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Employee Share Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract] |
Employee Share Plans | Note 15. Employee Share Plans Employee Stock Purchase Plan - The 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which has a termination date of June 30, 2020, allows qualified employees to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions up to a limit of $25,000 of stock per calendar year. The price an employee pays for shares is 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the last day of the purchase period. Purchase periods begin on the sixteenth day of the month and end on the fifteenth day of the subsequent month. Other than a one-year holding period from the date of purchase, there are no vesting or other restrictions on the stock purchased by employees under the ESPP. The total number of shares of common stock that can be purchased under the ESPP shall not exceed two million shares. Stock Awards - We granted various share-based awards through the year ended December 31, 2018 under the CBIZ, Inc. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”). The terms and vesting schedules for the share-based awards vary by type and date of grant. A maximum of 9.6 million stock options, restricted stock or other stock based compensation awards may be granted. Shares subject to award under the 2014 Plan may be either authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or treasury shares. At December 31, 2018, approximately 3.1 million shares were available for future grant under the 2014 Plan. We utilized the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $4.73, $3.49, $2.40, respectively. The following weighted average assumptions were utilized:
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Expected volatility (1) |  |  | 22.04 | % |  |  | 22.22 | % |  |  | 24.88 | %
Expected option life (years) (2) |  |  | 4.62 |  |  |  | 4.61 |  |  |  | 4.62 |
Risk-free interest rate (3) |  |  | 2.80 | % |  |  | 1.85 | % |  |  | 1.12 | %
Expected dividend yield (4) |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
(1) | The expected volatility assumption was determined based upon the historical volatility of our stock price, using daily price intervals.
(2) | The expected option life was determined based upon our historical data using a midpoint scenario, which assumes all options are exercised halfway between the expiration date and the weighted average time it takes the option to vest.
(3) | The risk-free interest rate assumption was upon zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with a term approximating the expected life of the respective options.
(4) | The expected dividend yield assumption was determined in view of our historical and estimated dividend payouts. We do not expect to change our dividend payout policy in the foreseeable future.
During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized compensation expense (before income tax expense) for these awards as follows (in thousands):
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Stock options |  | $ | 2,609 |  |  | $ | 2,105 |  |  | $ | 2,253 |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 4,257 |  |  |  | 3,600 |  |  |  | 3,472 |
Total share-based compensation expense |  | $ | 6,866 |  |  | $ | 5,705 |  |  | $ | 5,725 |
Stock Options - Stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were generally subject to a 25% incremental vesting schedule over a four-year period commencing from the date of grant. Stock options expire six years from the date of grant and are awarded with an exercise price equal to the market value of our common stock on the date of grant. At the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, options awarded under the 2014 Plan may vest in a time period shorter than four years. Under the 2014 Plan, stock options awarded to non-employee directors have generally been granted with immediate vesting. Stock options may be granted alone or in addition to other awards and may be of two types: incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options. Stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows (number of options in thousands):
|  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) |
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 |  |  | 3,844 |  |  | $ | 9.67 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 642 |  |  | $ | 19.45 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (864 | ) |  | $ | 7.29 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired or canceled |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 3,622 |  |  | $ | 11.97 |  |  | 3.07 years |  | $ | 28.0 |
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 9.21 |  |  | 2.05 years |  | $ | 21.1 |
| • | The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $3.0 million, $2.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
| • | The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $10.9 million, $9.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between our stock price on the exercise date and the exercise price of each option exercised.
| • | At December 31, 2018, we had unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested stock options of $5.9 million to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.3 years.
Restricted Stock Awards - Under the 2014 Plan, certain employees and non-employee directors were granted restricted stock awards. Restricted stock awards are independent of option grants and are granted at no cost to the recipients. The awards are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of restrictions, generally one to four years from the date of grant. Recipients of restricted stock awards are entitled to the same dividend and voting rights as holders of other CBIZ common stock, subject to certain restrictions during the vesting period, and the awards are considered to be issued and outstanding from the date of grant. Shares granted under the 2014 Plan cannot be sold, pledged, transferred or assigned during the vesting period. Restricted stock award activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows:
|  | Number of Shares (in thousands) |  |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value (1) |
Non-vested at December 31, 2017 |  |  | 724 |  |  | $ | 11.78 |
Granted |  |  | 272 |  |  | $ | 18.77 |
Vested |  |  | (364 | ) |  | $ | 11.18 |
Forfeited |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-vested at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 632 |  |  | $ | 15.35 |
(1) | Represents weighted average market value of the shares as the awards are granted at no cost to the recipients.
| • | At December 31, 2018, we had unrecognized compensation cost for restricted stock awards of $9.7 million to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.22 years.
| • | The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $4.1 million, $3.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
| • | The market value of shares awarded during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $5.1 million, $4.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively. This market value was recorded as unearned compensation and is being expensed ratably over the periods which the restrictions lapse.
| • | Awards outstanding at December 31, 2018 will be released from restrictions at dates ranging from February 2019 through May 2022.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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