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Leases | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract] |
Leases | Note 12—Leases Master Leases The components contained within the Master Leases are accounted for as either (i) operating leases, (ii) finance leases, or (iii) financing obligations. Changes to future lease payments that are not fixed within the Master Leases (i.e., when future escalators become known or future variable rent resets occur), which are discussed below, require the Company to either (i) increase both the ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities with respect to operating and finance leases or (ii) record the incremental variable payment associated with the financing obligation to interest expense. In addition, prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease (as defined and as discussed below), monthly rent associated with Hollywood Casino Columbus (“Columbus”) and monthly rent in excess of the Hollywood Casino Toledo (“Toledo”) rent floor as contained within the PENN Master Lease (as defined and discussed below), were considered contingent rent. AR PENN Master Lease Prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease (as defined and discussed below), the Company leased real estate assets associated with 19 of the gaming facilities used in its operations via a triple net master lease with GLPI (the “PENN Master Lease”), which became effective November 1, 2013. The PENN Master Lease had an initial term of 15 years with four subsequent five-year renewal periods on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. On February 21, 2023, the Company and GLPI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the PENN Master Lease (the “AR PENN Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, to (i) remove the land and buildings for Hollywood Casino Aurora (“Aurora”), Hollywood Casino Joliet (“Joliet”), Columbus, Toledo, and the M Resort Spa Casino (“M Resort”), and (ii) make associated adjustments to the rent after which the initial rent in the AR PENN Master Lease was reset to $284.1 million, consisting of $208.2 million of building base rent, $43.0 million of land base rent, and $32.9 million of percentage rent (as such terms are defined in the AR PENN Master Lease). Subsequent to the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the lease contains real estate assets associated with 14 of the Company’s gaming facilities used in its operations. The current term of the AR PENN Master Lease expires on October 31, 2033 and thereafter contains three renewal terms of five years each on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The AR PENN Master Lease along with the 2023 Master Lease (as defined and discussed below) are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The payment structure under the AR PENN Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the AR PENN Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every five years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of all properties associated with the AR PENN Master Lease compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding five years (“PENN Percentage Rent”). As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2023 for the lease year ended October 31, 2023, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.2 million, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $28.7 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2022 for the lease year ended October 31, 2022, the fixed component of rent increased by $5.7 million, additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $3.6 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $44.8 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2021 for the lease year ended October 31, 2021, the fixed component of rent increased by $5.6 million, additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $34.2 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $3.1 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur effective November 1, 2024. The November 1, 2023 PENN Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $4.4 million, which will be in effect until the next PENN Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on November 1, 2028. Upon reset of the PENN Percentage Rent, effective November 1, 2023, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $117.4 million. We concluded the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease constituted a modification event under ASC 842, which required us to reassess the classifications of the lease components and remeasure the associated lease liabilities. We concluded the lease term should end at the current lease expiration date of October 31, 2033 and the optional three renewal terms of five years each were not included in the lease term. The Company continues to evolve from a leading retail gaming operator to a leading provider of integrated entertainment, sports content, and casino gaming experiences. The execution of our omni-channel strategy continues to diversify our earning streams and precluded us from concluding all renewal periods were reasonably assured to be exercised. As a result of the January 1, 2023 lease modification event, we concluded (i) the land components contained within the AR PENN Master Lease, which were previously primarily classified as finance leases under the PENN Master Lease, to be classified as operating leases, and (ii) control of the building assets have transferred from the Company to the lessor allowing for sale recognition in accordance with ASC 842 which results in the building components to be classified as operating leases. Prior to the January 1, 2023 lease modification event, control of substantially all of the building components were concluded not to have passed from the Company to the lessor in accordance with ASC 842 which required recognition of a financing obligation in accordance with ASC 470 and continued recognition of the underlying asset in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In conjunction with the sale recognition on the building components, we (i) derecognized $1.6 billion of financing obligations within our Consolidated Balance Sheets, offset to “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Statements of Operations; and (ii) derecognized $1.1 billion of “Property and equipment, net” associated with the building assets within our Consolidated Balance Sheets, offset to “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of our measurement of the associated operating lease liabilities, we recognized a reduction of the ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $1.2 billion within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease, monthly rent associated with Columbus and monthly rent in excess of the Toledo rent floor were variable and considered contingent rent. Expense related to operating lease components associated with Columbus and Toledo were included in “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations and the variable expense related to financing obligations and finance lease components were included in “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total monthly variable expenses were as follows:
|  |  | For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Variable expenses included in “General and administrative” |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 18.7 |
Variable expenses included in “Interest expense, net” |  |  | 36.4 |  |  | 17.1 |
Total variable expenses |  |  | $ | 37.6 |  |  | $ | 35.8 |
On January 14, 2022, the ninth amendment to the PENN Master Lease between the Company and GLPI became effective. The ninth amendment restated the definition of “Net Revenue” to clarify the inclusion of online-based revenues derived when a patron is physically present at a leased property, established a “floor” with respect to the PNRC Net Revenue amount used in the calculation of the annual rent escalator and PENN Percentage Rent, and modified the rent calculations upon a lease termination event as defined in the amendment. We concluded the ninth amendment constituted a modification event under ASC 842, which required us to reassess the classifications of the lease components and remeasure the associated lease liabilities. As a result of our reassessment of the lease classifications, (i) the land components of substantially all of the PENN Master Lease properties, which were previously classified as operating leases, were then primarily classified as finance leases, and (ii) the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley, which were previously classified as finance leases, were then classified as operating leases. As a result of our measurement of the associated lease liabilities, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $455.4 million. The building components of substantially all of the PENN Master Lease properties continued to be classified as financing obligations. 2023 Master Lease Concurrent with the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the Company and GLPI entered into a new triple net master lease (the “2023 Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, specific to the property associated with Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, M Resort, Hollywood Casino at The Meadows (“Meadows”), and Hollywood Casino Perryville (“Perryville”) and a master development agreement (the “Master Development Agreement”). The 2023 Master Lease has an initial term through October 31, 2033 with three subsequent five-year renewal periods on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The 2023 Master Lease terminated the individual triple net leases associated with Meadows and Perryville. The 2023 Master Lease and AR PENN Master Lease are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The AR PENN Master Lease and the 2023 Master Lease are coterminous, as such consistent with the AR PENN Master Lease, we concluded the 2023 Master Lease term ends at the current lease expiration date of October 31, 2033 and does not include any of the remaining three renewal terms of five years each. (See above lease term discussion for AR PENN Master Lease.) As a result of our lease classification assessment, we concluded all land and building components contained within the 2023 Master Lease to be operating leases. As a result of our measurement of the operating lease liabilities, we recognized ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $1.8 billion. Additionally, in connection with the termination of the prior Meadows Lease and Perryville Lease (both defined and discussed below), we (i) derecognized $171.9 million in ROU assets within our Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) derecognized $165.5 million in lease liabilities within our Consolidated Balance Sheets; and (iii) recognized a $6.5 million loss on the termination which is recorded in “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The 2023 Master Lease includes a base rent (the “2023 Master Lease Base Rent”) equal to $232.2 million and the Master Development Agreement contains additional rent (together with the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent, the “2023 Master Lease Rent”) equal to (i) 7.75% of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for an anticipated relocation of PENN’s riverboat casino and related developments with respect to Aurora (the “Aurora Project”) and (ii) a percentage, based on the then-current GLPI stock price, of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for certain anticipated development projects with respect to Joliet, Columbus, and M Resort (the “Other Development Projects”). The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225.0 million for the Aurora Project and, upon PENN’s request, up to $350.0 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. These funding obligations of GLPI expire on January 1, 2026. The 2023 Master Lease Rent will be subject to a one-time increase of $1.4 million, effective November 1, 2027. The 2023 Master Lease Rent was subject to a fixed escalator of 1.5% on November 1, 2023 and will continue to increase annually thereafter. The Master Development Agreement provides that PENN may elect not to proceed with a development project prior to GLPI’s commencement of any equity or debt offering or credit facility draw intended to fund such a project or after such time in certain instances, provided that GLPI will be reimbursed for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with such discontinued project. The Aurora Project and the Other Development Projects are all subject to necessary regulatory and other government approvals. Pinnacle Master Lease In connection with the