costs by relocating corporate services from Solon, Ohio to Alpharetta, Georgia, thus moving our senior management team closer to our operating units.
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In fiscal 2014, we sold our retail solutions and services business to Kyrus Solutions, Inc. (Kyrus), an affiliate of Clearlake Capital Group, L.P. Following completion of the transaction, our business focused exclusively on hospitality solutions and the growth opportunities in the hospitality market.
In fiscal year 2018, we opened an India development center in Chennai, India, to supplement our product development efforts.
Today, we are focused on providing state-of-the-art, end-to-end solutions that enhance guest experiences and allow our customers to promote their respective brands. We help our customers win the guest recruitment battle and, in turn, grow revenue, reduce costs and increase efficiency. This is accomplished by developing and deploying innovative solutions that increase speed and accuracy, integrate with other enterprise systems and create a common infrastructure for managing guest data thereby enabling more effective management, intelligent upselling, reduced shrinkage, improved brand recognition and better control of the customer relationship. Our strategy is to increase the proportion of revenue we derive from ongoing support and maintenance agreements, software as a subscription service, cloud applications and professional services.
Products, Support and Professional Services
We are a leading developer and marketer of software enabled solutions and services to the hospitality industry, including: hardware and software products; support, maintenance and subscription services; and, professional services. Areas of specialization are point-of-sale, property management, inventory and procurement, workforce management, and mobile and wireless solutions designed to streamline operations, improve efficiency and enhance the guest experience.
We present revenue and costs of goods sold in three categories:

• | Products (hardware and software)

• | Support, maintenance and subscription services

• | Professional services

Total revenue from continuing operations for these three specific areas is as follows:

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Products | $ | 33,699 |  | $ | 38,339 |  | $ | 41,445 |
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 69,068 |  | 63,308 |  | 60,104 |
Professional services | 24,593 |  | 26,031 |  | 18,817 |
Total | $ | 127,360 |  | $ | 127,678 |  | $ | 120,366 |

Products:
The hospitality industry has long been focused on operating end-to-end businesses, but the technology vendors that service the industry have been focused on product-centric solutions that make use of a high number of software modules and operating silos. To resolve this disconnect and more effectively align with the business operations of our customers, we have evolved our approach to be focused on delivering integrated "platform-centric” solutions for Lodging, Food & Beverage and Payments applications through an investment in the development of a web services oriented architecture enterprise platform. Our rGuest™ platform is aimed at transitioning our product and services offerings to better address the needs of hospitality operators as they focus on building better connections with guests, pre-, during and post-visit. The rGuest platform facilitates an end-to-end solution that helps our customers improve the guest experience, increase top-line performance and reduce operating costs, which leads to opportunities for higher profitability. Our next-generation of products and services are aimed at helping hospitality operators recruit customers into their facilities, increase their wallet share from each customer and improve the overall guest experience from the initial customer touch point through post-visit interactions.
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Our proprietary product suite is comprised of:
The rGuest hospitality platform underlies our industry leading solutions that are being introduced to operators of all sizes and with varying needs. The rGuest Software as a Service (“SaaS”)-based platform is designed to run on the public cloud, private cloud, on-premise, or in a hybrid configuration where the infrastructure may be above premise but the data can reside on premise. rGuest’s flexible architecture scales seamlessly to meet the needs of multi-property customers as well as for a single property.
The rGuest hospitality platform helps operators more efficiently manage their business and grow their sales by:

• | Identifying and tracking guest profile and behavior so that it may be used to create effective loyalty programs using guest-specific promotions and offers to ensure the best guest experience while ensuring the property extracts the maximum wallet share from each customer;

• | Enabling historical analysis of data to continuously improve operations and grow revenue opportunities;

• | Allowing for real-time management through mobile and web interfaces for immediate remediation of business and guest related issues;

• | Creating a framework of core services for the delivery of business applications faster with the critical benefit of having fewer moving parts to manage;

• | Ensuring that all new rGuest modules will be written on top of the rGuest platform to leverage common look/feel, functions and usage paradigms that reduce the overhead of managing and learning multiple systems;

• | Providing for easy integration with other hospitality management systems; and,

• | Incorporating key infrastructure design elements such as global and multi-language support, regulatory compliance and security, including authentication, authorization, encryption, tokenization, handling of payment & PII information and overall application data and user security.

Our rGuest product suite is designed to maximize the insight and value available in “big data” by:

• | Identifying the most valuable data and determining how best to use it;

• | Empowering users to be capable of both working with new technologies and of interpreting the data to find meaningful business insights;

• | Creating data access and connectivity across the majority of guest touch points;

• | Providing an IT platform that can efficiently adapt to changes in the landscape;

• | Working across business functions' organizational challenges and finding ways to enhance cross-team collaboration; and,

• | Implementing the highest levels of security to ensure data protection.

The rGuest platform currently includes the following in-market solutions:
rGuest® Stay is the company’s groundbreaking cloud-based property management system that optimizes operational efficiency, increases revenue and enhances guest service. rGuest Stay is currently generally available for select-service hotels and chains, as well as for limited-service casino hotels.
The guest-centric PMS leverages the rGuest standards-based platform on an open architecture with public APIs to enable richly integrated applications delivered from Agilysys, its partners and customers. rGuest Stay offers powerful capabilities for multi-property operations, allowing managers to view guest profiles, history and reservations, as well as room availability and operational reports, seamlessly across multiple properties.
Focused on improving revenue and streamlining operations, rGuest Stay is designed to enable hotels to gather and analyze guest information that can be used to create loyalty-generating offers and increase guest wallet share. In addition, running natively in a browser on both desktop and tablet devices, it delivers real-time operating metrics so that hotels can more accurately forecast demand and scale guest services accordingly.
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To help improve property operations, rGuest Stay offers a next-generation housekeeping optimization engine, built using the included rGuest workflow engine, that assigns staff resources to balance guest needs and operational efficiency. In addition, its intuitive user interface and online help functionality reduce team training time and ensure superior guest service with rapid solution ROI.
rGuest Buy is an enterprise-class self-service, customer-facing point of sale solution for the hospitality industry. It is ideal for food & beverage venues such as Grab N Go, corporate cafeterias and food courts. It includes self-service “order and pay” kiosks, and kitchen workflow management systems. rGuest Buy is currently deployed at more than 25 customer sites across the country, including corporate cafeterias at a top five U.S. bank, a top 40 U.S. law firm, one of the nation's largest technology manufacturers, and at a national financial services firm.
rGuest Buy’s intuitive customer-facing order and pay experiences transfer the control and convenience to the end user. The self-service components reduce on-site labor needed to manage venue operations, while improving customer throughput, check size, order accuracy, customer experience and satisfaction. The platform-driven and cloud-based solution allows for easy deployments and management at scale resulting in a lowered overall cost of ownership.
rGuest Buy offers:

• | Extensibility and a partner ecosystem: The technology architecture allows for rich data integrations for all Agilysys products (InfoGenesis, rGuest Pay, rGuest Analyze, etc.), as well as easy integration with a partner development ecosystem, as well as customer developed applications.

• | “Self-managed” Cloud Solution: Fully managed cloud solution pushes latest releases, patches and features automatically to all rGuest Buy devices at the property. This ensures quicker support turn-around times, zero on-site IT resources for maintenance, robust security and uptimes.

• | “Always on” Business - No offline interruptions: rGuest Buy offers an “always-on” customer experience with robust network tolerance and offline processing capabilities.

• | Manage at Scale: rGuest Buy allows customers to map a complex business structure in an intuitive way to support propagation of brands, concepts, and other policies.

• | Reduce Risk - PCI validated payment platform: rGuest Buy integrates with rGuest Pay, our secure payment platform. Customers protect brand value and avoid liability with our encrypted card data solution, and safeguard against fraud and chargebacks by implementing EMV solutions, while protecting application data via SSL.

rGuest Pay is our innovative payments gateway. rGuest Pay protects guests’ financial data and reduces risk by leveraging point-to-point encryption (P2PE) and tokenization with every credit card transaction. rGuest Pay Gateway leverages one of the first payment gateways in the world to receive official PCI-P2PE validation, allowing us to offer PCI cost and scope reduction that other providers cannot. These security benefits are built on top of a full-featured, enterprise-grade gateway that offers broad support for U.S. credit card processors and a wide variety of payment device options for every use-case, including countertop, pay-at-table, EMV, mobile tablet, and signature capture scenarios.
rGuest Pay offers:

• | A full suite of credit card processing services

• | Industry-leading payment security through tokenization and P2PE

• | Flexible hardware supporting EMV and NFC contactless transactions

• | Integration with 3rd Party POS/PMS applications through a simple-to-use API

• | Consolidated transaction reporting

• | Comprehensive payment processor support

• | Support for Pay-at-Table devices

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rGuest Seat is a guest-centric table, reservation and wait list management solution that helps restaurants increase revenue by retaining repeat customers and providing a superior guest experience. Online dining reservations enable restaurants to increase bookings by allowing diners to reserve a table through the restaurant’s website or mobile app. Wait-list management optimizes the restaurant’s use of tables and resources, helping staff estimate wait times more accurately and avoiding lost or dissatisfied customers.
rGuest Seat offers:

• | Streamlined online reservations that increase guest bookings without tying staff up on the phone

• | Wait-list automation to accurately predict wait times and meet guest expectations

• | Two-way text communications with waiting guests to optimize the guest experience

• | A complete view of reservation or wait-list status across restaurants within a peer group

• | Accessibility of guest data based on their previous dining experiences to provide a much higher level of guest service

• | A library of configurable reports that can be accessed in real time or received through email at a scheduled delivery time

• | Integration with InfoGenesis that allows the POS system to be automatically updated with guest data for a more personalized dining experience

• | Real-time table status to be relayed between rGuest Seat and InfoGenesis (POS) to help maximize table turns and keep restaurant operations and reservations running smoothly

rGuest Analyze is a cloud-based data analysis service focused on the needs of the hospitality industry. It is a full business intelligence solution that collects data from Agilysys point-of-sale and property management solutions and helps food & beverage and property operators gain critical insight into business operations and performance. Out-of-the-box analysis helps hospitality operators manage costs, minimize loss due to fraud, boost item sales, increase server productivity, occupancy, room revenue, and other profit enhancing capabilities.
rGuest Analyze offers:

• | Centralized enterprise reporting across sites, venues and profit centers

• | Slice-and-dice analysis without the need for IT/DBA resources that provides immediate insight into food & beverage as well as lodging operations

• | Out-of-the-box customizable reports that provide insight into sales, revenue, server/cashier activity, discounts, tenders, ADR, RevPAR, and Occupancy

• | Easy to learn, web-based reporting tools with simple drag-and-drop capabilities for fast data exploration and report generation

• | Executive level dashboards that are as easy to design, publish and disseminate as creating a word document with both web and mobile views

Going forward, Agilysys plans to introduce additional functionality and modules for the rGuest platform.
Agilysys’ well established offerings for point-of-sale, property management, inventory procurement, workforce management, document management and activity booking product and services include:
Point-of Sale

• |

Agilysys InfoGenesis®™ POS is an award-winning point-of-sale solution that combines a fast, intuitive and easy-to-use terminal application with powerful reporting and configuration capabilities for the back office. The flexible system is easy to set up, and its scalable architecture enables customers to add workstations without having to build out expensive infrastructure. The system's detailed and high-quality reporting capabilities provide insight into sales data and guest purchasing trends. Other
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features include support for packages and prix fixe menus, signature capture and multi-language capability. InfoGenesis POS is available as an on-premise solution or through a subscription service.

• |

Agilysys InfoGenesis Flex is a mobility solution that offers full point-of-sale functionality on a Windows tablet. It provides a sleek, modern alternative to traditional point-of-sale installations and can be used as a slim fixed terminal or as a convertible simply by removing the tablet from its base.

• |

Agilysys eCash takes traditional cashless payment and stored value card capabilities and integrates them directly with InfoGenesis POS, increasing consumers' payment options.
All POS products are available through traditional software licensing or via subscription.
Property Management Systems (“PMS”)

• |

Agilysys Lodging Management System® (LMS) is an on-premises, web-enabled PMS solution targeting the Casino/Gaming segment (also offered as a hosted solution). It runs 24/7 to automate every aspect of hotel operations in properties of 1,000 rooms or more, and has interfaces to all core casino management systems. Its foundation expands to incorporate modules for sales and catering, activities scheduling, attraction ticketing and more.

• |

Agilysys Visual One™ PMS is installed in hotels and resorts ranging from 50-1,500 rooms. It is a complete PMS solution enabling the resort to run its end-to-end operations, including Front Desk, Housekeeping, Sales & Catering, Maintenance, Accounting, SPA, Golf and Activities. For complex resorts that require an enterprise-wide system, Visual One provides an integrated solution with interfaces to leading global distribution systems (GDSs) and our other products.

• | Agilysys Insight™ Mobile Manager is a mobile dashboard application that enables hotel managers to quickly view key property information - including arrivals and departures, VIPs, total guests, housekeeping status, revenue and groups - from a mobile device. It supports Apple iPad®, iPad mini and iPhone® mobile devices and integrates fully with the Agilysys LMS property management solution.

Inventory and Procurement

• |

Agilysys Eatec® provides core purchasing, inventory, recipe, forecasting, production and sales analysis functions and is unique in offering catering, restaurant, buffet management and nutrition modules in a single web-enabled solution.

• |

Agilysys EatecTouch is an optional software applet that operates on any MicroSoft® Windows®-based POS terminal, providing users with access to the Eatec application from any terminal location.

• |

Agilysys EatecPocket is a Microsoft Windows Mobile compatible application designed to work on a handheld wireless device, enabling users to perform inventory transactions. The software incorporates barcode scanner functionality for mobile updates of the database.

• |

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Agilysys Stratton Warren System (SWS) integrates with all leading financial and POS software products. The software manages the entire procurement process via e-commerce, from business development to the management of enterprise-wide backend systems and daily operations.

• |

Agilysys SWS Direct is an add-on module for SWS that provides a convenient, efficient and intuitive shopping cart experience to SWS users. SWS Direct streamlines operations, provides enhanced bidding and request for pricing services, and offers supplier registration tools and self-service maintenance capabilities.
Eatec and Stratton Warren System solutions are available through traditional software licensing or via subscription.
Document Management

• |

Agilysys DataMagine™ is a U.S.-patented imaging module and archiving solution that allows users to securely capture and retrieve documents and system-generated information. DataMagine integrates with other Agilysys products, adding functionality and providing seamless workflows that cross functional areas.
Activities

• |

Agilysys GolfPro is a module that offers golf property managers complete pro shop management with tee time scheduling, member profile/billing, tournament management and Web and e-mail access bundled into one solution.

• |

Agilysys Spa Management software covers all aspects of running a spa business, from scheduling guests for services to managing staff schedules. The software also integrates with our PMS solutions.

• |

Agilysys LMS ARTS® interfaces with hotel guest data, allowing reservationists to pre-plan activities when booking a guest's room. The application also places canceled activities back into inventory for resale, resulting in optimum property utilization and profitability.

• |

Agilysys Visual One Activities software streamlines the management of all of the amenities and activities a property has to offer. Staff can easily schedule and personalize reservations for guests; activities then appear on itinerary/confirmations.
Products revenue also includes remarketed hardware and proprietary and remarketed software that is deployed as an integral component of the solutions we provide.
Support, Maintenance and Subscription Services: Contracted technical support, maintenance and subscription services are a significant portion of our consolidated revenue and typically generate higher profit margins than products revenue. Growth has been driven by a strategic focus on developing and promoting these offerings while market demand for maintenance services and updates that enhance reliability, as well as the desire for flexibility in purchasing options, continue to reinforce this trend. Our commitment to exceptional service has enabled us to become a trusted partner with customers who wish to optimize the level of service they provide to their guests and maximize commerce opportunities both on- and off-premise.
Professional Services: We have industry-leading expertise in designing, implementing, integrating and installing customized solutions into both traditional and newly created platforms. For existing enterprises, we seamlessly integrate new systems and for start-ups and fast-growing customers, we become a partner that can manage large-scale rollouts and tight construction schedules. Our extensive experience ranges from staging equipment to phased rollouts as well as training staff to provide operational expertise to help achieve maximum effectiveness and efficiencies in a manner that saves our customers time and money. In addition to our hosted solutions for InfoGenesis, Stratton Warren Systems and Eatec, Agilysys has recently added the ability to migrate on premise property lodging data to the LMS® Property Management System hosted solution.
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Representative Agilysys clients include:

AVI Foodsystems, Inc. | CSU Fullerton Auxiliary Services Corporation | Resorts World Bimini
Banner Health | Drury Hotels | Rosen Hotels & Resorts
Benchmarc Restaurants | Farmers Restaurant Group | Royal Caribbean International
Black Rock Resort | Golden Nugget Lake Charles | Royal Lahaina Resort
Boyd Gaming Corporation | Grand Sierra Resort and Casino | Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem
BR Guest Hospitality | Harbor Winds Hotel | SAVOR
The Broadmoor's Ranch at Emerald Valley | Hialeah Park | Spooky Nook Sports
Caesars Entertainment | Hilton Worldwide | Sugar Factory
Cal Dining at UC Berkeley | Ho-Chunk Gaming | SUNY Cobleskill
Camelback Lodge & Waterpark | Maryland Live! Casino | The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino
Casa Ybel Resort | Norwegian Cruise Line | University of Akron
Casino del Sol Resort | Oxford Casino | Vail Resorts
Compass Group North America | Palm Garden Hotel | Valley View Casino & Hotel
Comanche Nation of Oklahoma | Pinehurst Resort | Vanderbilt University
Copper Mountain | Pinnacle Entertainment | Yale University
The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas | Prairie Band Casino & Resort |

