10-Q 1 a16-7635_110q.htm 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 0-24206

PENN NATIONAL GAMING, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania |  | 23-2234473
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)

825 Berkshire Blvd., Suite 200

Wyomissing, PA 19610

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

610-373-2400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x |  | Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o |  | Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Title |  | Outstanding as of April 30, 2016
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | 81,537,523 (includes 185,164 shares of restricted stock)

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Forward-looking Statements

This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the use of forward looking terminology such as “expects,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “may,” “will,” “should” or “anticipates” or the negative or other variations of these or similar words, or by discussions of future events, strategies or risks and uncertainties, including future plans, strategies, performance, developments, acquisitions, capital expenditures, and operating results. Actual results may vary materially from expectations. Although the Company believes that its expectations are based on reasonable assumptions within the bounds of its knowledge of its business, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from our expectations. Meaningful factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, but are not limited to, risks related to the following: the assumptions included in our financial guidance; the ability of our operating teams to drive improved revenues and adjusted EBITDA margins; our ability to obtain timely regulatory approvals required to own, develop and/or operate our facilities, or other delays or impediments to completing our planned acquisitions or projects, our ability to secure federal, state and local permits and approvals necessary for our construction projects; construction factors, including delays, unexpected remediation costs, local opposition, organized labor, and increased cost of labor and materials; the passage of state, federal or local legislation (including referenda) that would expand, restrict, further tax, prevent or negatively impact operations in or adjacent to the jurisdictions in which we do or seek to do business (such as a smoking ban at any of our facilities); the effects of local and national economic, credit, capital market, housing, and energy conditions on the economy in general and on the gaming and lodging industries in particular; the activities of our competitors and the rapid emergence of new competitors (traditional, internet, sweepstakes based and taverns); increases in the effective rate of taxation at any of our properties or at the corporate level; our ability to identify attractive acquisition and development opportunities (especially in new business lines) and to agree to terms with, and maintain good relationships with partners/municipalities for such transactions; the costs and risks involved in the pursuit of such opportunities and our ability to complete the acquisition or development of, and achieve the expected returns from, such opportunities; our ability to maintain market share in established markets and ramp up operations at our recently opened facilities; our expectations for the continued availability and cost of capital; the outcome of pending legal proceedings, for example, the ongoing litigation by the Ohio Roundtable addressing the legality of gaming in Ohio; changes in accounting standards; the impact of weather; with regard to our recent Restatement, risks relating the remediation of any material weaknesses and the costs to strengthen our internal control structure, potential investigations, litigation or other proceedings by governmental authorities, stockholders or other parties, and the risks related to the impact of the recent restatement of the Company’s financial statements on the Company’s reputation, development projects, joint ventures and other commercial contracts; the ability of the Company to generate sufficient future taxable income to realize its deferred tax assets; with respect to the proposed Jamul project near San Diego, California, particular risks associated with financing/refinancing a project of this type, sovereign immunity, local opposition (including several pending lawsuits), building a complex project on a relatively small parcel and the receipt of all necessary permits and licenses; with respect to our Massachusetts project, the ultimate location and timing of the other gaming facilities in the state and region; with respect to our social and other interactive gaming endeavors, risks related to ultimate profitability, cyber-security, data privacy, intellectual property and legal and regulatory challenges; with respect to Prairie State Gaming, risks relating to our ability to successfully compete in the video gaming terminal (“VGT”) market, our ability to retain existing customers and secure new customers, risks relating to municipal authorization of VGT operations and the implementation and the ultimate success of the products and services being offered; and other factors as discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, each as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company does not intend to update publicly any forward-looking statements except as required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this press release may not occur.

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PENN NATIONAL GAMING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

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PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income — Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit — Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 | 7
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 | 8
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 21
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 36
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 36
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | 38
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 38
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 38
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 38
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 38
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 38
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION | 38
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS | 38
SIGNATURES | 40
EXHIBIT INDEX | 41

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Penn National Gaming, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | March 31, |  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 214,238 |  | $ | 237,009 |
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,434 and $2,428 at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively |  | 47,029 |  | 45,186 |
Prepaid expenses |  | 65,976 |  | 76,784 |
Other current assets |  | 13,177 |  | 13,497 |
Total current assets |  | 340,420 |  | 372,476 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 2,935,270 |  | 2,980,068 |
Other assets |  |  |  |  |
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates |  | 165,356 |  | 168,149 |
Goodwill |  | 911,942 |  | 911,942 |
Other intangible assets, net |  | 391,149 |  | 391,442 |
Advances to the Jamul Tribe |  | 246,792 |  | 197,722 |
Other assets |  | 137,759 |  | 116,953 |
Total other assets |  | 1,852,998 |  | 1,786,208 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,128,688 |  | $ | 5,138,752 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of financing obligation to GLPI |  | $ | 52,685 |  | $ | 50,548 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | 96,543 |  | 92,108 |
Accounts payable |  | 68,059 |  | 72,816 |
Accrued expenses |  | 94,318 |  | 93,666 |
Accrued interest |  | 8,641 |  | 7,091 |
Accrued salaries and wages |  | 76,451 |  | 98,671 |
Gaming, pari-mutuel, property, and other taxes |  | 52,382 |  | 57,486 |
Insurance financing |  | 8,534 |  | 3,125 |
Other current liabilities |  | 72,661 |  | 82,263 |
Total current liabilities |  | 530,274 |  | 557,774 |
Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Long-term financing obligation to GLPI, net of current portion |  | 3,499,295 |  | 3,514,080 |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities and debt issuance costs |  | 1,597,870 |  | 1,618,851 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 107,300 |  | 107,921 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 43,046 |  | 18,169 |
Total long-term liabilities |  | 5,247,511 |  | 5,259,021 |
Shareholders’ equity (deficit) |  |  |  |  |
Series B Preferred stock ($.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015) |  | — |  | — |
Series C Preferred stock ($.01 par value, 18,500 shares authorized, 8,624 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015) |  | — |  | — |
Common stock ($.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 83,451,574 and 83,056,668 shares issued and 81,284,181 and 80,889,275 shares outstanding, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively) |  | 834 |  | 830 |
Treasury stock, at cost (2,167,393 shares held at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015) |  | (28,414 | ) | (28,414 | )
Additional paid-in capital |  | 992,608 |  | 988,686 |
Retained deficit |  | (1,610,883 | ) | (1,634,591 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (3,242 | ) | (4,554 | )
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) |  | (649,097 | ) | (678,043 | )
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit) |  | $ | 5,128,688 |  | $ | 5,138,752 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Penn National Gaming, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |
Gaming |  | $ | 656,701 |  | $ | 591,336 |
Food, beverage, hotel and other |  | 137,848 |  | 108,763 |
Management service fee |  | 2,473 |  | 1,927 |
Revenues |  | 797,022 |  | 702,026 |
Less promotional allowances |  | (40,571 | ) | (37,888 | )
Net revenues |  | 756,451 |  | 664,138 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |
Gaming |  | 335,317 |  | 294,895 |
Food, beverage, hotel and other |  | 98,079 |  | 77,929 |
General and administrative |  | 116,504 |  | 116,256 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 66,020 |  | 63,369 |
Total operating expenses |  | 615,920 |  | 552,449 |
Income from operations |  | 140,531 |  | 111,689 |
Other income (expenses) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  | (116,512 | ) | (108,346 | )
Interest income |  | 5,240 |  | 1,870 |
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | 4,609 |  | 3,982 |
Other |  | (2,426 | ) | 3,089 |
Total other expenses |  | (109,089 | ) | (99,405 | )
Income from operations before income taxes |  | 31,442 |  | 12,284 |
Income tax provision |  | 7,734 |  | 10,415 |
Net income |  | $ | 23,708 |  | $ | 1,869 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.26 |  | $ | 0.02 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.26 |  | $ | 0.02 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Penn National Gaming, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands) (unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Net income |  | $ | 23,708 |  | $ | 1,869 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment during the period |  | 1,312 |  | (1,716 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 1,312 |  | (1,716 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 25,020 |  | $ | 153 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Penn National Gaming, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit

(in thousands, except share data) (unaudited)

|  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Treasury |  | Additional Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  | Total Shareholders’ |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Stock |  | Capital |  | Deficit |  | Loss |  | Deficit |
Balance, December 31, 2014 |  | 8,624 |  | $ | — |  | 79,161,817 |  | $ | 813 |  | $ | (28,414 | ) | $ | 956,146 |  | $ | (1,635,277 | ) | $ | (1,282 | ) | $ | (708,014 | )
Share-based compensation arrangements, net of tax benefits of $6,379 |  | — |  | — |  | 543,816 |  | 5 |  | — |  | 11,228 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,233 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,716 | ) | (1,716 | )
Net income |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,869 |  | — |  | 1,869 |
Balance, March 31, 2015 |  | 8,624 |  | $ | — |  | 79,705,633 |  | $ | 818 |  | $ | (28,414 | ) | $ | 967,374 |  | $ | (1,633,408 | ) | $ | (2,998 | ) | $ | (696,628 | )
Balance, December 31, 2015 |  | 8,624 |  | $ | — |  | 80,889,275 |  | $ | 830 |  | $ | (28,414 | ) | $ | 988,686 |  | $ | (1,634,591 | ) | $ | (4,554 | ) | $ | (678,043 | )
Share-based compensation arrangements, net of tax benefits of $689 |  | — |  | — |  | 394,906 |  | 4 |  | — |  | 3,922 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,926 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,312 |  | 1,312 |
Net income |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 23,708 |  | — |  | 23,708 |
Balance, March 31, 2016 |  | 8,624 |  | $ | — |  | 81,284,181 |  | $ | 834 |  | $ | (28,414 | ) | $ | 992,608 |  | $ | (1,610,883 | ) | $ | (3,242 | ) | $ | (649,097 | )

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Penn National Gaming, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands) (unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 23,708 |  | $ | 1,869 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 66,020 |  | 63,369 |
Amortization of items charged to interest expense |  | 1,876 |  | 1,505 |
Change in contingent purchase price |  | (1,201 | ) | 351 |
(Gain) loss on sale of property and equipment and assets held for sale |  | (1,101 | ) | 153 |
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | (4,609 | ) | (3,982 | )
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates |  | 7,400 |  | 8,000 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (740 | ) | 18,648 |
Charge for stock-based compensation |  | 1,455 |  | 2,084 |
(Increase) decrease, |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (1,803 | ) | 727 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | (11,579 | ) | (2,742 | )
Other assets |  | 3,039 |  | 6,400 |
(Decrease) increase, |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | (1,951 | ) | 2,887 |
Accrued expenses |  | 648 |  | 4,931 |
Accrued interest |  | 1,550 |  | 6,264 |
Accrued salaries and wages |  | (22,220 | ) | (14,363 | )
Gaming, pari-mutuel, property and other taxes |  | (4,920 | ) | 3,754 |
Income taxes |  | 22,826 |  | (11,738 | )
Other current and noncurrent liabilities |  | (7,065 | ) | (10,081 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 71,333 |  | 78,036 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Capital project expenditures |  | (6,496 | ) | (36,929 | )
Capital maintenance expenditures |  | (14,873 | ) | (11,860 | )
Advances to the Jamul Tribe |  | (51,781 | ) | (16,341 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment and assets held for sale |  | 2,091 |  | 146 |
Investment in joint ventures |  | — |  | (328 | )
Acquisition of other property and equipment |  | (148 | ) | — |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (71,207 | ) | (65,312 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from exercise of options |  | 1,742 |  | 2,743 |
Principal payments on financing obligation with GLPI |  | (12,648 | ) | (12,475 | )
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs |  | 12,214 |  | 45,000 |
Principal payments on long-term debt |  | (23,404 | ) | (21,886 | )
Payments of other long-term obligations |  | (6,899 | ) | — |
Proceeds from insurance financing |  | 9,193 |  | 885 |
Payments on insurance financing |  | (3,784 | ) | (4,314 | )
Tax benefit from stock options exercised |  | 689 |  | 6,379 |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  | (22,897 | ) | 16,332 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | (22,771 | ) | 29,056 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  | 237,009 |  | 208,673 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 214,238 |  | $ | 237,729 |
Supplemental disclosure |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense paid, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | 113,629 |  | $ | 100,179 |
Income tax (refunds received)/taxes paid |  | $ | (12,481 | ) | $ | 226 |

Non-cash transactions: In January 2015, a repayment obligation for a hotel and event center near Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg was assumed by a subsidiary of the Company, which was financed through a loan with the City of Lawrenceburg Department of Redevelopment. This non-cash transaction increased property and equipment, net and total debt by $15.3 million.