acquisition of Pinnacle on October 15, 2018, the Company assumed a triple net master lease with GLPI (the “Pinnacle Master Lease”), originally effective April 28, 2016, pursuant to which the Company leases real estate assets associated with 12 of the gaming facilities used in its operations. Upon assumption of the Pinnacle Master Lease, as amended, there were 7.5 years remaining of the initial ten-year term, with five subsequent, five-year renewal periods, on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The Company has determined that the lease term is 32.5 years. The payment structure under the Pinnacle Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Pinnacle Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance of the properties, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Pinnacle Percentage Rent”). As a result of the annual escalator, effective May 1, 2023, for the lease year ended April 30, 2023, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.7 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $33.3 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of May 1, 2022, for the lease year ended April 30, 2022, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.6 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $33.2 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of May 1, 2021, for the lease year ended April 30, 2021, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.5 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $17.2 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components. The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur on May 1, 2024. The May 1, 2022 Pinnacle Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $1.9 million, which will be in effect until the next Pinnacle Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on May 1, 2024. Upon reset of the Pinnacle Percentage Rent, effective May 1, 2022, we recognized an additional finance lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $26.1 million. On January 14, 2022, the fifth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease between the Company and GLPI became effective. The fifth amendment restates the definition of “Net Revenue” to clarify the inclusion of online-based revenues derived when a patron is physically present at a leased property and modifies the rent calculations upon a lease termination event as defined in the amendment. We concluded the fifth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease constituted a modification event under ASC 842 (collectively with the ninth amendment to the PENN Master Lease, the “2022 Lease Modification”). As a result of the modification, the land components of substantially all of the Pinnacle Master Lease properties, which were previously classified as operating leases, are now primarily classified as finance leases. As a result of our measurement of the associated lease liabilities, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $937.6 million. The building components of substantially all of the Pinnacle Master Lease properties continue to be classified as financing obligations. Lease components classified as a finance lease are recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” and “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method. Other Triple Net Leases with REIT Landlords Morgantown Lease On October 1, 2020, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with a subsidiary of GLPI for the land underlying our development project in Morgantown, Pennsylvania (“Morgantown Lease”) in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits which were utilized to pay rent under the Master Leases, Meadows Lease (as defined and discussed below), and the Morgantown Lease during the year ended December 31, 2020. The initial term of the Morgantown Lease is 20 years with six subsequent, five-year renewal periods, exercisable at the Company’s option. Initial annual rent under the Morgantown Lease is $3.0 million, subject to a 1.50% fixed annual escalation in each of the first three years subsequent to the facility opening, which occurred on December 22, 2021. Thereafter, the lease will be subject to an annual escalator consisting of either (i) 1.25%, if the consumer price index increase is greater than 0.50%, or (ii) zero, if the consumer price index increase is less than 0.50%. All improvements made on the land, including the constructed building, will be owned by the Company while the lease is in effect, however, on the expiration or termination of the Morgantown Lease, ownership of all tenant improvements on the land will transfer to GLPI. We concluded control of the land underlying the Morgantown facility was not passed from the Company to the lessor in accordance with ASC 842. As such we recognized a financing obligation in accordance with ASC 470 and continue to recognize the underlying asset in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method. Perryville Lease In conjunction with the acquisition of the operations of Perryville on July 1, 2021, the Company entered into a triple net lease with GLPI for the real estate assets associated with the property (“Perryville Lease”) for initial annual rent of $7.8 million per year subject to escalation. The initial term of the Perryville Lease was 20 years with three subsequent, five-year renewal periods, exercisable at the Company’s option. The building portion of the annual rent was subject to a fixed annual escalation of 1.50% in each of the following three years, with subsequent annual escalations of either (i) 1.25%, if the consumer price index increase is greater than 0.50%, or (ii) zero, if the consumer price index increase is less than 0.50%. We determined the transaction to be a finance lease arrangement and upon execution of the Perryville Lease, recorded a $102.9 million ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability. As discussed above, as a result of entering into the 2023 Master Lease, the Perryville Lease was terminated effective January 1, 2023. Prior to the lease termination, the land and building components were classified as finance leases. Lease components classified as a finance lease were recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” and “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Meadows Lease In connection with the acquisition of Pinnacle, we assumed a triple net operating lease associated with the real estate assets at Meadows (“Meadows Lease”), originally effective September 9, 2016. Upon assumption of the Meadows Lease, there were eight years remaining of the initial ten-year term, with three subsequent, five-year renewal options followed by one four-year renewal option on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Meadows Lease included a fixed component (“Meadows Base Rent”), which was subject to an annual escalator of up to 5% for the initial term or until the lease year in which Meadows Base Rent plus Meadows Percentage Rent (as defined below) was a total of $31.0 million, subject to certain adjustments, and up to 2% thereafter, subject to an Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Meadows Lease) of 2.0:1. The “Meadows Percentage Rent” was based on performance, which was prospectively adjusted for the next two-year period equal to 4.0% of the average annual net revenues of the property during the trailing two-year period. As discussed above, as a result of entering into the 2023 Master Lease, the Meadows Lease was terminated effective January 1, 2023. Prior to the termination of the Meadows Lease, the land and building components were classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease were recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Margaritaville Lease On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI Properties Inc. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI”) for the real estate assets used in the operations of Margaritaville Resort Casino (the “Margaritaville Lease”). The Margaritaville Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Margaritaville Lease includes a fixed component, a portion that is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% depending on a minimum coverage floor ratio of Net Revenue to Rent of 6.1:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Margaritaville Percentage Rent”). Subsequent to year end, on February 1, 2024, the Margaritaville Lease annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.7 million. On February 1, 2023, the Margaritaville Lease annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.8 million. On February 1, 2022, the annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.9 million. We did not incur an annual escalator for the lease year ended January 31, 2021. On February 1, 2023, the Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $2.3 million which will be in effect until the next Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on February 1, 2025. Upon reset of the Margaritaville Percentage Rent, effective February 1, 2023, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $9.8 million. On February 1, 2021, the Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $0.1 million which was in effect until the February 1, 2023 Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset. Upon reset of the Margaritaville Percentage Rent, effective February 1, 2021, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $5.5 million. The land and building components contained within the Margaritaville Lease are classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Greektown Lease On May 23, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI for the real estate assets used in the operations of Hollywood Casino at Greektown (the “Greektown Lease”). The Greektown Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Greektown Lease includes a fixed component, a portion subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% depending on an Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Greektown Lease) of 1.85:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Greektown Percentage Rent”). In May 2020, the lease was amended to remove the escalator for the lease years ending May 31, 2022 and 2021 and to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the fourth lease year (June 1, 2022). In April 2022, the lease was further amended to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the fifth lease year (June 1, 2023). On April 1, 2023, the lease was amended to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the sixth lease year (June 1, 2024). We did not incur an annual escalator for the lease year ended May 31, 2023. On June 1, 2023, the Greektown Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $1.5 million, which will be in effect until the next Greektown Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on June 1, 2025. Upon reset of the Greektown Percentage Rent, effective June 1, 2023, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $7.0 million. On June 1, 2021, the Greektown Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $4.2 million, which was in effect until the next Greektown Percentage Rent reset, which occurred on June 1, 2023. Upon reset of the Greektown Percentage Rent, effective June 1, 2021, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $4.1 million. The land and building components contained within the Greektown Lease are classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Tropicana Lease Prior to the closing of the sale of PENN’s outstanding equity interest in Tropicana on September 26, 2022, the Company leased the real estate assets used in the operations of Tropicana for nominal cash rent (the “Tropicana Lease”). The term of the Tropicana Lease was for two years (subject to three one-year extensions at GLPI’s option) or until the real estate assets and the operations of the Tropicana were sold. The land and building components contained within the Tropicana Lease were classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease were recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-REIT Operating Leases In addition to any operating lease components contained within the Master Leases, Meadows Lease, Margaritaville Lease, Greektown Lease, and Tropicana Lease (collectively referred to as “triple net operating leases”), the Company’s operating leases consists of (i) ground and levee leases to landlords which were not assumed by our REIT Landlords and remain an obligation of the Company, and (ii) buildings and equipment not associated with our REIT Landlords. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments based on a percentage of sales over specified contractual amounts, rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation, and rental payments based on usage. The Company’s leases include options to extend the lease terms. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Information related to lease term and discount rate was as follows:
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term |  |  |
Operating leases | 11.2 years |  | 19.1 years
Finance leases | 27.3 years |  | 26.7 years
Financing obligations | 27.6 years |  | 27.5 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate |  |  |
Operating leases | 7.7 | % |  | 5.8 | %
Finance leases | 5.2 | % |  | 5.2 | %
Financing obligations | 5.2 | % |  | 7.7 | %
The components of lease expense were as follows:
| Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations |  | For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Operating Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rent expense associated with triple net operating leases (1) | General and administrative |  | $ | 591.1 |  |  | $ | 149.6 |  |  | $ | 454.4 |
Operating lease cost (2) | Primarily General and administrative |  | 22.4 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 16.6 |
Short-term lease cost | Primarily Gaming expense |  | 81.2 |  |  | 74.6 |  |  | 64.9 |
Variable lease cost (2) | Primarily Gaming expense |  | 3.6 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.3 |
Total |  |  | $ | 698.3 |  |  | $ | 248.2 |  |  | $ | 540.2 |
Finance Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on lease liabilities (3) | Interest expense, net |  | $ | 110.6 |  |  | $ | 258.4 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |
Amortization of ROU assets (3) | Depreciation and amortization |  | 87.5 |  |  | 181.6 |  |  | 10.6 |
Total |  |  | $ | 198.1 |  |  | $ | 440.0 |  |  | $ | 27.8 |
Financing Obligation Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on financing obligations (4) | Interest expense, net |  | $ | 146.6 |  |  | $ | 347.0 |  |  | $ | 416.9 |
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the following operating leases: (i) AR PENN Master Lease; (ii) 2023 Master Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; and (iv) Greektown Lease. For the year ended December 31, 2022, pertains to the operating lease components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (specific to the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley); (ii) Meadows Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; (iv) Greektown Lease; and (v) Tropicana Lease (which terminated on September 26, 2022). For the year ended December 31, 2021, pertains to the operating lease components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (specific to the land, inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo); (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease (specific to the land); (iii) Meadows Lease; (iv) Margaritaville Lease; (v) Greektown Lease; and (vi) Tropicana Lease. (2)Excludes the operating lease costs and variable lease costs pertaining to our triple net leases with our REIT landlords classified as operating leases, discussed in footnote (1) above. (3)For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the Pinnacle Master Lease (land). For the year ended December 31, 2022, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the (i) PENN Master Lease; (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease; and (iii) Perryville Lease. The finance lease components contained within the PENN Master Lease and the Pinnacle Master Lease primarily consisted of the land, inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo. For the year ended December 31, 2021, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the (i) PENN Master Lease; and (ii) Perryville Lease (effective July 1, 2021). The finance lease components contained within the PENN Master Lease consisted of the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley. (4) For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the components contained within the Pinnacle Master Lease (buildings) and the Morgantown Lease. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, pertains to the components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (primarily buildings) inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo for the financing obligation components; (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease (buildings); and (iii) Morgantown Lease. Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
| For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | 110.6 |  |  | $ | 258.4 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 609.9 |  |  | $ | 163.2 |  |  | $ | 428.3 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | 47.1 |  |  | $ | 110.5 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |
Non-cash lease activities: |  |  |  |  |
Commencement of operating leases | $ | 3,820.4 |  |  | $ | 58.5 |  |  | $ | 96.4 |
Derecognition of operating lease liabilities | $ | 307.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commencement of finance leases | $ | 33.3 |  |  | $ | 1,462.1 |  |  | $ | 106.1 |
Derecognition of finance lease liabilities | $ | 2,933.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derecognition of finance obligations | $ | 1,567.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total payments made under the Triple Net Leases were as follows:
| For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
AR PENN Master Lease | $ | 284.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2023 Master Lease | 232.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PENN Master Lease | — |  |  | 480.3 |  |  | 475.7 |
Pinnacle Master Lease | 339.4 |  |  | 334.1 |  |  | 328.3 |
Perryville Lease | — |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 3.9 |
Meadows Lease | — |  |  | 24.6 |  |  | 24.9 |
Margaritaville Lease | 26.2 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 23.5 |
Greektown Lease | 52.2 |  |  | 51.3 |  |  | 53.1 |
Morgantown Lease | 3.1 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.0 |
Total (1) | $ | 937.8 |  |  | $ | 925.0 |  |  | $ | 912.4 |
(1)For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, rent payable under the Tropicana Lease was nominal. Therefore, it has been excluded from the table above. The Tropicana Lease was terminated on September 26, 2022. The classification of lease ROU assets was as follows:
| December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022
Lease ROU assets |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 4,264.7 |  |  | $ | 1,068.4 |
Finance leases | 2,041.0 |  |  | 5,034.9 |
Total | $ | 6,305.7 |  |  | $ | 6,103.3 |
The following is a maturity analysis of our operating leases, finance leases, and financing obligations as of December 31, 2023:
(in millions) | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases |  | Financing Obligations
Years ending December 31: |  |  |  |  |
2024 | $ | 617.9 |  |  | $ | 149.3 |  |  | $ | 166.5 |
2025 | 611.1 |  |  | 144.7 |  |  | 166.5 |
2026 | 611.8 |  |  | 144.7 |  |  | 166.6 |
2027 | 614.5 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 166.5 |
2028 | 613.6 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 166.6 |
Thereafter | 3,318.6 |  |  | 3,222.4 |  |  | 3,829.5 |
Total lease payments | 6,387.5 |  |  | 3,950.3 |  |  | 4,662.2 |
Less: Imputed interest | (2,141.1) |  |  | (1,847.5) |  |  | (2,234.8) |
Present value of future lease payments | 4,246.4 |  |  | 2,102.8 |  |  | 2,427.4 |
Less: Current portion of lease obligations | (302.3) |  |  | (40.3) |  |  | (41.3) |
Long-term portion of lease obligations | $ | 3,944.1 |  |  | $ | 2,062.5 |  |  | $ | 2,386.1 |
Lessor The Company leases its hotel rooms to patrons and records the corresponding lessor revenue in “Food, beverage, hotel, and other revenues” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized $247.3 million, $262.0 million, and $231.1 million of lessor revenues related to the rental of hotel rooms, respectively. Hotel leasing arrangements vary in duration but are short-term in nature. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment associated with hotel rooms is included in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Leases | Note 12—Leases Master Leases The components contained within the Master Leases are accounted for as either (i) operating leases, (ii) finance leases, or (iii) financing obligations. Changes to future lease payments that are not fixed within the Master Leases (i.e., when future escalators become known or future variable rent resets occur), which are discussed below, require the Company to either (i) increase both the ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities with respect to operating and finance leases or (ii) record the incremental variable payment associated with the financing obligation to interest expense. In addition, prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease (as defined and as discussed below), monthly rent associated with Hollywood Casino Columbus (“Columbus”) and monthly rent in excess of the Hollywood Casino Toledo (“Toledo”) rent floor as contained within the PENN Master Lease (as defined and discussed below), were considered contingent rent. AR PENN Master Lease Prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease (as defined and discussed below), the Company leased real estate assets associated with 19 of the gaming facilities used in its operations via a triple net master lease with GLPI (the “PENN Master Lease”), which became effective November 1, 2013. The PENN Master Lease had an initial term of 15 years with four subsequent five-year renewal periods on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. On February 21, 2023, the Company and GLPI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the PENN Master Lease (the “AR PENN Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, to (i) remove the land and buildings for Hollywood Casino Aurora (“Aurora”), Hollywood Casino Joliet (“Joliet”), Columbus, Toledo, and the M Resort Spa Casino (“M Resort”), and (ii) make associated adjustments to the rent after which the initial rent in the AR PENN Master Lease was reset to $284.1 million, consisting of $208.2 million of building base rent, $43.0 million of land base rent, and $32.9 million of percentage rent (as such terms are defined in the AR PENN Master Lease). Subsequent to the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the lease contains real estate assets associated with 14 of the Company’s gaming facilities used in its operations. The current term of the AR PENN Master Lease expires on October 31, 2033 and thereafter contains three renewal terms of five years each on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The AR PENN Master Lease along with the 2023 Master Lease (as defined and discussed below) are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The payment structure under the AR PENN Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the AR PENN Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every five years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of all properties associated with the AR PENN Master Lease compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding five years (“PENN Percentage Rent”). As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2023 for the lease year ended October 31, 2023, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.2 million, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $28.7 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2022 for the lease year ended October 31, 2022, the fixed component of rent increased by $5.7 million, additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $3.6 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $44.8 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2021 for the lease year ended October 31, 2021, the fixed component of rent increased by $5.6 million, additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $34.2 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $3.1 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur effective November 1, 2024. The November 1, 2023 PENN Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $4.4 million, which will be in effect until the next PENN Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on November 1, 2028. Upon reset of the PENN Percentage Rent, effective November 1, 2023, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $117.4 million. We concluded the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease constituted a modification event under ASC 842, which required us to reassess the classifications of the lease components and remeasure the associated lease liabilities. We concluded the lease term should end at the current lease expiration