Industry and Markets
We offer innovative solutions and services for point-of-sale (POS), payment gateway, reservation and table management, property management (PMS), inventory and procurement, business analytics, document management, guest offers management, and mobile and wireless solutions exclusively to the hospitality industry. We serve four major market sectors: Gaming, both corporate and tribal; Hotels, Resorts and Cruise; Corporate Foodservice Management; and Restaurants, Universities, Stadia and Healthcare.
The hospitality industry encompasses a wide variety of market sectors and customers. We operate throughout North America, Europe and Asia, with headquarters located in Alpharetta, GA. Sales to customers outside of the United States represent approximately 5% of total sales.
The hospitality industry is highly fragmented and composed of a number of defined markets including lodging, casinos, cruise ships, resorts and spas, franchise operators, restaurant chains, stadia, and arenas among others. For example, in the lodging segment, no single hotel brand accounts for more than 4% of all hotel rooms in the United States. According to STR Global, in 2017 the U.S. hotel industry set records for supply (roughly 1.87 billion room-nights available) and demand (roughly 1.23 billion room-nights sold). Based on percentage growth for the year, demand (+2.7%) significantly outpaced supply (+1.8%), even though the supply growth figure was the largest for the industry since 2009. STR further reported that compared with 2016, US hotel occupancy increased by +0.9% to 65.9%, average daily rate (ADR) increased by +2.1% to US$126.72, and revenue per available room (RevPAR)increased by +3.0% to US$83.57.
The hospitality business is sensitive to the strength of domestic and global economic and credit conditions. Business and destination resort travel are highly correlated with the economic conditions in their respective markets. Competition is intense for consumer spending, and hospitality industry participants are seeking ways to increase their visibility and appeal as well as enhance the experience of their guests. In its 2017 Travel and Hospitality Industry Outlook, Deloitte observed that travel companies should
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leverage an increased awareness of customer expectations, re-imagined technology strategy, and differentiated offerings to provide unmatched travel experiences. Our products and solutions are meant to leverage the opportunity these challenges create by providing our customers with a higher degree of guest connectivity and added engagement tools that will enable them to better capitalize on their brand equity, and more profitably manage their operations, and grow their business. In addition to product solutions that are designed and customized to meet unique facility or multi-facility needs, we also provide an array of support and subscription options geared towards maintaining systems and professional services for implementation and rollouts.
We have a significant customer base in the commercial casino and gaming sector. According to CPA firm Rubin Brown's Gaming Services Group, US Gaming industry annual revenues grew to nearly $76 billion in 2017, as compared to approximately $73 billion in 2016. Amenities in contemporary casinos extend well beyond gaming to include a variety of entertainment and leisure options as well as modern convention centers and meeting facilities to attract the corporate market. International gaming markets are growing rapidly both in size and new jurisdictions. Asian gaming markets continue to generate robust growth. Gross gaming revenue in Macau exceeds that of the Las Vegas Strip, with a number of the current and planned properties in the region operated by U.S.-based companies. As the market share leader in providing PMS systems to casinos on the Las Vegas Strip, we are well positioned to benefit from these strong and long-standing relationships as our customer base expands into international markets. Additionally, as gaming operators migrate toward cashless operations, optimization of non-gaming spend and digital track-and-log of unique guest behavior, we are able to provide the requisite technologies and expertise to satisfy their needs.
We also have expertise in serving the unique needs of Cruise ship operators. Guests and potential customers are expecting an experience that reflects their unique tastes, preferences and travel habits, and cruise operators have seen the need to adequately support the increasing level of personalization and detail required to capture the highest level of guest satisfaction. Our products and services are designed to best help them deliver on this critical part of their business. According to the Cruise Lines International Association and Cruise Market Watch 2018, cruise lines continued the growth trends of recent years in 2017. The worldwide cruise ship fleet currently stands at 365 ships and the current order book includes 106 new ships to be delivered by 2027. The industry carried an estimated 25.2 million passengers in 2017, up from nearly 24.2 million passengers in 2016.
Customers
Our customers include large, medium-sized and boutique companies, both owned and franchised, as well as divisions or departments of large corporations in the hospitality industry. We concentrate on serving the needs of customers in a range of customer-focused settings where brand differentiation is important, particularly in the lodging, casino, destination resort, cruise line, foodservice industries where competition for guest recruitment is intense. Our current customer base is highly fragmented, with the exception of one customer representing 10% of consolidated revenue for the year ended March 31, 2017.
Seasonality
We have traditionally experienced seasonal revenue weakness during our fiscal first quarter ending June 30. Additionally, the timing of large one-time orders, such as those associated with significant remarketed product sales around large customer refresh cycles or significant volume rollouts, occasionally creates volatility in our quarterly results.
Competition
Our solutions face a highly competitive market. Competition exists with respect to developing and maintaining relationships with customers, pricing for products and solutions, and customer support and service.
We compete with other full-service providers that sell and service bundled POS and PMS solutions comprised of hardware, software, support and services. These companies, some of which are much larger than we are, include Oracle Corp., NCR, Constellation Software, Inc., Amadeus IT Group and Infor. We also compete with software companies like Vivonet, POSitouch, Northwind and Appetize Technologies. In addition, we compete with PMS systems that are designed and maintained in-house by large hotel chains.
Environmental Matters
We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable environmental laws. Presently, we do not anticipate that such compliance will have a material effect on capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position with respect to any of our operations.
Employees
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As of May 21, 2018, we had 841 employees. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements, have had no strikes or work stoppages and consider our employee relations to be good.
Access to Information
Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports are available free of charge through our corporate website, http://www.agilysys.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The information posted on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K (Annual Report). Reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically, are maintained on the SEC website, http://www.sec.gov.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Risks Relating to Our Business
Our future success will depend on our ability to develop new products, product upgrades and services that achieve market acceptance.
Our business is characterized by rapid and continual changes in technology and evolving industry standards. We believe that in order to remain competitive in the future we will need to continue to develop new products, product upgrades and services, requiring the investment of significant financial resources. If we fail to accurately anticipate our customer's needs and technological trends, or are otherwise unable to complete the development of a product or product upgrade on a timely basis, we will be unable to introduce new products or product upgrades into the market on a timely basis, if at all, and our business and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
The development process for most new products and product upgrades is complicated, involves a significant commitment of time and resources and is subject to a number of risks and challenges including:

• | Managing the length of the development cycle for new products and product enhancements, which has frequently been longer than we originally expected;

• | Adapting to emerging and evolving industry standards and to technological developments by our competitors and customers; and

• | Extending the operation of our products and services to new and evolving platforms, operating systems and hardware products, such as mobile devices.

If we are not successful in managing these risks and challenges, or if our new products, product upgrades, and services are not technologically competitive or do not achieve market acceptance, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
If we fail to meet our customers' performance expectations, our reputation may be harmed, and we may be exposed to legal liability.
Our ability to attract and retain customers depends to a large extent on our relationships with our customers and our reputation for high quality services and solutions. As a result, if a customer is not satisfied with our services or solutions, our reputation may be damaged. Moreover, if we fail to meet our clients' performance expectations, we may lose clients and be subject to legal liability, particularly if such failure adversely impacts our clients' businesses.
In addition, many of our projects are critical to the operations of our customers' businesses. While our contracts typically include provisions designed to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our products and services, these provisions may not adequately protect us or may not be enforceable in all cases. The general liability insurance coverage that we maintain, including coverage for errors and omissions, is subject to important exclusions and limitations. We cannot be certain that this coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim. A successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage or changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our profitability.
We face extensive competition in the markets in which we operate, and our failure to compete effectively could result in price reductions and/or decreased demand for our products and services.
Several companies offer products and services similar to ours. The rapid rate of technological change in the hospitality market makes it likely we will face competition from new products designed by companies not currently competing with us. We believe our competitive ability depends on our product offerings, our experience in the hospitality industry, our product development and systems integration capability, and our customer service organization. There is no assurance, however, that we will be able to compete effectively in the hospitality technology market in the future.
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We compete for customers based on several factors, including price. In some cases, we may have to reduce our pricing to obtain business. If we are not able to maintain favorable pricing for our products and services, our profit margin and our profitability could suffer.
Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our software products may result in reduced sales or liabilities.
Our software may be used in connection with processing sensitive data (e.g., credit card numbers). It may be possible for the data to be compromised if our customer does not maintain appropriate security procedures. In those instances, the customer may attempt to seek damages from us. While we believe that all of our current software complies with applicable industry security requirements and that we take appropriate security measures to reduce the possibility of breach through our support and other systems, we cannot assure that our customers' systems will not be breached, or that all unauthorized access can be prevented. If a customer, or other person, seeks redress from us as a result of a security breach, our business could be adversely affected.
Cloud-based platform and software applications presents increased security risks.
As we expand our cloud-based platform and software hosting capabilities, including our rGuest products, and offer more of our software applications to our customers on a cloud-based basis, our responsibility for data and system security with respect to data held in our hosting centers increases significantly. While we believe that our current platform, software applications and data centers comply with applicable laws and industry security requirements, and while we believe that we use appropriate security measures to reduce the possibility of unauthorized access or misuse of data in the data centers, we cannot provide absolute assurance that our cloud-based applications will not be breached, or that all unauthorized access can be prevented. If a security breach were to occur, a customer, regulatory agency, or other person could seek redress from us, which could adversely affect our business.
If we fail to attract and retain key employees, our business may be harmed.
Our success depends on the skill, experience and dedication of our employees. If we are unable to attract and retain sufficiently experienced and capable personnel, especially in product development, customer services and support, operations, sales and management, our business and financial results may suffer. For example, if we are unable to attract and retain a sufficient number of skilled technical personnel, our ability to develop high quality products and provide high quality customer service may be impaired. Experienced and capable personnel in the technology industry remain in high demand, and there is continual competition for their talents. When talented employees leave, we may have difficulty replacing them, and our business may suffer. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain the personnel that we need.
We may incur goodwill, intangible asset and capitalized software development impairment charges that adversely affect our operating results.
As of March 31, 2018 we had $19.6 million, $8.5 million, and $45.2 million of goodwill, intangible assets, net, and software development costs, net, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet. We review our goodwill, intangible assets and capitalized software development costs for impairment on at least an annual basis. Our future operating results and the market price of our common stock could be materially adversely affected if we are required to write down the carrying value of goodwill, intangible assets or capitalized software development in the future.
We may be subject to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights.
While we do not believe that our products and services infringe any patents or other intellectual property rights, from time to time, we receive claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others. On April 6, 2012, Ameranth, Inc. filed a complaint against us for patent infringement in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California alleging that point-of-sale and property management and other hospitality information technology products sold by us infringe patents owned by Ameranth. This lawsuit remains pending.
This lawsuit and any other such claim, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation and distract management from day-to-day operations. If we are found liable, we could be obligated to pay significant damages or enter into license agreements.
We may not be able to enforce or protect our intellectual property rights.
We rely on a combination of copyright, patent, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology. Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights would diminish or eliminate the competitive advantages that we derive from our proprietary technology.
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We are subject to litigation, which may be costly.
As a company that does business with many customers, employees and suppliers, we are subject to litigation. The results of such litigation are difficult to predict, and we may incur significant legal expenses if any such claim were filed. While we generally take steps to reduce the likelihood that disputes will result in litigation, litigation is very commonplace and could have an adverse effect on our business.
Our cloud-based solutions present execution and competitive risks.
Our solutions offered in the cloud accessible via the web without present new and difficult technology challenges. These offerings depend on integration of third-party hardware, software and cloud hosting vendors working together with our products. As a result, we may be subject to claims if customers experience service disruptions, breaches or other quality issues related to our cloud-based solutions.
Continuing challenging global economic conditions could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Global economic conditions continue to be challenging. Our revenue and profitability depend significantly on general economic conditions and the level of capital available to our customers. Our business trends and revenue growth continue to be affected by the challenging economic climate. These difficult economic conditions and the uncertainty about future economic conditions may adversely affect our customers' level of spending, ability to obtain financing for purchases, ability to make timely payments to us and adoption of new technologies, which could require us to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts, negatively impact our days sales outstanding, lead to increased price competition and adversely affect our results of operations.
Our dependence on certain strategic partners makes us vulnerable to the extent we rely on them.
We rely on a concentrated number of vendors for the majority of our hardware and for certain software and related services needs. We do not have long term agreements with many of these vendors. If we can no longer obtain these hardware, software or services needs from our major suppliers due to mergers, acquisitions or consolidation within the marketplace, material changes in their partner programs, their refusal to continue to supply to us on reasonable terms or at all, and we cannot find suitable replacement suppliers, it may have a material adverse impact on our future operating results and gross margins.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to detect fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
While we believe our internal control over financial reporting is effective, a controls system cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.
We have encountered risks associated with maintaining large cash balances.
While we have attempted to invest our cash balances in investments generally considered to be relatively safe, we nevertheless confront credit and liquidity risks. Bank failures could result in reduced liquidity or the actual loss of money held in deposit accounts in excess of federally insured amounts, if any.
We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.
Some of our products and services may be subject to sales taxes in states where we have not collected and remitted such taxes from our customers. We have reserves for certain state sales tax contingencies based on the likelihood of obligation. These contingencies are included in “Accrued liabilities” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We believe we have appropriately accrued for these contingencies. In the event that actual results differ from these reserves, we may need to make adjustments, which could materially impact our financial condition and results of operations.
If we acquire new businesses, we may not be able to successfully integrate them or attain the anticipated benefits.
As part of our operating history and growth strategy, we have acquired other businesses. In the future, we may continue to seek acquisitions. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to identify and acquire targeted businesses or obtain financing for such acquisitions on satisfactory terms. The process of integrating acquired businesses into our operations may result in unforeseen difficulties and may require a disproportionate amount of resources and management attention. If integration of our acquired businesses is not successful, we may not realize the potential benefits of an acquisition or suffer other adverse effects.
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Risks Relating to the Industries We Serve
Our business depends to a significant degree on the hospitality industry and a weakening could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Because our customer base is concentrated in the hospitality industry, our business is largely dependent on the health of that industry. Our sales are dependent in large part on the health of the hospitality industry, which in turn is dependent on the domestic and international economy. Instabilities or downturns in the hospitality industry could disproportionately impact our revenue, as clients may exit the industry or delay, cancel or reduce planned expenditures for our products. A general downturn in the hospitality industry could disproportionately impact our revenue, as clients may exit the industry or delay, cancel or reduce planned expenditures for our products.
Higher oil and gas prices worldwide could have a material adverse impact on the hospitality industry, and indirectly, on our business.
Material increases in oil and gas prices tend to reduce discretionary spending by consumers, such as on travel and dining, as well as on retail spending generally. Reductions in discretionary spending by consumers adversely affects our customers and, indirectly, our business. Moreover, increases in oil and gas prices also directly adversely affects our customer base in other ways. For example, oil and gas price increases can result in higher ingredient and food costs for our restaurant customers.
Consolidation in the casino and hospitality industry could adversely affect our business.
Customers that we serve may seek to achieve economies of scale and other synergies by combining with or acquiring other companies. The hospitality industry has experienced recent consolidations, including the hotel and casino sectors of the industry. Although recent consolidations in the hospitality industry have not materially adversely affected our business, there is no assurance that future consolidations will not have such affect. For example, if one of our current customers merges or consolidates with a company that relies on another provider's products or services, it could decide to reduce or cease its purchases of products or services from us, which could have an adverse effect our business.
Risks Relating to Our Stock
Our stock has been volatile and we expect that it will continue to be volatile.
Our stock price has been volatile, and we expect it will continue to be volatile. For example, during the year ended March 31, 2018, the trading price of our common stock ranged from a high close of $12.85 to a low close of $9.13. The market price for our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control. Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock may include:

• | economic news or other events generally affecting the trading markets;

• | our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period or failure of securities analysts to publish reports about us or our business;

• | announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, new offerings or improvements, significant contracts, commercial relationships or capital commitments;

• | our ability to market new and enhanced solutions on a timely basis;

• | any major change in our board or management; general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism.

Additionally, our ownership base has been and may continue to be concentrated in a few shareholders, which could increase the volatility of our common share price over time.
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Our largest shareholder, MAK Capital, currently holds approximately 23% of our common shares, which could impact corporate policy and strategy, and MAK Capital's interests may differ from those of other shareholders.
Pursuant to the approval by shareholders of a control share acquisition proposal, MAK Capital holds approximately 23% of our outstanding common shares. As a significant shareholder whose responses could potentially affect the interests of Agilysys and the other shareholders, our Board may consider MAK Capital's potential response to a particular decision of the Board in considering the range of possible corporate policies and strategies in the future, potentially influencing corporate policy and strategic planning.
MAK entered into a Voting Trust Agreement with Computershare, as trustee, which provides that, for both strategic and other transactions requiring at least two-thirds of the voting power to approve, the trustee will vote a certain percentage of MAK Capital's shares in favor of, against, or abstaining from voting in the same proportion as all other shares voted by shareholders (including MAK Capital's shares not being voted by the trustee). If the Voting Trust Agreement, as amended, that MAK entered into with Computershare were to terminate for any reason, MAK Capital would have a level of control that would highly influence the approval or disapproval of transactions requiring under Ohio law the approval of two-thirds of the outstanding common shares, such as a business combination, or majority share acquisition involving the issuance of common shares entitling the holders to exercise one-sixth or more of the voting power of our common shares, each of which requires approval by two-thirds of the outstanding common shares. MAK Capital might also be able to initiate or substantially assist any such transaction. Even with the limitations on MAK Capital's voting power imposed by the Voting Trust Agreement, as amended, it would be more difficult for the other shareholders to approve such a transaction if MAK Capital opposed it, and MAK Capital's interests may differ from those of other shareholders.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2. Properties.
Our corporate services are located in Alpharetta, Georgia where we lease approximately 34,000 square feet of office space. In addition, we lease approximately 34,000 square feet of office space in Las Vegas, Nevada, 12,000 square feet of office space in Bellevue, Washington, 12,000 square feet of office space in Santa Barbara, California, and 6,000 square feet of warehouse space in Roswell, Georgia. Internationally, we lease approximately 35,000 square feet of office space in Chennai, India and lease several other smaller office locations throughout Europe and Asia. Our major leases contain renewal options for periods of up to 10 years. We believe that our current facilities and office space are sufficient to meet our needs and do not anticipate any difficulty securing additional space as needed.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are involved in legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. It is the opinion of management that the resolution of any current pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
On April 6, 2012, Ameranth, Inc. filed a complaint against us for patent infringement in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. The complaint alleges, among other things, that point-of-sale and property management and other hospitality information technology products, software, components and/or systems sold by us infringe patents owned by Ameranth purporting to cover generation and synchronization of menus, including restaurant menus, event tickets, and other products across fixed, wireless and/or internet platforms as well as synchronization of hospitality information and hospitality software applications across fixed, wireless and internet platforms. The complaint seeks monetary damages, injunctive relief, costs and attorneys’ fees. At this time, we are not able to predict the outcome of this lawsuit, or any possible monetary exposure associated with the lawsuit. However, we dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and are vigorously defending ourselves in this matter.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our common shares, without par value, are traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC under the symbol “AGYS”. The high and low sales prices for the common shares for each quarter during the past two fiscal years are presented in the table below.

2018 | High |  | Low
Fourth quarter | $ | 13.00 |  |  | $ | 10.77 |
Third quarter | $ | 12.98 |  |  | $ | 11.30 |
Second quarter | $ | 12.14 |  |  | $ | 9.80 |
First quarter | $ | 10.30 |  |  | $ | 9.08 |
2017 | High |  | Low
Fourth quarter | $ | 11.07 |  |  | $ | 8.60 |
Third quarter | $ | 11.29 |  |  | $ | 8.17 |
Second quarter | $ | 12.00 |  |  | $ | 9.82 |
First quarter | $ | 12.15 |  |  | $ | 9.13 |

The closing price of the common shares on May 21, 2018, was $12.71 per share. There were 1,597 active shareholders of record.
We did not pay dividends in fiscal 2018 or 2017 and are unlikely to do so in the foreseeable future. The current policy of the Board of Directors is to retain any available earnings for use in the operations of our business.
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Shareholder Return Performance Presentation
The following chart compares the value of $100 invested in our common shares, including reinvestment of dividends, with a similar investment in the Russell 2000 Index (the “Russell 2000”) and with the companies listed in the SIC Code 7373-Computer Integrated Systems Design for the period March 31, 2013 through March 31, 2018. The stock price performance in this graph is not necessarily indicative of the future performance of our common shares.
Comparison of 5 Year Cumulative Total Return

INDEXED RETURNS
|  | Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
| Base Period |  |  |  |  |
Company Name / Index | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018
Agilysys, Inc. | $ | 100.00 |  | $ | 134.81 |  | $ | 98.99 |  | $ | 102.72 |  | $ | 95.07 |  | $ | 119.92 |
Russell 2000 | $ | 100.00 |  | $ | 124.90 |  | $ | 135.15 |  | $ | 121.96 |  | $ | 153.94 |  | $ | 172.09 |
Peer Group | $ | 100.00 |  | $ | 133.75 |  | $ | 158.50 |  | $ | 136.61 |  | $ | 168.19 |  | $ | 222.30 |

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following selected consolidated financial and operating data was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and the current and prior period operating results of our UK entity and RSG have been classified within discontinued operations for all periods presented as discussed in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, and Item 7 contained in Part II of this Annual Report.