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Penn National Gaming, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Penn National Gaming, Inc. (“Penn”) and together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is a diversified, multi-jurisdictional owner and manager of gaming and racing facilities and video gaming terminal operations with a focus on slot machine entertainment. As of March 31, 2016, the Company owned, managed, or had ownership interests in twenty-seven facilities in the following seventeen jurisdictions: Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia and Ontario, Canada.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Penn and its subsidiaries. Investment in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates, that do not meet the consolidation criteria of the authoritative guidance for voting interest, controlling interest or variable interest entities (“VIE”), are accounted for under the equity method. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016. The notes to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 should be read in conjunction with these condensed consolidated financial statements. The December 31, 2015 financial information has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition and Promotional Allowances

Gaming revenue consists mainly of slot and video lottery gaming machine revenue as well as to a lesser extent table game and poker revenue. Gaming revenue is the aggregate net difference between gaming wins and losses, with liabilities recognized for funds deposited by customers before gaming play occurs, for “ticket-in, ticket-out” coupons in the customers’ possession, and for accruals related to the anticipated payout of progressive jackpots. Progressive slot machines, which contain base jackpots that increase at a progressive rate based on the number of coins played, are charged to revenue as the amount of the jackpots increases. Table game revenue is the aggregate of table drop adjusted for the change in aggregate table chip inventory. Table drop is the total dollar amount of the currency, coins, chips, tokens and outstanding markers (credit instruments) that are removed from the live gaming tables.

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue, including racing revenue, is recognized as services are performed. Racing revenue includes the Company’s share of pari-mutuel wagering on live races after payment of amounts returned as winning wagers, its share of wagering from import and export simulcasting, and its share of wagering from its off-track wagering facilities. Advance deposits on lodging are recorded as accrued liabilities until services are provided to the customer.

Revenue from the management service contract for Casino Rama is based upon contracted terms and is recognized when services are performed.

Revenues are recognized net of certain sales incentives in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-50, “Revenue Recognition—Customer Payments and Incentives.” The Company records certain sales incentives and points earned in point-loyalty programs as a reduction of revenue.

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The retail value of accommodations, food and beverage, and other services furnished to guests without charge is included in gross revenues and then deducted as promotional allowances. The estimated cost of providing such promotional allowances is primarily included in food, beverage and other expense.

The amounts included in promotional allowances for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Rooms |  | $ | 9,122 |  | $ | 8,336 |
Food and beverage |  | 29,521 |  | 27,448 |
Other |  | 1,928 |  | 2,104 |
Total promotional allowances |  | $ | 40,571 |  | $ | 37,888 |

The estimated cost of providing such complimentary services for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Rooms |  | $ | 1,197 |  | $ | 936 |
Food and beverage |  | 11,523 |  | 10,833 |
Other |  | 745 |  | 832 |
Total cost of complimentary services |  | $ | 13,465 |  | $ | 12,601 |

Gaming and Racing Taxes

The Company is subject to gaming and pari-mutuel taxes based on gross gaming revenue and pari-mutuel revenue in the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company primarily recognizes gaming and pari-mutuel tax expense based on the statutorily required percentage of revenue that is required to be paid to state and local jurisdictions in the states where or in which wagering occurs. In certain states in which the Company operates, gaming taxes are based on graduated rates. The Company records gaming tax expense at the Company’s estimated effective gaming tax rate for the year, considering estimated taxable gaming revenue and the applicable rates. Such estimates are adjusted each interim period. If gaming tax rates change during the year, such changes are applied prospectively in the determination of gaming tax expense in future interim periods. Finally, the Company recognizes purse expense based on the statutorily required percentage of revenue that is required to be paid out in the form of purses to the winning owners of horse races run at the Company’s racetracks in the period in which wagering occurs. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, these expenses, which are recorded primarily within gaming expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income, were $256.4 million, as compared to $227.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Long-term asset related to the Jamul Tribe

On April 5, 2013, the Company announced that, subject to final National Indian Gaming Commission approval, it and the Jamul Indian Village of California (the “Tribe”) had entered into definitive agreements to jointly develop a Hollywood Casino-branded casino on the Tribe’s trust land in San Diego County, California. The definitive agreements were entered into to: (i) secure the development, management, and branding services of the Company to assist the Tribe during the pre-development and entitlement phase of the project; (ii) set forth the terms and conditions under which the Company will provide a loan or loans to the Tribe to fund certain development costs; and (iii) create an exclusive arrangement between the parties.

The Tribe is a federally recognized Indian Tribe holding a government-to-government relationship with the U.S. through the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Indian Affairs and possessing certain inherent powers of self-government. The Tribe is the beneficial owner of approximately six acres of reservation land located within the exterior boundaries of the State of California held by the U.S. in trust for the Tribe (the “Property”). The Tribe exercises jurisdiction over the Property pursuant to its powers of self-government and consistent with the resolutions and ordinances of the Tribe. The arrangement between the Tribe and the Company provides the Tribe with the expertise, knowledge and capacity of a proven developer and operator of gaming facilities and provides the Company with the exclusive right to administer and oversee planning, designing, development, construction management, and coordination during the development and construction of the project as well as the management of a gaming facility on the Property.

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The proposed $390 million development project will include a three-story gaming and entertainment facility of approximately 200,000 square feet featuring over 1,700 slot machines, 43 live table games, including poker, multiple restaurants, bars and lounges and a partially enclosed parking structure with over 1,800 spaces. In mid-January 2014, the Company commenced construction activities at the site and it is anticipated that the facility will open in mid-summer this year. The Company currently provides financing to the Tribe in connection with the project and, upon opening, will manage and provide branding for the casino. The Company has a conditional loan commitment to the Tribe (that can be terminated under certain circumstances) for up to $400 million and anticipates it will fund approximately $390 million related to this development.

The Company is accounting for the development agreement and related loan commitment letter with the Tribe as a loan (the “Senior Loans”) with accrued interest in accordance with ASC 310, “Receivables.” The Senior Loans represent advances made by the Company to the Tribe for the development and construction of a gaming facility for the Tribe on reservation land. As such, the Tribe will own the casino and its related assets and liabilities. San Diego Gaming Ventures, LLC (a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company) is a separate legal entity established to account for the Senior Loans and, upon completion of the project and subsequent commencement of gaming operations on the Property, will be the Penn entity which receives management and licensing fees from the Tribe. The Company’s Senior Loans with the Tribe totaled $246.8 million and $197.7 million, which includes accrued interest of $18.9 million, and $13.9 million, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Collectability of the Senior Loans will be derived from the revenues of the casino operations once the project is completed. Based on the Company’s current progress with this project, the Company believes collectability of the Senior Loans is highly certain. However, in the event that the Company’s internal projections related to the profitability of this project and/or the timing of the opening are inaccurate, the Company may be required to record a reserve related to the collectability of the Senior Loans.

The Company considered whether the arrangement with the Tribe represents a variable interest that should be accounted for pursuant to the VIE subsections of ASC 810. The Company noted that the scope and scope exceptions of ASC 810-10-15-12(e) states that a reporting entity shall not consolidate a government organization or financing entity established by a government organization (other than certain financing entities established to circumvent the provisions of the VIE subsections of ASC 810). Based on the status of the Tribe as a government organization, the Company believes its arrangement with the Tribe is not within the scope defined by ASC 810.

Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share” (“ASC 260”). Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the additional dilution for all potentially-dilutive securities such as stock options and unvested restricted shares.

At March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had outstanding 8,624 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. The Company determined that the preferred stock qualified as a participating security as defined in ASC 260 since these securities participate in dividends with the Company’s common stock. In accordance with ASC 260, a company is required to use the two-class method when computing EPS when a company has a security that qualifies as a “participating security.” The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. A participating security is included in the computation of basic EPS using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, basic EPS for the Company’s common stock is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stock by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS for the Company’s common stock is computed using the more dilutive of the two-class method or the if-converted method.

The following table sets forth the allocation of net income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 under the two-class method:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net income |  | $ | 23,708 |  | $ | 1,869 |
Net income applicable to preferred stock |  | 2,282 |  | 183 |
Net income applicable to common stock |  | $ | 21,426 |  | $ | 1,686 |

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The following table reconciles the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic EPS to the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Determination of shares: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  | 80,968 |  | 79,400 |
Assumed conversion of dilutive employee stock-based awards |  | 1,448 |  | 2,296 |
Assumed conversion of restricted stock |  | 51 |  | 72 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding before participating security |  | 82,467 |  | 81,768 |
Assumed conversion of preferred stock |  | 8,624 |  | 8,624 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding |  | 91,091 |  | 90,392 |

Options to purchase 2,574,719 shares and 1,561,562 shares were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because they were antidilutive.

The following tables present the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the Company’s common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Calculation of basic EPS: |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock |  | $ | 21,426 |  | $ | 1,686 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  | 80,968 |  | 79,400 |
Basic EPS |  | $ | 0.26 |  | $ | 0.02 |
Calculation of diluted EPS using two-class method: |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock |  | $ | 21,426 |  | $ | 1,686 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding before participating security |  | 82,467 |  | 81,768 |
Diluted EPS |  | $ | 0.26 |  | $ | 0.02 |

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock compensation under ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation,” which requires the Company to expense the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. This expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period following the date of grant.