date of October 31, 2033 and the optional three renewal terms of five years each were not included in the lease term. The Company continues to evolve from a leading retail gaming operator to a leading provider of integrated entertainment, sports content, and casino gaming experiences. The execution of our omni-channel strategy continues to diversify our earning streams and precluded us from concluding all renewal periods were reasonably assured to be exercised. As a result of the January 1, 2023 lease modification event, we concluded (i) the land components contained within the AR PENN Master Lease, which were previously primarily classified as finance leases under the PENN Master Lease, to be classified as operating leases, and (ii) control of the building assets have transferred from the Company to the lessor allowing for sale recognition in accordance with ASC 842 which results in the building components to be classified as operating leases. Prior to the January 1, 2023 lease modification event, control of substantially all of the building components were concluded not to have passed from the Company to the lessor in accordance with ASC 842 which required recognition of a financing obligation in accordance with ASC 470 and continued recognition of the underlying asset in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In conjunction with the sale recognition on the building components, we (i) derecognized $1.6 billion of financing obligations within our Consolidated Balance Sheets, offset to “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Statements of Operations; and (ii) derecognized $1.1 billion of “Property and equipment, net” associated with the building assets within our Consolidated Balance Sheets, offset to “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of our measurement of the associated operating lease liabilities, we recognized a reduction of the ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $1.2 billion within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease, monthly rent associated with Columbus and monthly rent in excess of the Toledo rent floor were variable and considered contingent rent. Expense related to operating lease components associated with Columbus and Toledo were included in “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations and the variable expense related to financing obligations and finance lease components were included in “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total monthly variable expenses were as follows:
|  |  | For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Variable expenses included in “General and administrative” |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 18.7 |
Variable expenses included in “Interest expense, net” |  |  | 36.4 |  |  | 17.1 |
Total variable expenses |  |  | $ | 37.6 |  |  | $ | 35.8 |
On January 14, 2022, the ninth amendment to the PENN Master Lease between the Company and GLPI became effective. The ninth amendment restated the definition of “Net Revenue” to clarify the inclusion of online-based revenues derived when a patron is physically present at a leased property, established a “floor” with respect to the PNRC Net Revenue amount used in the calculation of the annual rent escalator and PENN Percentage Rent, and modified the rent calculations upon a lease termination event as defined in the amendment. We concluded the ninth amendment constituted a modification event under ASC 842, which required us to reassess the classifications of the lease components and remeasure the associated lease liabilities. As a result of our reassessment of the lease classifications, (i) the land components of substantially all of the PENN Master Lease properties, which were previously classified as operating leases, were then primarily classified as finance leases, and (ii) the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley, which were previously classified as finance leases, were then classified as operating leases. As a result of our measurement of the associated lease liabilities, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $455.4 million. The building components of substantially all of the PENN Master Lease properties continued to be classified as financing obligations. 2023 Master Lease Concurrent with the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the Company and GLPI entered into a new triple net master lease (the “2023 Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, specific to the property associated with Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, M Resort, Hollywood Casino at The Meadows (“Meadows”), and Hollywood Casino Perryville (“Perryville”) and a master development agreement (the “Master Development Agreement”). The 2023 Master Lease has an initial term through October 31, 2033 with three subsequent five-year renewal periods on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The 2023 Master Lease terminated the individual triple net leases associated with Meadows and Perryville. The 2023 Master Lease and AR PENN Master Lease are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The AR PENN Master Lease and the 2023 Master Lease are coterminous, as such consistent with the AR PENN Master Lease, we concluded the 2023 Master Lease term ends at the current lease expiration date of October 31, 2033 and does not include any of the remaining three renewal terms of five years each. (See above lease term discussion for AR PENN Master Lease.) As a result of our lease classification assessment, we concluded all land and building components contained within the 2023 Master Lease to be operating leases. As a result of our measurement of the operating lease liabilities, we recognized ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $1.8 billion. Additionally, in connection with the termination of the prior Meadows Lease and Perryville Lease (both defined and discussed below), we (i) derecognized $171.9 million in ROU assets within our Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) derecognized $165.5 million in lease liabilities within our Consolidated Balance Sheets; and (iii) recognized a $6.5 million loss on the termination which is recorded in “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The 2023 Master Lease includes a base rent (the “2023 Master Lease Base Rent”) equal to $232.2 million and the Master Development Agreement contains additional rent (together with the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent, the “2023 Master Lease Rent”) equal to (i) 7.75% of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for an anticipated relocation of PENN’s riverboat casino and related developments with respect to Aurora (the “Aurora Project”) and (ii) a percentage, based on the then-current GLPI stock price, of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for certain anticipated development projects with respect to Joliet, Columbus, and M Resort (the “Other Development Projects”). The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225.0 million for the Aurora Project and, upon PENN’s request, up to $350.0 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. These funding obligations of GLPI expire on January 1, 2026. The 2023 Master Lease Rent will be subject to a one-time increase of $1.4 million, effective November 1, 2027. The 2023 Master Lease Rent was subject to a fixed escalator of 1.5% on November 1, 2023 and will continue to increase annually thereafter. The Master Development Agreement provides that PENN may elect not to proceed with a development project prior to GLPI’s commencement of any equity or debt offering or credit facility draw intended to fund such a project or after such time in certain instances, provided that GLPI will be reimbursed for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with such discontinued project. The Aurora Project and the Other Development Projects are all subject to necessary regulatory and other government approvals. Pinnacle Master Lease In connection with the acquisition of Pinnacle on October 15, 2018, the Company assumed a triple net master lease with GLPI (the “Pinnacle Master Lease”), originally effective April 28, 2016, pursuant to which the Company leases real estate assets associated with 12 of the gaming facilities used in its operations. Upon assumption of the Pinnacle Master Lease, as amended, there were 7.5 years remaining of the initial ten-year term, with five subsequent, five-year renewal periods, on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The Company has determined that the lease term is 32.5 years. The payment structure under the Pinnacle Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Pinnacle Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance of the properties, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Pinnacle Percentage Rent”). As a result of the annual escalator, effective May 1, 2023, for the lease year ended April 30, 2023, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.7 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $33.3 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of May 1, 2022, for the lease year ended April 30, 2022, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.6 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $33.2 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of May 1, 2021, for the lease year ended April 30, 2021, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.5 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $17.2 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components. The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur on May 1, 2024. The May 1, 2022 Pinnacle Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $1.9 million, which will be in effect until the next Pinnacle Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on May 1, 2024. Upon reset of the Pinnacle Percentage Rent, effective May 1, 2022, we recognized an additional finance lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $26.1 million. On January 14, 2022, the fifth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease between the Company and GLPI became effective. The fifth amendment restates the definition of “Net Revenue” to clarify the inclusion of online-based revenues derived when a patron is physically present at a leased property and modifies the rent calculations upon a lease termination event as defined in the amendment. We concluded the fifth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease constituted a modification event under ASC 842 (collectively with the ninth amendment to the PENN Master Lease, the “2022 Lease Modification”). As a result of the modification, the land components of substantially all of the Pinnacle Master Lease properties, which were previously classified as operating leases, are now primarily classified as finance leases. As a result of our measurement of the associated lease liabilities, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $937.6 million. The building components of substantially all of the Pinnacle Master Lease properties continue to be classified as financing obligations. Lease components classified as a finance lease are recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” and “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method. Other Triple Net Leases with REIT Landlords Morgantown Lease On October 1, 2020, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with a subsidiary of GLPI for the land underlying our development project in Morgantown, Pennsylvania (“Morgantown Lease”) in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits which were utilized to pay rent under the Master Leases, Meadows Lease (as defined and discussed below), and the Morgantown Lease during the year ended December 31, 2020. The initial term of the Morgantown Lease is 20 years with six subsequent, five-year renewal periods, exercisable at the Company’s option. Initial annual rent under the Morgantown Lease is $3.0 million, subject to a 1.50% fixed annual escalation in each of the first three years subsequent to the facility opening, which occurred on December 22, 2021. Thereafter, the lease will be subject to an annual escalator consisting of either (i) 1.25%, if the consumer price index increase is greater than 0.50%, or (ii) zero, if the consumer price index increase is less than 0.50%. All improvements made on the land, including the constructed building, will be owned by the Company while the lease is in effect, however, on the expiration or termination of the Morgantown Lease, ownership of all tenant improvements on the land will transfer to GLPI. We concluded control of the land underlying the Morgantown facility was not passed