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share data) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014
Operating results |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 127,360 |  | $ | 127,678 |  | $ | 120,366 |  | $ | 103,514 |  | $ | 101,261 |
Gross profit | 64,417 |  | 63,785 |  | 68,106 |  | 60,081 |  | 64,040 |
Operating loss | (12,080 | ) | (11,408 | ) | (4,313 | ) | (12,467 | ) | (6,188 | )
Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes | (8,350 | ) | (11,721 | ) | (3,765 | ) | (11,497 | ) | (2,895 | )
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 19,992 |
Net (loss) income | $ | (8,350 | ) | $ | (11,721 | ) | $ | (3,765 | ) | $ | (11,497 | ) | $ | 17,097 |
Per share data (1) |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  |  |  |  |
Loss from continuing operations | $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (0.52 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.51 | ) | $ | (0.13 | )
Income from discontinued operations | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.90 |
Net (loss) income | $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (0.52 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | (0.51 | ) | $ | 0.77 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic and diluted | 22,801 |  | 22,615 |  | 22,483 |  | 22,338 |  | 22,135 |
Balance sheet data at year end |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 39,943 |  | $ | 49,255 |  | $ | 60,608 |  | $ | 75,067 |  | $ | 99,566 |
Working capital | 19,343 |  | 27,183 |  | 41,401 |  | 54,407 |  | 81,711 |
Total assets | 157,207 |  | 167,305 |  | 185,157 |  | 181,525 |  | 190,895 |
Total debt | 177 |  | 237 |  | 333 |  | 189 |  | 335 |
Total shareholders’ equity | 108,431 |  | 113,669 |  | 123,473 |  | 124,188 |  | 132,873 |

(1) When a loss is reported, the denominator of diluted earnings per share cannot be adjusted for the dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards because doing so would be anti-dilutive. In addition, when a loss from continuing operations is reported, adjusting the denominator of diluted earnings per share would also be anti-dilutive to the loss per share, even if the entity has net income after adjusting for a discontinued operation. Therefore, for all periods presented, basic weighted-average shares outstanding were used in calculating the diluted net loss per share.
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Item 7. Managements’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
In “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”), management explains the general financial condition and results of operations for Agilysys and subsidiaries including:
— what factors affect our business;
— what our earnings and costs were;
— why those earnings and costs were different from the year before;
— where the earnings came from;
— how our financial condition was affected; and
— where the cash will come from to fund future operations.
The MD&A analyzes changes in specific line items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and provides information that management believes is important to assessing and understanding our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes that appear in Item 7 of this Annual Report titled, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Information provided in the MD&A may include forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual results to be materially different from those contained in the forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Information” on page 3 of this Annual Report and Item 1A “Risk Factors” in Part I of this Annual Report for additional information concerning these items. Management believes that this information, discussion, and disclosure is important in making decisions about investing in Agilysys.
Overview
Agilysys is a leading technology company that provides innovative software and services for point-of-sale (POS), payment gateway, reservation and table management, property management (PMS), inventory and procurement, business analytics, document management, guest offers management, and mobile and wireless solutions exclusively to the hospitality industry. Our products and services allow operators to streamline operations, improve efficiency and understand customer needs across their properties to deliver a superior overall guest experience. The result is improved guest loyalty, growth in wallet share and increased revenue as they connect and transact with their guests based upon a single integrated view of individual preferences and interactions. We serve four major market sectors: Gaming, both corporate and tribal; Hotels, Resorts and Cruise; Corporate Foodservice Management; and Restaurants, Universities, Stadia and Healthcare. A significant portion of our consolidated revenue is derived from contract support, maintenance and subscription services.
Agilysys operates across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and India with headquarters located in Alpharetta, GA. For more information, visit www.agilysys.com.
The sales of our Retail Solutions Group (RSG) business and United Kingdom business entity (UK entity) each represented a disposal of a component of an entity. As such, the operating results of RSG and the UK entity have been reported as a component of discontinued operations in Item 6. Selected Financial Data, of this Annual Report, for the twelve months ended March 31, 2014.
Our top priority is increasing shareholder value by improving operating and financial performance and profitably growing the business through superior products and services. To that end, we expect to invest a certain portion of our cash on hand to fund enhancements to existing software products, to develop and market new software products, and to expand our customer breadth, both vertically and geographically.
Our strategic plan specifically focuses on:
• Putting the customer first

• | Accelerating our product development

• Improving organizational efficiency and teamwork
• Developing our employees and leaders

• | Growing revenue by improving the breadth and depth of our product set across both our well established products and our newer rGuest platform

• Growing revenue through international expansion
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The primary objective of our ongoing strategic planning process is to create shareholder value by capitalizing on growth opportunities, turning profitable and strengthening our competitive position within the specific technology solutions and end markets we serve. Profitability and industry leading growth will be achieved through tighter management of operating expenses and sharpening the focus of our investments to concentrate on growth opportunities that offer the highest returns.
Revenue - Defined
As required by the SEC, we separately present revenue earned as products revenue, support, maintenance and subscription services revenue or professional services revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition to the SEC requirements, we may, at times, also refer to revenue as defined below. The terminology, definitions, and applications of terms we use to describe our revenue may be different from those used by other companies and caution should be used when comparing these financial measures to those of other companies. We use the following terms to describe revenue:
• Revenue – We present revenue net of sales returns and allowances.

• | Products revenue – Revenue earned from the sales of hardware equipment and proprietary and remarketed software.

• | Support, maintenance and subscription services revenue – Revenue earned from the sale of proprietary and remarketed ongoing support, maintenance and subscription or hosting services.

• | Professional services revenue – Revenue earned from the delivery of implementation, integration and installation services for proprietary and remarketed products.

Results of Operations
Fiscal 2018 Compared with Fiscal 2017
Net Revenue and Operating Loss
The following table presents our consolidated revenue and operating results for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

| Year ended March 31, |  | Increase (decrease)
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ |  | %
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 33,699 |  |  | $ | 38,339 |  |  | $ | (4,640 | ) |  | (12.1 | )%
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 69,068 |  |  | 63,308 |  |  | 5,760 |  |  | 9.1 | %
Professional services | 24,593 |  |  | 26,031 |  |  | (1,438 | ) |  | (5.5 | )%
Total net revenue | 127,360 |  |  | 127,678 |  |  | (318 | ) |  | (0.2 | )%
Cost of goods sold: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products, inclusive of developed technology amortization | 26,381 |  |  | 28,244 |  |  | (1,863 | ) |  | (6.6 | )%
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 16,688 |  |  | 16,965 |  |  | (277 | ) |  | (1.6 | )%
Professional services | 19,874 |  |  | 18,684 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 6.4 | %
Total cost of goods sold | 62,943 |  |  | 63,893 |  |  | (950 | ) |  | (1.5 | )%
Gross profit | 64,417 |  |  | 63,785 |  |  | 632 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Gross profit margin | 50.6 | % |  | 50.0 | % |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product development | 27,936 |  |  | 29,048 |  |  | (1,112 | ) |  | (3.8 | )%
Sales and marketing | 18,075 |  |  | 20,823 |  |  | (2,748 | ) |  | (13.2 | )%
General and administrative | 24,028 |  |  | 19,875 |  |  | 4,153 |  |  | 20.9 | %
Depreciation of fixed assets | 2,631 |  |  | 2,409 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 9.2 | %
Amortization of intangibles | 1,879 |  |  | 1,392 |  |  | 487 |  |  | 35.0 | %
Restructuring, severance and other charges | 1,798 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 15.2 | %
Legal settlements | 150 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 76.5 | %
Operating loss | $ | (12,080 | ) |  | $ | (11,408 | ) |  | $ | (672 | ) |  | 5.9 | %
Operating loss percentage | (9.5 | )% |  | (8.9 | )% |  |  |  |

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The following table presents the percentage relationship of our Consolidated Statement of Operations line items to our consolidated net revenues for the periods presented:

| Year ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Net revenue: |  |  |
Products | 26.5 | % |  | 30.0 | %
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 54.2 |  |  | 49.6 |
Professional services | 19.3 |  |  | 20.4 |
Total net revenue | 100.0 |  |  | 100.0 |
Cost of goods sold: |  |  |
Products, inclusive of developed technology amortization | 20.7 |  |  | 22.1 |
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 13.1 |  |  | 13.3 |
Professional services | 15.6 |  |  | 14.6 |
Total net cost of goods sold | 49.4 |  |  | 50.0 |
Gross profit | 50.6 |  |  | 50.0 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |
Product development | 21.9 |  |  | 22.8 |
Sales and marketing | 14.2 |  |  | 16.3 |
General and administrative | 18.9 |  |  | 15.6 |
Depreciation of fixed assets | 2.1 |  |  | 1.9 |
Amortization of intangibles | 1.5 |  |  | 1.1 |
Restructuring, severance and other charges | 1.4 |  |  | 1.2 |
Legal settlements | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Operating loss | (9.5 | )% |  | (8.9 | )%

Net revenue. Total revenue decreased $0.3 million, or 0.2%, in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. Products revenue decreased $4.6 million, or 12.1%, while support, maintenance and subscription services revenue increased $5.8 million, or 9.1%, as a result of continued focus on selling hosted perpetual and subscription services revenue which increased 35.0% year over year. Hosted perpetual and subscription services revenue comprised 16% of total consolidated revenues in 2018 compared to 12% in 2017. Professional services revenue decreased $1.4 million, or 5.5%, primarily as a result of a decrease in proprietary services of $1.5 million offset by an increase in remarketed services of $0.1 million.
Gross profit and gross profit margin. Our total gross profit increased $0.6 million, or 1.0%, in fiscal 2018 and total gross profit margin increased 0.6% to 50.6%. Products gross profit decreased $2.8 million and gross profit margin decreased 4.6% to 21.7% primarily as a result of lower product revenue coupled with higher amortization of developed technology by $2.0 million, related to the previously announced general availability of the latest version of our rGuest Buy and rGuest Stay software development costs that were placed into service in the first and second quarters of fiscal 2017, and the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Support, maintenance and subscription services gross profit increased $6.0 million and gross profit margin increased 2.6% to 75.8% due to the scalable nature of our infrastructure supporting and hosting customers. Professional services gross profit decreased $2.6 million and gross profit margin decreased 9.0% to 19.2% due to lower professional services revenues on a higher cost structure following a recent alignment toward enabling the Company to provide more customer-centric services going forward.
Operating expenses
Operating expenses, excluding the charges for impairments and other fair value adjustments, legal settlements and restructuring, severance and other charges, increased $1.0 million, or 1.4%, in fiscal 2018 compared with fiscal 2017. As a percent of total revenue, operating expenses have increased 0.9% in fiscal 2018 compared with fiscal 2017.
Product development. Product development includes all expenses associated with research and development. Product development decreased $1.1 million, or 3.8%, during fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017. This decrease is primarily driven by our shift from contract labor to internal resources resulting in a decrease in contract labor of $5.9 million and an increase in payroll related expenses of $4.7 million.
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Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing decreased $2.7 million, or 13.2%, in fiscal 2018 compared with fiscal 2017. The change is due primarily to a decrease of $2.2 million in incentive commissions related to revision of our commission plan from total contract value to annual contract value coupled with lower bookings in fiscal 2018.
General and administrative. General and administrative increased $4.2 million, or 20.9%, in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. The change is due primarily to increases of $2.5 million in stock compensation expense related to executive stock grants and the impact of removing forfeiture rates as a result of adopting ASU No. 2016-09, coupled with forfeitures in the prior year due to the departure of former executives. In addition, there was an increase of $1.6 million in payroll related expenses as a result of additional headcount including new hires throughout our operating locations.
Depreciation of fixed assets. Depreciation of fixed assets increased $0.2 million or 9.2% in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017.
Amortization of intangibles. Amortization of intangibles increased $0.5 million, or 35.0%, in fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017 due to our latest version of rGuest Pay being placed into service on March 31, 2017.
Restructuring, severance and other charges. Restructuring, severance, and other charges increased $0.2 million during fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017 related to our ongoing efforts to create more efficient teams across the business, which included certain executive changes during the year.
Our restructuring actions are discussed further in Note 4, Restructuring Charges.
Impairments and other fair value adjustments. There were no impairments and other fair value adjustments in fiscal 2018 or 2017.
Legal settlements. During fiscal 2018 and 2017, we recorded $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in legal settlements for employment and other business-related matters.
Other (Income) Expenses

| Year ended March 31, |  | (Unfavorable) favorable
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ |  | %
Other (income) expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | (98 | ) |  | $ | (162 | ) |  | $ | (64 | ) |  | (39.5 | )%
Interest expense | 10 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 33.3 | %
Other (income) expense, net | (391 | ) |  | 224 |  |  | 615 |  |  | nm |
Total other (income) expense, net | $ | (479 | ) |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 556 |  |  | nm |

nm - not meaningful
Interest income. Interest income decreased $64,000 during fiscal 2018 as compared to fiscal 2017.
Interest expense. Interest expense consists of costs associated with capital leases and loans on corporate-owned life insurance policies.
Other (income) expense, net. Other (income) expense, net consists mainly of the impact of foreign currency due to movement of European and Asian currencies against the US dollar.
Income Taxes

| Year ended March 31, |  | (Unfavorable) favorable
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ |  | %
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (3,251 | ) |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 3,487 |  |  | nm
Effective tax rate | (28.0 | )% |  | (2.1 | )% |  |  |  |

nm - not meaningful
For fiscal 2018, the effective tax rate was different than the statutory rate due primarily to the impact of the Tax Act reform. The Company recorded a benefit of approximately $3.3 million resulting from the effect of a reduction in the deferred rate and the ability to offset indefinite lived deferred tax liabilities with certain deferred tax assets, recognition of net operating losses as deferred tax
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assets, which were offset by increases in the valuation allowance, certain foreign and state tax effects including a benefit of $0.4 million related to a settlement with the California Franchise Tax Board and other U.S. permanent book to tax differences. At March 31, 2018, we had $198.7 million of a federal net operating loss carryforward that expires, if unused, in fiscal years 2031 to 2038.
For fiscal 2017, the effective tax rate was different than the statutory rate due primarily to the recognition of net operating losses as deferred tax assets, which were offset by increases in the valuation allowance, state taxes and other U.S. permanent book to tax differences.
Although the timing and outcome of tax settlements are uncertain, it is reasonably possible that during the next 12 months a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits may occur in the range of zero to $0.1 million of tax and zero to $0.2 million of interest based on the outcome of tax examinations and as a result of the expiration of various statutes of limitations. We are routinely audited; due to the ongoing nature of current examinations in multiple jurisdictions, other changes could occur in the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits during the next 12 months which cannot be estimated at this time.
Because of our losses in prior periods, we have recorded a valuation allowance offsetting substantially all of our deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets generated prior to Tax Act reform depends on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences are deductible. Because of our losses in prior periods, management believes that it is more-likely-than-not that we will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences.
Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016
Net Revenue and Operating Loss
The following table presents our consolidated revenue and operating results for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

| Year ended March 31, |  | Increase (decrease)
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 38,339 |  |  | $ | 41,445 |  |  | $ | (3,106 | ) |  | (7.5 | )%
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 63,308 |  |  | 60,104 |  |  | 3,204 |  |  | 5.3 | %
Professional services | 26,031 |  |  | 18,817 |  |  | 7,214 |  |  | 38.3 | %
Total net revenue | 127,678 |  |  | 120,366 |  |  | 7,312 |  |  | 6.1 | %
Cost of goods sold: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products, inclusive of developed technology amortization | 28,244 |  |  | 23,326 |  |  | 4,918 |  |  | 21.1 | %
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 16,965 |  |  | 15,394 |  |  | 1,571 |  |  | 10.2 | %
Professional services | 18,684 |  |  | 13,540 |  |  | 5,144 |  |  | 38.0 | %
Total cost of goods sold | 63,893 |  |  | 52,260 |  |  | 11,633 |  |  | 22.3 | %
Gross profit | 63,785 |  |  | 68,106 |  |  | (4,321 | ) |  | (6.3 | )%
Gross profit margin | 50.0 | % |  | 56.6 | % |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product development | 29,048 |  |  | 26,688 |  |  | 2,360 |  |  | 8.8 | %
Sales and marketing | 20,823 |  |  | 19,740 |  |  | 1,083 |  |  | 5.5 | %
General and administrative | 19,875 |  |  | 21,818 |  |  | (1,943 | ) |  | (8.9 | )%
Depreciation of fixed assets | 2,409 |  |  | 2,199 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 9.5 | %
Amortization of intangibles | 1,392 |  |  | 1,243 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 12.0 | %
Restructuring, severance and other charges | 1,561 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 1,278 |  |  | 451.6 | %
Impairments and other fair value adjustments | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | (180 | ) |  | (100.0 | )%
Legal settlements | 85 |  |  | 268 |  |  | (183 | ) |  | (68.3 | )%
Operating loss | $ | (11,408 | ) |  | $ | (4,313 | ) |  | $ | (7,095 | ) |  | 164.5 | %
Operating loss percentage | (8.9 | )% |  | (3.6 | )% |  |  |  |

nm - not meaningful
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The following table presents the percentage relationship of our Consolidated Statement of Operations line items to our consolidated net revenues for the periods presented:

| Year ended March 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Net revenue: |  |  |
Products | 30.0 | % |  | 34.4 | %
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 49.6 |  |  | 50.0 |
Professional services | 20.4 |  |  | 15.6 |
Total net revenue | 100.0 |  |  | 100.0 |
Cost of goods sold: |  |  |
Products, inclusive of developed technology amortization | 22.1 |  |  | 19.4 |
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 13.3 |  |  | 12.8 |
Professional services | 14.6 |  |  | 11.2 |
Total cost of goods sold | 50.0 |  |  | 43.4 |
Gross profit | 50.0 |  |  | 56.6 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |
Product development | 22.8 |  |  | 22.2 |
Sales and marketing | 16.3 |  |  | 16.4 |
General and administrative | 15.6 |  |  | 18.1 |
Depreciation of fixed assets | 1.9 |  |  | 1.8 |
Amortization of intangibles | 1.1 |  |  | 1.0 |
Restructuring, severance and other charges | 1.2 |  |  | 0.1 |
Impairments and other fair value adjustments | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Legal settlements | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Operating loss | (8.9 | )% |  | (3.6 | )%

Net revenue. Total revenue increased $7.3 million, or 6.1%, in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016. Products revenue decreased $3.1 million, or 7.5%, due to approximately a $0.5 million decrease in proprietary software revenue related to the shift in customer preference towards subscription services. Furthermore, a few outsized remarketed hardware and software refresh deals in fiscal 2016 resulted in the remaining decrease. Support, maintenance and subscription services revenue increased $3.2 million, or 5.3%, as a result of continued focus on selling hosted perpetual and subscription services revenue which increased 44.0% year over year, and ongoing support from our proprietary product sales. Hosted perpetual and subscription services revenue comprised 12% of total consolidated revenues in 2017 compared to 9% in 2016. Professional services revenue increased $7.2 million, or 38.3%, as a result of increased volume of customer installation and implementation projects associated with growth in overall proprietary revenue.
Gross profit and gross profit margin. Our total gross profit decreased $4.3 million, or 6.3%, in fiscal 2017 and total gross profit margin decreased 6.6% to 50.0%. Products gross profit decreased $8.0 million and gross profit margin decreased 17.4% to 26.3% primarily as a result of an increase of $8.0 million of developed technology amortization as a result of the rGuest® Stay and Buy development costs being placed into service with the announcement of the property management system and point of sale solution as being generally available during the first and second quarter of fiscal 2017, respectively.
Support, maintenance and subscription services gross profit increased $1.6 million and gross profit margin decreased 1.2% to 73.2% due to a change in the mix of labor resources needed for maintenance of our products and continued investment in our subscription platform. Professional services gross profit increased $2.1 million with the increase in revenue and gross profit margin remained relatively flat increasing 0.1% to 28.2%.
Operating expenses
Operating expenses, excluding the charges for impairments and other fair value adjustments, legal settlements and restructuring, severance and other charges, increased $1.9 million, or 2.6%, in fiscal 2017 compared with fiscal 2016. As a percent of total revenue, operating expenses have declined 2.0% in fiscal 2017 compared with fiscal 2016.
Product development. Product development includes all expenses associated with research and development. Product development increased $2.4 million, or 8.8%, during fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016. This increase is primarily driven by our continued
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investment in resources related to both our rGuest® and iconic product enhancements to expand the customer experience across our install base as well as our future offerings with existing and new customers. In addition, certain research and development costs are capitalized as software development costs upon achieving specific milestones in the development life-cycle. We capitalized approximately $11.9 million and $15.0 million during fiscal 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing increased $1.1 million, or 5.5%, in fiscal 2017 compared with fiscal 2016. The change is due primarily to advertising and promotion which increased $0.9 million related to new lead generation investment in content, search engine marketing, and target prospect databases in order to accelerate the growth in lead acquisition in support of future revenue growth.
General and administrative. General and administrative decreased $1.9 million, or 8.9%, in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016. The change is due primarily to a reduction of $0.7 million in forfeiture credits related to unvested share-based compensation expense for the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) whose departures from the company were announced during the third quarter of fiscal 2017.
Depreciation of fixed assets. Depreciation of fixed assets increased $0.2 million or 9.5% in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016.
Amortization of intangibles. Amortization of intangibles decreased $0.1 million, or 12.0%, in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016.
Restructuring, severance and other charges. Restructuring, severance, and other charges increased $1.3 million during fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016. The increase was the result of the following:

• | CEO separation benefits and related transition costs. During fiscal 2017, the company incurred costs associated with the replacement of the former CEO, including $0.8 million in separation benefits and $0.3 million in search fees in connection with identifying a successor CEO.