The fair value for stock options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires management to make certain assumptions. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury spot rate with a term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. Expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price over a period of 5.40 years, in order to match the expected life of the options at the grant date. Historically, at the grant date, there has been no expected dividend yield assumption since the Company has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock since its initial public offering in May 1994 and since the Company intends to retain all of its earnings to finance the development of its business for the foreseeable future. The weighted-average expected life was based on the contractual term of the stock option and expected employee exercise dates, which was based on the historical and expected exercise behavior of the Company’s employees. The Company granted 1,535,823 stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $1.5 million, as compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015, and is included within the condensed consolidated statements of income under general and administrative expense.

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The Company’s cash-settled phantom stock unit awards (“PSUs”), which vest over a period of three to four years, entitle employees and directors to receive cash based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date. The PSUs are accounted for as liability awards and are re-measured at fair value each reporting period until they become vested with compensation expense being recognized over the requisite service period in accordance with ASC 718-30, “Compensation—Stock Compensation, Awards Classified as Liabilities.” The Company had a liability, which is included in accrued salaries and wages within the condensed consolidated balance sheets, associated with its PSUs of $5.7 million and $7.8 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. For PSUs held by Penn employees, there was $16.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost at March 31, 2016 that will be recognized over the grants remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.79 years. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $3.0 million of compensation expense associated with these awards, as compared to $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to changes in stock price year-over-year for both Penn and GLPI awards held by Penn employees. Amounts paid by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2016 on these cash-settled awards totaled $4.4 million, as compared to $5.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

For the Company’s stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), the fair value of the SARs is calculated during each reporting period and estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the various inputs discussed below. The Company’s SARs, which vest over a period of four years, are accounted for as liability awards since they will be settled in cash. The Company had a liability, which is included in accrued salaries and wages within the condensed consolidated balance sheets, associated with its SARs of $9.1 million and $8.0 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. For SARs held by Penn employees, there was $9.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost at March 31, 2016 that will be recognized over the awards remaining weighted average vesting period of 3.06 years. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company recognized $1.9 million of compensation expense associated with these awards, as compared to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to changes in stock price year-over-year for both Penn and GLPI awards held by Penn employees. Amounts paid by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2016 on these cash-settled awards totaled $0.4 million, as compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

The following are the weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for stock option awards granted during the three month period ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively:

|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 1.20 | % | 1.54 | %
Expected volatility |  | 31.22 | % | 36.93 | %
Dividend yield |  | — |  | — |
Weighted-average expected life (years) |  | 5.40 |  | 5.45 |

Segment Information

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, as that term is defined in ASC 280, “Segment Reporting” (“ASC 280”), measures and assesses the Company’s business performance based on regional operations of various properties grouped together based primarily on their geographic locations. The Company’s reportable segments are: (i) East/Midwest, (ii) West, and (iii) Southern Plains.

The East/Midwest reportable segment consists of the following properties: Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races, Hollywood Casino Bangor, Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course, Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg, Hollywood Casino Toledo, Hollywood Casino Columbus, Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway, Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course, and Plainridge Park Casino, which opened on June 24, 2015. It also includes the Company’s Casino Rama management service contract.

The West reportable segment consists of the following properties: Zia Park Casino, M Resort, and Tropicana Las Vegas, which was acquired on August 25, 2015, as well as the Hollywood Casino Jamul—San Diego project with the Tribe, which the Company anticipates completing in mid-summer this year.

The Southern Plains reportable segment consists of the following properties: Hollywood Casino Aurora, Hollywood Casino Joliet, Argosy Casino Alton, Argosy Casino Riverside, Hollywood Casino Tunica, Hollywood Casino Gulf Coast, Boomtown Biloxi, Hollywood Casino St. Louis, and Prairie State Gaming, which the Company acquired on September 1, 2015, and includes the Company’s 50% investment in Kansas Entertainment, LLC (“Kansas Entertainment”), which owns the Hollywood Casino at Kansas Speedway.

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The Other category consists of the Company’s standalone racing operations, namely Rosecroft Raceway, Sanford-Orlando Kennel Club, and the Company’s joint venture interests in Sam Houston Race Park, Valley Race Park, and Freehold Raceway. If the Company is successful in obtaining gaming operations at these locations, they would be assigned to one of the Company’s regional executives and reported in their respective reportable segment. The Other category also includes the Company’s corporate overhead operations, which does not meet the definition of an operating segment under ASC 280 and Penn Interactive Ventures, LLC, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary which represents its social online gaming initiatives and would meet the definition of an operating segment under ASC 280, but is currently immaterial to the Company’s operations.

Management uses adjusted EBITDA as the primary measure of the operating performance of its segments, including the evaluation of operating personnel and believes it is especially relevant in evaluating large, long lived casino projects because they provide a perspective on the current effects of operating decisions separated from the substantial non-operational depreciation charges and financing costs of such projects. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, stock compensation, debt extinguishment charges, impairment charges, insurance recoveries and deductible charges, depreciation and amortization, changes in the estimated fair value of contingent purchase price to the previous owners of Plainridge Racecourse, gain or loss on disposal of assets, and other income or expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is also inclusive of income or loss from unconsolidated affiliates, with the Company’s share of non-operating items (such as depreciation and amortization) added back for its joint venture in Kansas Entertainment. Adjusted EBITDA excludes payments associated with our Master Lease agreement with GLPI as the transaction is accounted for as a financing obligation. Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an alternative to operating income, as an indicator of the Company’s operating performance, as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities, as a measure of liquidity, or as any other measure of performance determined in accordance with GAAP. The Company has significant uses of cash flows, including capital expenditures, interest payments, taxes and debt principal repayments, which are not reflected in adjusted EBITDA.

The Company recently announced a realignment of its reporting structure that will result in certain changes to our reportable segments. We plan on finalizing these changes to our internal management reporting system in the second quarter, which will result in the following three geographic regions: Northeast, Midwest and South/West. The changes in the segment reporting have no effect on the Company’s previously reported consolidated operating results. See Part I, Item 2: “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional details.

See Note 7 for further information with respect to the Company’s segments.

Other Comprehensive Income

The Company accounts for comprehensive income in accordance with ASC 220, “Comprehensive Income,” which establishes standards for the reporting and presentation of comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements. The Company presents comprehensive income in two separate but consecutive statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the only component of accumulated other comprehensive income was foreign currency translation adjustments.

3. New Accounting Pronouncements

In April and March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606). The amendments of ASU 2016-10 clarify the following two aspects of Topic 606: (a) identifying performance obligations; and (b) the licensing implementation guidance. The amendments of ASU 2016-08 relate to when another party, along with the entity, is involved in providing a good or service to a customer. The amendments are intended to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Topic 606. Public entities should apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017, including interim reporting periods therein (i.e., January 1, 2018, for a calendar year entity). Management is currently assessing the impact of the new revenue recognition guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The amendments are intended to improve the accounting for employee share-based payments and affect all organizations that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. Several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions are simplified, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. For public companies, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for any organization in any interim or annual period. Management plans to implement this change in accounting principle in 2017 and does not anticipate a material impact from this new guidance.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). This ASU primarily provides new guidance for lessees on the accounting treatment of operating leases. Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize

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assets and liabilities arising from operating leases on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also aligns lessor accounting with the revenue recognition guidance in Topic 606 of the Accounting Standards Codification. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and is required to be adopted on a modified retrospective basis, meaning the new leasing model will be applied to the earliest year presented in the financial statements and thereafter. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting standard on its financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02 with new consolidation guidance which modifies the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The main provisions of the new guidance include modifying the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities, the evaluation of fees paid to a decision maker or a service provider as a variable interest, and the effect of fee arrangements and related parties on the primary beneficiary determination, as well as provides a scope exception for certain investment funds. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. A reporting entity may apply the new guidance using a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. A reporting entity also may apply the new guidance retrospectively. The adoption of this pronouncement had no impact to the Company’s financial statements.

4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Property and equipment - non-leased |  |  |  |  |
Land and improvements |  | $ | 289,030 |  | $ | 288,910 |
Building and improvements |  | 396,593 |  | 396,497 |
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment |  | 1,308,387 |  | 1,303,153 |
Leasehold improvements |  | 131,760 |  | 129,012 |
Construction in progress |  | 17,700 |  | 9,175 |
|  | 2,143,470 |  | 2,126,747 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | (1,131,767 | ) | (1,093,115 | )
|  | 1,011,703 |  | 1,033,632 |
Property and equipment - master lease |  |  |  |  |
Land and improvements |  | 382,246 |  | 382,246 |
Building and improvements |  | 2,219,018 |  | 2,219,018 |
|  | 2,601,264 |  | 2,601,264 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | (677,697 | ) | (654,828 | )
|  | 1,923,567 |  | 1,946,436 |
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 2,935,270 |  | $ | 2,980,068 |

Property and equipment, net decreased by $44.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 primarily due to depreciation expense, which is partially offset by improvements at Tropicana Las Vegas, and normal capital maintenance expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Depreciation expense, for property and equipment including assets under capital leases, totaled $65.6 million and $63.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015, respectively, of which $22.9 million, $23.2 million related to assets under the Master Lease, respectively. No interest was capitalized in connection with major construction projects for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

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5. Long-term Debt

Long-term debt, net of current maturities, is as follows:

|  | March 31, |  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Senior secured credit facility |  | $ | 1,248,766 |  | $ | 1,259,740 |
$300 million 5.875% senior unsecured notes due November 1, 2021 |  | 300,000 |  | 300,000 |
Other long term obligations |  | 139,759 |  | 146,992 |
Capital leases |  | 28,036 |  | 28,466 |
|  | 1,716,561 |  | 1,735,198 |
Less current maturities of long-term debt |  | (96,543 | ) | (92,108 | )
Less net discounts |  | (669 | ) | (686 | )
Less debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $15.1 million and $13.3 million, respectively |  | (21,479 | ) | (23,553 | )
|  | $ | 1,597,870 |  | $ | 1,618,851 |

The following is a schedule of future minimum repayments of long-term debt as of March 31, 2016 (in thousands):

Within one year |  | $ | 96,433 |
1-3 years |  | 986,625 |
3-5 years |  | 269,340 |
Over 5 years |  | 364,163 |
Total minimum payments |  | $ | 1,716,561 |

Senior Secured Credit Facility

On April 28, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to amend its senior secured credit facility. In August 2015, the amendment to the senior secured credit facility went into effect increasing the capacity under an existing five year revolver from $500 million to $633.2 million and increased the existing five year $500 million Term Loan A facility by $146.7 million. The seven year $250 million Term Loan B facility remained unchanged. At March 31, 2016, the Company’s senior secured credit facility had a gross outstanding balance of $1,248.8 million, consisting of a $580.4 million Term Loan A facility, a $244.4 million Term Loan B facility, and $424.0 million outstanding on the revolving credit facility. Additionally, at March 31, 2016, the Company had conditional obligations under letters of credit issued pursuant to the senior secured credit facility with face amounts aggregating $23.5 million, resulting in $185.7 million of available borrowing capacity as of March 31, 2016 under the revolving credit facility.