from the Company to the lessor in accordance with ASC 842. As such we recognized a financing obligation in accordance with ASC 470 and continue to recognize the underlying asset in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method. Perryville Lease In conjunction with the acquisition of the operations of Perryville on July 1, 2021, the Company entered into a triple net lease with GLPI for the real estate assets associated with the property (“Perryville Lease”) for initial annual rent of $7.8 million per year subject to escalation. The initial term of the Perryville Lease was 20 years with three subsequent, five-year renewal periods, exercisable at the Company’s option. The building portion of the annual rent was subject to a fixed annual escalation of 1.50% in each of the following three years, with subsequent annual escalations of either (i) 1.25%, if the consumer price index increase is greater than 0.50%, or (ii) zero, if the consumer price index increase is less than 0.50%. We determined the transaction to be a finance lease arrangement and upon execution of the Perryville Lease, recorded a $102.9 million ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability. As discussed above, as a result of entering into the 2023 Master Lease, the Perryville Lease was terminated effective January 1, 2023. Prior to the lease termination, the land and building components were classified as finance leases. Lease components classified as a finance lease were recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” and “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Meadows Lease In connection with the acquisition of Pinnacle, we assumed a triple net operating lease associated with the real estate assets at Meadows (“Meadows Lease”), originally effective September 9, 2016. Upon assumption of the Meadows Lease, there were eight years remaining of the initial ten-year term, with three subsequent, five-year renewal options followed by one four-year renewal option on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Meadows Lease included a fixed component (“Meadows Base Rent”), which was subject to an annual escalator of up to 5% for the initial term or until the lease year in which Meadows Base Rent plus Meadows Percentage Rent (as defined below) was a total of $31.0 million, subject to certain adjustments, and up to 2% thereafter, subject to an Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Meadows Lease) of 2.0:1. The “Meadows Percentage Rent” was based on performance, which was prospectively adjusted for the next two-year period equal to 4.0% of the average annual net revenues of the property during the trailing two-year period. As discussed above, as a result of entering into the 2023 Master Lease, the Meadows Lease was terminated effective January 1, 2023. Prior to the termination of the Meadows Lease, the land and building components were classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease were recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Margaritaville Lease On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI Properties Inc. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI”) for the real estate assets used in the operations of Margaritaville Resort Casino (the “Margaritaville Lease”). The Margaritaville Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Margaritaville Lease includes a fixed component, a portion that is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% depending on a minimum coverage floor ratio of Net Revenue to Rent of 6.1:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Margaritaville Percentage Rent”). Subsequent to year end, on February 1, 2024, the Margaritaville Lease annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.7 million. On February 1, 2023, the Margaritaville Lease annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.8 million. On February 1, 2022, the annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.9 million. We did not incur an annual escalator for the lease year ended January 31, 2021. On February 1, 2023, the Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $2.3 million which will be in effect until the next Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on February 1, 2025. Upon reset of the Margaritaville Percentage Rent, effective February 1, 2023, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $9.8 million. On February 1, 2021, the Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $0.1 million which was in effect until the February 1, 2023 Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset. Upon reset of the Margaritaville Percentage Rent, effective February 1, 2021, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $5.5 million. The land and building components contained within the Margaritaville Lease are classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Greektown Lease On May 23, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI for the real estate assets used in the operations of Hollywood Casino at Greektown (the “Greektown Lease”). The Greektown Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Greektown Lease includes a fixed component, a portion subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% depending on an Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Greektown Lease) of 1.85:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Greektown Percentage Rent”). In May 2020, the lease was amended to remove the escalator for the lease years ending May 31, 2022 and 2021 and to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the fourth lease year (June 1, 2022). In April 2022, the lease was further amended to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the fifth lease year (June 1, 2023). On April 1, 2023, the lease was amended to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the sixth lease year (June 1, 2024). We did not incur an annual escalator for the lease year ended May 31, 2023. On June 1, 2023, the Greektown Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $1.5 million, which will be in effect until the next Greektown Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on June 1, 2025. Upon reset of the Greektown Percentage Rent, effective June 1, 2023, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $7.0 million. On June 1, 2021, the Greektown Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $4.2 million, which was in effect until the next Greektown Percentage Rent reset, which occurred on June 1, 2023. Upon reset of the Greektown Percentage Rent, effective June 1, 2021, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $4.1 million. The land and building components contained within the Greektown Lease are classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Tropicana Lease Prior to the closing of the sale of PENN’s outstanding equity interest in Tropicana on September 26, 2022, the Company leased the real estate assets used in the operations of Tropicana for nominal cash rent (the “Tropicana Lease”). The term of the Tropicana Lease was for two years (subject to three one-year extensions at GLPI’s option) or until the real estate assets and the operations of the Tropicana were sold. The land and building components contained within the Tropicana Lease were classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease were recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-REIT Operating Leases In addition to any operating lease components contained within the Master Leases, Meadows Lease, Margaritaville Lease, Greektown Lease, and Tropicana Lease (collectively referred to as “triple net operating leases”), the Company’s operating leases consists of (i) ground and levee leases to landlords which were not assumed by our REIT Landlords and remain an obligation of the Company, and (ii) buildings and equipment not associated with our REIT Landlords. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments based on a percentage of sales over specified contractual amounts, rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation, and rental payments based on usage. The Company’s leases include options to extend the lease terms. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Information related to lease term and discount rate was as follows:
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term |  |  |
Operating leases | 11.2 years |  | 19.1 years
Finance leases | 27.3 years |  | 26.7 years
Financing obligations | 27.6 years |  | 27.5 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate |  |  |
Operating leases | 7.7 | % |  | 5.8 | %
Finance leases | 5.2 | % |  | 5.2 | %
Financing obligations | 5.2 | % |  | 7.7 | %
The components of lease expense were as follows:
| Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations |  | For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Operating Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rent expense associated with triple net operating leases (1) | General and administrative |  | $ | 591.1 |  |  | $ | 149.6 |  |  | $ | 454.4 |
Operating lease cost (2) | Primarily General and administrative |  | 22.4 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 16.6 |
Short-term lease cost | Primarily Gaming expense |  | 81.2 |  |  | 74.6 |  |  | 64.9 |
Variable lease cost (2) | Primarily Gaming expense |  | 3.6 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.3 |
Total |  |  | $ | 698.3 |  |  | $ | 248.2 |  |  | $ | 540.2 |
Finance Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on lease liabilities (3) | Interest expense, net |  | $ | 110.6 |  |  | $ | 258.4 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |
Amortization of ROU assets (3) | Depreciation and amortization |  | 87.5 |  |  | 181.6 |  |  | 10.6 |
Total |  |  | $ | 198.1 |  |  | $ | 440.0 |  |  | $ | 27.8 |
Financing Obligation Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on financing obligations (4) | Interest expense, net |  | $ | 146.6 |  |  | $ | 347.0 |  |  | $ | 416.9 |
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the following operating leases: (i) AR PENN Master Lease; (ii) 2023 Master Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; and (iv) Greektown Lease. For the year ended December 31, 2022, pertains to the operating lease components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (specific to the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley); (ii) Meadows Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; (iv) Greektown Lease; and (v) Tropicana Lease (which terminated on September 26, 2022). For the year ended December 31, 2021, pertains to the operating lease components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (specific to the land, inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo); (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease (specific to the land); (iii) Meadows Lease; (iv) Margaritaville Lease; (v) Greektown Lease; and (vi) Tropicana Lease. (2)Excludes the operating lease costs and variable lease costs pertaining to our triple net leases with our REIT landlords classified as operating leases, discussed in footnote (1) above. (3)For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the Pinnacle Master Lease (land). For the year ended December 31, 2022, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the (i) PENN Master Lease; (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease; and (iii) Perryville Lease. The finance lease components contained within the PENN Master Lease and the Pinnacle Master Lease primarily consisted of the land, inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo. For the year ended December 31, 2021, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the (i) PENN Master Lease; and (ii) Perryville Lease (effective July 1, 2021). The finance lease components contained within the PENN Master Lease consisted of the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley. (4) For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the components contained within the Pinnacle Master Lease (buildings) and the Morgantown Lease. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, pertains to the components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (primarily buildings) inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo for the financing obligation components; (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease (buildings); and (iii) Morgantown Lease. Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
| For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | 110.6 |  |  | $ | 258.4 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 609.9 |  |  | $ | 163.2 |  |  | $ | 428.3 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | 47.1 |  |  | $ | 110.5 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |
Non-cash lease activities: |  |  |  |  |
Commencement of operating leases | $ | 3,820.4 |  |  | $ | 58.5 |  |  | $ | 96.4 |
Derecognition of operating lease liabilities | $ | 307.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commencement of finance leases | $ | 33.3 |  |  | $ | 1,462.1 |  |  | $ | 106.1 |
Derecognition of finance lease liabilities | $ | 2,933.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derecognition of finance obligations | $ | 1,567.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total payments made under the Triple Net Leases were as follows:
| For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
AR PENN Master Lease | $ | 284.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2023 Master Lease | 232.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PENN Master Lease | — |  |  | 480.3 |  |  | 475.7 |
Pinnacle Master Lease | 339.4 |  |  | 334.1 |  |  | 328.3 |
Perryville Lease | — |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 3.9 |
Meadows Lease | — |  |  | 24.6 |  |  | 24.9 |
Margaritaville Lease | 26.2 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 23.5 |
Greektown Lease | 52.2 |  |  | 51.3 |  |  | 53.1 |
Morgantown Lease | 3.1 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.0 |
Total (1) | $ | 937.8 |  |  | $ | 925.0 |  |  | $ | 912.4 |
(1)For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, rent payable under the Tropicana Lease was nominal. Therefore, it has been excluded from the table above. The Tropicana Lease was terminated on September 26, 2022. The classification of lease ROU assets was as follows:
| December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022
Lease ROU assets |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 4,264.7 |  |  | $ | 1,068.4 |
Finance leases | 2,041.0 |  |  | 5,034.9 |
Total | $ | 6,305.7 |  |  | $ | 6,103.3 |
The following is a maturity analysis of our operating leases, finance leases, and financing obligations as of December 31, 2023:
(in millions) | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases |  | Financing Obligations
Years ending December 31: |  |  |  |  |
2024 | $ | 617.9 |  |  | $ | 149.3 |  |  | $ | 166.5 |
2025 | 611.1 |  |  | 144.7 |  |  | 166.5 |
2026 | 611.8 |  |  | 144.7 |  |  | 166.6 |
2027 | 614.5 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 166.5 |
2028 | 613.6 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 166.6 |
Thereafter | 3,318.6 |  |  | 3,222.4 |  |  | 3,829.5 |
Total lease payments | 6,387.5 |  |  | 3,950.3 |  |  | 4,662.2 |
Less: Imputed interest | (2,141.1) |  |  | (1,847.5) |  |  | (2,234.8) |
Present value of future lease payments | 4,246.4 |  |  | 2,102.8 |  |  | 2,427.4 |
Less: Current portion of lease obligations | (302.3) |  |  | (40.3) |  |  | (41.3) |
Long-term portion of lease obligations | $ | 3,944.1 |  |  | $ | 2,062.5 |  |  | $ | 2,386.1 |
Lessor The Company leases its hotel rooms to patrons and records the corresponding lessor revenue in “Food, beverage, hotel, and other revenues” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized $247.3 million, $262.0 million, and $231.1 million of lessor revenues related to the rental of hotel rooms, respectively. Hotel leasing arrangements vary in duration but are short-term in nature. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment associated with hotel rooms is included in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Leases | Note 12—Leases Master Leases The components contained within the Master Leases are accounted for as either (i) operating leases, (ii) finance leases, or (iii) financing obligations. Changes to future lease payments that are not fixed within the Master Leases (i.e., when future escalators become known or future variable rent resets occur), which are discussed below, require the Company to either (i) increase both the ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities with respect to operating and finance leases or (ii) record the incremental variable payment associated with the financing obligation to interest expense. In addition, prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease (as defined and as discussed below), monthly rent associated with Hollywood Casino Columbus (“Columbus”) and monthly rent in excess of the Hollywood Casino Toledo (“Toledo”) rent floor as contained within the PENN Master Lease (as defined and discussed below), were considered contingent rent. AR PENN Master Lease Prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease (as defined and discussed below), the Company leased real estate assets associated with 19 of the gaming facilities used in its operations via a triple net master lease with GLPI (the “PENN Master Lease”), which became effective November 1, 2013. The PENN Master Lease had an initial term of 15 years with four subsequent five-year renewal periods on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. On February 21, 2023, the Company and GLPI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the PENN Master Lease (the “AR PENN Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, to (i) remove the land and buildings for Hollywood Casino Aurora (“Aurora”), Hollywood Casino Joliet (“Joliet”), Columbus, Toledo, and the M Resort Spa Casino (“M Resort”), and (ii) make associated adjustments to the rent after which the initial rent in the AR PENN Master Lease was reset to $284.1 million, consisting of $208.2 million of building base rent, $43.0 million of land base rent, and $32.9 million of percentage rent (as such terms are defined in the AR PENN Master Lease). Subsequent to the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the lease contains real estate assets associated with 14 of the Company’s gaming facilities used in its operations. The current term of the AR PENN Master Lease expires on October 31, 2033 and thereafter contains three renewal terms of five years each on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The AR PENN Master Lease along with the 2023 Master Lease (as defined and discussed below) are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The payment structure under the AR PENN Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the AR PENN Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every five years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of all properties associated with the AR PENN Master Lease compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding five years (“PENN Percentage Rent”). As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2023 for the lease year ended October 31, 2023, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.2 million, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $28.7 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2022 for the lease year ended October 31, 2022, the fixed component of rent increased by $5.7 million, additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $3.6 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $44.8 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of November 1, 2021 for the lease year ended October 31, 2021, the fixed component of rent increased by $5.6 million, additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $34.2 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components, and additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $3.1 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur effective November 1, 2024. The November 1, 2023 PENN Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $4.4 million, which will be in effect until the next PENN Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on November 1, 2028. Upon reset of the PENN Percentage Rent, effective November 1, 2023, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $117.4 million. We concluded the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease constituted a modification event under ASC 842, which required us to reassess the classifications of the lease components and remeasure the associated lease liabilities. We concluded the lease term should end at the current lease expiration date of October 31, 2033 and the optional three renewal terms of five years each were not included in the lease term. The Company continues to evolve from a leading retail gaming operator to a leading provider of integrated entertainment, sports content, and casino gaming experiences. The execution of our omni-channel strategy continues to diversify our earning streams and precluded us from concluding all renewal periods were reasonably assured to be exercised. As a result of the January 1, 2023 lease modification event, we concluded (i) the land components contained within the AR PENN Master Lease, which were previously primarily classified as finance leases under the PENN Master Lease, to be classified as operating leases, and (ii) control of the building assets have transferred from the Company to the lessor allowing for sale recognition in accordance with ASC 842 which results in the building components to be classified as operating leases. Prior to the January 1, 2023 lease modification event, control of substantially all of the building components were concluded not to have passed from the Company to the lessor in accordance with ASC 842 which required recognition of a financing obligation in accordance with ASC 470 and continued recognition of the underlying asset in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In conjunction with the sale recognition on the building components, we (i) derecognized $1.6 billion of financing obligations within our Consolidated Balance Sheets, offset to “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Statements of Operations; and (ii) derecognized $1.1 billion of “Property and equipment, net” associated with the building assets within our Consolidated Balance Sheets, offset to “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of our measurement of the associated operating lease liabilities, we recognized a reduction of the ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $1.2 billion within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to the effective date of the AR PENN Master Lease, monthly rent associated with Columbus and monthly rent in excess of the Toledo rent floor were variable and considered contingent rent. Expense related to operating lease components associated with Columbus and Toledo were included in “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations and the variable expense related to financing obligations and finance lease components were included in “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total monthly variable expenses were as follows:
|  |  | For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Variable expenses included in “General and administrative” |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 18.7 |
Variable expenses included in “Interest expense, net” |  |  | 36.4 |  |  | 17.1 |
Total variable expenses |  |  | $ | 37.6 |  |  | $ | 35.8 |