• | Restructuring related severance and early contract termination costs. During fiscal 2017, we completed activities associated with the partnership to resell a third party workforce management solution, and recorded $0.2 million in restructuring charges comprised of severance and other employee related benefits and early contract termination costs. We do not anticipate any additional costs associated with this restructuring activity.

Our restructuring actions are discussed further in Note 3, Restructuring Charges.
Impairments and other fair value adjustments. There were no impairments and other fair value adjustments in fiscal 2017. The $0.2 million in fiscal 2016 was related to the following factors:
Fiscal 2016 Activity:

• | Intangible write-off (Developed Technology). During fiscal 2016, in connection with the partnership entered into to resell a third party workforce management solution, we determined that the remaining net book value of the acquired developed technology WMx®™ exceeded its net realizable value resulting in an impairment charge of $0.3 million.

• | Product transition cost fair value adjustment. During fiscal 2016, we recorded a gain of $0.2 million related to the write-off of product transition costs previously accrued for in connection with an impairment of our Guest 360™ property management solution in fiscal 2012. The customer associated with this residual reserve became insolvent during the second quarter of fiscal 2016.

• | Contingent consideration fair value adjustment. During fiscal 2016, we adjusted the fair value of the TimeManagement Corporation (TMC) by $0.1 million to reflect expected settlement and early termination in connection with our strategic transition to enter into a partnership to resell a third party workforce management solution.

Legal settlements. During fiscal 2017 and 2016, we recorded $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in legal settlements for employment and other business-related matters.
Other (Income) Expenses
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| Year ended March 31, |  | (Unfavorable) favorable
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Other (income) expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | (162 | ) |  | $ | (92 | ) |  | $ | 70 |  |  | 76.1 | %
Interest expense | 15 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 48.3 | %
Other (income) expense, net | 224 |  |  | (491 | ) |  | (715 | ) |  | 145.6 | %
Total other (income) expense, net | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (554 | ) |  | $ | (631 | ) |  | 113.9 | %

nm - not meaningful
Interest income. Interest income increased $70,000 during fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016.
Interest expense. Interest expense consists of costs associated with capital leases and loans on corporate-owned life insurance policies.
Other (income) expense, net. Other (income) expense, net consists mainly of the impact of foreign currency due to movement of European and Asian currencies against the US dollar.
Income Taxes

| Year ended March 31, |  | (Unfavorable) favorable
(Dollars in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Income tax benefit | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (230 | ) |  | nm
Effective tax rate | (2.1 | )% |  | 0.2 | % |  |  |  |

nm - not meaningful
For fiscal 2017, the effective tax rate was different than the statutory rate due primarily to the recognition of net operating losses as deferred tax assets, which were offset by increases in the valuation allowance, state taxes and other U.S. permanent book to tax differences. At March 31, 2017, we had $187.6 million of a federal net operating loss carryforward that expires, if unused, in fiscal years 2031 to 2037.
For fiscal 2016, the effective tax rate was different than the statutory rate due primarily to the recognition of net operating losses as deferred tax assets, which were offset by increases in the valuation allowance, death benefits on company owned life insurance, state taxes and other U.S. permanent book to tax differences.
Although the timing and outcome of tax settlements are uncertain, it is reasonably possible that during the next 12 months a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits may occur in the range of zero to $0.1 million of tax and zero to $0.1 million of interest based on the outcome of tax examinations and as a result of the expiration of various statutes of limitations. We are routinely audited; due to the ongoing nature of current examinations in multiple jurisdictions, other changes could occur in the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits during the next 12 months which cannot be estimated at this time.
Because of our losses in prior periods, we have recorded a valuation allowance offsetting substantially all of our deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences are deductible. Because of our losses in prior periods, management believes that it is more-likely-than-not that we will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our operating cash requirements consist primarily of working capital needs, operating expenses, capital expenditures, and payments of principal and interest on indebtedness outstanding, which primarily consists of lease and rental obligations at March 31, 2018. We believe that cash flow from operating activities, cash on hand of $39.9 million as of March 31, 2018, and access to capital markets will provide adequate funds to meet our short-and long-term liquidity requirements.
As of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, our total debt was approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, comprised of capital lease obligations in both periods.
At March 31, 2018, 100% of our cash and cash equivalents, of which 93% is located in the United States, were deposited in bank accounts or invested in highly liquid investments with original maturity from date of acquisition of three months or less, including investments in commercial paper. Therefore, we believe that credit risk is limited with respect to our cash and cash equivalents balances.
Cash Flow

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 6,874 |  |  | $ | 3,433 |  |  | $ | 7,218 |
Investing activities | (15,085 | ) |  | (13,865 | ) |  | (21,013 | )
Financing activities | (1,295 | ) |  | (847 | ) |  | (577 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 194 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (87 | )
Cash flows (used in) provided by continuing operations | $ | (9,312 | ) |  | $ | (11,353 | ) |  | $ | (14,459 | )

Cash flow provided by operating activities. Cash flows provided by operating activities were $6.9 million in fiscal 2018. The provision of cash was due primarily to our operating loss of $12.1 million adjusted for $19.2 million in non-cash expense including depreciation, amortization, and share based compensation.
Cash flows provided by operating activities were $3.4 million in fiscal 2017. The provision of cash included $6.4 million in increased collections on accounts receivable.
Cash flows provided by operating activities were $7.2 million in fiscal 2016. The provision of cash was attributable to $3.2 million in net working capital movements associated mainly with $3.2 million in increased collections on accounts receivable. Working capital movements were positively impacted by $4.1 million related to our operating loss adjusted for depreciation, amortization, share based compensation, asset write-offs and fair value adjustments, loss on disposal of property & equipment, and change in cash surrender value of company owned life insurance.
Cash flow used in investing activities. Cash flows used in investing activities in fiscal 2018 were $15.1 million. This is primarily attributed to $8.9 million in development of proprietary software and $6.1 million for purchase of property and equipment, including internal use software.
Cash flows used in investing activities in fiscal 2017 were $13.9 million. This is primarily attributed to $11.9 million in development of proprietary software and $4.2 million for purchase of property and equipment, including internal use software.
Cash flows used in investing activities in fiscal 2016 were $21.0 million. This is primarily attributed to $16.1 million in development of proprietary software and $4.8 million for purchase of property and equipment, including internal use software.
Cash flow used in financing activities from continuing operations. Respectively, in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, the $1.3 million, $0.8 million, and $0.6 million cash flows used in financing activities were primarily comprised of the repurchase of shares to satisfy employee tax withholding and to cover the exercise price of the options, and payments on capital lease obligations.
Investments
30

Investments in Corporate-Owned Life Insurance Policies
Agilysys invests in corporate-owned life insurance policies for certain former executives, for which some are endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements. We entered into non-cancelable agreements with each of the former executives, whereby we must maintain the life insurance policy for a specified amount and split a portion of the policy benefits with their designated beneficiary. Our investment in these corporate-owned life insurance policies were recorded at their cash surrender value, which approximates fair value at the balance sheet date. In the consolidated balance sheets at the balance sheet date, the cash surrender value of $0.9 million for the remaining policies were held in “Other non-current assets,” and the present value of future proceeds owed to those executives' designated beneficiary of $0.1 million, which approximates fair value, were recorded within "Other non-current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the balance sheet date.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.
Contractual Obligations
The following table provides aggregate information regarding our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2018.

(In thousands) | Total | 2019 | 2020-2021 | 2022-2023 | Thereafter
Operating leases (1) | $ | 14,869 |  | $ | 3,751 |  | $ | 6,843 |  | $ | 3,558 |  | $ | 717 |
Capital leases | 193 |  | 129 |  | 64 |  | — |  | — |
Asset retirement obligation | 400 |  | — |  | 150 |  | 250 |  |  |
Total contractual obligations (2) | $ | 15,462 |  | $ | 3,880 |  | $ | 7,057 |  | $ | 3,808 |  | $ | 717 |

(1) | Operating lease obligations are presented net of contractually binding sub-lease arrangements. Additional information regarding our operating lease obligations is contained in Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies.
(2) | At March 31, 2018, we had a $1.5 million liability reserve for unrecognized income tax positions which is not reflected in the table above. The timing of potential cash outflows related to the unrecognized tax positions is not reasonably determinable and therefore, is not scheduled. Substantially all of this reserve is included in Other non-current liabilities. Additional information regarding unrecognized tax positions is provided in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements titled, Income Taxes.

We believe that cash on hand, funds from continuing operations, and access to capital markets will provide adequate funds to finance capital spending and working capital needs and to service our obligations and other commitments arising during the foreseeable future.
Critical Accounting Policies
MD&A is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We regularly evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventories, investments, intangible assets, income taxes, restructuring, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.
Our most significant accounting policies relate to the sale, purchase, and promotion of our products and services. The policies discussed below are considered by management to be critical to an understanding of our Consolidated Financial Statements because their application places the most significant demands on management's judgment, with financial reporting results relying on estimation about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies are described in the following paragraphs.
For all of these policies, management cautions that future events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment.
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Revenue recognition. We derive revenue from the sale of products (i.e., point of sale hardware, software, server, storage), support, maintenance and subscription services and professional services. Revenue is recorded in the period in which the goods are delivered or services are rendered and when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the sales price to the customer is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. We reduce revenue for estimated discounts, sales incentives, estimated customer returns, and other allowances. Discounts are offered based on the volume of products and services purchased by customers. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are recognized as revenue and the related costs are recognized in cost of goods sold. Revenue is recorded net of any applicable taxes collected and remitted to governmental agencies.
We frequently enter into multiple-element arrangements with customers including hardware, software, professional consulting services and maintenance support services. For arrangements involving multiple deliverables, when deliverables include software and non-software products and services, we evaluate and separate each deliverable to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting based on the following criteria: (a) the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis; and (b) if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered items is considered probable and substantially in our control.
Consideration is allocated to each unit of accounting based on the unit's relative selling prices. In such circumstances, we use a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to each deliverable: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (VSOE), and (ii) best estimate of selling price (BESP). VSOE generally exists only when we sell the deliverable separately and is the price actually charged by us for that deliverable. VSOE is established for our software maintenance services and we use BESP to establish selling prices for our non-software related services. BESP is primarily used for elements that are not consistently priced within a narrow range. We determine BESP for a deliverable by considering multiple factors including product class, geography, average discount, and management's historical pricing practices. Amounts allocated to the delivered hardware and software elements are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the undelivered maintenance and other services elements are recognized as the services are provided or on a straight-line basis over the service period. In certain instances, customer acceptance is required prior to the passage of title and risk of loss of the delivered products. In such cases, revenue is not recognized until the customer acceptance is obtained. Delivery and acceptance generally occur in the same reporting period.
In situations where our solutions contain software that is more than incidental, revenue related to the software and software-related elements is recognized in accordance with authoritative guidance on software revenue recognition. For the software and software-related elements of such transactions, revenue is allocated based on the relative fair value of each element, and fair value is determined by VSOE. If we cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered element included in such multiple-element arrangements, we defer revenue until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, or until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established, but fair value exists for the undelivered elements, we use the residual method to recognize revenue. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue.
Revenue recognition for complex contractual arrangements, especially those with multiple elements, requires a significant level of judgment and is based upon a review of specific contracts, past experience, the selling price of undelivered elements when sold separately, creditworthiness of customers, international laws and other factors. Changes in judgments about these factors could impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized between periods.
Revenue for hardware sales is recognized when the product is shipped to the customer and when obligations that affect the customer's final acceptance of the arrangement have been fulfilled. A majority of our hardware sales involves shipment directly from its suppliers to the end-user customers. In these transactions, we are the primary obligor as we are responsible for negotiating price both with the supplier and the customer, payment to the supplier, establishing payment terms and product returns with the customer, and we bear the credit risk if the customer does not pay for the goods. As the principal contact with the customer, we recognize revenue and cost of goods sold when we are notified by the supplier that the product has been shipped. In certain limited instances, as shipping terms dictate, revenue is recognized upon receipt at the point of destination or upon installation at the customer site.
We offer proprietary software as well as remarketed software for sale to our customers. We offer our customers the right to license the software under a variety of models. Our customers can license our software under a perpetual model for an upfront fee or a subscription model. For subscription arrangements, we allow customers the right to use software, receive unspecified products as well as unspecified upgrades and enhancements and entitle the customer to receive hosting services for a specified term. The subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement, typically three to five years. Revenue from subscription service arrangements is included in Support, maintenance and subscription services in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. A majority of our software sales do not require significant production, modification, or customization at the time of shipment (physically
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or electronically) to the customer. Substantially all of our software license arrangements do not include acceptance provisions. As such, revenue from both proprietary and remarketed software sales is typically recognized when the software has been shipped. For software delivered electronically, delivery is considered to have occurred when the customer either takes possession of the software via downloading or has been provided with the requisite codes that allow for immediate access to the software based on the U.S. Eastern time zone time stamp.
We also offer proprietary and third-party services to our customers. Proprietary services generally include: consulting, installation, integration and training. Many of our software arrangements include consulting services sold separately under consulting engagement contracts. When the arrangements qualify as service transactions, consulting revenue from these arrangements are accounted for separately from the software revenue. The significant factors considered in determining whether the revenue should be accounted for separately include the nature of the services (i.e., consideration of whether the services are essential to the functionality of the software), degree of risk, availability of services from other vendors, timing of payments, and the impact of milestones or other customer acceptance criteria on revenue realization. If there is significant uncertainty about the project completion or receipt of payment for consulting services, the revenue is deferred until the uncertainty is resolved.
For certain long-term proprietary service contracts with fixed or “not to exceed” fee arrangements, we estimate proportional performance using the hours incurred as a percentage of total estimated hours to complete the project consistent with the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Accordingly, revenue for these contracts is recognized based on the proportion of the work performed on the contract. If there is no sufficient basis to measure progress toward completion, the revenue is recognized when final customer acceptance is received. Adjustments to contract price and estimated service hours are made periodically, and losses expected to be incurred on contracts in progress are charged to operations in the period such losses are determined. The aggregate of collections on uncompleted contracts in excess of related revenue is shown as a current liability.
If an arrangement does not qualify for separate accounting of the software and consulting services, then the software revenue is recognized together with the consulting services using the percentage-of-completion or completed contract method of accounting. Contract accounting is applied to arrangements that include: milestones or customer-specific acceptance criteria that may affect the collection of revenue, significant modification or customization of the software, or provisions that tie the payment for the software to the performance of consulting services.
We also offer proprietary and third-party support to our customers. Support generally includes: support and maintenance of software and hardware products and subscription services. Revenue relating to proprietary support services is recognized evenly over the coverage period of the underlying agreement within support, maintenance and subscription revenue. In instances where we offer third-party support contracts to our customer, and the supplier is determined to be the primary obligor in the transaction, we report revenue at the time of the sale, only in the amount of the “commission” (equal to the selling price less the cost of sale) received rather than reporting revenue in the full amount of the selling price with separate reporting of the cost of sale.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability or unwillingness of our customers to make required payments. These allowances are based on both recent trends of certain customers estimated to be a greater credit risk, as well as historic trends of the entire customer pool. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. To mitigate this credit risk we perform periodic credit evaluations of our customers.
Inventories. Our inventories are comprised of finished goods. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, net of related reserves. The cost of inventory is computed using a weighted-average method. Our inventory is monitored to ensure appropriate valuation. Adjustments of inventories to the lower of cost or market, if necessary, are based upon contractual provisions such as turnover and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If assumptions about future demand change and/or actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments to inventory valuations may be required. We provide a reserve for obsolescence, which is calculated based on several factors including an analysis of historical sales of products and the age of the inventory. Actual amounts could be different from those estimated.
Income Taxes. Income tax expense includes U.S. and foreign income taxes and is based on reported income before income taxes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are anticipated to be settled or realized.
We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and establish a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The determination as to whether a deferred tax asset will be realized is made on a jurisdictional basis and is based on the evaluation of positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversal of existing temporary differences and the implementation of tax planning strategies.
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We recorded a valuation allowance of $54.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and $80.0 million as of March 31, 2017, related to substantially all of our deferred income tax assets in jurisdictions where there is uncertainty as to the ultimate realization of a benefit from those assets. In the event that we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to the tax valuation allowance would decrease tax expense in the period such determination was made.
We recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from uncertain tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. No tax benefits are recognized for positions that do not meet this threshold. Interest related to uncertain tax positions is recognized as part of the provision for income taxes and is accrued beginning in the period that such interest would be applicable under relevant tax law until such time that the related tax benefits are recognized. Our income taxes are described further in Note 9 to Consolidated Financial Statements titled, Income Taxes.
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of acquired companies. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or in interim periods if indicators of potential impairment exist. The Company is also required to compare the fair values of other indefinite-lived intangible assets to their carrying amounts at least annually, or when current events and circumstances require an interim assessment. If the carrying amount of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, certain restructuring activities incurred to better align product development, sales and marketing and general and administrative functions impacted the expected remaining useful life of the products under the Eatec® trade name. The trade name was determined to have a finite life and subsequently written down to its fair value to be amortized over five years. The remaining indefinite-lived intangible asset is not amortized; rather, it is tested for impairment at least annually by comparing the carrying amount of the asset with the fair value. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount is greater than fair value. Additional information regarding our intangible assets is provided in Note 5, Intangible Assets and Software Development Costs.
Restructuring Charges. We recognize restructuring charges when a plan that materially changes the scope of our business, or the manner in which that business is conducted, is adopted and communicated to the impacted parties, and the expenses have been incurred or are reasonably estimable. Our restructuring reserves principally include estimates related to employee separation costs and the consolidation and impairment of facilities that will no longer be used in continuing operations. Actual amounts could be different from those estimated. Facility reserves are calculated using a present value of future minimum lease payments, offset by an estimate for future sublease income provided by external brokers. Present value is calculated using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate with a maturity equivalent to the lease term. Our restructuring charges are described further in Note 3 to Consolidated Financial Statements titled, Restructuring Charges.
Share-Based Compensation. We have a stock incentive plan under which we may grant non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights, time-vested restricted shares, restricted share units, performance-vested restricted shares, and performance shares. Shares issued pursuant to awards under this plan may be made out of treasury or authorized but unissued shares.
We record compensation expense related to stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, and performance shares granted to certain employees and non-employee directors based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. The fair value of restricted share and performance share awards is based on the closing price of our common shares on the grant date. The fair value of stock option and stock-settled appreciation right awards is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, which includes assumptions regarding the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, life of the award, and the volatility of our common shares. Additional information regarding the assumptions used to value share-based compensation awards is provided in Note 13 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements titled, Share-Based Compensation.
Capitalized Software Development Costs. The capitalization of software development cost for external use begins when a product’s technological feasibility has been established. Capitalization ends when the resulting product is available for general market release. Amortization of the capitalized software is classified within products cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For each capitalized software product, the annual amortization is equal to the greater of: (i) the amount computed using the ratio that the software product’s current fiscal year gross revenue bears to the total current fiscal year and anticipated future gross revenues for that product or (ii) the amount computed based on straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, which is a range between three and eight years. The amount by which unamortized software costs exceeds the net realizable value, if any, is recognized as a charge to income in the period it is determined. We capitalized approximately $8.2 million, $11.9 million and
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$13.3 million during fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization of developed capitalized software was $10.0 million, $8.0 million and $0.9 million during fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). ASU 2018-02 addresses the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate on items within accumulated other comprehensive income or loss due to the enactment of the Tax Act on December 22, 2017. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and for interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, and ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles- Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU No. 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. ASU No. 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test and requires a goodwill impairment to be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of its goodwill. The ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. While we are still assessing the impact of this standard, we do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method, with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial adoption. We do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides guidance with the intent of reducing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. We are currently reviewing this standard to assess the impact on our future consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). This new standard changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. Entities will be required to use a model that will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses for trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans, and other instruments. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than as reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and for interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently reviewing this standard to assess the impact on our future consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), which amends the accounting for stock-based compensation. The guidance requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be recognized as a component of income tax expense rather than of stockholders’ equity and also allows an entity to make an accounting policy election to either estimate expected forfeitures or to account for them as they occur. ASU No. 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted the ASU in the quarter ended June 30, 2017, which is the first quarter for our annual period beginning April 1, 2017. The following summarizes the effects of the adoption on the Company's consolidated financial statements:
Income taxes - In the first quarter of 2018, we did not recognize the discrete benefit related to $4.4 million of tax deductions in excess of recorded windfall tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation due to the Company’s full valuation allowance on its U.S. federal net operating losses.
Forfeitures - Prior to adoption, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense net of estimated forfeitures based on a rate management updated at least annually to reflect expected forfeitures over the vesting period. Upon adoption, the Company will no longer apply a forfeiture rate and instead will account for forfeitures as they occur. The Company applied the modified retrospective adoption approach and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately $0.7 million to opening retained earnings. Prior periods have not been adjusted.
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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will require lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP, which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, the new guidance will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The new guidance is effective for all periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and we are currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 will have, but anticipate that the new guidance will materially impact our consolidated financial statements given the significance of our leases.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Accounting Standards Codification. Additionally, this update supersedes some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition-Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. As originally issued, this guidance was effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption was not permitted. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date by one year, to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption was permitted, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016. The standard allows entities to apply the standard retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (“full retrospective adoption”) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application (“modified retrospective adoption”). We adopted ASU No. 2014-09 under the modified retrospective option effective April 1, 2018.
We have completed several key accounting assessments related to the standard and are in the process of finalizing our remaining assessments and quantifying the required cumulative effect adjustments upon adoption. We continue to evaluate and implement changes to related processes, systems, and internal controls. Our evaluation has included determining whether the unit of account (performance obligations) will change as compared to current GAAP, as well as determining the standalone selling price of each of our performance obligations. We believe our performance obligations will remain substantially unchanged from current guidance.
We currently allocate revenue to our software licenses under the residual method when VSOE exists for the remaining undelivered elements. The residual method allocates any future credits or significant discounts entirely to the software license. The adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 will result in future credits, significant discounts, and material rights under this guidance to be allocated to all performance obligations based upon their relative standalone selling prices. Under the new standard, additional software license revenue from the reallocation of such arrangement considerations will be recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which is generally upon delivery of the license. We have not been required to defer a significant amount of revenue due to insufficient VSOE and do not anticipate the updated standard’s requirement to establish or estimate a standalone selling price, rather than defer revenues in the absence of VSOE, will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. We do not expect the new standard to materially impact the amount or timing of the majority of revenue recognized in our consolidated financial statements.
Upon adoption of the new standard, we expect to begin deferring commissions earned by our internal sales force and subsequently amortizing these deferred commissions over the expected benefit period, which may be the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected, and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. We are still in the process of quantifying the impact of the new standard on these costs related to our customer contracts.
For sales transactions that have been billed, but for which the recognition of revenue has been deferred and the related account receivable has not been collected, we currently do not recognize deferred revenue or the related accounts receivable on our consolidated balance sheet. Under the new standard, we will record accounts receivable and related contract liabilities for noncancelable contracts with customers when the right to consideration is unconditional, which will result in increases in accounts receivable and contract liabilities (currently presented as deferred revenue) on our consolidated balance sheet, compared to our current presentation. As of March 31, 2018, our accounts receivable and deferred revenue were offset by approximately $10.2 million for unpaid amounts. The right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time will be reclassified from accounts receivable to contract assets under the new standard.
Management continually evaluates the potential impact, if any, of all recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures and, if significant, makes the appropriate disclosures required by such new accounting pronouncements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
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We have assets, liabilities, and cash flows in foreign currencies creating foreign exchange risk. We sell products and services internationally and enter into transactions denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we are subject to the variability that arises from exchange rate movements. For the fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, revenue from international operations was 8%, 6% and 4%, respectively of total revenue. The effects of foreign currency on operating results did not have a material impact on our results of operations for the 2018, 2017 and 2016 fiscal years. At March 31, 2018, a hypothetical 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar would not materially affect our financial statements.
We believe inflation has had a nominal effect on our results of operations in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016 and do not expect inflation to be a significant factor in fiscal 2019.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Agilysys, Inc. and Subsidiaries
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
Year Ended March 31, 2018
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| Page
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Grant Thornton LLP | 39
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 | 41
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | 42
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | 43
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 44
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | 45
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 46
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 | 67