Covenants

The Company’s senior secured credit facility and $300 million 5.875% senior unsecured notes require it, among other obligations, to maintain specified financial ratios and to satisfy certain financial tests, including fixed charge coverage, interest coverage, senior leverage and total leverage ratios. In addition, the Company’s senior secured credit facility and $300 million 5.875% senior unsecured notes restrict, among other things, its ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, amend debt instruments, pay dividends, create liens on assets, make investments, engage in mergers or consolidations, and otherwise restrict corporate activities.

At March 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants.

6. Master Lease Financing Obligation

The Company’s Master Lease with GLPI is accounted for as a financing obligation. The obligation was calculated at the inception of the transaction based on the future minimum lease payments due to GLPI under the Master Lease discounted at 9.70%, which represents the estimated incremental borrowing rate over the lease term, including renewal options that were reasonably assured

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of being exercised and the funded construction of certain leased real estate assets in development at the date of the Spin-Off. Total payments under the Master Lease were $111.4 million and $108.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, of which $98.7 million and $96.4 million, respectively, were recognized as interest expense.

7. Segment Information

The following tables (in thousands) present certain information with respect to the Company’s segments. Intersegment revenues between the Company’s segments were not material in any of the periods presented below. The income (loss) from operations by segment presented below does not include allocations for corporate overhead costs or expenses associated with utilizing property subject to the Master Lease.

Three months ended March 31, 2016 |  | East/Midwest |  | West |  | Southern Plains |  | Other (1) |  | Total |
Income (loss) from operations |  | $ | 111,140 |  | $ | 13,833 |  | $ | 60,158 |  | $ | (44,600 | ) | $ | 140,531 |
Charge for stock compensation |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,455 |  | 1,455 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 24,840 |  | 6,205 |  | 10,281 |  | 24,694 |  | 66,020 |
Plainridge contingent purchase price |  | (1,201 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,201 | )
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets |  | 19 |  | 17 |  | (33 | ) | (1,104 | ) | (1,101 | )
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | — |  | — |  | 4,718 |  | (109 | ) | 4,609 |
Non-operating items for Kansas JV |  | — |  | — |  | 2,570 |  | — |  | 2,570 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 134,798 |  | $ | 20,055 |  | $ | 77,694 |  | $ | (19,664 | ) | $ | 212,883 |

Three months ended March 31, 2015 |  | East/Midwest |  | West |  | Southern Plains |  | Other (1) |  | Total |
Income (loss) from operations |  | $ | 90,863 |  | $ | 15,526 |  | $ | 55,385 |  | $ | (50,085 | ) | $ | 111,689 |
Charge for stock compensation |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,084 |  | 2,084 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 25,385 |  | 2,172 |  | 10,782 |  | 25,030 |  | 63,369 |
Plainridge contingent purchase price |  | 351 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 351 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets |  | (122 | ) | 181 |  | 100 |  | (6 | ) | 153 |
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | — |  | — |  | 3,788 |  | 194 |  | 3,982 |
Non-operating items for Kansas JV |  | — |  | — |  | 2,751 |  | — |  | 2,751 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 116,477 |  | $ | 17,879 |  | $ | 72,806 |  | $ | (22,783 | ) | $ | 184,379 |

|  | East/Midwest |  | West |  | Southern Plains |  | Other (1) |  | Total |
Three months ended March 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 437,457 |  | $ | 87,559 |  | $ | 225,235 |  | $ | 6,200 |  | $ | 756,451 |
Capital expenditures |  | 7,843 |  | 6,823 |  | 6,020 |  | 683 |  | 21,369 |
Three months ended March 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues |  | $ | 386,544 |  | $ | 62,585 |  | $ | 210,269 |  | $ | 4,740 |  | $ | 664,138 |
Capital expenditures |  | 38,574 |  | 2,851 |  | 6,448 |  | 916 |  | 48,789 |
Balance sheet at March 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | 1,000,352 |  | 893,898 |  | 1,081,411 |  | 2,153,027 |  | 5,128,688 |
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates |  | 83 |  | — |  | 100,926 |  | 64,347 |  | 165,356 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net |  | 387,474 |  | 158,339 |  | 752,954 |  | 4,324 |  | 1,303,091 |
Balance sheet at December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | 1,036,940 |  | 842,712 |  | 1,098,306 |  | 2,160,794 |  | 5,138,752 |
Investment in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates |  | 84 |  | — |  | 103,608 |  | 64,457 |  | 168,149 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net |  | 387,474 |  | 158,339 |  | 753,345 |  | 4,226 |  | 1,303,384 |

(1) Includes depreciation expense associated with the real property assets under the Master Lease with GLPI. In addition, total assets include these assets. The interest expense associated with the financing obligation is reflected in the other category. Net revenues and income (loss) from unconsolidated affiliates relate to the Company’s stand-alone racing operations, namely Rosecroft Raceway, Sanford Orlando Kennel Club and the Company’s Texas and New Jersey joint ventures which do not have gaming operations.

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8. Income Taxes

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had a net deferred tax liability balance of $107.3 million and $107.9 million, respectively, within its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and are measured at the prevailing enacted tax rates that will be in effect when these differences are settled or realized. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company concluded that as a result of the failed spin-off-leaseback accounting treatment which resulted in a significant increase to its deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance should be recorded on the Company’s deferred tax assets given the significant negative evidence associated with being in or expecting to be in a three year cumulative pre-tax loss position and the insufficient objectively verifiable positive evidence to support the realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets. As of March 31, 2016, we have a valuation allowance only on the portion of the deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized as a result of the negative objective evidence of being in a three year cumulative loss.

The Company calculates the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) to the full year projected pretax book income or loss excluding certain discrete items. The Company’s ETR (income taxes as a percentage of income from operations before income taxes) including discrete items was 24.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to 84.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to a year-over-year reduction to our federal and state valuation allowance coupled with an increase to earnings before income taxes.

9. Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach, and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy are described below:

· Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

· Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

· Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate:

Cash and cash equivalents

The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximates the carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, due to the short maturity of the cash equivalents.

Long-term debt

The fair value of the Company’s Term Loan A and B components of its senior secured credit facility and senior unsecured notes is estimated based on quoted prices in active markets and as such is a Level 1 measurement. The fair value of the remainder of the Company’s senior secured credit facility approximates its carrying value as it is revolving, variable rate debt and as such is a Level 2 measurement.

Other long term obligations at March 31, 2016, included the relocation fees for Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway and Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course and the repayment obligation of a hotel and event center located near Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg. The fair value of the relocation fees for Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway and Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course approximates its carrying value as the discount rate of 5.0% approximates the market rate of

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similar debt instruments and as such is a Level 2 measurement. Finally, the fair value of the repayment obligation for the hotel and event center is estimated based on a rate consistent with comparable municipal bonds and as such is a Level 2 measurement. See Note 5 for further details regarding the Company’s other long term obligations.

Other liabilities

Other liabilities at March 31, 2016 included the contingent purchase price consideration related to the purchase of Plainridge Racecourse. The fair value of the Company’s contingent purchase price consideration related to its Plainridge Racecourse acquisition is estimated based on a discounted cash flow model and as such is a Level 3 measurement. At each reporting period, the Company assesses the fair value of this obligation and changes in its value are recorded in earnings. The amount included in general and administrative expense related to the change in fair value of this obligation was a credit of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and a charge of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values by input level of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2016 |
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 214,238 |  | $ | 214,238 |  | $ | 214,238 |  |  |  |  |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior secured credit facility |  | 1,230,032 |  | 1,241,129 |  | 817,129 |  | 424,000 |  |  |
Senior unsecured notes |  | 296,413 |  | 294,750 |  | 294,750 |  |  |  |  |
Other long-term obligations |  | 139,759 |  | 140,899 |  |  |  | 140,899 |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | 12,614 |  | 12,614 |  |  |  |  |  | 12,614 |

|  | December 31, 2015 |
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 237,009 |  | $ | 237,009 |  | $ | 237,009 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior secured credit facility |  | 1,239,049 |  | 1,251,975 |  | 829,975 |  | 422,000 |  | — |
Senior unsecured notes |  | 296,252 |  | 291,000 |  | 291,000 |  | — |  | — |
Other long-term obligations |  | 146,992 |  | 147,358 |  | — |  | 147,358 |  | — |
Other liabilities |  | 13,815 |  | 13,815 |  |  |  |  |  | 13,815 |

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |
|  | Liabilities |
|  | Contingent Purchase Price |
Balance at January 1, 2016 |  | $ | 13,815 |
Total (gains) (realized or unrealized): |  |  |
Included in earnings |  | (1,201 | )
Balance at March 31, 2016 |  | $ | 12,614 |

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The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in calculating fair value for our Level 3 liabilities:

|  | Valuation |  | Unobservable |  |  |
|  | Technique |  | Input |  | Rate |
Contingent purchase price |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Discount rate |  | 8.30 | %

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Operations

We are a leading, diversified, multi-jurisdictional owner and manager of gaming and racing facilities and video gaming terminal operations. As of March 31, 2016, we owned, managed, or had ownership interests in twenty-seven facilities in the following seventeen jurisdictions: Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia, and Ontario, Canada. We believe that our portfolio of assets provides us the benefit of geographically diversified cash flow from operations.

In 1997, we began our transition from a pari-mutuel company to a diversified gaming company with the acquisition of the Charles Town property and the introduction of video lottery terminals in West Virginia. Since 1997, we have continued to expand our gaming operations through strategic acquisitions, greenfield projects, and property expansions. On June 24, 2015, we opened Plainridge Park Casino, an integrated racing and slots-only gaming facility in Plainville, Massachusetts. On August 25, 2015, we completed our acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas Hotel and Casino (“Tropicana Las Vegas”) in Las Vegas, Nevada. On September 1, 2015, we completed our acquisition of Illinois Gaming Investors, LLC (d/b/a Prairie State Gaming), one of the largest video gaming terminal route operators in Illinois. In addition, we are developing a Hollywood Casino branded gaming facility on the Jamul Indian Village near San Diego, California, which we will manage upon its anticipated opening in mid-summer this year. Finally, we recently implemented our interactive gaming strategy through our new subsidiary, Penn Interactive Ventures, which included launching our HollywoodCasino.com Play4Fun social gaming platform with Scientific Games and our HollywoodSlots.com mobile social gaming platform with OpenWager.

The vast majority of our revenue is gaming revenue, derived primarily from gaming on slot machines (which represented approximately 86% and 84% of our gaming revenue in 2015 and 2014, respectively) and to a lesser extent, table games, which is highly dependent upon the volume and spending levels of customers at our properties. Other revenues are derived from our management service fee from Casino Rama, our hotels, dining, retail, admissions, program sales, concessions and certain other ancillary activities, and our racing operations. Our racing revenue includes our share of pari-mutuel wagering on live races after payment of amounts returned as winning wagers, our share of wagering from import and export simulcasting, and our share of wagering from our off-track wagering facilities.

Key performance indicators related to gaming revenue are slot handle and table game drop (volume indicators) and “win” or “hold” percentage. Our typical property slot hold percentage is in the range of 6% to 10% of slot handle, and our typical table game win percentage is in the range of 14% to 27% of table game drop. Slot handle is the gross amount wagered for the period cited. The win or hold percentage is the net amount of gaming wins and losses, with liabilities recognized for accruals related to the anticipated payout of progressive jackpots. Our slot hold percentages have consistently been in the 6% to 10% range over the past several years. Given the stability in our slot hold percentages, we have not experienced significant impacts to earnings from changes in these percentages.