On January 14, 2022, the ninth amendment to the PENN Master Lease between the Company and GLPI became effective. The ninth amendment restated the definition of “Net Revenue” to clarify the inclusion of online-based revenues derived when a patron is physically present at a leased property, established a “floor” with respect to the PNRC Net Revenue amount used in the calculation of the annual rent escalator and PENN Percentage Rent, and modified the rent calculations upon a lease termination event as defined in the amendment. We concluded the ninth amendment constituted a modification event under ASC 842, which required us to reassess the classifications of the lease components and remeasure the associated lease liabilities. As a result of our reassessment of the lease classifications, (i) the land components of substantially all of the PENN Master Lease properties, which were previously classified as operating leases, were then primarily classified as finance leases, and (ii) the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley, which were previously classified as finance leases, were then classified as operating leases. As a result of our measurement of the associated lease liabilities, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $455.4 million. The building components of substantially all of the PENN Master Lease properties continued to be classified as financing obligations. 2023 Master Lease Concurrent with the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the Company and GLPI entered into a new triple net master lease (the “2023 Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, specific to the property associated with Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, M Resort, Hollywood Casino at The Meadows (“Meadows”), and Hollywood Casino Perryville (“Perryville”) and a master development agreement (the “Master Development Agreement”). The 2023 Master Lease has an initial term through October 31, 2033 with three subsequent five-year renewal periods on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The 2023 Master Lease terminated the individual triple net leases associated with Meadows and Perryville. The 2023 Master Lease and AR PENN Master Lease are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The AR PENN Master Lease and the 2023 Master Lease are coterminous, as such consistent with the AR PENN Master Lease, we concluded the 2023 Master Lease term ends at the current lease expiration date of October 31, 2033 and does not include any of the remaining three renewal terms of five years each. (See above lease term discussion for AR PENN Master Lease.) As a result of our lease classification assessment, we concluded all land and building components contained within the 2023 Master Lease to be operating leases. As a result of our measurement of the operating lease liabilities, we recognized ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $1.8 billion. Additionally, in connection with the termination of the prior Meadows Lease and Perryville Lease (both defined and discussed below), we (i) derecognized $171.9 million in ROU assets within our Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) derecognized $165.5 million in lease liabilities within our Consolidated Balance Sheets; and (iii) recognized a $6.5 million loss on the termination which is recorded in “Gain on REIT transaction, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The 2023 Master Lease includes a base rent (the “2023 Master Lease Base Rent”) equal to $232.2 million and the Master Development Agreement contains additional rent (together with the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent, the “2023 Master Lease Rent”) equal to (i) 7.75% of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for an anticipated relocation of PENN’s riverboat casino and related developments with respect to Aurora (the “Aurora Project”) and (ii) a percentage, based on the then-current GLPI stock price, of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for certain anticipated development projects with respect to Joliet, Columbus, and M Resort (the “Other Development Projects”). The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225.0 million for the Aurora Project and, upon PENN’s request, up to $350.0 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. These funding obligations of GLPI expire on January 1, 2026. The 2023 Master Lease Rent will be subject to a one-time increase of $1.4 million, effective November 1, 2027. The 2023 Master Lease Rent was subject to a fixed escalator of 1.5% on November 1, 2023 and will continue to increase annually thereafter. The Master Development Agreement provides that PENN may elect not to proceed with a development project prior to GLPI’s commencement of any equity or debt offering or credit facility draw intended to fund such a project or after such time in certain instances, provided that GLPI will be reimbursed for all costs and expenses incurred in connection with such discontinued project. The Aurora Project and the Other Development Projects are all subject to necessary regulatory and other government approvals. Pinnacle Master Lease In connection with the acquisition of Pinnacle on October 15, 2018, the Company assumed a triple net master lease with GLPI (the “Pinnacle Master Lease”), originally effective April 28, 2016, pursuant to which the Company leases real estate assets associated with 12 of the gaming facilities used in its operations. Upon assumption of the Pinnacle Master Lease, as amended, there were 7.5 years remaining of the initial ten-year term, with five subsequent, five-year renewal periods, on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The Company has determined that the lease term is 32.5 years. The payment structure under the Pinnacle Master Lease includes a fixed component, a portion of which is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2%, depending on the Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Pinnacle Master Lease) of 1.8:1, and a component that is based on performance of the properties, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Pinnacle Percentage Rent”). As a result of the annual escalator, effective May 1, 2023, for the lease year ended April 30, 2023, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.7 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $33.3 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of May 1, 2022, for the lease year ended April 30, 2022, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.6 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $33.2 million were recognized associated with the finance lease components. As a result of the annual escalator, effective as of May 1, 2021, for the lease year ended April 30, 2021, the fixed component of rent increased by $4.5 million, and an additional ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $17.2 million were recognized associated with the operating lease components. The next annual escalator test date is scheduled to occur on May 1, 2024. The May 1, 2022 Pinnacle Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $1.9 million, which will be in effect until the next Pinnacle Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on May 1, 2024. Upon reset of the Pinnacle Percentage Rent, effective May 1, 2022, we recognized an additional finance lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $26.1 million. On January 14, 2022, the fifth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease between the Company and GLPI became effective. The fifth amendment restates the definition of “Net Revenue” to clarify the inclusion of online-based revenues derived when a patron is physically present at a leased property and modifies the rent calculations upon a lease termination event as defined in the amendment. We concluded the fifth amendment to the Pinnacle Master Lease constituted a modification event under ASC 842 (collectively with the ninth amendment to the PENN Master Lease, the “2022 Lease Modification”). As a result of the modification, the land components of substantially all of the Pinnacle Master Lease properties, which were previously classified as operating leases, are now primarily classified as finance leases. As a result of our measurement of the associated lease liabilities, we recognized additional ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $937.6 million. The building components of substantially all of the Pinnacle Master Lease properties continue to be classified as financing obligations. Lease components classified as a finance lease are recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” and “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method. Other Triple Net Leases with REIT Landlords Morgantown Lease On October 1, 2020, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with a subsidiary of GLPI for the land underlying our development project in Morgantown, Pennsylvania (“Morgantown Lease”) in exchange for $30.0 million in rent credits which were utilized to pay rent under the Master Leases, Meadows Lease (as defined and discussed below), and the Morgantown Lease during the year ended December 31, 2020. The initial term of the Morgantown Lease is 20 years with six subsequent, five-year renewal periods, exercisable at the Company’s option. Initial annual rent under the Morgantown Lease is $3.0 million, subject to a 1.50% fixed annual escalation in each of the first three years subsequent to the facility opening, which occurred on December 22, 2021. Thereafter, the lease will be subject to an annual escalator consisting of either (i) 1.25%, if the consumer price index increase is greater than 0.50%, or (ii) zero, if the consumer price index increase is less than 0.50%. All improvements made on the land, including the constructed building, will be owned by the Company while the lease is in effect, however, on the expiration or termination of the Morgantown Lease, ownership of all tenant improvements on the land will transfer to GLPI. We concluded control of the land underlying the Morgantown facility was not passed from the Company to the lessor in accordance with ASC 842. As such we recognized a financing obligation in accordance with ASC 470 and continue to recognize the underlying asset in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease payments related to the financing obligation under the effective yield method. Perryville Lease In conjunction with the acquisition of the operations of Perryville on July 1, 2021, the Company entered into a triple net lease with GLPI for the real estate assets associated with the property (“Perryville Lease”) for initial annual rent of $7.8 million per year subject to escalation. The initial term of the Perryville Lease was 20 years with three subsequent, five-year renewal periods, exercisable at the Company’s option. The building portion of the annual rent was subject to a fixed annual escalation of 1.50% in each of the following three years, with subsequent annual escalations of either (i) 1.25%, if the consumer price index increase is greater than 0.50%, or (ii) zero, if the consumer price index increase is less than 0.50%. We determined the transaction to be a finance lease arrangement and upon execution of the Perryville Lease, recorded a $102.9 million ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability. As discussed above, as a result of entering into the 2023 Master Lease, the Perryville Lease was terminated effective January 1, 2023. Prior to the lease termination, the land and building components were classified as finance leases. Lease components classified as a finance lease were recorded to “Depreciation and amortization” and “Interest expense, net” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Meadows Lease In connection with the acquisition of Pinnacle, we assumed a triple net operating lease associated with the real estate assets at Meadows (“Meadows Lease”), originally effective September 9, 2016. Upon assumption of the Meadows Lease, there were eight years remaining of the initial ten-year term, with three subsequent, five-year renewal options followed by one four-year renewal option on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Meadows Lease included a fixed component (“Meadows Base Rent”), which was subject to an annual escalator of up to 5% for the initial term or until the lease year in which Meadows Base Rent plus Meadows Percentage Rent (as defined below) was a total of $31.0 million, subject to certain adjustments, and up to 2% thereafter, subject to an Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Meadows Lease) of 2.0:1. The “Meadows Percentage Rent” was based on performance, which was prospectively adjusted for the next two-year period equal to 4.0% of the average annual net revenues of the property during the trailing two-year period. As discussed above, as a result of entering into the 2023 Master Lease, the Meadows Lease was terminated effective January 1, 2023. Prior to the termination of the Meadows Lease, the land and building components were classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease were recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Margaritaville Lease On January 1, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI Properties Inc. (NYSE: VICI) (“VICI”) for the real estate assets used in the operations of Margaritaville Resort Casino (the “Margaritaville Lease”). The Margaritaville Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Margaritaville Lease includes a fixed component, a portion that is subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% depending on a minimum coverage floor ratio of Net Revenue to Rent of 6.1:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Margaritaville Percentage Rent”). Subsequent to year end, on February 1, 2024, the Margaritaville Lease annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.7 million. On February 1, 2023, the Margaritaville Lease annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.8 million. On February 1, 2022, the annual escalator test resulted in an annual rent increase of $0.4 million and the recognition of an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $2.9 million. We did not incur an annual escalator for the lease year ended January 31, 2021. On February 1, 2023, the Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $2.3 million