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Agilysys, Inc.
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Agilysys, Inc. (an Ohio corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2018, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated May 25, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
We have served as the company's auditor since the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016.
Atlanta, GA
May 25, 2018
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Agilysys, Inc.
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Agilysys, Inc. (an Ohio corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended March 31, 2018, and our report dated May 25, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Atlanta, GA
May 25, 2018
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AGILYSYS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| As of March 31,
(In thousands, except share data) | 2018 |  | 2017
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 39,943 |  |  | $ | 49,255 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $900 and $509, respectively | 16,389 |  |  | 15,598 |
Inventories | 1,999 |  |  | 2,211 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,593 |  |  | 6,456 |
Total current assets | 63,924 |  |  | 73,520 |
Property and equipment, net | 17,512 |  |  | 16,000 |
Goodwill | 19,622 |  |  | 19,622 |
Intangible assets, net | 8,484 |  |  | 8,530 |
Software development costs, net | 45,181 |  |  | 46,999 |
Other non-current assets | 2,484 |  |  | 2,634 |
Total assets | $ | 157,207 |  |  | $ | 167,305 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 8,400 |  |  | $ | 8,702 |
Deferred revenue | 26,820 |  |  | 29,183 |
Accrued liabilities | 9,241 |  |  | 8,331 |
Capital lease obligations, current | 120 |  |  | 121 |
Total current liabilities | 44,581 |  |  | 46,337 |
Deferred income taxes, non-current | 227 |  |  | 3,181 |
Capital lease obligations, non-current | 57 |  |  | 116 |
Other non-current liabilities | 3,911 |  |  | 4,002 |
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 11) |  |  |
Shareholders' equity: |  |  |
Common shares, without par value, at $0.30 stated value; 80,000,000 shares authorized; 31,606,831 shares issued; and 23,324,679 and 23,210,682 shares outstanding at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively | 9,482 |  |  | 9,482 |
Treasury shares, 8,282,152 and 8,396,149 at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively | (2,486 | ) |  | (2,519 | )
Capital in excess of stated value | (1,911 | ) |  | (5,782 | )
Retained earnings | 103,601 |  |  | 112,692 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (255 | ) |  | (204 | )
Total shareholders' equity | 108,431 |  |  | 113,669 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 157,207 |  |  | $ | 167,305 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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AGILYSYS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share data) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 33,699 |  |  | $ | 38,339 |  |  | $ | 41,445 |
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 69,068 |  |  | 63,308 |  |  | 60,104 |
Professional services | 24,593 |  |  | 26,031 |  |  | 18,817 |
Total net revenue | 127,360 |  |  | 127,678 |  |  | 120,366 |
Cost of goods sold: |  |  |  |  |
Products, inclusive of developed technology amortization | 26,381 |  |  | 28,244 |  |  | 23,326 |
Support, maintenance and subscription services | 16,688 |  |  | 16,965 |  |  | 15,394 |
Professional services | 19,874 |  |  | 18,684 |  |  | 13,540 |
Total cost of goods sold | 62,943 |  |  | 63,893 |  |  | 52,260 |
Gross profit | 64,417 |  |  | 63,785 |  |  | 68,106 |
Gross profit margin | 50.6 | % |  | 50.0 | % |  | 56.6 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Product development | 27,936 |  |  | 29,048 |  |  | 26,688 |
Sales and marketing | 18,075 |  |  | 20,823 |  |  | 19,740 |
General and administrative | 24,028 |  |  | 19,875 |  |  | 21,818 |
Depreciation of fixed assets | 2,631 |  |  | 2,409 |  |  | 2,199 |
Amortization of intangibles | 1,879 |  |  | 1,392 |  |  | 1,243 |
Restructuring, severance and other charges | 1,798 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 283 |
Impairments and other fair value adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180 |
Legal settlements | 150 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 268 |
Total operating expense | 76,497 |  |  | 75,193 |  |  | 72,419 |
Operating loss | (12,080 | ) |  | (11,408 | ) |  | (4,313 | )
Other (income) expense: |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | (98 | ) |  | (162 | ) |  | (92 | )
Interest expense | 10 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 29 |
Other (income) expense, net | (391 | ) |  | 224 |  |  | (491 | )
Loss before taxes | (11,601 | ) |  | (11,485 | ) |  | (3,759 | )
Income tax (benefit) expense | (3,251 | ) |  | 236 |  |  | 6 |
Net loss | $ | (8,350 | ) |  | $ | (11,721 | ) |  | $ | (3,765 | )
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted | 22,801 |  |  | 22,615 |  |  | 22,483 |
Net loss per share-basic and diluted | $ | (0.37 | ) |  | $ | (0.52 | ) |  | $ | (0.17 | )

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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AGILYSYS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net loss |  | $ | (8,350 | ) |  | $ | (11,721 | ) |  | $ | (3,765 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (51 | ) |  | (27 | ) |  | (26 | )
Total comprehensive loss |  | $ | (8,401 | ) |  | $ | (11,748 | ) |  | $ | (3,791 | )

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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AGILYSYS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands) | Year ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (8,350 | ) |  | $ | (11,721 | ) |  | $ | (3,765 | )
Adjustments to reconcile loss from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net restructuring, severance and other charges | 227 |  |  | (224 | ) |  | (333 | )
Net legal settlements | — |  |  | (100 | ) |  | 185 |
Impairments and other fair value adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |
Loss on disposal of property & equipment | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | 381 |
Depreciation | 2,631 |  |  | 2,409 |  |  | 2,199 |
Amortization | 1,879 |  |  | 1,392 |  |  | 1,243 |
Amortization of developed technology | 10,016 |  |  | 8,012 |  |  | 1,022 |
Share-based compensation | 4,688 |  |  | 2,427 |  |  | 3,405 |
Contingent consideration adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |
Deferred income taxes | (3,085 | ) |  | 142 |  |  | 23 |
Change in cash surrender value of company owned life insurance policies | (17 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (564 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (719 | ) |  | 6,372 |  |  | 3,237 |
Inventories | 229 |  |  | 476 |  |  | (2,051 | )
Prepaid expense | 1,485 |  |  | 1,946 |  |  | (4,532 | )
Accounts payable | 130 |  |  | 554 |  |  | (7,896 | )
Deferred revenue | (2,448 | ) |  | (4,034 | ) |  | 9,364 |
Accrued liabilities | 653 |  |  | (4,250 | ) |  | 5,330 |
Income taxes receivable | (19 | ) |  | 45 |  |  | 16 |
Other changes, net | (426 | ) |  | (65 | ) |  | (226 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 6,874 |  |  | 3,433 |  |  | 7,218 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (6,140 | ) |  | (4,158 | ) |  | (5,900 | )
Capitalized software development costs | (8,918 | ) |  | (11,888 | ) |  | (15,048 | )
Additional (investments in) proceeds from corporate-owned life insurance policies | (27 | ) |  | 2,181 |  |  | (65 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (15,085 | ) |  | (13,865 | ) |  | (21,013 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Payments to settle contingent consideration arising from business acquisitions | — |  |  | (197 | ) |  | — |
Principal payments under long-term obligations | (124 | ) |  | (117 | ) |  | (142 | )
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy employee tax withholding | (1,171 | ) |  | (533 | ) |  | (435 | )
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations | (1,295 | ) |  | (847 | ) |  | (577 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 194 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (87 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (9,312 | ) |  | (11,353 | ) |  | (14,459 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 49,255 |  |  | 60,608 |  |  | 75,067 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 39,943 |  |  | $ | 49,255 |  |  | $ | 60,608 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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AGILYSYS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