For table games, customers usually purchase cash chips at the gaming tables. The cash and markers (extensions of credit granted to certain credit worthy customers) are deposited in the gaming table’s drop box. Table game win is the amount of drop that is retained and recorded as casino gaming revenue, with liabilities recognized for funds deposited by customers before gaming play occurs and for unredeemed gaming chips. As we are primarily focused on regional gaming markets, our table win percentages are fairly stable as the majority of these markets do not regularly experience high-end play, which can lead to volatility in win percentages. Therefore, changes in table game win percentages do not typically have a material impact to our earnings.

Our properties generate significant operating cash flow, since most of our revenue is cash-based from slot machines, table games, and pari-mutuel wagering. Our business is capital intensive, and we rely on cash flow from our properties to generate operating cash to satisfy our obligations under the Master Lease, repay debt, fund capital maintenance expenditures, fund new capital projects at existing properties and provide excess cash for future development and acquisitions.

We continue to expand our gaming operations through the implementation and execution of a disciplined capital expenditure program at our existing properties, the pursuit of strategic acquisitions and the development of new gaming properties, particularly in attractive regional markets. Additional information regarding our capital projects is discussed in detail in the section entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures” below.

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Segment Information

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, as that term is defined in ASC 280, measures and assesses the Company’s business performance based on regional operations of various properties grouped together based primarily on their geographic locations. The Company’s reportable segments are: (i) East/Midwest, (ii) West, and (iii) Southern Plains.

The East/Midwest reportable segment consists of the following properties: Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races, Hollywood Casino Bangor, Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course, Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg, Hollywood Casino Toledo, Hollywood Casino Columbus, Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway, Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course, and Plainridge Park Casino, which opened on June 24, 2015. It also includes the Company’s Casino Rama management service contract.

The West reportable segment consists of the following properties: Zia Park Casino, M Resort, and Tropicana Las Vegas, which was acquired on August 25, 2015, as well as the Hollywood Casino Jamul—San Diego project with the Tribe, which the Company anticipates completing in mid-summer this year.

The Southern Plains reportable segment consists of the following properties: Hollywood Casino Aurora, Hollywood Casino Joliet, Argosy Casino Alton, Argosy Casino Riverside, Hollywood Casino Tunica, Hollywood Casino Gulf Coast, Boomtown Biloxi, Hollywood Casino St. Louis, and Prairie State Gaming, which the Company acquired on September 1, 2015, and includes the Company’s 50% investment in Kansas Entertainment, which owns the Hollywood Casino at Kansas Speedway.

The Other category consists of the Company’s standalone racing operations, namely Rosecroft Raceway, Sanford-Orlando Kennel Club, and the Company’s joint venture interests in Sam Houston Race Park, Valley Race Park, and Freehold Raceway. If the Company is successful in obtaining gaming operations at these locations, they would be assigned to one of the Company’s regional executives and reported in their respective reportable segment. The Other category also includes the Company’s corporate overhead operations, which does not meet the definition of an operating segment under ASC 280 and Penn Interactive Ventures, LLC, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary which represents its social online gaming initiatives and would meet the definition of an operating segment under ASC 280, but is currently immaterial to the Company’s operations.

Management uses adjusted EBITDA as the primary measure of the operating performance of its segments, including the evaluation of operating personnel and believes it is especially relevant in evaluating large, long lived casino projects because they provide a perspective on the current effects of operating decisions separated from the substantial non-operational depreciation charges and financing costs of such projects. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, stock compensation, debt extinguishment charges, impairment charges, insurance recoveries and deductible charges, depreciation and amortization, changes in the estimated fair value of contingent purchase price to the previous owners of Plainridge Racecourse, gain or loss on disposal of assets, and other income or expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is also inclusive of income or loss from unconsolidated affiliates, with the Company’s share of non-operating items (such as depreciation and amortization) added back for its joint venture in Kansas Entertainment. Adjusted EBITDA excludes payments associated with our Master Lease agreement with GLPI as the transaction is accounted for as a financing obligation. Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an alternative to operating income, as an indicator of the Company’s operating performance, as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities, as a measure of liquidity, or as any other measure of performance determined in accordance with GAAP. The Company has significant uses of cash flows, including capital expenditures, interest payments, taxes and debt principal repayments, which are not reflected in adjusted EBITDA.

Executive Summary

For the past few quarters, we have begun to see improved customer spending behavior patterns at the majority of our geographically diversified regional gaming properties. Nevertheless, the expansion of recently constructed gaming facilities continues to impact the overall domestic gaming industry as well as our operating results in certain markets.

We operate a geographically diversified portfolio comprised largely of new and well maintained regional gaming facilities. This has allowed us to develop what we believe to be a solid base for future growth opportunities. We have also made investments in joint ventures that we believe may allow us to capitalize on additional gaming opportunities in certain states if legislation or referenda are passed that permit and/or expand gaming in these jurisdictions and we are selected as a licensee. Historically, the Company has been reliant on certain key regional gaming markets (for example, its results from Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races and Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg). Over the past several years, the Company has diversified its operations via new development facilities and acquisitions and anticipates further diversifying its reliance on specific properties in connection with its current development pipeline.

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Financial Highlights:

We reported net revenues and income from operations of $756.5 million and $140.5 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $664.1 million and $111.7 million, respectively, for the corresponding period in the prior year. The major factors affecting our results for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, were:

· The opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015 in our East/Midwest segment, which generated $42.3 million of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

· The acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015 in our West segment, which generated $29.9 million of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

· The acquisition of Prairie State Gaming on September 1, 2015 in our Southern Plains segment, which generated $14.5 million of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

· Net income increased by $21.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the variances explained above, as well as lower income tax provision and higher interest income, partially offset by higher depreciation expense and higher interest expense incurred under our credit facility.

Segment Developments:

The following are recent developments that have had or will have an impact on us by segment:

East/Midwest

· Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg faced increased competition, namely the openings of a racino at Belterra Park in May 2014 and our own Dayton facility in late August 2014.

· Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races faced increased competition from the Baltimore, Maryland market, which includes Maryland Live! and Horseshoe Casino Baltimore, which opened at the end of August 2014, as we have been impacted by their marketing efforts in response to each other. In addition, in December 2013, the license for Prince George’s County, Maryland was granted to MGM. The proposed $1.3 billion casino, which MGM plans to open in the fourth quarter of 2016, is anticipated to adversely impact our financial results as it will create additional competition for Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races.

· On February 28, 2014, the Massachusetts Gaming Commission awarded the Company a Category Two slots-only gaming license for its planned Plainridge Park Casino in Plainville, Massachusetts. On June 24, 2015, the Company opened the facility, which features live harness racing and simulcasting, along with 1,250 gaming devices, various dining and entertainment options, structured and surface parking, and a two story clubhouse with approximately 55,000 square feet.

· A tribal casino is being constructed in Taunton, Massachusetts that could open as early as the summer of 2017. MGM Springfield in Western Massachusetts is expected to be completed in late 2018 and Wynn Everett in Eastern Massachusetts is scheduled to open by the end of 2018. The increased competition in Massachusetts will have a negative impact on the operations of Plainridge Park Casino; however, it should be the sole gaming facility in Massachusetts until at least the middle of 2017.

West

· On April 5, 2013, we announced that, subject to final National Indian Gaming Commission approval, we and the Tribe had entered into definitive agreements (including management, development, branding and lending arrangements) to jointly develop a Hollywood Casino branded gaming facility on the Tribe’s trust land in San Diego County, California. The Hollywood Casino Jamul-San Diego facility is located approximately 20 miles east of downtown San Diego. The $390 million facility is a state of the art development project which will include a three-story gaming and entertainment facility of approximately 200,000 square feet featuring over 1,700 slot machines, 43 live table games, including poker, multiple restaurants, bars and lounges and a partially enclosed parking structure with over 1,800 spaces. In mid-January 2014, we commenced construction activities at the site and in June 2015, we announced the “Topping Out” marking the halfway point of construction. It is anticipated that the facility will open in the middle of the summer later this year. We currently provide financing to the Jamul Tribe in connection with the project and, upon opening, we will manage and provide branding for the casino in exchange for a management fee equal to 30% of the casino’s pretax income, a licensing fee of 1.5% of gross revenues for the Hollywood Casino brand, as well as interest on funds advanced by the Company to develop the project.

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· On April 29, 2015, we announced that we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the Tropicana Las Vegas for $360 million. The acquisition was completed on August 25, 2015. Tropicana Las Vegas is situated on 35 acres of land located on the Las Vegas Strip with 1,467 remodeled guest rooms and suites, a 50,000 square foot casino gaming floor featuring 844 slot and video poker machines and 38 table games including blackjack, mini-baccarat, craps and roulette, three full-service restaurants, a 1,200 seat performance theater, a 300 seat comedy club, a nightclub, beach club and 2,950 parking spaces.

Southern Plains

· On September 1, 2015, we acquired Prairie State Gaming (“PSG”), a leading Illinois video gaming terminal operator. As one of the largest and most respected video gaming terminal route operators in Illinois, PSG’s operations include more than 1,100 video gaming terminals across a network of 270 bar and retail gaming establishments throughout Illinois.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We make certain judgments and use certain estimates and assumptions when applying accounting principles in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The nature of the estimates and assumptions are material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain factors or the susceptibility of such factors to change. We have identified the accounting for long-lived assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, income taxes and litigation, claims and assessments as critical accounting estimates, as they are the most important to our financial statement presentation and require difficult, subjective and complex judgments.

We believe the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our consolidated financial statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our consolidated financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and, in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition.

For further information on our critical accounting estimates, see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. There has been no material change to these estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Results of Operations

The following are the most important factors and trends that contribute to our operating performance:

· Most of our properties operate in mature competitive markets. As a result, we expect a majority of our future growth to come from prudent acquisitions of gaming properties (such as our August 2015 acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas), jurisdictional expansions (such as our June 2015 opening of a slots-only gaming facility in Massachusetts, our planned mid-summer 2016 opening of a Hollywood Casino branded gaming facility on the Jamul Indian Village land in trust which we will manage, the September 2014 opening of Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course and the August 2014 opening of Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway), expansions of gaming in existing jurisdictions (such as the introduction of table games in July 2010 at Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races and Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course, and at Hollywood Casino Bangor in March 2012), expansions/improvements of existing properties (such as a hotel at Zia Park Casino which opened in August 2014) and new growth opportunities (such as our acquisition of Prairie State Gaming, a leading video lottery terminal operator in Illinois, and our entry into the interactive and social gaming business through Penn Interactive Ventures).