which will be in effect until the next Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on February 1, 2025. Upon reset of the Margaritaville Percentage Rent, effective February 1, 2023, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $9.8 million. On February 1, 2021, the Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $0.1 million which was in effect until the February 1, 2023 Margaritaville Percentage Rent reset. Upon reset of the Margaritaville Percentage Rent, effective February 1, 2021, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $5.5 million. The land and building components contained within the Margaritaville Lease are classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Greektown Lease On May 23, 2019, the Company entered into an individual triple net lease with VICI for the real estate assets used in the operations of Hollywood Casino at Greektown (the “Greektown Lease”). The Greektown Lease has an initial term of 15 years, with four subsequent five-year renewal options on the same terms and conditions, exercisable at the Company’s option. The payment structure under the Greektown Lease includes a fixed component, a portion subject to an annual escalator of up to 2% depending on an Adjusted Revenue to Rent Ratio (as defined in the Greektown Lease) of 1.85:1, and a component that is based on performance, which is prospectively adjusted every two years by an amount equal to 4% of the average change in net revenues of the property compared to a contractual baseline during the preceding two years (“Greektown Percentage Rent”). In May 2020, the lease was amended to remove the escalator for the lease years ending May 31, 2022 and 2021 and to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the fourth lease year (June 1, 2022). In April 2022, the lease was further amended to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the fifth lease year (June 1, 2023). On April 1, 2023, the lease was amended to provide for a Net Revenue to Rent coverage floor to be mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of the sixth lease year (June 1, 2024). We did not incur an annual escalator for the lease year ended May 31, 2023. On June 1, 2023, the Greektown Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent increase of $1.5 million, which will be in effect until the next Greektown Percentage Rent reset, scheduled to occur on June 1, 2025. Upon reset of the Greektown Percentage Rent, effective June 1, 2023, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $7.0 million. On June 1, 2021, the Greektown Percentage Rent reset resulted in an annual rent reduction of $4.2 million, which was in effect until the next Greektown Percentage Rent reset, which occurred on June 1, 2023. Upon reset of the Greektown Percentage Rent, effective June 1, 2021, we recognized an additional operating lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability of $4.1 million. The land and building components contained within the Greektown Lease are classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease are recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Tropicana Lease Prior to the closing of the sale of PENN’s outstanding equity interest in Tropicana on September 26, 2022, the Company leased the real estate assets used in the operations of Tropicana for nominal cash rent (the “Tropicana Lease”). The term of the Tropicana Lease was for two years (subject to three one-year extensions at GLPI’s option) or until the real estate assets and the operations of the Tropicana were sold. The land and building components contained within the Tropicana Lease were classified as operating leases. Lease components classified as an operating lease were recorded to “General and administrative” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Non-REIT Operating Leases In addition to any operating lease components contained within the Master Leases, Meadows Lease, Margaritaville Lease, Greektown Lease, and Tropicana Lease (collectively referred to as “triple net operating leases”), the Company’s operating leases consists of (i) ground and levee leases to landlords which were not assumed by our REIT Landlords and remain an obligation of the Company, and (ii) buildings and equipment not associated with our REIT Landlords. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments based on a percentage of sales over specified contractual amounts, rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation, and rental payments based on usage. The Company’s leases include options to extend the lease terms. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Information related to lease term and discount rate was as follows:
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term |  |  |
Operating leases | 11.2 years |  | 19.1 years
Finance leases | 27.3 years |  | 26.7 years
Financing obligations | 27.6 years |  | 27.5 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate |  |  |
Operating leases | 7.7 | % |  | 5.8 | %
Finance leases | 5.2 | % |  | 5.2 | %
Financing obligations | 5.2 | % |  | 7.7 | %
The components of lease expense were as follows:
| Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations |  | For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Operating Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rent expense associated with triple net operating leases (1) | General and administrative |  | $ | 591.1 |  |  | $ | 149.6 |  |  | $ | 454.4 |
Operating lease cost (2) | Primarily General and administrative |  | 22.4 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 16.6 |
Short-term lease cost | Primarily Gaming expense |  | 81.2 |  |  | 74.6 |  |  | 64.9 |
Variable lease cost (2) | Primarily Gaming expense |  | 3.6 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.3 |
Total |  |  | $ | 698.3 |  |  | $ | 248.2 |  |  | $ | 540.2 |
Finance Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on lease liabilities (3) | Interest expense, net |  | $ | 110.6 |  |  | $ | 258.4 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |
Amortization of ROU assets (3) | Depreciation and amortization |  | 87.5 |  |  | 181.6 |  |  | 10.6 |
Total |  |  | $ | 198.1 |  |  | $ | 440.0 |  |  | $ | 27.8 |
Financing Obligation Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on financing obligations (4) | Interest expense, net |  | $ | 146.6 |  |  | $ | 347.0 |  |  | $ | 416.9 |
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the following operating leases: (i) AR PENN Master Lease; (ii) 2023 Master Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; and (iv) Greektown Lease. For the year ended December 31, 2022, pertains to the operating lease components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (specific to the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley); (ii) Meadows Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; (iv) Greektown Lease; and (v) Tropicana Lease (which terminated on September 26, 2022). For the year ended December 31, 2021, pertains to the operating lease components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (specific to the land, inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo); (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease (specific to the land); (iii) Meadows Lease; (iv) Margaritaville Lease; (v) Greektown Lease; and (vi) Tropicana Lease. (2)Excludes the operating lease costs and variable lease costs pertaining to our triple net leases with our REIT landlords classified as operating leases, discussed in footnote (1) above. (3)For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the Pinnacle Master Lease (land). For the year ended December 31, 2022, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the (i) PENN Master Lease; (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease; and (iii) Perryville Lease. The finance lease components contained within the PENN Master Lease and the Pinnacle Master Lease primarily consisted of the land, inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo. For the year ended December 31, 2021, pertains to the finance lease components associated with the (i) PENN Master Lease; and (ii) Perryville Lease (effective July 1, 2021). The finance lease components contained within the PENN Master Lease consisted of the land and building components associated with the operations of Dayton and Mahoning Valley. (4) For the year ended December 31, 2023, pertains to the components contained within the Pinnacle Master Lease (buildings) and the Morgantown Lease. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, pertains to the components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (primarily buildings) inclusive of the variable expense associated with Columbus and Toledo for the financing obligation components; (ii) Pinnacle Master Lease (buildings); and (iii) Morgantown Lease. Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
| For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | 110.6 |  |  | $ | 258.4 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 609.9 |  |  | $ | 163.2 |  |  | $ | 428.3 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | 47.1 |  |  | $ | 110.5 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |
Non-cash lease activities: |  |  |  |  |
Commencement of operating leases | $ | 3,820.4 |  |  | $ | 58.5 |  |  | $ | 96.4 |
Derecognition of operating lease liabilities | $ | 307.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commencement of finance leases | $ | 33.3 |  |  | $ | 1,462.1 |  |  | $ | 106.1 |
Derecognition of finance lease liabilities | $ | 2,933.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derecognition of finance obligations | $ | 1,567.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total payments made under the Triple Net Leases were as follows:
| For the year ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
AR PENN Master Lease | $ | 284.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2023 Master Lease | 232.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PENN Master Lease | — |  |  | 480.3 |  |  | 475.7 |
Pinnacle Master Lease | 339.4 |  |  | 334.1 |  |  | 328.3 |
Perryville Lease | — |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 3.9 |
Meadows Lease | — |  |  | 24.6 |  |  | 24.9 |
Margaritaville Lease | 26.2 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 23.5 |
Greektown Lease | 52.2 |  |  | 51.3 |  |  | 53.1 |
Morgantown Lease | 3.1 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.0 |
Total (1) | $ | 937.8 |  |  | $ | 925.0 |  |  | $ | 912.4 |
(1)For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, rent payable under the Tropicana Lease was nominal. Therefore, it has been excluded from the table above. The Tropicana Lease was terminated on September 26, 2022. The classification of lease ROU assets was as follows:
| December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022
Lease ROU assets |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 4,264.7 |  |  | $ | 1,068.4 |
Finance leases | 2,041.0 |  |  | 5,034.9 |
Total | $ | 6,305.7 |  |  | $ | 6,103.3 |
The following is a maturity analysis of our operating leases, finance leases, and financing obligations as of December 31, 2023:
(in millions) | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases |  | Financing Obligations
Years ending December 31: |  |  |  |  |
2024 | $ | 617.9 |  |  | $ | 149.3 |  |  | $ | 166.5 |
2025 | 611.1 |  |  | 144.7 |  |  | 166.5 |
2026 | 611.8 |  |  | 144.7 |  |  | 166.6 |
2027 | 614.5 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 166.5 |
2028 | 613.6 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 166.6 |
Thereafter | 3,318.6 |  |  | 3,222.4 |  |  | 3,829.5 |
Total lease payments | 6,387.5 |  |  | 3,950.3 |  |  | 4,662.2 |
Less: Imputed interest | (2,141.1) |  |  | (1,847.5) |  |  | (2,234.8) |
Present value of future lease payments | 4,246.4 |  |  | 2,102.8 |  |  | 2,427.4 |
Less: Current portion of lease obligations | (302.3) |  |  | (40.3) |  |  | (41.3) |
Long-term portion of lease obligations | $ | 3,944.1 |  |  | $ | 2,062.5 |  |  | $ | 2,386.1 |
Lessor The Company leases its hotel rooms to patrons and records the corresponding lessor revenue in “Food, beverage, hotel, and other revenues” within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized $247.3 million, $262.0 million, and $231.1 million of lessor revenues related to the rental of hotel rooms, respectively. Hotel leasing arrangements vary in duration but are short-term in nature. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment associated with hotel rooms is included in “Property and equipment, net” within our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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