|  |  |  |  | Capital in |  | Accumulated |
| Common Shares | excess of |  | other |
| Issued | In Treasury | stated | Retained | comprehensive |
(In thousands, except share data) | Shares | Stated value | Shares | Stated value | value | earnings | loss | Total
Balance at March 31, 2015 | 31,607 |  | $ | 9,482 |  | (8,817 | ) | $ | (2,646 | ) | $ | (10,675 | ) | $ | 128,178 |  | $ | (151 | ) | $ | 124,188 |
Non-cash share based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,405 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,405 |
Restricted shares issued | — |  | — |  | 181 |  | 54 |  | (54 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options and SSARs | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | (1 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes upon exercise of stock options, SSARs or vesting of restricted shares | — |  | — |  | (30 | ) | (9 | ) | (320 | ) | — |  | — |  | (329 | )
Net loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3,765 | ) | — |  | (3,765 | )
Unrealized translation adjustment | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (26 | ) | (26 | )
Balance at March 31, 2016 | 31,607 |  | $ | 9,482 |  | (8,664 | ) | $ | (2,600 | ) | $ | (7,645 | ) | $ | 124,413 |  | $ | (177 | ) | $ | 123,473 |
Non-cash share based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,427 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,427 |
Restricted shares issued, net | — |  | — |  | 277 |  | 83 |  | (83 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options and SSARs | — |  | — |  | 33 |  | 10 |  | (10 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes upon exercise of stock options, SSARs or vesting of restricted shares | — |  | — |  | (43 | ) | (12 | ) | (471 | ) | — |  | — |  | (483 | )
Net loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (11,721 | ) | — |  | (11,721 | )
Unrealized translation adjustment | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (27 | ) | (27 | )
Balance at March 31, 2017 | 31,607 |  | $ | 9,482 |  | (8,397 | ) | $ | (2,519 | ) | $ | (5,782 | ) | $ | 112,692 |  | $ | (204 | ) | $ | 113,669 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting policy | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 741 |  | (741 | ) | — |  | — |
Non-cash share based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,463 |  | — |  | — |  | 4,463 |
Restricted shares issued, net | — |  | — |  | 213 |  | 64 |  | (64 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options and SSARs | — |  | — |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | (2 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes upon exercise of stock options, SSARs or vesting of restricted shares | — |  | — |  | (107 | ) | (33 | ) | (1,267 | ) | — |  | — |  | (1,300 | )
Net loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (8,350 | ) | — |  | (8,350 | )
Unrealized translation adjustments | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (51 | ) | (51 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 | 31,607 |  | $ | 9,482 |  | (8,283 | ) | $ | (2,486 | ) | $ | (1,911 | ) | $ | 103,601 |  | $ | (255 | ) | $ | 108,431 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Agilysys, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Table amounts in thousands, except per share data)
1. Nature of Operations
Agilysys is a leading technology company that provides innovative software and services for point-of-sale (POS), payment gateway, reservation and table management, property management (PMS), inventory and procurement, business analytics, document management, guest offers management, and mobile and wireless solutions exclusively to the hospitality industry. Our products and services allow operators to streamline operations, improve efficiency and understand customer needs across their properties to deliver a superior overall guest experience. The result is improved guest loyalty, growth in wallet share and increased revenue as they connect and transact with their guests based upon a single integrated view of individual preferences and interactions. We serve four major market sectors: Gaming, both corporate and tribal; Hotels, Resorts and Cruise; Corporate Foodservice Management; and Restaurants, Universities, Stadia and Healthcare. A significant portion of our consolidated revenue is derived from contract support, maintenance and subscription services.
Agilysys operates across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and India with headquarters located in Alpharetta, GA. For more information, visit www.agilysys.com.
Reference herein to any particular year or quarter refers to periods within the fiscal year ended March 31. For example, fiscal 2018 refers to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Agilysys, Inc. and subsidiaries. Investments in affiliated companies are accounted for by the equity or cost method, as appropriate. All inter-company accounts have been eliminated.
Use of estimates. Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents. We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity from date of acquisition of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Other highly liquid investments considered cash equivalents with no established maturity date are fully redeemable on demand (without penalty) with settlement of principal and accrued interest on the following business day after instruction to redeem. Such investments are readily convertible to cash with no penalty and can include certificates of deposit, commercial paper, treasury bills, money market funds and other investments.
Allowance for doubtful accounts. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability or unwillingness of our customers to make required payments. These allowances are based on both recent trends of certain customers estimated to be a greater credit risk as well as historic trends of the entire customer pool. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. To mitigate this credit risk we perform periodic credit evaluations of our customers.
Inventories. Our inventories are comprised of finished goods. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, net of related reserves. The cost of inventory is computed using a weighted-average method. Our inventory is monitored to ensure appropriate valuation. Adjustments of inventories to the lower of cost or market, if necessary, are based upon contractual provisions such as turnover and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If assumptions about future demand change and/or actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional adjustments to inventory valuations may be required. We provide a reserve for obsolescence, which is calculated based on several factors, including an analysis of historical sales of products and the age of the inventory. Actual amounts could be different from those estimated.
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of acquired companies. The carrying amount of goodwill was $19.6 million as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or in interim periods if indicators of potential impairment exist. The Company evaluates whether goodwill is impaired by comparing its market capitalization based on its closing stock price (Level 1 input) to the book value
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of its equity on the annual evaluation date. Based on testing performed, the Company concluded that no impairment of its goodwill has occurred for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
The Company is also required to compare the fair values of other indefinite-lived intangible assets to their carrying amounts at least annually, or when current events and circumstances require an interim assessment. If the carrying amount of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.
Intangible assets. Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are primarily amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets. Our finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over periods between two and eight years. Customer relationships are amortized over estimated useful lives between two and seven years; non-competition agreements are amortized over estimated useful lives between two and eight years; developed technology is amortized over estimated useful lives between three and eight years; supplier relationships are amortized over estimated useful lives between two and eight years.
Long-lived assets. Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized. Minor replacements, maintenance, repairs, and reengineering costs are expensed as incurred. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized.
Depreciation and amortization are provided in amounts sufficient to amortize the cost of the assets, including assets recorded under capital leases, which make up less than one percent of total assets, over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives for depreciation and amortization are as follows: buildings and building improvements - 7 to 30 years; furniture - 7 to 10 years; equipment - 3 to 10 years; software - 3 to 10 years; and leasehold improvements over the shorter of the economic life or the lease term. Internal use software costs are expensed or capitalized depending on the project stage. Amounts capitalized are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the software, ranging from 3 to 10 years, beginning with the project's completion. Capitalized project expenditures are not depreciated until the underlying project is completed.
We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets whenever changes in circumstances or events may indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized in the event the carrying value of the assets exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets.
Foreign currency translation. The financial statements of our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations whose functional currencies are not in U.S. dollars are translated at the period-end exchange rates, while revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates during the fiscal year. The cumulative translation effects are reflected as a component of “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” within shareholders' equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses on monetary transactions denominated in other than the functional currency of an operation are reflected within “Other (income) expenses, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Foreign currency gains and losses from changes in exchange rates have not been material to our consolidated operating results.
Revenue recognition. We derive revenue from the sale of products (i.e., server, storage, and point of sale hardware, and software), support, maintenance and subscription services and professional services. Revenue is recorded in the period in which the goods are delivered or services are rendered and when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the sales price to the customer is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. We reduce revenue for estimated discounts, sales incentives, estimated customer returns, and other allowances. Discounts are offered based on the volume of products and services purchased by customers. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are recognized as revenue and the related costs are recognized in cost of goods sold. Revenue is recorded net of any applicable taxes collected and remitted to governmental agencies. For the fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, revenue from international operations was 8%, 6% and 4%, respectively of total revenue. Our current customer base is highly fragmented, with the exception of one customer representing 10% of consolidated revenue for the year ended March 31, 2017.
We frequently enter into multiple-element arrangements with customers including hardware, software, professional consulting services and maintenance support services. For arrangements involving multiple deliverables, when deliverables include software and non-software products and services, we evaluate and separate each deliverable to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting based on the following criteria: (a) the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis; and (b) if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered items is considered probable and substantially in our control.
Consideration is allocated to each unit of accounting based on the unit's relative selling prices. In such circumstances, we use a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to each deliverable: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (VSOE), and (ii) best estimate of selling price (BESP). VSOE generally exists only when we sell the deliverable separately and is the price actually charged by us for that deliverable. VSOE is established for our software maintenance services and we use BESP to establish selling prices for our non-software related services. BESP is primarily used for elements that are not
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consistently priced within a narrow range. We determine BESP for a deliverable by considering multiple factors including product class, geography, average discount, and management's historical pricing practices. Amounts allocated to the delivered hardware and software elements are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the undelivered maintenance and other services elements are recognized as the services are provided or on a straight-line basis over the service period. In certain instances, customer acceptance is required prior to the passage of title and risk of loss of the delivered products. In such cases, revenue is not recognized until the customer acceptance is obtained. Delivery and acceptance generally occur in the same reporting period.
In situations where our solutions contain software that is more than incidental, revenue related to the software and software-related elements is recognized in accordance with authoritative guidance on software revenue recognition. For the software and software-related elements of such transactions, revenue is allocated based on the relative fair value of each element, and fair value is determined by VSOE. If we cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered element included in such multiple-element arrangements, we defer revenue until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, or until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established, but fair value exists for the undelivered elements, we use the residual method to recognize revenue. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue.
Revenue recognition for complex contractual arrangements, especially those with multiple elements, requires a significant level of judgment and is based upon a review of specific contracts, past experience, the selling price of undelivered elements when sold separately, creditworthiness of customers, international laws and other factors. Changes in judgments about these factors could impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized between periods.
Revenue for hardware sales is recognized when the product is shipped to the customer and when obligations that affect the customer's final acceptance of the arrangement have been fulfilled. A majority of our hardware sales involves shipment directly from its suppliers to the end-user customers. In these transactions, we are the primary obligor as we are responsible for negotiating price both with the supplier and the customer, payment to the supplier, establishing payment terms and product returns with the customer, and we bear the credit risk if the customer does not pay for the goods. As the principal contact with the customer, we recognize revenue and cost of goods sold when we are notified by the supplier that the product has been shipped. In certain limited instances, as shipping terms dictate, revenue is recognized upon receipt at the point of destination or upon installation at the customer site.
We offer proprietary software as well as remarketed software for sale to our customers. We offer our customers the right to license the software under a variety of models. Our customers can license our software under a perpetual model for an upfront fee or a subscription model. For subscription arrangements, we allow customers the right to use software, receive unspecified products as well as unspecified upgrades and enhancements and entitle the customer to receive hosting services for a specified term. The subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement, typically three to five years. Revenue from subscription service arrangements is included in Support, maintenance and subscription services in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. A majority of our software sales do not require significant production, modification, or customization at the time of shipment (physically or electronically) to the customer. Substantially all of our software license arrangements do not include acceptance provisions. As such, revenue from both proprietary and remarketed software sales is typically recognized when the software has been shipped. For software delivered electronically, delivery is considered to have occurred when the customer either takes possession of the software via downloading or has been provided with the requisite codes that allow for immediate access to the software based on the U.S. Eastern time zone time stamp.
We also offer proprietary and third-party services to our customers. Proprietary services generally include: consulting, installation, integration and training. Many of our software arrangements include consulting services sold separately under consulting engagement contracts. When the arrangements qualify as service transactions, consulting revenue from these arrangements are accounted for separately from the software revenue. The significant factors considered in determining whether the revenue should be accounted for separately include the nature of the services (i.e., consideration of whether the services are essential to the functionality of the software), degree of risk, availability of services from other vendors, timing of payments, and the impact of milestones or other customer acceptance criteria on revenue realization. If there is significant uncertainty about the project completion or receipt of payment for consulting services, the revenue is deferred until the uncertainty is resolved.
For certain long-term proprietary service contracts with fixed or “not to exceed” fee arrangements, we estimate proportional performance using the hours incurred as a percentage of total estimated hours to complete the project consistent with the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Accordingly, revenue for these contracts is recognized based on the proportion of the work performed on the contract. If there is no sufficient basis to measure progress toward completion, the revenue is recognized when final customer acceptance is received. Adjustments to contract price and estimated service hours are made periodically, and losses expected to be incurred on contracts in progress are charged to operations in the period such losses are determined. The aggregate of collections on uncompleted contracts in excess of related revenue is shown as a current liability.
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If an arrangement does not qualify for separate accounting of the software and consulting services, then the software revenue is recognized together with the consulting services using the percentage-of-completion or completed contract method of accounting. Contract accounting is applied to arrangements that include: milestones or customer-specific acceptance criteria that may affect the collection of revenue, significant modification or customization of the software, or provisions that tie the payment for the software to the performance of consulting services.
We also offer proprietary and third-party support to our customers. Support generally includes: support and maintenance of software and hardware products and subscription services. Revenue relating to proprietary support services is recognized evenly over the coverage period of the underlying agreement within support, maintenance and subscription revenue. In instances where we offer third-party support contracts to our customer, and the supplier is determined to be the primary obligor in the transaction, we report revenue at the time of the sale, only in the amount of the “commission” (equal to the selling price less the cost of sale) received rather than reporting revenue in the full amount of the selling price with separate reporting of the cost of sale.
Comprehensive (loss) income. Comprehensive (loss) income is the total of net (loss) income, as currently reported under GAAP, plus other comprehensive (loss) income. Other comprehensive (loss) income considers the effects of additional transactions and economic events that are not required to be recorded in determining net (loss) income, but rather are reported as a separate statement of comprehensive (loss) income.
Fair value measurements. We measure the fair value of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or non-recurring basis. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value each time a financial statement is prepared. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value when a significant event occurs. In determining fair value of financial assets and liabilities, we use various valuation techniques. Additional information regarding fair value measurements is provided in Note 14, Fair Value Measurements.
Investments in corporate-owned life insurance policies. Agilysys invests in corporate-owned life insurance policies, for which some are endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements. We entered into non-cancelable agreements with each of the former executives, whereby we must maintain the life insurance policy for a specified amount and split a portion of the policy benefits with their designated beneficiary. Our investment in these corporate-owned life insurance policies were recorded at their cash surrender value, which approximates fair value at the balance sheet date. During fiscal 2017, we received $2.2 million related to the death benefit due to us on redemption of two of these policies. In the consolidated balance sheets at the balance sheet date, the cash surrender value of $0.9 million for the remaining policies were held in “Other non-current assets,” and the present value of future proceeds owed to those executives' designated beneficiary of $0.1 million, which approximates fair value, were recorded within "Other non-current liabilities."
Additional information regarding the investments in corporate-owned life insurance policies is provided in Note 10, Employee Benefit Plans.
Income Taxes. Income tax expense includes U.S. and foreign income taxes and is based on reported income before income taxes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are anticipated to be settled or realized.
We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and establish a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The determination as to whether a deferred tax asset will be realized is made on a jurisdictional basis and is based on the evaluation of positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes historical taxable income, projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversal of existing temporary differences and the implementation of tax planning strategies.
We recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from uncertain tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. No tax benefits are recognized for positions that do not meet this threshold. Interest related to uncertain tax positions is recognized as part of the provision for income taxes and is accrued beginning in the period that such interest would be applicable under relevant tax law until such time that the related tax benefits are recognized. Our income taxes are described further in Note 9, Income Taxes.
Capitalized Software Development Costs. The capitalization of software development cost for external use begins when a product’s technological feasibility has been established. Capitalization ends when the resulting product is available for general market release. Amortization of the capitalized software is classified within products cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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For each capitalized software product, the annual amortization is equal to the greater of: (i) the amount computed using the ratio that the software product’s current fiscal year gross revenue bears to the total current fiscal year and anticipated future gross revenues for that product or (ii) the amount computed based on straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, which is a range between three and eight years. The amount by which unamortized software costs exceeds the net realizable value, if any, is recognized as a charge to income in the period it is determined.
Advertising and Promotion Expense. We expense advertising and promotion expense as incurred. Advertising and promotion expense was $2.7 million, $2.6 million and $1.7 million in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Reclassification - Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, we reclassified approximately $1.1 million from software development costs to property and equipment on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2016, which also impacted the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended March 31, 2016.
Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). ASU 2018-02 addresses the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate on items within accumulated other comprehensive income or loss due to the enactment of the Tax Act on December 22, 2017. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and for interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, and ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles- Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU No. 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. ASU No. 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test and requires a goodwill impairment to be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of its goodwill. The ASU is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. While we are still assessing the impact of this standard, we do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method, with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial adoption. We do not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides guidance with the intent of reducing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. We are currently reviewing this standard to assess the impact on our future consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). This new standard changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. Entities will be required to use a model that will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses for trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans, and other instruments. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than as reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. The new standard is effective for annual periods, and for interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently reviewing this standard to assess the impact on our future consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), which amends the accounting for stock-based compensation. The guidance requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be recognized as a component of income tax expense rather than of stockholders’ equity and also allows an entity to make an accounting policy election to either estimate expected forfeitures or to account for them as they occur. ASU No. 2016-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted the ASU in the quarter ended June 30, 2017, which is the first quarter for our annual period beginning April 1, 2017. The following summarizes the effects of the adoption on the Company's consolidated financial statements:
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Income taxes - In the first quarter of 2018, we did not recognize the discrete benefit related to $4.4 million of tax deductions in excess of recorded windfall tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation due to the Company’s full valuation allowance on its U.S. federal net operating losses.
Forfeitures - Prior to adoption, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense net of estimated forfeitures based on a rate management updated at least annually to reflect expected forfeitures over the vesting period. Upon adoption, the Company will no longer apply a forfeiture rate and instead will account for forfeitures as they occur. The Company applied the modified retrospective adoption approach and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately $0.7 million to opening retained earnings. Prior periods have not been adjusted.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which will require lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with current GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike current GAAP, which requires only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, the new guidance will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. The new guidance is effective for all periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and we are currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 will have, but anticipate that the new guidance will materially impact our consolidated financial statements given the significance of our leases.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Accounting Standards Codification. Additionally, this update supersedes some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition-Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. As originally issued, this guidance was effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption was not permitted. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date by one year, to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption was permitted, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016. The standard allows entities to apply the standard retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (“full retrospective adoption”) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application (“modified retrospective adoption”). We adopted ASU No. 2014-09 under the modified retrospective option effective April 1, 2018.
We have completed several key accounting assessments related to the standard and are in the process of finalizing our remaining assessments and quantifying the required cumulative effect adjustments upon adoption. We continue to evaluate and implement changes to related processes, systems, and internal controls. Our evaluation has included determining whether the unit of account (performance obligations) will change as compared to current GAAP, as well as determining the standalone selling price of each of our performance obligations. We believe our performance obligations will remain substantially unchanged from current guidance.
We currently allocate revenue to our software licenses under the residual method when VSOE exists for the remaining undelivered elements. The residual method allocates any future credits or significant discounts entirely to the software license. The adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 will result in future credits, significant discounts, and material rights under this guidance to be allocated to all performance obligations based upon their relative standalone selling prices. Under the new standard, additional software license revenue from the reallocation of such arrangement considerations will be recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which is generally upon delivery of the license. We have not been required to defer a significant amount of revenue due to insufficient VSOE and do not anticipate the updated standard’s requirement to establish or estimate a standalone selling price, rather than defer revenues in the absence of VSOE, will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. We do not expect the new standard to materially impact the amount or timing of the majority of revenue recognized in our consolidated financial statements.
Upon adoption of the new standard, we expect to begin deferring commissions earned by our internal sales force and subsequently amortizing these deferred commissions over the expected benefit period, which may be the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected, and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. We are still in the process of quantifying the impact of the new standard on these costs related to our customer contracts.
For sales transactions that have been billed, but for which the recognition of revenue has been deferred and the related account receivable has not been collected, we currently do not recognize deferred revenue or the related accounts receivable on our consolidated balance sheet. Under the new standard, we will record accounts receivable and related contract liabilities for noncancelable contracts with customers when the right to consideration is unconditional, which will result in increases in accounts receivable and contract liabilities (currently presented as deferred revenue) on our consolidated balance sheet, compared to our current presentation. As of March 31, 2018, our accounts receivable and deferred revenue were offset by approximately $10.2 million for unpaid amounts. The right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to a customer when that right is
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conditional on something other than the passage of time will be reclassified from accounts receivable to contract assets under the new standard.
There will be a corresponding tax effect in relation to the above noted impacts, which is still being evaluated.
Management continually evaluates the potential impact, if any, of all recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures and, if significant, makes the appropriate disclosures required by such new accounting pronouncements.
3. Restructuring Charges
We recognize restructuring charges when a plan that materially changes the scope of our business or the manner in which that business is conducted is adopted and communicated to the impacted parties, and the expenses have been incurred or are reasonably estimable. In addition, we assess the property and equipment associated with the related facilities for impairment. The remaining useful lives of property and equipment associated with the related operations are re-evaluated based on the respective restructuring plan, resulting in the acceleration of depreciation and amortization of certain assets.
Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan
During fiscal 2018, we continued our ongoing efforts to create more efficient teams across the business, which included certain executive changes during the year. To date, we have recorded $1.6 million in restructuring charges related to the fiscal 2018 restructuring plan, comprised of severance and other employee related benefits. As of March 31, 2018, there was a remaining liability of $0.2 million for the fiscal 2018 restructuring plan.
Fiscal 2016 Restructuring Plan
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, we continued our efforts to better align product development and general and administrative functions with our company strategy and to reduce operating costs. To date, we have recorded $0.5 million in restructuring charges related to the fiscal 2016 restructuring plan, comprised of severance, other employee related benefits and early lease termination. As of March 31, 2017 there was no remaining liability for the fiscal 2016 restructuring plan.
Following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the restructuring liability:

| Balance at |  |  |  |  |  | Balance at
| March 31, |  |  |  |  |  | March 31,
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | Provision |  | Payments |  | 2018
Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and employment costs | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,639 |  |  | $ | (1,441 | ) |  | $ | 198 |
Total restructuring costs | — |  |  | 1,639 |  |  | (1,441 | ) |  | 198 |
| Balance at |  |  |  |  |  | Balance at
| March 31, |  |  |  |  |  | March 31,
(In thousands) | 2016 |  | Provision |  | Payments |  | 2017
Fiscal 2016 Restructuring Plan: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and employment costs | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | (511 | ) |  | $ | — |
Lease early terminations | — |  |  | 43 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | — |
Total restructuring costs | 311 |  |  | 243 |  |  | (554 | ) |  | — |

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4. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment at March 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017
Furniture and equipment | $ | 10,671 |  | $ | 7,955 |
Software | 11,885 |  | 12,013 |
Leasehold improvements | 6,819 |  | 6,317 |
Project expenditures not yet in use | 4,187 |  | 2,217 |
| 33,562 |  | 28,502 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (16,050 | ) | (12,502 | )
Property and equipment, net | $ | 17,512 |  | $ | 16,000 |

Total depreciation expense on property and equipment was $2.6 million, $2.4 million, and $2.2 million during fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The Company capitalizes internal-use software, including software used exclusively in providing services or that is only made available to customers as a software service, as property and equipment under ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software.
Total amortization expense on capitalized internal-use software was $1.8 million, $1.4 million and $1.2 million during fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
Assets under capital leases are included in property and equipment categories above. Total assets under capital leases at March 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017
Capital leases | $ | 679 |  | $ | 702 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (509 | ) | (474 | )
Assets under capital lease, net | $ | 170 |  | $ | 228 |