· A number of states are currently considering or implementing legislation to legalize or expand gaming. Such legislation presents both potential opportunities to establish new properties (for example, in Massachusetts, where we opened a slots-only gaming facility on June 24, 2015, in Kansas, where we opened a casino through a joint venture in February 2012, and in Ohio, where we opened casinos in Toledo and Columbus in May 2012 and October 2012, respectively, and opened video lottery terminal facilities at two racetracks in Ohio in the third quarter of 2014) and increased competitive threats to business at our existing properties (such as the introduction/expansion of commercial casinos in Kansas, Maryland, Ohio, and potentially Kentucky, Nebraska and Illinois, and the introduction of tavern licenses in several states, most significantly in Illinois).

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· The actions of government bodies can affect our operations in a variety of ways. For instance, the continued pressure on governments to balance their budgets could intensify the efforts of state and local governments to raise revenues through increases in gaming taxes and/or property taxes, or via an expansion of gaming. In addition, government bodies may restrict, prevent or negatively impact operations in the jurisdictions in which we do business (such as the implementation of smoking bans).

· The continued demand for, and our emphasis on, slot wagering entertainment at our properties.

· The successful execution of our development and construction activities, as well as the risks associated with the costs, regulatory approval and the timing of these activities.

· The risks related to economic conditions and the effect of such prolonged sluggish conditions on consumer spending for leisure and gaming activities, which may negatively impact our operating results and our ability to continue to access financing at favorable terms.

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The consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 are summarized below:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |
Gaming |  | $ | 656,701 |  | $ | 591,336 |
Food, beverage, hotel and other |  | 137,848 |  | 108,763 |
Management service fee |  | 2,473 |  | 1,927 |
Revenues |  | 797,022 |  | 702,026 |
Less promotional allowances |  | (40,571 | ) | (37,888 | )
Net revenues |  | 756,451 |  | 664,138 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Gaming |  | 335,317 |  | 294,895 |
Food, beverage, hotel and other |  | 98,079 |  | 77,929 |
General and administrative |  | 116,504 |  | 116,256 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 66,020 |  | 63,369 |
Total operating expenses |  | 615,920 |  | 552,449 |
Income from operations |  | $ | 140,531 |  | $ | 111,689 |

Certain information regarding our results of operations by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 is summarized below:

|  | Net Revenues |  | Income (loss) from Operations |
Three Months Ended March 31, |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
East/Midwest |  | $ | 437,457 |  | $ | 386,544 |  | $ | 111,140 |  | $ | 90,863 |
West |  | 87,559 |  | 62,585 |  | 13,833 |  | 15,526 |
Southern Plains |  | 225,235 |  | 210,269 |  | 60,158 |  | 55,385 |
Other |  | 6,200 |  | 4,740 |  | (44,600 | ) | (50,085 | )
Total |  | $ | 756,451 |  | $ | 664,138 |  | $ | 140,531 |  | $ | 111,689 |

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is used by management as the primary measure of the Company’s operating performance. We define adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, stock compensation, debt extinguishment charges, impairment charges, insurance recoveries and deductible charges, depreciation and amortization, changes in the estimated fair value of contingent purchase price to the previous owners of Plainridge Racecourse, gain or loss on disposal of assets, and other income or expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is also inclusive of income or loss from unconsolidated affiliates, with our share of non-operating items (such as depreciation and amortization) added back for our joint venture in Kansas Entertainment. Adjusted EBITDA excludes payments associated with our Master Lease agreement with GLPI as the transaction is accounted for as a financing obligation. Adjusted EBITDA has economic substance because it is used by management as a performance measure to analyze the performance of our business, and is especially relevant in evaluating large, long-lived casino projects because it provides a perspective on the current effects of operating decisions separated from the substantial non-operational depreciation charges and financing costs of such projects. We also present adjusted EBITDA because it is used by some investors and creditors as an indicator of the strength and performance of ongoing business operations, including our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and operations. These calculations are commonly used as a basis for investors, analysts and credit rating agencies to evaluate and compare operating performance and value companies within our industry. In addition, gaming companies have historically reported adjusted EBITDA as a supplement to financial measures in accordance with GAAP. In order to view the operations of their casinos on a more stand-alone basis, gaming companies, including us, have historically excluded from their adjusted EBITDA calculations certain corporate expenses that do not relate to the management of specific casino properties. However, adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of performance or liquidity calculated in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA information is presented as a supplemental disclosure, as management believes that it is a widely used measure of performance in the gaming industry, is the principal basis for the valuation of gaming companies, and that it is considered by many to be a better indicator of the Company’s operating results than net income per GAAP. Management uses adjusted EBITDA as the primary measure of the operating performance of its segments, including the evaluation of

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operating personnel. Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as alternatives to operating income, as indicators of the Company’s operating performance, as alternatives to cash flows from operating activities, as measures of liquidity, or as any other measures of performance determined in accordance with GAAP. The Company has significant uses of cash flows, including capital expenditures, interest payments, taxes and debt principal repayments, which are not reflected in adjusted EBITDA. It should also be noted that other gaming companies that report adjusted EBITDA information may calculate this metric in a different manner than the Company and therefore, comparability may be limited.

A reconciliation of the Company’s net income per GAAP to adjusted EBITDA, as well as the Company’s income from operations per GAAP to adjusted EBITDA, is included below. Additionally, a reconciliation of each segment’s income from operations to adjusted EBITDA is also included below. On a segment level, income (loss) from operations per GAAP, rather than net income (loss) per GAAP, is reconciled to adjusted EBITDA due to, among other things, the impracticability of allocating interest expense, interest income, income taxes and certain other items to the Company’s segments on a segment by segment basis. Management believes that this presentation is more meaningful to investors in evaluating the performance of the Company’s segments and is consistent with the reporting of other gaming companies.

The reconciliation of the Company’s income from operations per GAAP to adjusted EBITDA, as well as the Company’s net income per GAAP to adjusted EBITDA, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Net income |  | $ | 23,708 |  | $ | 1,869 |
Income tax provision |  | 7,734 |  | 10,415 |
Other |  | 2,426 |  | (3,089 | )
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | (4,609 | ) | (3,982 | )
Interest income |  | (5,240 | ) | (1,870 | )
Interest expense |  | 116,512 |  | 108,346 |
Income from operations |  | $ | 140,531 |  | $ | 111,689 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets |  | (1,101 | ) | 153 |
Charge for stock compensation |  | 1,455 |  | 2,084 |
Plainridge contingent purchase price |  | (1,201 | ) | 351 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 66,020 |  | 63,369 |
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | 4,609 |  | 3,982 |
Non-operating items for Kansas JV (1) |  | 2,570 |  | 2,751 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 212,883 |  | $ | 184,379 |

The reconciliation of each segment’s income (loss) from operations to adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

Three months ended March 31, 2016 |  | East/Midwest |  | West |  | Southern Plains |  | Other |  | Total |
Income (loss) from operations |  | $ | 111,140 |  | $ | 13,833 |  | $ | 60,158 |  | $ | (44,600 | ) | $ | 140,531 |
Charge for stock compensation |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,455 |  | 1,455 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 24,840 |  | 6,205 |  | 10,281 |  | 24,694 |  | 66,020 |
Plainridge contingent purchase price |  | (1,201 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,201 | )
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets |  | 19 |  | 17 |  | (33 | ) | (1,104 | ) | (1,101 | )
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | — |  | — |  | 4,718 |  | (109 | ) | 4,609 |
Non-operating items for Kansas JV (1) |  | — |  | — |  | 2,570 |  | — |  | 2,570 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 134,798 |  | $ | 20,055 |  | $ | 77,694 |  | $ | (19,664 | ) | $ | 212,883 |

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Three months ended March 31, 2015 |  | East/Midwest |  | West |  | Southern Plains |  | Other |  | Total |
Income (loss) from operations |  | $ | 90,863 |  | $ | 15,526 |  | $ | 55,385 |  | $ | (50,085 | ) | $ | 111,689 |
Charge for stock compensation |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,084 |  | 2,084 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 25,385 |  | 2,172 |  | 10,782 |  | 25,030 |  | 63,369 |
Plainridge contingent purchase price |  | 351 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 351 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets |  | (122 | ) | 181 |  | 100 |  | (6 | ) | 153 |
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | — |  | — |  | 3,788 |  | 194 |  | 3,982 |
Non-operating items for Kansas JV (1) |  | — |  | — |  | 2,751 |  | — |  | 2,751 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 116,477 |  | $ | 17,879 |  | $ | 72,806 |  | $ | (22,783 | ) | $ | 184,379 |

(1) Adjusted EBITDA excludes our share of the impact of non-operating items (such as depreciation and amortization expense) from our joint venture in Kansas Entertainment.

Adjusted EBITDA for our East/Midwest segment increased by $18.3 million, or 15.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015 and improved results at our Ohio properties, which together increased adjusted EBITDA by $21.2 million, which were partially offset by decreased adjusted EBITDA at Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg primarily due to continued competition discussed below and the benefit of a $2.0 million property tax refund received in the first quarter of 2015.

Adjusted EBITDA for our West segment increased by $2.2 million, or 12.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015 and improved results at M Resort, partially offset by decreased adjusted EBITDA at Zia Park Casino as low oil prices have continued to affect the economy in this area.

Adjusted EBITDA for our Southern Plains segment increased by $4.9 million, or 6.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Prairie State Gaming on September 1, 2015 and improved results at Hollywood Casino St. Louis, Hollywood Casino Aurora and Argosy Riverside and increased earnings related to our joint venture in Kansas Entertainment primarily due to growth in its market share, all of which were partially offset by decreased adjusted EBITDA at Argosy Alton resulting from flooding during the first quarter 2016, which has resulted in declines in business volumes, and decreased adjusted EBITDA at Hollywood Casino Gulf Coast and Boomtown Biloxi due to new competition.

Adjusted EBITDA for Other improved by $3.1 million, or 13.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to decreased corporate overhead costs of $2.5 million primarily due to decreased cash-settled stock-based compensation charges mainly due to changes in stock price for Penn and GLPI common stock during 2016 compared to 2015.

Revenues

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Percentage |
Three Months Ended March 31, |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | Variance |  | Variance |
Gaming |  | $ | 656,701 |  | $ | 591,336 |  | $ | 65,365 |  | 11.1 | %
Food, beverage, hotel and other |  | 137,848 |  | 108,763 |  | 29,085 |  | 26.7 | %
Management service fee |  | 2,473 |  | 1,927 |  | 546 |  | 28.3 | %
Revenues |  | 797,022 |  | 702,026 |  | 94,996 |  | 13.5 | %
Less promotional allowances |  | (40,571 | ) | (37,888 | ) | (2,683 | ) | 7.1 | %
Net revenues |  | $ | 756,451 |  | $ | 664,138 |  | $ | 92,313 |  | 13.9 | %

In our business, revenue is driven by discretionary consumer spending. The expansion of newly constructed gaming facilities has also increased competition in many regional markets (including at some of our key facilities). We have seen signs of stabilization at the majority of our properties in the past few quarters and have seen low single digit increases in customer spending.

We have no certain mechanism for determining why consumers choose to spend more or less money at our properties from period to period and as such cannot quantify a dollar amount for each factor that impacts our customers’ spending behaviors.

