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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2022
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Note 13. Income Taxes

Income before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended August 31,

2022

2021

2020

United States

$

47,427

$

40,949

$

43,000

Foreign (1)

36,681

45,550

32,515

Income before income taxes

$

84,108

$

86,499

$

75,515

(1)Included in these amounts are income before income taxes for the EMEA segment of $30.3 million, $38.8 million and $27.0 million for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands): 

Fiscal Year Ended August 31,

2022

2021

2020

Current:

Federal

$

7,487

$

5,871

$

7,267

State

861

1,007

822

Foreign

8,114

10,944

7,139

Total current

16,462

17,822

15,228

Deferred:

United States

6

(1,201)

(619)

Foreign

311

(351)

196

Total deferred

317

(1,552)

(423)

Provision for income taxes

$

16,779

$

16,270

$

14,805


‎

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands): 

August 31,

August 31,

2022

2021

Deferred tax assets:

Accrued payroll and related expenses

$

881

$

1,029

Reserves and accruals

1,178

1,115

Stock-based compensation expense

2,366

2,387

Lease Accounting

642

882

Uniform capitalization

2,657

1,558

Tax credit carryforwards

3,512

3,911

Other

2,548

1,569

Total gross deferred tax assets

13,784

12,451

Valuation allowance

(3,628)

(3,984)

Total net deferred tax assets

10,156

8,467

Deferred tax liabilities:

Property and equipment, net

(4,122)

(1,927)

Amortization of tax goodwill and intangible assets

(14,931)

(15,109)

Lease Accounting

(613)

(856)

Other

(339)

(118)

Total deferred tax liabilities

(20,005)

(18,010)

Net deferred tax liabilities

$

(9,849)

$

(9,543)

The Company had state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $5.3 million and $4.5 million as of August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which generated a net deferred tax asset of $0.4 million and $0.3 million as of August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The state NOL carryforwards, if unused, will expire between fiscal year 2023 and 2042. The Company also had tax credit carryforwards of $3.5 million and $3.9 million as of August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of which $3.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively, is attributable to U.K. tax credit carryforwards, which do not expire. Future utilization of the U.K. tax credit carryforwards and certain state credit carryforwards is uncertain and is dependent upon several factors that may not occur, including the generation of future taxable income in certain jurisdictions. At this time, management cannot conclude that it is “more likely than not” that the related deferred tax assets will be realized. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been recorded against the related deferred tax asset associated with the U.K. tax credit carryforwards and certain state carryforwards.

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended August 31,

2022

2021

2020

Amount computed at U.S. statutory federal tax rate

$

17,662

$

18,165

$

15,858

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits

455

803

853

Net benefit from GILTI/FDII

(2,002)

(1,764)

(1,582)

Benefit from stock compensation

(204)

(1,736)

(1,078)

Other

868

802

754

Provision for income taxes

$

16,779

$

16,270

$

14,805

The provision for income taxes was 19.9% and 18.8% of income before income taxes for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate from period to period was primarily due to an increase in nondeductible performance-based compensation expense.


‎

Reconciliations of the beginning and ending amounts of the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ended August 31,

2022

2021

Unrecognized tax benefits - beginning of fiscal year

$

9,314

$

9,352

Net increases (decreases) - prior period tax positions

-

31

Net increases - current period tax positions

200

254

Expirations of statute of limitations for assessment

(263)

(323)

Unrecognized tax benefits - end of fiscal year

$

9,251

$

9,314

Gross unrecognized tax benefits totaled $9.3 million for both the fiscal years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, of which $9.1 million in both fiscal years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, would affect the Company’s effective income tax rate if recognized. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions included in tax expense was $0.3 million for both fiscal years ending August 31, 2022 and 2021, primarily related to the toll tax liability reserve. The total balance of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions was $1.6 million and $1.2 million for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. Due to expired statutes and closed audits, the Company’s federal income tax returns for years prior to fiscal year 2018 are not subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. The Company is currently under audit in various state jurisdictions for fiscal years 2018 through 2019. Generally, for the majority of state and foreign jurisdictions where the Company does business, periods prior to fiscal year 2018 are no longer subject to examination. The Company has estimated that up to $0.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits related to income tax positions may be affected by the resolution of tax examinations or expiring statutes of limitation within the next twelve months. Audit outcomes and the timing of settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. Income taxes receivable of $5.0 million and $1.9 are recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Income taxes receivable are included in other current assets, which also consists of miscellaneous prepaid expenses and deposits.