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<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2019-05-06T15:35:11.6694618+00:00 -->
<!-- Version            : 3.4.7044.22220 -->
<!-- Package ID         : bf30561a2d7246f1bea46044dd9a762f -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2019 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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  <xsd:element id="cbz_OperatingLeaseLiabilityBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock" name="OperatingLeaseLiabilityBalanceSheetInformationTableTextBlock" type="nonnum:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_NumberOfPracticeGroups" name="NumberOfPracticeGroups" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" name="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" name="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_PercentageOfOfficeFacilitiesInOperatingLease" name="PercentageOfOfficeFacilitiesInOperatingLease" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FinancialServicesMember" name="FinancialServicesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_BenefitsAndInsuranceServicesMember" name="BenefitsAndInsuranceServicesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_NationalPracticesMember" name="NationalPracticesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_AccountingTaxAdvisoryAndConsultingMember" name="AccountingTaxAdvisoryAndConsultingMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_CoreBenefitsAndInsuranceMember" name="CoreBenefitsAndInsuranceMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_NonCoreBenefitsAndInsuranceMember" name="NonCoreBenefitsAndInsuranceMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ManagedNetworkingAndHardwareServicesMember" name="ManagedNetworkingAndHardwareServicesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_NationalPracticesConsultingMember" name="NationalPracticesConsultingMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_OtherNationalPracticesMember" name="OtherNationalPracticesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_CapitalizedContractPeriod" name="CapitalizedContractPeriod" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_PerformanceObligationsPeriod" name="PerformanceObligationsPeriod" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_IntangibleAssetsIncludingGoodwillGross" name="IntangibleAssetsIncludingGoodwillGross" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_LineOfCreditFacilityMaturityYear" name="LineOfCreditFacilityMaturityYear" type="xbrli:gYearItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_LineOfCreditFacilityTerminationDate" name="LineOfCreditFacilityTerminationDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_TwoThousandAndEighteenCreditFacilityMember" name="TwoThousandAndEighteenCreditFacilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_LicenseBondsOutstandingAmount" name="LicenseBondsOutstandingAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_BaldinoGroupMember" name="BaldinoGroupMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_AltoonaRegionalHealthSystemMember" name="AltoonaRegionalHealthSystemMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_CorporateAndMunicipalBondsNetParValue" name="CorporateAndMunicipalBondsNetParValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_MaturityDateOfBondStartDate" name="MaturityDateOfBondStartDate" type="xbrli:gYearMonthItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_MaturityDateOfBondEndDate" name="MaturityDateOfBondEndDate" type="xbrli:gYearMonthItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FinancialInstrumentsOwnedCorporateDebtPurchases" name="FinancialInstrumentsOwnedCorporateDebtPurchases" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FinancialInstrumentsOwnedCorporateDebtRedemptions" name="FinancialInstrumentsOwnedCorporateDebtRedemptions" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FinancialInstrumentsOwnedCorporateDebtMaturitiesAndCalls" name="FinancialInstrumentsOwnedCorporateDebtMaturitiesAndCalls" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_IncreaseDecreaseInBondPremium" name="IncreaseDecreaseInBondPremium" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FairMarketValueAdjustmentOfBonds" name="FairMarketValueAdjustmentOfBonds" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_DerivativeFloatingInterestRateDescription" name="DerivativeFloatingInterestRateDescription" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_October2020Member" name="October2020Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_February2021Member" name="February2021Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_May2022Member" name="May2022Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_June2023Member" name="June2023Member" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanLiabilities" name="DefinedBenefitPlanFairValueOfPlanLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ContingentPurchasePriceLiabilitiesAtFairValue" name="ContingentPurchasePriceLiabilitiesAtFairValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FairValueMeasurementsInterTransfersBetweenLevels" name="FairValueMeasurementsInterTransfersBetweenLevels" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityChangeInNetPresentValueOfContingencies" name="FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityChangeInNetPresentValueOfContingencies" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ContingentPurchasePricePayableMember" name="ContingentPurchasePricePayableMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationYear" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardExpirationYear" type="xbrli:gYearItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_PerformanceShareUnits" name="PerformanceShareUnits" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsPercentageOfTargetEarningsPerShare" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsPercentageOfTargetEarningsPerShare" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardPerformanceStockOfTotalGrowthInRevenue" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardPerformanceStockOfTotalGrowthInRevenue" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardPerformanceStockPercentageOfInitialGrant" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardPerformanceStockPercentageOfInitialGrant" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToStockOptions" name="IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToStockOptions" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToRestrictedStockAwards" name="IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToRestrictedStockAwards" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_NumeratorAbstract" name="NumeratorAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_DenominatorAbstract" name="DenominatorAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_DilutiveSecuritiesIncludedAndAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" name="DilutiveSecuritiesIncludedAndAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_DilutiveSecuritiesIncludedAndAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" name="DilutiveSecuritiesIncludedAndAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_RestrictedPerformanceSharesMember" name="RestrictedPerformanceSharesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_WennerGroupLLCMember" name="WennerGroupLLCMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_LaurusTransactionAdvisorsLLCMember" name="LaurusTransactionAdvisorsLLCMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_AcquisitionOfClientListsMember" name="AcquisitionOfClientListsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_ClientListPurchased" name="ClientListPurchased" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityIncreaseDecreaseAdjustment" name="BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityIncreaseDecreaseAdjustment" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_NumberOfCommonSharesIssued" name="NumberOfCommonSharesIssued" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_NumberOfBusinessesSold" name="NumberOfBusinessesSold" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_FinancialServicesPracticeGroupMember" name="FinancialServicesPracticeGroupMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_BenefitsAndInsuranceServicesPracticeGroupMember" name="BenefitsAndInsuranceServicesPracticeGroupMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesAbstract" name="CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_OperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm" name="OperatingLeaseRemainingLeaseTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="cbz_OperatingLeasePaymentsToRelatedParties" name="OperatingLeasePaymentsToRelatedParties" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
</xsd:schema>