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However, based on our experience, we can generally offer some insight into the factors that we believe were likely to account for such changes. In instances where we believe one factor may have had a significantly greater impact than the other factors, we have noted that as well. However, in all instances, such insights are based only on our reasonable judgment and professional experience, and no assurance can be given as to the accuracy of our judgments

The retail value of accommodations, food and beverage, and other services furnished to guests without charge is included in gross revenues and then deducted as “promotional allowances.” Our promotional allowance levels are determined based on various factors such as our marketing plans, competitive factors, economic conditions, and regulations.

Gaming revenue

Gaming revenue increased by $65.4 million, or 11.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the variances explained below.

Gaming revenue for our East/Midwest segment increased by $45.5 million, or 13.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015 and improved results at our Ohio properties, which together increased gaming revenue by $48.6 million, all of which were partially offset by decreased gaming revenue at Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg, primarily due to the continued impact of competition in Ohio, namely the openings of a racino at Belterra Park, Horseshoe Casino in Cincinnati and our own facility in Dayton.

Gaming revenue for our West segment increased by $5.3 million, or 11.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015, partially offset by decreased gaming revenue at Zia Park Casino as low oil prices have continued to affect the economy in this area.

Gaming revenue for our Southern Plains segment increased by $14.6 million, or 7.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to $14.2 million from the acquisition of Prairie State Gaming on September 1, 2015 and improved results at Hollywood Casino St. Louis and Argosy Riverside, partially offset by decreased gaming revenue at Argosy Alton due to flooding that occurred during the first quarter 2016 and Boomtown Biloxi due to increased competition.

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue increased by $29.1 million, or 26.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the variances explained below.

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue for our East/Midwest segment increase by $6.3 million, or 13.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015.

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue for our West segment increased by $21.6 million, or 101.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Percentage |
Three Months Ended March 31, |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | Variance |  | Variance |
Gaming |  | $ | 335,317 |  | $ | 294,895 |  | $ | 40,422 |  | 13.7 | %
Food, beverage, hotel and other |  | 98,079 |  | 77,929 |  | 20,150 |  | 25.9 | %
General and administrative |  | 116,504 |  | 116,256 |  | 248 |  | 0.2 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 66,020 |  | 63,369 |  | 2,651 |  | 4.2 | %
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 615,920 |  | $ | 552,449 |  | $ | 63,471 |  | 11.5 | %

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Gaming expense

Gaming expense increased by $40.4 million, or 13.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the variances explained below.

Gaming expense for our East/Midwest segment increased by $26.9 million, or 14.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015 and increased gaming taxes resulting from increased taxable gaming revenue mentioned above at our Ohio properties, which was partially offset by a decrease in gaming taxes resulting from decreased taxable gaming revenue mentioned above at Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg and Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course.

Gaming expense for our Southern Plains segment increased by $11.1 million, or 13.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Prairie State Gaming on September 1, 2015 and an increase in gaming taxes resulting from increased taxable gaming revenue mentioned above at Hollywood Casino St. Louis and Argosy Riverside, partially offset by decreased gaming taxes resulting from decreased taxable gaming revenue mentioned above at Argosy Alton due to flooding that occurred during the first quarter 2016.

Gaming expense for our West segment increased by $2.2 million, or 10.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015, partially offset by decreased gaming taxes resulting from decreased taxable gaming revenue mention above at Zia Park Casino as low oil prices have continued to affect the economy in this area.

Food, beverage, hotel and other expenses

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue increased by $20.2 million, or 25.9%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the variances explained below.

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue for our West segment increased by $14.2 million, or 94.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015.

Food, beverage, hotel and other revenue for our East/Midwest segment increased by $3.8 million, or 11.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses include items such as compliance, facility maintenance, utilities, property and liability insurance, surveillance and security, and certain housekeeping services, as well as all expenses for administrative departments such as accounting, purchasing, human resources, legal and internal audit. General and administrative expenses also include lobbying expenses.

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.3 million, or 0.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the variances explained below.

General and administrative expenses for our West segment increased by $6.3 million, or 72.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the acquisition of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015.

General and administrative expenses for Other decreased by $4.3 million, or 16.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to a $1.1 million gain on sale of certain assets held for sale and decreased corporate overhead costs of $3.5 million primarily due to decreased cash-settled stock-based compensation charges mainly due to the changes in stock price for Penn and GLPI common stock during 2016 compared to 2015.

General and administrative expenses for our Southern Plains segment decreased by $2.1 million, or 5.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to lower property taxes at certain facilities.

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Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $2.7 million, or 4.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to the opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015, the acquisitions of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015 and Prairie State Gaming on September 1, 2015, partially offset by decreased depreciation expense at Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo due to three year assets purchased in 2012 for the casino opening becoming fully depreciated.

Other income (expenses)

Other income (expenses) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Percentage |
Three Months Ended March 31, |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | Variance |  | Variance |
Interest expense |  | $ | (116,512 | ) | $ | (108,346 | ) | $ | (8,166 | ) | 7.5 | %
Interest income |  | 5,240 |  | 1,870 |  | 3,370 |  | 180.2 | %
Income from unconsolidated affiliates |  | 4,609 |  | 3,982 |  | 627 |  | 15.7 | %
Other |  | (2,426 | ) | 3,089 |  | (5,515 | ) | (178.5 | )%
Total other expenses |  | $ | (109,089 | ) | $ | (99,405 | ) | $ | (9,684 | ) | 9.7 | %

Interest expense

Interest expense increased by $8.2 million, or 7.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to $4.8 million from higher borrowing levels and interest rates on the Term Loan A and revolver portions of the senior secured credit facility, $2.3 million from higher contingent payments associated with the monthly variable components for Hollywood Casino Columbus and Hollywood Casino Toledo and annual escalator on the financing obligation to GLPI and $0.5 million from a decrease in capitalized interest.

Interest income

Interest income increased by $3.4 million, or 180.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to higher interest accrued on the loan with the Jamul Tribe (see Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details).

Other

Other decreased by $5.5 million, or 178.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to foreign currency translation losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to foreign currency translation gains for the corresponding period in the prior year.

Taxes

The Company calculates the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) to the full year projected pretax book income or loss excluding certain discrete items. The Company’s ETR (income taxes as a percentage of income from operations before income taxes) including discrete items was 24.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to 84.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily due to a year-over-year reduction to our federal and state valuation allowance coupled with an increase to earnings before income taxes.

As of March 31, 2016, we intend to continue maintaining a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets until there is sufficient positive evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. A reduction in the valuation allowance would result in a significant decrease to income tax expense in the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the reduction in our valuation allowance are unknown at this time and will be subject to the earnings level we achieve in 2016 as well as our projected income levels in future periods.

The Company’s annual ETR can vary each interim period depending on, among other factors, the geographic and business mix of our earnings, as well as changes in forecasted earnings, the level of our tax credits and the realizability of our deferred tax assets.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically and prospectively, our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources have been and will be cash flow from operations, borrowings from banks and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities.

Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $71.3 million and $78.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities of $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was comprised primarily of an increase in cash paid to suppliers and vendors of $73.8 million, an increase in cash paid to employees of $24.5 million, an increase in cash paid for interest of $13.4 million and an decrease in cash paid for taxes of $12.7 million due to refunds received in first quarter 2016, partially offset by an increase in cash receipts from customers of $94.2 million. The increases in cash paid to suppliers and vendors, cash receipts from customers and cash paid to employees is primarily due to the opening of Plainridge Park Casino on June 24, 2015 and the acquisitions of Tropicana Las Vegas on August 25, 2015 and Prairie State Gaming on September 1, 2015. The increase in cash paid for interest is primarily due to higher borrowing levels and interest rates on the Term Loan A and revolver portions of the senior secured credit facility and contingent payments on the financing obligation to GLPI and a decrease in capitalized interest for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $71.2 million and $65.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in net cash used in investing activities of $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to increased advances to the Jamul Tribe of $35.4 million and increased capital maintenance expenditures of $3.0 million, partially offset by decreased capital project expenditures of $30.4 million due to the development of Plainridge Park Casino during first quarter 2015.

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities totaled $(22.9) million and $16.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in net cash (used in) provided by financing activities of $39.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to lower proceeds from our long-term debt of $32.8 million, lower tax benefits from the exercise of options of $5.7 million, increased payments on other long term obligations of $6.9 million and increased principal payments of $1.5 million on long-term debt, partially offset by higher proceeds from insurance financing of $8.3 million.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures are accounted for as either capital project or capital maintenance (replacement) expenditures. Capital project expenditures are for fixed asset additions that expand an existing facility or create a new facility. Capital maintenance expenditures are expenditures to replace existing fixed assets with a useful life greater than one year that are obsolete, worn out or no longer cost effective to repair.

The following table summarizes our expected capital project expenditures by segment for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016, and actual expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2016 (excluding licensing fees and net of reimbursements). The table below should not be utilized to predict future expected capital project expenditures subsequent to 2016.

Property |  | Expected for Year Ending December 31, 2016 |  | Expenditures for Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |  | Balance to Expend in 2016 |
|  | (in millions) |
East/Midwest |  | $ | 6.0 |  | $ | 2.1 |  | $ | 3.9 |
West |  | 27.7 |  | 4.4 |  | 23.3 |
Total |  | $ | 33.7 |  | $ | 6.5 |  | $ | 27.2 |

Tropicana Las Vegas was acquired on August 25, 2015 for $360 million. We recently reconfigured the gaming floor with updated slot machines, altered game placements and refined the table game mix. During the coming months, we will be making further enhancements to the facility with a focus on improving the food and beverage offerings. Additionally, in April 2016, we integrated the property into our Marquee Rewards player loyalty program which enables our regional gaming customers to redeem their loyalty reward points at the facility.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we spent $14.9 million for capital maintenance expenditures, with $5.8 million at our East/Midwest segment, $2.4 million at our West segment, $6.0 million at our Southern Plains segment, and $0.7 million for Other. The majority of the capital maintenance expenditures were for slot machines and slot machine equipment.

Cash generated from operations and cash available under the revolving credit facility portion of our senior secured credit facility funded our capital projects, capital maintenance expenditures and the Jamul Tribe project in 2016 to date.

Jamul Tribe

Advances to the Tribe, which totaled $246.8 million at March 31, 2016, is accounted for as a loan in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet and as such is not included in the capital expenditures table presented above. The budget for this development project is $390 million. We expect the project to be completed in mid-summer this year which will include the construction of a three-story gaming and entertainment facility of approximately 200,000 square feet featuring over 1,700 slot machines, 43 live table games, including poker, multiple restaurants, bars and lounges and a partially enclosed parking structure with over 1,800 spaces. The Company has been and will continue to explore other financing options to provide more permanent, lower cost terms for the Tribe.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

On April 28, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to amend its senior secured credit facility. In August 2015, the amendment to the senior secured credit facility went into effect increasing the capacity under an existing five year revolver from $500 million to $633.2 million and increased the existing five year $500 million Term Loan A facility by $146.7 million. The seven year $250 million Term Loan B facility remained unchanged. At March 31, 2016, the Company’s senior secured credit facility had a gross outstanding balance of $1,248.8 million, consisting of a $580.4 million Term Loan A facility, a $244.4 million Term Loan B facility, and $424.0 million outstanding on the revolving credit facility. Additionally, at March 31, 2016, the Company had conditional obligations under letters of credit issued pursuant to the senior secured credit facility with face amounts aggregating $23.5 million, resulting in $185.7 million of available borrowing capacity as of March 31, 2016 under the revolving credit facility.