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5. Intangible Assets and Software Development Costs
The following table summarizes our intangible assets and software development costs at March 31, 2018, and 2017:

| 2018 |  | 2017
| Gross |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Net
| carrying | Accumulated | carrying |  | carrying | Accumulated | carrying
(In thousands) | amount | amortization | amount |  | amount | amortization | amount
Amortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | $ | 10,775 |  | $ | (10,775 | ) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,775 |  | $ | (10,775 | ) | $ | — |
Non-competition agreements | 2,700 |  | (2,700 | ) | — |  |  | 2,700 |  | (2,700 | ) | — |
Developed technology | 10,660 |  | (10,398 | ) | 262 |  |  | 10,660 |  | (10,398 | ) | 262 |
Accumulated impairment | (262 | ) | N/A |  | (262 | ) |  | (262 | ) | N/A |  | (262 | )
Trade names | 230 |  | (146 | ) | 84 |  |  | 230 |  | (100 | ) | 130 |
Patented technology | 80 |  | (80 | ) | — |  |  | 80 |  | (80 | ) | — |
| 24,183 |  | (24,099 | ) | 84 |  |  | 24,183 |  | (24,053 | ) | 130 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade names | 9,200 |  | N/A |  | 9,200 |  |  | 9,200 |  | N/A |  | 9,200 |
Accumulated impairment | (570 | ) | N/A |  | (570 | ) |  | (570 | ) | N/A |  | (570 | )
Finite life reclassification | (230 | ) | N/A |  | (230 | ) |  | (230 | ) | N/A |  | (230 | )
| 8,400 |  | N/A |  | 8,400 |  |  | 8,400 |  | N/A |  | 8,400 |
Total intangible assets | $ | 32,583 |  | $ | (24,099 | ) | $ | 8,484 |  |  | $ | 32,583 |  | $ | (24,053 | ) | $ | 8,530 |
Software development costs | $ | 54,759 |  | $ | (20,372 | ) | $ | 34,387 |  |  | $ | 47,989 |  | $ | (10,356 | ) | $ | 37,633 |
Project expenditures not yet in use | 12,185 |  | N/A |  | 12,185 |  |  | 10,757 |  | N/A | 10,757 |
Accumulated impairment | (1,391 | ) | N/A |  | (1,391 | ) |  | (1,391 | ) | N/A |  | (1,391 | )
Total software development costs | $ | 65,553 |  | $ | (20,372 | ) | $ | 45,181 |  |  | $ | 57,355 |  | $ | (10,356 | ) | $ | 46,999 |

Indefinite-lived intangible assets, comprised of our purchased trade name InfoGenesis™ as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 are tested for impairment upon identification of impairment indicators or at least annually. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount is greater than fair value. The InfoGenesis™ indefinite-lived purchased trade name impairment testing resulted in a fair value exceeding the carrying amount for the years ending March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
At each balance sheet date, the unamortized capitalized software development costs for external use is compared to the net realizable value of that product by analyzing critical inputs such as costs necessary to bring the software to market, life of the software, and market capacity. The amount by which unamortized software costs exceeds the net realizable value, if any, is recognized as a charge to income in the period it is determined. As of March 31, 2016, we determined that the remaining net book value of our acquired developed technology WMx®™ exceeded its net realizable value resulting in an impairment charge of $0.3 million. These charges are classified within "Impairments and other fair value adjustments" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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The following table summarizes our remaining estimated amortization expense relating to in service intangible assets and software development costs.

| Estimated
| Amortization
(In thousands) | Expense
Fiscal year ending March 31, |
2019 | $ | 10,504 |
2020 | 9,765 |
2021 | 9,680 |
2022 | 2,568 |
2023 | 563 |
Total | $ | 33,080 |

Amortization expense related to software development costs related to assets to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed was $10.0 million, $8.0 million and $1.0 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These charges are included as Products cost of goods sold within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization expense relating to other definite-lived intangible assets was $46,000 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. These charges are classified as operating expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Capitalized software development costs are carried on our balance sheet at net realizable value, net of accumulated amortization. We capitalized approximately $8.2 million, $11.9 million and $13.3 million during fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
6. Financing Arrangements
The following is a summary of long-term obligations at March 31, 2018, and 2017:

(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017
Capital lease obligations | $ | 177 |  | $ | 237 |
Less: current maturities | (120 | ) | (121 | )
Long -term capital lease obligations | $ | 57 |  | $ | 116 |

Capital Leases
Agilysys leases certain equipment under capital leases expiring in various years through fiscal 2021. The assets and liabilities under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the asset. The assets are depreciated over the shorter of their related lease terms or their estimated productive lives. Assets recorded under capital leases were $0.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. Accumulated depreciation related to assets recorded under capital leases was $0.5 million as of March 31, 2018 and 2017. Depreciation of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation expense.
Minimum future lease payments under capital leases as of March 31, 2018, are as follows:

(In thousands) | Amount
Fiscal year ending March 31, |
2019 | $ | 129 |
2020 | 27 |
2021 | 37 |
Total minimum lease payments | $ | 193 |
Less: amount representing interest | (16 | )
Present value of minimum lease payments | $ | 177 |

Interest rates on capitalized leases of 4.5% are imputed based on the lower of our incremental borrowing rate at the inception of each lease or the lessor's implicit rate of return.
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7. Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Additional information related to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is as follows:

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Cash payments for interest, net | (88 | ) | (147 | ) | (64 | )
Cash payments for income tax, net | (227 | ) | 19 |  | 17 |
Acquisition of property and equipment under lease obligations | 64 |  | 21 |  | 287 |
Accrued capital expenditures | 83 |  | 411 |  | 59 |
Accrued capitalized software development costs | 201 |  | 922 |  | 959 |
Leasehold improvements acquired under operating lease arrangement | 95 |  | 35 |  | 997 |

8. Additional Balance Sheet Information
Additional information related to the Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |
Salaries, wages, and related benefits | $ | 6,793 |  |  | $ | 6,473 |
Other taxes payable | 769 |  |  | 750 |
Restructuring liabilities | 198 |  |  | — |
Severance liabilities | — |  |  | 11 |
Professional fees | 288 |  |  | 221 |
Deferred rent | 407 |  |  | 433 |
Other | 786 |  |  | 443 |
Total | $ | 9,241 |  |  | $ | 8,331 |
Other non-current liabilities: |  |  |
Uncertain tax positions | $ | 1,519 |  |  | $ | 1,479 |
Deferred rent | 2,313 |  |  | 2,444 |
Other | 79 |  |  | 79 |
Total | $ | 3,911 |  |  | $ | 4,002 |

Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts was $16.4 million and $15.6 million as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively. The related allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.9 million and $0.5 million as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively.
In January of 2015, Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. and certain of its affiliates (Caesars) entered bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. We filed proof of claim with the Bankruptcy Court identifying approximately $0.7 million of pre-petition claims. Caesars emerged from bankruptcy in October 2017. As of March 31, 2018, we have collected on all of the $0.7 million of pre-petition claims that were outstanding.
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9. Income Taxes
For the year ended March 31, loss before income taxes consisted of the following:

(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | (11,926 | ) |  | $ | (10,967 | ) |  | $ | (3,874 | )
Foreign | 325 |  |  | (518 | ) |  | 115 |
Total loss before income taxes | $ | (11,601 | ) |  | $ | (11,485 | ) |  | $ | (3,759 | )

For the year ended March 31, income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following:

(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (2 | )
State and local | (446 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (52 | )
Foreign | 73 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 59 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (2,985 | ) |  | 96 |  |  | 19 |
State and local | 41 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |
Foreign | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | (28 | )
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (3,251 | ) |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 6 |

The following table presents the principal components of the difference between the effective tax rate for continuing operations to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the years ended March 31:

(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Income tax benefit at the US Federal statutory rate | $ | (3,654 | ) |  | $ | (4,019 | ) |  | $ | (1,317 | )
Benefit for state taxes | (642 | ) |  | (142 | ) |  | (54 | )
Impact of foreign operations | 38 |  |  | 158 |  |  | (9 | )
Indefinite life assets | 335 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 26 |
Officer life insurance | (5 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (197 | )
Change in valuation allowance | 3,328 |  |  | 4,007 |  |  | 1,555 |
Change in liability for unrecognized tax benefits | 40 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (29 | )
Impact of Tax Act, net | (3,287 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Meals and entertainment | 81 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 100 |
Equity | 476 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 39 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | (69 | )
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (3,251 | ) |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 6 |

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States of America signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act contains significant changes to corporate taxes, including a permanent reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The reduction in the corporate rate requires a revaluation of certain tax-related assets and liabilities. As a result of the revaluation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and the ability to offset indefinite lived deferred tax liabilities with certain deferred tax assets, we recorded a tax benefit of approximately $3.3 million.
On December 22, 2017 the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB No. 118 allows registrants to record provisional amounts for a period up to one year from the date of enactment of the Tax Act when the registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will enact legislation to conform to the Tax Act. Because legislative guidance and accounting interpretations are expected in the future, we consider the accounting of the deferred tax
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remeasurement including the ability to offset indefinite lived deferred tax liabilities with certain deferred tax assets to be incomplete and therefore only consider amounts related to these items to be reasonably estimated as of March 31, 2018. We expect to refine and compete the accounting for the Tax Act during Fiscal 2019 as we obtain, prepare, and analyze additional information and as additional legislative, regulatory, and accounting guidance and interpretations become available.
Our tax provision includes a provision for income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions where subsidiaries are profitable, but only a minimal benefit is reflected related to U.S. and certain foreign tax losses due to the uncertainty of the ultimate realization of future benefits from these losses. The 2018 tax provision results primarily from a reduction in the deferred rate and the ability to offset indefinite lived deferred tax liabilities with certain deferred tax assets due to passage of the Tax Act. The 2018 tax provision differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the impact of the Tax Act, recognition of net operating losses as deferred tax assets, which were offset by increases in the valuation allowance, certain foreign and state tax effects including a benefit of $0.4 million related to a settlement with the California Franchise Tax Board and other U.S. permanent book to tax differences.
The 2017 tax provision primarily results from state taxes, taxes withheld in foreign jurisdictions and foreign tax expense. The 2017 tax provision differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the recognition of net operating losses as deferred tax assets, which were offset by increases in the valuation allowance, state taxes and other U.S. permanent book to tax differences.
The 2016 tax provision differs from the statutory rate primarily due to the recognition of net operating losses as deferred tax assets, which were offset by increases in the valuation allowance, death benefits on company owned life insurance, state taxes and other U.S. permanent book to tax differences.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, are as follows:

(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Accrued liabilities | $ | 2,720 |  | $ | 3,892 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | 143 |  | 126 |
Inventory valuation reserve | 20 |  | 38 |
Federal losses and credit carryforwards | 42,713 |  | 64,953 |
Foreign net operating losses | 623 |  | 392 |
State losses and credit carryforwards | 9,592 |  | 9,474 |
Deferred revenue | 652 |  | 704 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | 286 |  | 1,332 |
Other | 96 |  | 152 |
| 56,845 |  | 81,063 |
Less: valuation allowance | (54,260 | ) | (80,013 | )
Total | 2,585 |  | 1,050 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Property and equipment & software amortization | (412 | ) | (772 | )
Indefinite-lived goodwill & intangible assets | (2,277 | ) | (3,459 | )
Total | (2,689 | ) | (4,231 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | (104 | ) | $ | (3,181 | )

At March 31, 2018, we had $198.7 million of a federal net operating loss carryforwards that expire, if unused, in fiscal years 2031 to 2038. Included in this net operating loss is $4.4 million of tax deductions in excess of recorded windfall tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation that was recognized upon the implementation of ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, that amended several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences. Our Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippine subsidiaries have $0.3, $0.1, $0.1 and $0.1 million of net operating loss carryforwards respectively. The losses for Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore can be carried forward indefinitely while the losses for the Philippines have a 3 year carryforward. At March 31, 2018 our India subsidiary had $0.1 million of minimum alternative tax credits reported as other noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance sheet. Our India subsidiary operates in a “Special Economic Zone (“SEZ”)”. One of the benefits associated with the SEZ is that the India subsidiary is not subject to regular India income taxes during its first 5 years of operations.
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At March 31, 2018 we also had $134.7 million of state net operating loss carryforwards that expire, if unused, in fiscal years 2019 through 2038.
We recorded valuation allowances related to certain deferred income tax assets due to the uncertainty of the ultimate realization of the future benefits from those assets. At March 31, 2018, the total valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of $54.3 million was comprised of a valuation allowance of $53.7 million for federal and state deferred tax assets, and a valuation allowance of $0.6 million associated with deferred tax assets in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We have recorded a valuation allowance offsetting substantially all of our deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences are deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carryback and carryforward periods), projected taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. In order to fully realize the deferred tax assets, we will need to generate future taxable income before the expiration of the deferred tax assets governed by the tax code. Because of our losses in current and prior periods, management believes that it is more-likely-than-not that we will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences. The amount of the valuation allowance, however, could be reduced in the near term. The exact timing will be based on the level of profitability that we are able to achieve and our visibility into future results. Our recorded tax rate may increase in subsequent periods following a valuation release. Any valuation allowance release will not affect the amount of cash paid for income taxes.
The undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are not subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes unless such earnings are distributed in the form of dividends or otherwise to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits. The undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries are permanently reinvested and totaled $1.7 million and $1.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We made the determination of permanent reinvestment on the basis of sufficient evidence that demonstrates we will invest the undistributed earnings overseas indefinitely for use in working capital, as well as foreign acquisitions and expansion. The determination of the amount of the unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability related to the undistributed earnings is not practicable.
We use the with-and-without approach for ordering tax benefits derived from the share-based payment awards. Using the with-and-without approach, actual income taxes payable for the period are compared to the amount of tax payable that would have been incurred absent the deduction for employee share-based payments in excess of the amount of compensation cost recognized for financial reporting. As a result of this approach, tax net operating loss carryforwards not generated from share-based payments in excess of cost recognized for financial reporting are considered utilized before the current period's share-based deduction.
We recorded a liability for unrecognized tax positions. The aggregate changes in the balance of our gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows for the years ended March 31:

(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Balance at April 1 | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | 1,617 |  |  | $ | 1,755 |
Reductions: |  |  |  |  |
Relating to tax settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | (85 | )
Relating to positions taken during prior year | (300 | ) |  | (604 | ) |  | — |
Relating to lapse in statute | (1 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (53 | )
Balance at March 31 | $ | 687 |  |  | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | 1,617 |

As of March 31, 2018, we had a liability of $0.7 million related to uncertain tax positions, the recognition of which would affect our effective income tax rate.
Although the timing and outcome of tax settlements are uncertain, it is reasonably possible that during the next 12 months a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits may occur in the range of zero to $0.3 million as a result of the expiration of various statutes of limitations. We are routinely audited and the outcome of tax examinations could also result in a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits. Other changes could occur in the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits during the next 12 months which cannot be estimated at this time.
We recognize interest accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Penalties are recognized as a component of general and administrative expenses. We recognized interest and penalty expense of less than $0.1 million for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, we had approximately $0.8 million and $0.8 million of interest and penalties accrued.
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In the U.S. we file consolidated federal and state income tax returns where statutes of limitations generally range from three to five years. Although we have resolved examinations with the IRS through tax year ended March 31, 2010, U.S. federal tax years are open from 2006 forward due to attribute carryforwards. The statute of limitations is open from fiscal year 2011 forward in certain state jurisdictions. We also file income tax returns in international jurisdictions where statutes of limitations generally range from three to seven years. Years beginning after 2007 are open for examination by certain foreign taxing authorities.
10. Employee Benefit Plans
401(k) Plan
We maintain 401(k) plans for employees meeting certain service requirements. Generally, the plans allow eligible employees to contribute a portion of their compensation, and we match 100% of the first 1% of the employee's pre-tax contributions and 50% of the next 5% of the employee's pre-tax contributions. We may also make discretionary contributions each year for the benefit of all eligible
employees under the plans. Agilysys matching contributions were $1.7 million, $1.4 million, and $1.5 million in fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance
Agilysys provides certain former executives with life insurance benefits through endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements. We entered into non-cancelable agreements with each of the former executives, whereby we must maintain the life insurance policy for a specified amount and split a portion of the policy benefits with their designated beneficiary. In fiscal 2016, we increased the value of two of these policies by $0.5 million due to the anticipated redemption and recorded the benefit in "Other (income) expenses, net" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. During fiscal 2017, we received $2.2 million related to the death benefit due to us on redemption of two of these policies.
Our investment in these corporate-owned life insurance policies were recorded at their cash surrender value, which approximates fair value at the balance sheet date. In the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018, the cash surrender value of $0.9 million for the remaining policies were held in “Other non-current assets,” and the present value of future proceeds owed to those executives' designated beneficiaries of $0.1 million, which approximates fair value, were recorded within "Other non-current liabilities."
At March 31, 2017, the aggregate cash surrender value of the underlying corporate-owned split-dollar life insurance contracts which were classified within "Other non-current assets” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets was $0.8 million.
Changes in the cash surrender value of these policies related to gains and losses incurred on these investments are classified within “Other (income) expenses, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recorded a gain of $17,000 dollars in fiscal 2018, a gain of $18,000 in fiscal 2017 and a gain of $0.6 million in fiscal 2016 related to the corporate-owned life insurance policies.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
We lease certain facilities and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases which expire at various dates through fiscal 2024 and require us to pay a portion of the related operating expenses such as maintenance, property taxes, and insurance. Certain facilities and equipment leases contain renewal options for periods up to ten years. In most cases, management expects that in the normal course of business, leases will be renewed or replaced by other leases. Certain facilities leases have free or escalating rent payment provisions. Rent expense under such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The following is a schedule by year of future minimum rental payments required under operating leases, excluding the related operating expenses, which have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of a year as of March 31, 2018:

(In thousands) | Amount
Fiscal year ending March 31, |
2019 | $ | 3,751 |
2020 | 3,468 |
2021 | 3,375 |
2022 | 2,506 |
2023 | 1,052 |
Thereafter | 717 |
Total minimum lease payments | $ | 14,869 |

Rental expense for all non-cancelable operating leases amounted to $3.2 million, $2.8 million, and $2.7 million for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
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Legal Contingencies
Agilysys is the subject of various threatened or pending legal actions and contingencies in the normal course of conducting its business. We provide for costs related to these matters when a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The effect of the outcome of these matters on our future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount or timing of the resolution of such matters. While it is not possible to predict with certainty, management believes that the ultimate resolution of such individual or aggregated matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
On April 6, 2012, Ameranth, Inc. filed a complaint against us for patent infringement in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. The complaint alleges, among other things, that point-of-sale and property management and other hospitality information technology products, software, components and/or systems sold by us infringe three patents owned by Ameranth purporting to cover generation and synchronization of menus, including restaurant menus, event tickets, and other products across fixed, wireless and/or internet platforms as well as synchronization of hospitality information and hospitality software applications across fixed, wireless and internet platforms. The complaint seeks monetary damages, injunctive relief, costs and attorneys' fees. At this time, we are not able to predict the outcome of this lawsuit, or any possible monetary exposure associated with the lawsuit. However, we dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and are vigorously defending ourselves in this matter.
12. Loss per Share
The following data shows the amounts used in computing loss per share and the effect on earnings and the weighted average number of shares of dilutive potential common shares.

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share data) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (8,350 | ) |  | $ | (11,721 | ) |  | $ | (3,765 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted | 22,801 |  |  | 22,615 |  |  | 22,483 |
Loss per share - basic and diluted: |  |  |  |  |
Net loss per share-basic and diluted | $ | (0.37 | ) |  | $ | (0.52 | ) |  | $ | (0.17 | )
Anti-dilutive stock options, SSARs, restricted shares and performance shares | 756 |  |  | 1,004 |  | 1,682

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed as net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average basic shares outstanding. The outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted average basic shares excludes 334,817, 490,355 and 343,585 of restricted shares and performance shares at March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as these shares were issued but were not vested and, therefore, not considered outstanding for purposes of computing basic earnings per share at the balance sheet dates.
Diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the effect of all potentially dilutive securities on earnings per share. We have stock options, stock-settled appreciation rights ("SSARs"), unvested restricted shares and unvested performance shares that are potentially dilutive securities. When a loss is reported, the denominator of diluted earnings per share cannot be adjusted for the dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards because doing so would be anti-dilutive. In addition, when a net loss is reported, adjusting the denominator of diluted earnings per share would also be anti-dilutive to the loss per share, even if the entity has net income after adjusting for a discontinued operation. Therefore, for all periods presented, basic weighted-average shares outstanding were used in calculating the diluted net loss per share.
13. Share-based Compensation
We may grant non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, SSARs, restricted shares, and restricted share units under our shareholder-approved 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2016 Plan) for up to 2.0 million common shares, plus 957,575 common shares, the number of shares that were remaining for grant under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2011 Plan) as of the effective date of the 2016 Plan, plus the number of shares remaining for grant under the 2011 Plan that are forfeited, settled in cash, canceled or expired.
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The maximum aggregate number of restricted shares or restricted share units that may be granted under the 2016 Plan is 1.25 million. With respect to awards that are intended to qualify for the performance-based exception to the deductibility limitations of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the maximum number of shares subject to stock options or SSARs that may be granted to an individual in a calendar year is 800,000 shares, and the maximum number of shares subject to restricted shares or restricted share units that may be granted to an individual in a calendar year is 400,000 shares.
We have a 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2006 Plan) that still has vested awards outstanding. Awards are no longer being granted from this incentive plan.
We may distribute authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares to satisfy share option and appreciation right exercises or restricted share and performance share awards.
For stock options and SSARs, the exercise price must be set at least equal to the closing market price of our common shares on the date of grant. The maximum term of stock option and SSAR awards is seven years from the date of grant. Stock option and SSARs awards vest over a period established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. SSARs may be granted in conjunction with, or independently from, stock option grants. SSARs granted in connection with a stock option are exercisable only to the extent that the stock option to which it relates is exercisable and the SSARs terminate upon the termination or exercise of the related stock option grants.
Restricted shares and restricted share units, whether time-vested or performance-based, may be issued at no cost or at a purchase price that may be below their fair market value, but are subject to forfeiture and restrictions on their sale or other transfer. Performance-based awards may be conditioned upon the attainment of specified performance objectives and other conditions, restrictions, and contingencies. Restricted shares and restricted share units have the right to receive dividends, or dividend equivalents in the case of restricted share units, if any, upon vesting, subject to the same forfeiture provisions that apply to the underlying awards. Subject to certain exceptions set forth in the 2016 Plan, for awards to employees, no performance-based restricted shares or restricted share units shall be based on a restriction period of less than one year, and any time-based restricted shares or restricted share units shall have a minimum restriction period of three years.
We record compensation expense related to stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, and performance shares granted to certain employees and non-employee directors based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. The fair value of restricted share and performance share awards is based on the closing price of our common shares on the grant date. The fair value of stock option and stock-settled appreciation right awards is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, which includes assumptions regarding the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, life of the award, and the volatility of our common shares.
The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense for options, SSARs, restricted and performance awards included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016:

| Year ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Product development | $ | 1,306 |  |  | $ | 1,545 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |
Sales and marketing | 371 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 68 |
General and administrative | 3,011 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 2,154 |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 4,688 |  |  | $ | 2,427 |  |  | $ | 3,405 |

Stock-Settled Stock Appreciation Rights
Stock-Settled Appreciation Rights (“SSARs”) are rights granted to an employee to receive value equal to the difference in the price of our common shares on the date of the grant and on the date of exercise. This value is settled only in common shares of Agilysys.
We use a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of SSARs. The following table summarizes the principal assumptions utilized in valuing SSARs granted in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016:

| 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Risk-free interest rate | 1.74%-1.94% | 0.94%-2.14% | 1.53%-1.61%
Expected life (in years) | 5 | 5 | 5
Expected volatility | 32.42% - 32.84% | 35.25%-40.22% | 46.34%-47.25%
Weighted average grant date fair value | $3.36 | $3.69 | $3.95

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The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of a zero coupon U.S. Treasury bond whose maturity period approximates the expected life of the SSARs. The expected life is estimated using historical data representing the period of time the awards are expected to be outstanding. The estimated fair value of the SSARs granted is recognized over the vesting period of the awards utilizing the graded vesting method. Under this method, the compensation cost related to unvested amounts begins to be recognized as of the grant date.
The following table summarizes the activity during fiscal 2018 for SSARs awarded under the 2016 and 2011 Plans:

(In thousands, except share and per share data) | Number of Rights |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
|  |  | (per right) |  | (in years) |  |
Outstanding at April 1, 2017 | 1,094,978 |  |  | $ | 10.44 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 204,213 |  |  | 10.56 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (41,691 | ) |  | 9.14 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (99,661 | ) |  | 10.02 |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled/expired | (54,679 | ) |  | 9.56 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at March 31, 2018 | 1,103,160 |  |  | $ | 10.60 |  |  | 5.2 |  | $ | 1,570 |
Exercisable at March 31, 2018 | 604,596 |  |  | $ | 10.46 |  |  | 4.6 |  | $ | 996 |
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2018 | 1,103,160 |  |  | $ | 10.60 |  |  | 5.2 |  | $ | 1,570 |

The following table presents additional information related to SSARs activity during fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016:

(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Compensation expense | $ | 1,869 |  | $ | 621 |  | $ | 1,200 |
Total intrinsic value of SSARs exercised | $ | 88 |  | $ | 360 |  | $ | 32 |
Total fair value of SSARs vesting | $ | 1,325 |  | $ | 497 |  | $ | 1,069 |

As of March 31, 2018, total unrecognized stock based compensation expense related to non-vested SSARs was $0.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average vesting period of 1.8 years.
A total of 5,456 shares, net of 2,328 shares withheld to cover the employee’s minimum applicable income taxes, were issued from treasury shares to settle SSARs exercised during the twelve months ended March 31, 2018. The shares withheld were returned to treasury shares.
Restricted Shares
We granted shares to certain of our Directors, executives and key employees under the 2016 and 2011 Plans, the vesting of which is service-based. The following table summarizes the activity during the twelve months ended March 31, 2018 for restricted shares awarded under the 2016 and 2011 Plans:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value
|  |  | (per share)
Outstanding at April 1, 2017 | 490,355 |  |  | $ | 10.72 |
Granted | 267,442 |  |  | 11.11
Vested | (369,683 | ) |  | 11.02
Forfeited | (144,760 | ) |  | 10.58
Outstanding at March 31, 2018 | 243,354 |  |  | $ | 10.78 |

The weighted-average grant date fair value of the restricted shares is determined based upon the closing price of our common shares on the grant date. During fiscal 2018, a total of 264,079 shares, net of 105,604 shares withheld from the vested restricted shares to cover the employee's minimum applicable income taxes, were issued from treasury. The shares withheld were returned to treasury shares.
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The following table presents additional information related to restricted stock activity during fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016:

(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Compensation expense | $ | 2,594 |  | $ | 1,770 |  | $ | 2,167 |
Total fair value of restricted share vesting | $ | 4,315 |  | $ | 1,182 |  | $ | 1,638 |

As of March 31, 2018, total unrecognized stock based compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock was $1.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average vesting period of 1.8 years. We do not include restricted stock in the calculation of earnings per share until the shares are vested.
Performance Shares
The following table summarizes the activity during fiscal 2018 for performance shares awarded under the 2011 Plan:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted- Average Grant- Date Fair Value
|  |  | (per share)
Outstanding at April 1, 2017 | — |  |  | $ | — |
Granted | 91,463 |  |  | 9.84 |
Vested | — |  |  | $ | — |
Outstanding at March 31, 2018 | 91,463 |  |  | $ | 9.84 |

Based on the performance goals, management estimates a liability of $225,000 to be settled through the vesting of a variable number of the performance shares subsequent to March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, total stock based compensation expense related to performance shares has been fully recognized.
The following table presents additional information related to performance share activity during the fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016:

(In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Compensation expense | $ | 225 |  | $ | 36 |  | $ | 39 |
Total fair value of performance share vesting | $ | — |  | $ | 83 |  | — |

Once attainment of the performance goals becomes probable, compensation expense related to performance share awards is recognized ratably over the vesting period based upon the closing market price of our common shares on the grant date.
14. Fair Value Measurements
We estimate the fair value of financial instruments using available market information and generally accepted valuation methodologies. We assess the inputs used to measure fair value using a three-tier hierarchy. The hierarchy indicates the extent to which pricing inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Level 1 inputs include unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities and are the most observable. Level 2 inputs include unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities that are either directly or indirectly observable, or other observable inputs such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity rates, and yield curves. Level 3 inputs are not observable in the market and include our own judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The use of observable and unobservable inputs is reflected in the hierarchy assessment disclosed in the tables below.
There were no significant transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the twelve months ended March 31, 2018.
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The following tables present information about our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value:

| Fair value measurement used
| Recorded value as of |  | Active markets for identical assets or liabilities |  | Quoted prices in similar instruments and observable inputs |  | Active markets for unobservable inputs
(In thousands) | March 31, 2018 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate-owned life insurance — non-current | $ | 853 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 853 |

| Fair value measurement used
| Recorded value as of |  | Active markets for identical assets or liabilities |  | Quoted prices in similar instruments and observable inputs |  | Active markets for unobservable inputs
(In thousands) | March 31, 2017 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate-owned life insurance — non-current | $ | 809 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 809 |

The recorded value of the corporate-owned life insurance policies is adjusted to the cash surrender value of the policies obtained from the third party life insurance providers, which are not observable in the market, and therefore, are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Changes in the cash surrender value of these policies are recorded within “Other expenses (income), net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table presents a summary of changes in the fair value of the corporate-owned life insurance Level 3 asset for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

| Level 3 assets and liabilities
(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Corporate-owned life insurance: |  |  |
Balance on April 1 | $ | 809 |  |  | $ | 3,122 |
Realized gains | 17 |  |  | 18 |
Unrealized (loss) gain relating to instruments held at reporting date | 27 |  |  | (123 | )
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net | — |  |  | (2,208 | )
Balance on March 31 | $ | 853 |  |  | $ | 809 |

15. Quarterly Results (Unaudited)
Because quarterly reporting of per share data is used independently for each reporting period, the sum of per share amounts for the four quarters in the fiscal year will not necessarily equal annual per share amounts. GAAP prohibits retroactive adjustment of quarterly per share amounts so that the sum of those amounts equals amounts for the full year.
We have traditionally experienced seasonal revenue weakness during our fiscal first quarter ending June 30. Additionally, the timing of large one-time orders, such as those associated with significant remarketed product sales around large customer refresh cycles or significant volume rollouts, occasionally creates volatility in our quarterly results.
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| Year ended March 31, 2018
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | Year
(In thousands except per share data) | Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | Quarter
Net revenue | $ | 33,865 |  | $ | 30,129 |  | $ | 31,310 |  | $ | 32,056 |  | $ | 127,360 |
Gross profit | 16,670 |  | 15,370 |  | 15,628 |  | 16,749 |  | 64,417 |
Restructuring, severance and other charges | 37 |  | 826 |  | 378 |  | 557 |  | 1,798 |
Legal settlements | — |  | — |  | 150 |  | — |  | 150 |
Net loss | $ | (2,958 | ) | $ | (3,248 | ) | $ | (1,934 | ) | $ | (210 | ) | $ | (8,350 | )
Per share data-basic and diluted |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (0.13 | ) | $ | (0.14 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.37 | )

| Year ended March 31, 2017
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | Year
(In thousands except per share data) | Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | Quarter
Net revenue | $ | 30,953 |  | $ | 32,676 |  | $ | 33,448 |  | $ | 30,602 |  | $ | 127,678 |
Gross profit | 16,191 |  | 15,879 |  | 16,241 |  | 15,475 |  | 63,785 |
Restructuring, severance and other charges | 89 |  | — |  | 1,395 |  | 77 |  | 1,561 |
Legal settlements | — |  | 85 |  | — |  | — |  | 85 |
Net loss | $ | (2,297 | ) | $ | (2,400 | ) | $ | (1,737 | ) | $ | (5,287 | ) | $ | (11,721 | )
Net loss Per share data-basic and diluted | $ | (0.10 | ) | $ | (0.11 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.52 | )

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16. Subsequent Event
None.
17. Related Party Transaction
During fiscal 2018 we entered into certain consulting arrangements and paid approximately $0.1 million in fees to a company that our CEO has an ownership interest in of less than 2% and whose principal owner was a director of one of our foreign subsidiaries.
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Years ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

| Balance at | Charged to |  | Balance at
| beginning of | costs and |  | end of
(In thousands) | year | expenses | Deductions | year
2018 |  |  |  |
Deferred tax valuation allowance | $ | 80,013 |  | $ | (25,753 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | 54,260 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 509 |  | $ | 1,063 |  | $ | (672 | ) | $ | 900 |
2017 |  |  |  |
Deferred tax valuation allowance | $ | 77,846 |  | $ | 2,167 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 80,013 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 617 |  | $ | 648 |  | $ | (756 | ) | $ | 509 |
2016 |  |  |  |
Deferred tax valuation allowance | $ | 76,420 |  | $ | 1,426 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 77,846 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 888 |  | $ | 942 |  | $ | (1,213 | ) | $ | 617 |

Item 9. Change in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. A controls system cannot provide absolute assurance, however, that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of Agilysys, under the supervision of the CEO and CFO, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision of our CEO and CFO, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018 based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on that evaluation, management concluded that Agilysys maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018.
Grant Thornton LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, issued their report regarding Agilysys' internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2018, which is included elsewhere in this annual report.
Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the last quarter of fiscal 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
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Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Information required by this Item as to the Directors of Agilysys, Executive Officers, the Audit Committee, Agilysys' Code of Business Conduct, and the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominations appearing under the headings “Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers” and “Corporate Governance” in our Proxy Statement to be used in connection with Agilysys' 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “2018 Proxy Statement”) is incorporated herein by reference. Information with respect to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by our Directors, executive officers, and holders of more than five percent of Agilysys' equity securities will be set forth in the 2018 Proxy Statement under the heading “Section 16 (a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
We adopted a Code of Business Conduct that applies to all Directors and employees of Agilysys, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Code is available on our website at http://www.agilysys.com.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the headings, “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Report,” and “Corporate Governance,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the headings “Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares,” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this item is set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the headings “Corporate Governance” and “Related Person Transactions,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by this Item is set forth in our 2018 Proxy Statement under the heading “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)(1) Financial statements. The following consolidated financial statements are included herein and are incorporated by reference in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report:
Report of Grant Thornton LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and 2017
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a)(2) Financial statement schedule. The following financial statement schedule is included herein and is incorporated by reference in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report:
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules have been omitted since they are not applicable or the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
(a)(3) Exhibits. Exhibits included herein and those incorporated by reference are listed in the Exhibit Index of this Annual Report.
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Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
None.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Agilysys, Inc. has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Alpharetta, State of Georgia, on May 25, 2018.
AGILYSYS, INC.
/s/ Ramesh Srinivasan
Ramesh Srinivasan
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated as of May 25, 2018.

Signature |  | Title
/s/ Ramesh Srinivasan |  | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Ramesh Srinivasan |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Anthony S. Pritchett |  | Chief Financial Officer,
Anthony S. Pritchett |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Chris J. Robertson |  | Corporate Controller and Treasurer
Chris J. Robertson |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Michael A. Kaufmann |  | Chairman and Director
Michael A. Kaufmann |  |
/s/ Keith M. Kolerus |  | Vice Chairman and Director
Keith M. Kolerus |  |
/s/ Donald A. Colvin |  | Director
Donald A. Colvin |  |
/s/ Gerald C. Jones |  | Director
Gerald C. Jones |  |
/s/ John Mutch |  | Director
John Mutch |  |
________________ |  | Director
Melvin L. Keating |  |

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Agilysys, Inc.
Exhibit Index

Exhibit No. | Description
3(a) | Amended Articles of Incorporation of Agilysys, Inc., which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 (File No. 000-05734).
3(b) | Amended Code of Regulations of Agilysys, Inc., which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Agilysys, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 21, 2016 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(a) | The Company's Annual Incentive Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed June 28, 2011 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(b) | Pioneer-Standard Electronics, Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(o) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2000 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(c) | Pioneer-Standard Electronics, Inc. Benefit Equalization Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(p) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2000 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(d) | Amendment to the Pioneer-Standard Electronics, Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated January 29, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(x) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2002 (File No. 000-05734).
**10(e) | Indemnification Agreement entered into by and between Agilysys, Inc. and each of its Directors.
*10(f) | Agilysys, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed June 28, 2011 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(g) | Agilysys, Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference to Appendix B to Agilysys, Inc.'s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed August 15, 2016 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(h) | Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(pp) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2010 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(i) | Form of Directors Restricted Stock Award Agreement, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(qq) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2010 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(j) | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(k) | Amendment to the Agilysys, Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, effective March 25, 2011, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(cc) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(l) | Amendment to the Agilysys, Inc. Benefits Equalization Plan, effective March 31, 2011, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(dd) to Agilysys, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(m) | Form of Executive Employment Agreement, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Agilysys, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 31, 2018 (File No. 000-05734).
10(n) | Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Agilysys, Inc. and Kyrus Solutions, Inc., dated May 31, 2013, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.01 to Agilysys, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 4, 2013 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(o) | Separation Agreement dated effective January 2, 2017, by and between Agilysys, Inc. and James H. Dennedy, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Agilysys, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 12, 2017 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(p) | Employment Agreement dated December 6, 2016, by and between Agilysys, Inc. and Ramesh Srinivasan, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Agilysys, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 12, 2016 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(q) | Form of Cash Retention Award Agreement, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(r) to Agilysys, Inc.'s. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 000-05734).
*10(r) | SSAR Agreement dated January 3, 2017, by and between Agilysys, Inc. and Ramesh Srinivasan, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(s) to Agilysys, Inc.'s. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 000-05734).
**21 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
**23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
**24.1 | Power of Attorney

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**31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
**31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
**31.3 | Certification of Corporate Controller and Treasurer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
**32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Controller and Treasurer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 | The following materials from our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2018 and 2017, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the twelve months ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the twelve months ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the twelve months ended March 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the twelve months ended March 31, 2018.
* | Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
** | Filed herewith

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