Financing Obligation with GLPI

As discussed in Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company makes significant payments to GLPI under the Master Lease. As of March 31, 2016, the Company financed with GLPI real property assets associated with eighteen of the Company’s gaming and related facilities used in the Company’s operations.

Covenants

The Company’s senior secured credit facility and $300 million 5.875% senior unsecured notes require us, among other obligations, to maintain specified financial ratios and to satisfy certain financial tests, including fixed charge coverage, interest coverage, senior leverage and total leverage ratios. In addition, the Company’s senior secured credit facility and $300 million 5.875% senior unsecured notes restrict, among other things, its ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, amend debt instruments, pay dividends, create liens on assets, make investments, engage in mergers or consolidations, and otherwise restrict corporate activities.

At March 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants.

Outlook

The spin-off transaction with GLPI will continue to have a material impact on our results of operations, capital structure and management. For a discussion of these impacts, see “Spin-Off of Real Estate Assets through a Real Estate Assets through a Real Estate Investment Trust” and “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Based on our current level of operations, we believe that cash generated from operations and cash on hand, together with amounts available under our senior secured credit facility, will be adequate to meet our anticipated rental obligation, debt service requirements, capital expenditures and working capital needs for the foreseeable future. However, we cannot be certain that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, that our anticipated earnings projections will be realized, or that future borrowings will be available under our senior secured credit facility or otherwise will be available to enable us to service our indebtedness, including the senior secured credit facility and the $300 million 5.875% senior unsecured notes, to retire or redeem the $300 million 5.875% senior unsecured notes when required or to make anticipated capital expenditures. In addition, we expect a majority of our future growth to come from acquisitions of gaming properties at reasonable valuations, greenfield projects, jurisdictional expansions and property expansion in under-penetrated markets. If we consummate significant acquisitions in the future or undertake any significant property expansions, our cash requirements may increase significantly and we may need to make additional borrowings or complete

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equity or debt financings to meet these requirements. Our future operating performance and our ability to service or refinance our debt will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Capital Structure” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for a discussion of the risk related to our capital structure.

We have historically maintained a capital structure comprising a mix of equity and debt financing. We vary our leverage to pursue opportunities in the marketplace and in an effort to maximize our enterprise value for our shareholders. We expect to meet our debt obligations as they come due through internally generated funds from operations and/or refinancing them through the debt or equity markets prior to their maturity.

Future Reportable Segments

The Company recently announced its intention to realign its reporting structure which will result in certain changes to our reportable segments. We plan on finalizing these changes to our internal management reporting system in the second quarter which will result in the following three geographic regions: Northeast, Midwest and South/West. When all the changes to our internal management reporting system are completed, we expect that the historical segment information for each quarter in 2014 and 2015 as well as the first quarter of 2016 will be recast as reflected in the tables included below (in thousands):

|  | NET REVENUES |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Northeast (1) |  | $ | 393,205 |  | $ | 340,794 |  | $ | 298,658 |  | $ | 372,926 |  | $ | 313,471 |
South/West (2) |  | 135,968 |  | 113,906 |  | 111,897 |  | 113,344 |  | 110,215 |
Midwest (3) |  | 221,078 |  | 204,698 |  | 223,571 |  | 208,839 |  | 221,430 |
Other |  | 6,200 |  | 4,740 |  | 6,954 |  | 5,847 |  | 7,030 |
Total |  | $ | 756,451 |  | $ | 664,138 |  | $ | 641,080 |  | $ | 700,956 |  | $ | 652,146 |

|  | NET REVENUES |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Northeast (1) |  | $ | 406,552 |  | $ | 324,335 |  | $ | 385,567 |  | $ | 339,189 |
South/West (2) |  | 118,266 |  | 109,760 |  | 132,609 |  | 109,847 |
Midwest (3) |  | 209,115 |  | 206,345 |  | 210,805 |  | 197,522 |
Other |  | 5,364 |  | 5,500 |  | 4,986 |  | 4,803 |
Total |  | $ | 739,297 |  | $ | 645,940 |  | $ | 733,967 |  | $ | 651,361 |

|  | ADJUSTED EBITDA |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Northeast (1) |  | $ | 122,735 |  | $ | 101,246 |  | $ | 90,157 |  | $ | 112,981 |  | $ | 98,383 |
South/West (2) |  | 34,726 |  | 35,894 |  | 32,802 |  | 34,229 |  | 31,929 |
Midwest (3) |  | 75,087 |  | 70,022 |  | 73,998 |  | 71,412 |  | 72,005 |
Other |  | (19,665 | ) | (22,783 | ) | (16,324 | ) | (23,240 | ) | (15,484 | )
Total |  | $ | 212,883 |  | $ | 184,379 |  | $ | 180,633 |  | $ | 195,382 |  | $ | 186,833 |

|  | ADJUSTED EBITDA |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Northeast (1) |  | $ | 124,880 |  | $ | 96,801 |  | $ | 117,492 |  | $ | 100,095 |
South/West (2) |  | 29,463 |  | 27,573 |  | 29,264 |  | 29,998 |
Midwest (3) |  | 68,910 |  | 65,892 |  | 80,975 |  | 62,647 |
Other |  | (12,991 | ) | (19,771 | ) | (21,405 | ) | (20,710 | )
Total |  | $ | 210,262 |  | $ | 170,495 |  | $ | 206,326 |  | $ | 172,030 |

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(1) Following the realignment of the Company’s reporting segments, the Northeast reportable segment will consist of the following properties: Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races, Hollywood Casino Bangor, Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course, Hollywood Casino Toledo, Hollywood Casino Columbus, Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway, Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course, and Plainridge Park Casino. It also includes the Company’s Casino Rama management service contract.

(2) Following the realignment of the Company’s reporting segments, the South/West reportable segment will consist of the following properties: Zia Park Casino, the M Resort, Tropicana Las Vegas, Hollywood Casino Tunica, Hollywood Casino Gulf Coast, Boomtown Biloxi, as well as the Jamul Indian Village management service contract project.

(3) Following the realignment of the Company’s reporting segments, the Midwest reportable segment will consist of the following properties: Hollywood Casino Aurora, Hollywood Casino Joliet, Argosy Casino Alton, Argosy Casino Riverside, Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg, Hollywood Casino St. Louis and Prairie State Gaming, and includes the Company’s 50% investment in Kansas Entertainment, which owns the Hollywood Casino at Kansas Speedway.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The table below provides information at March 31, 2016 about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations, the table presents notional amounts maturing during the period and the related weighted-average interest rates by maturity dates. Notional amounts are used to calculate the contractual payments to be exchanged by maturity date and the weighted-average interest rates are based on implied forward LIBOR rates at March 31, 2016.

|  | 04/01/16 - 03/31/17 |  | 04/01/17 - 03/31/18 |  | 04/01/18 - 03/31/19 |  | 04/01/19 - 03/31/20 |  | 04/01/20 - 03/31/21 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |  | Fair Value 03/31/16 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 300,000 |  | $ | 300,000 |  | $ | 294,750 |
Average interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.88 | % |  |  |  |
Variable rate |  | $ | 56,011 |  | $ | 68,360 |  | $ | 887,520 |  | $ | 2,500 |  | $ | 234,375 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,248,766 |  | $ | 1,241,129 |
Average interest rate (1) |  | 3.53 | % | 3.59 | % | 3.68 | % | 4.25 | % | 3.65 | % | 0.00 | % |  |  |  |

(1) Estimated rate, reflective of forward LIBOR plus the spread over LIBOR applicable to variable-rate borrowing.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of March 31, 2016, which is the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As described below, management has identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting. As a result of these material weaknesses, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2016 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, evaluated and reported, as applicable, within the time periods specified in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As disclosed in Item 9A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, filed on March 15, 2016, the Company did not maintain effective controls and procedures over the evaluation and accounting of certain complex and non-routine transactions including lease transactions. Specifically, we did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge and experience to challenge our application of GAAP commensurate with the nature and complexity of certain of our transactions to prevent or detect and correct material misstatements in a timely manner. In addition, we did not maintain effective controls and procedures over the calculation of impairment charges for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Specifically, our review controls were not designed with a sufficient level of precision and executed by personnel with an appropriate level of experience to detect material errors in the methodologies used and in the calculation of the impairment charges that were recognized in our consolidated statements.

The Company has initiated a compensating control over the proper application of GAAP to complex and non-routine transactions, which includes the involvement of a third party consultant with relevant knowledge and experience to assist the Company with the evaluation of the accounting for highly technical accounting matters. The Company currently expects to have this material weakness remediated no later than December 31, 2016, once we have obtained sufficient evidence that the newly designed and implemented controls are operating effectively.

With respect to the material weakness over the accounting for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible impairment measurement, the Company designed and implemented additional controls during 2015. This included the involvement of a third party consultant to provide the Company with the appropriate level of expertise to assist in the review of the assessment at a sufficient level of precision. The Company currently expects to have this material weakness remediated no later than December 31, 2016, once we have obtained sufficient evidence that the newly designed and implemented controls are operating effectively.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 — LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are not aware of any new legal proceedings, which are required to be disclosed, or any material changes to any legal proceedings previously described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 .

ITEM 1A — RISK FACTORS

We are not aware of any material changes to the risk factors described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 2 — UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3 — DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4 — MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5 — OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit |  | Description of Exhibit
10.1# |  | Penn National Gaming, Inc. Performance Share Program. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 11, 2016).
10.2# |  | Form of Performance Shares Award Certificate for the Penn National Gaming, Inc. 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 11, 2016).
10.3#* |  | First Amendment to the Penn National Gaming, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan.
10.4#* |  | Second Amendment to the Penn National Gaming, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan.
31.1* |  | CEO Certification pursuant to rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2* |  | CFO Certification pursuant to rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1* |  | CEO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2* |  | CFO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and (vi) the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.

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# Compensation plans and arrangements for executives and others.

* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| PENN NATIONAL GAMING, INC.
May 6, 2016 | By: | /s/ Timothy J. Wilmott
|  | Timothy J. Wilmott
|  | Chief Executive Officer and President

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit |  | Description of Exhibit
10.1# |  | Penn National Gaming, Inc. Performance Share Program. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 11, 2016).
10.2# |  | Form of Performance Shares Award Certificate for the Penn National Gaming, Inc. 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 11, 2016).
10.3#* |  | First Amendment to the Penn National Gaming, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan.
10.4#* |  | Second Amendment to the Penn National Gaming, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan.
31.1* |  | CEO Certification pursuant to rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2* |  | CFO Certification pursuant to rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1* |  | CEO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2* |  | CFO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and (vi) the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.

# Compensation plans and arrangements for executives and others.

* Filed herewith.

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